Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan Assembly instructions

Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan
tips & tricks
V 1.0 I 05/2011
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Scanning beams and columns
The reinforcement in beams and columns may be located very close to the edges.
As the scanner should never be lifted away from the surface when a scan is in progress, i.e. all
4 wheels must stay in contact with the surface at all times, sheets of a suitable material should
be positioned so that they project beyond the edges of the surface to be scanned. Objects
positioned close to the edge of a beam or column may be indicated less clearly than objects
positioned further from the edge due to the weaker signal received.
The thickness of the sheet must be taken into account when interpreting the readings from the
scan.
Transferring data from the scanner to the monitor
Scan data can be transferred from the scanner to the monitor in various ways.
1.) The PSA 50 / 51 data cable can be used to transfer data between the monitor and the
scanner. This feature is not available with the Hilti PS 1000-B X-Scan.
2.) Alternatively, scan data can be saved on an SD card (PSA 95) and transferred directly to a
PC or to the monitor unit using the PSA 96 card reader.
Transferring data from the scanner to a PC
To transfer scan data from the scanner to a PC, you require an SD card (PSA 95) and a
PSA 96 card reader.
• First insert the SD card in the memory card slot on the scanner.
• All scan data will then be copied automatically to the SD card from the scanner’s internal
memory.
• The card reader can then be connected to the USB interface on the PC and the data
subsequently transferred.
Caution: To avoid data loss, always make sure that the scanner is switched off before
inserting or removing the SD card.
Tips & tricks
Scanning on rough surfaces
When the scanner is moved over a rough surface, the distance between the scanner and the
surface beneath doesn’t remain constant. The position and depth readings obtained are thus
inaccurate. Measurement errors of this kind can be avoided by placing a thin sheet of suitable
material (e.g. wood, cardboard, etc.) on this rough surface.
The thickness of the sheet must be taken into account when interpreting the scan.

Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan
tips & tricks
V 1.0 I 05/2011
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Marking an object
When using the Quickscan detection mode, objects can be marked on the spot, directly on
the scanned surface beside the scanner. With the aid of the broken lines shown in the display,
the scanner can be moved forward and back over the object detected until the middle line lies
exactly over the object. The position of the object can then be marked on the surface at the
indicator mark (1) at the top edge of the scanner. Alternatively, objects can be marked at the
outside edges of the scanner. The two outer broken lines shown in the display (to the left and
right of the middle line) represent the outside edges of the scanner. When one of these lines
lies directly over an object in the display, the position of the object can be marked on the
working surface at the corresponding edge of the scanner (2 or 3).
Using the raw scan data to identify the back of a wall or slab
The back surface of a steel reinforced concrete component is indicated by signal reflections.
A clearer indication of a back surface may be obtained by examining the raw scan data.
In this data, reflections from a back surface are often clearly visible in the form of a continuous
line in the cross-sectional view.
Detecting steel rebars beside PVC pipes
If PVC pipes are positioned relatively close to steel rebars, the PVC pipes detected will be
shown on the screen much less clearly than the rebars., The contrast must thus be increased
when evaluating the scan in order to make the PVC pipes more easily visible.
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Marking objects when scanning in Quickscan detection mode
In this mode, the objects found can be marked using two different methods.
With the first method, using the display as an aid, the objects are marked at the middle of the
Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan.
A continuous line is shown in the middle of the display area together with two broken lines,
one on each side. When the continuous line is directly over the object shown in the display,
the object’s position can be marked at the mid point of the top edge of the scanner.

Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan
tips & tricks
V 1.0 I 05/2011
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Detecting objects in a second layer
Objects that lie parallel, positioned exactly one above the other, can be detected so long as
there is sufficient vertical distance between the objects. If the wall is thick enough, this can
usually be carried out from one side.
If it is known that one or more layers of reinforcement are present in the structure and these
are not detected by the first scan, it is recommended that a second scan is made on the other
side of the wall or slab.
Tip: The Hilti PX 10 Transpointer can be used to transfer the position of the first scan to the
opposite side of the wall on the basis of reference grid.
Using the second method, with the aid of the display, the objects are marked at the outside
edges of the Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan.
A white line is shown in the middle of the display with a broken line on either side. When the
broken line on the right lies directly over the object detected, the position of the object can be
marked on the working surface at the outside edge on the right-hand side of the Hilti PS 1000
X-Scan. The same principle applies to marking objects at the left-hand outside edge of the
scanner.
Drilling through-holes without hitting reinforcement
The loadbearing structure of a building can be damaged by drilling into rebars and concealed
objects (severing the reinforcement) when drilling or coring through-holes and making
penetrations.
The wall or slab should thus be scanned with the Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan from both sides.
Where possible, e.g. on concrete beams, the area should be scanned from three sides.
Tip: The Hilti PX 10 Transpointer can be used to transfer the position of the first scan to the
opposite side of the structure.
Locating pre- and post-tensioning tendons
Tendons can be quickly analyzed over their entire length by making a number of consecutive
Quickscans. This is done by scanning at right angles to the presumed path of the cable and
marking the positions at which the cable is detected.
Tip: If the tendons dips down too deeply into thick concrete sections, additional scans can be
made on the opposite side of the wall or slab. The Hilti PX 10 Transpointer can then be used
to transfer the cable positions from the opposite side back to the original side of the wall or
slab.

Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan
tips & tricks
V 1.0 I 05/2011
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Calibrating detection results
For technical reasons, depth readings from objects located by scanners employing the radar
principle are generally not very accurate as long as the concrete permittivity is unknown. In
contrast to scanners that make use of the induction principle, the exact depth of an object
cannot be determined.
In order to be able to make a more accurate statement about the depth of objects when using
a radar-based scanner, the characteristics of the concrete (its permittivity) or the depth of one
of the objects must already be known. The corresponding parameters (concrete parameters)
can then be adjusted during analysis of the results and a more accurate estimate of the depth
of the objects thus achieved.
Plausibility test
The results of scans can always be assessed or interpreted in different ways.
However, in any case, before beginning with the analysis of scan results it is important
to clarify, from a technical point of view, whether detection is actually possible at the
location in question.
Tip: Consult the plans of the building before beginning.
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Interpreting scans of prestressed precast hollow-core concrete components
The size of hollow-core components can present a challenge when it comes to detection.
The cavities generally have a rounded cross-section. Accordingly, signal reflection is strongest
at the highest point of the cavity and drops off gradually at both sides.
Cavities can be made more easily visible by varying the depth of the cross-sectional view.
Changing the color to gray for the analysis of the scan may also be advantageous. In Quick-
scan mode, the cavity appears like a large object. It may not always be obvious that it is, in
fact, a cavity.
Tip: Compare the scan data with the building plans.
Detecting and interpreting plates
Plates are often difficult to detect and interpret, especially as these are often found in the
structure together with other objects. In the analysis of a scan of a plate, the edges of the
plate are reflected more strongly than the rest of the object. This may seem to suggest that
two objects are present. In cases such as this, the 3D view is more meaningful.
Basically speaking, however, the contrast at these points of the image is higher than in the
rest of the background.

Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan
tips & tricks
V 1.0 I 05/2011
Interpreting scans of profile metal sheet composite decks
Concrete decks are often formed by pouring concrete over profile metal sheets.
Layers of reinforcement or other cast-in objects are positioned above the profile metal sheets,
making detection more difficult. The uppermost layer of reinforcement can be detected
without any problem. Detection of the profile sheet metal is much more difficult as it cannot be
made clearly visible as a sheet, and tends to look like another layer of reinforcement.
Interpreting scans of floor heating systems
In the analysis view, floor heating systems are characterized by the way the pipes are typically
laid in a pattern of loops. At a depth of approx. 50 mm under a layer of screed, the pipes are
generally equally spaced but are often positioned closer together at potential cold spots.
If a metallic insulating foil has been placed beneath the pipes, the signal from the scanner is
reflected over the entire area. Such reflections can make it more difficult to detect the objects
in the floor. The scanner’s detection performance can also be negatively affected by multiple
layers or coverings consisting of a fine mesh. Accordingly, the plans showing details of the
installation should be checked first in order to determine whether a scanner employing radar
technology is capable of providing meaningful results.
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Interpreting insulating layers
Scanning through an insulating layer has, in principle, an adverse effect on the quality of the
results obtained. A layer of this kind often causes reflections, similar to those caused by the
back surface of a wall or slab. “Ghost” objects (objects that don’t exist) may be shown as
result. When possible, structures such as this should be scanned from both sides.
Tip: Try two different permittivity values (in the settings under “Concrete”) when using
Hilti PROFIS PS 1000 to analyze the scan results.
An insulating layer consisting of a metallic material always causes strong signal reflection.
It is thus not possible to detect objects positioned beneath layers of this kind.
Interpreting scans of pre- and post-tensioning tendons
Tendons are typical “second-layer” objects, over which there is usually a layer of reinforce-
ment in a grid with the bars spaced at various intervals. In the analysis view, tendons are
characterized by the fact that their depth does not remain constant.
This means that they may be shown at one side of the image but gradually disappear due to
the change in depth at other positions allong their length.
Furthermore, tendons usually do not lie parallel to the bars in the reinforcement grid.

Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan
tips & tricks
V 1.0 I 05/2011
Scanning and interpreting objects that lie at an angle
Before scanning an area in Imagescan mode, it can be helpful to first obtain an overview of
how the objects are positioned by using the scanner in Quickscan mode. Due to their position
relative to the scanner, inclined objects can be made only partially visible. For example,
objects inclined at a steep angle (e.g. in supporting beams) can be shown only to a limited
extent.
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Using the scanner without the grip
The grip of the Hilti PS 1000 X-Scan can be removed in order to allow use of the scanner
on surfaces where installations such as pipes etc. present an obstacle.
Scanning thus becomes possible even in tight corners.
Tips for analyzing multiple layers
When analyzing scans of areas containing objects in multiple layers, adjustment of the
parameters on the scanner or monitor (concrete, contrast, color scheme) may allow a more
definite statement to be made about the position of the objects. An example of a situation of
this kind is where a layer of screed is laid on top of concrete in a floor heating installation.
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Wall/Corner accessibility
For better wall/corner accessibility it is recommended that Quickscan Detection mode is used
with the scanner placed so that the two antennas are positioned closest to the wall/corner.
This reduces the minimum wall/corner accessibility distance from 18.5 cm to 9.25 cm.