HP 5830 series User manual
HP 5830 Switch Series
Fundamentals
Configuration Guide
Part number: 5998-2060
Software version: Release 1115, Release 1118
Document version: 6W101-20130604
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Contents
Using the CLI ································································································································································ 1
FIPS compliance ································································································································································1
Command conventions ·····················································································································································1
Using the undo form of a command ·······························································································································2
CLI views ············································································································································································2
Entering system view from user view······················································································································3
Returning to the upper-level view from any view ··································································································3
Returning to user view from any other view ··········································································································3
Accessing the CLI online help··········································································································································4
Entering a command·························································································································································5
Editing a command line···········································································································································5
Entering a STRING type value for an argument····································································································5
Abbreviating commands··········································································································································5
Configuring and using command keyword aliases······························································································6
Configuring and using hotkeys·······························································································································6
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands ···············································································8
Understanding command-line error messages···············································································································8
Using the command history function ·······························································································································9
Viewing history commands ·····································································································································9
Setting the command history buffer size for user interfaces ················································································9
Controlling the CLI output·············································································································································· 10
Pausing between screens of output ····················································································································· 10
Filtering the output from a display command····································································································· 10
Configuring user privilege and command levels ········································································································ 13
Configuring a user privilege level ······················································································································· 13
Switching the user privilege level ························································································································ 16
Changing the level of a command······················································································································ 19
Saving the running configuration ································································································································· 19
Displaying and maintaining CLI ··································································································································· 19
Login overview ···························································································································································21
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 21
Login methods at a glance············································································································································ 21
User interfaces································································································································································ 22
User interface assignment····································································································································· 22
User interface identification ································································································································· 22
Logging in to the CLI··················································································································································23
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 23
Logging in through the console port for the first time································································································· 23
Configuring console login control settings·········································································································· 25
Disable authentication for console login (not supported in FIPS mode) ·························································· 26
Configuring password authentication for console login (not supported in FIPS mode)································· 27
Configuring scheme authentication for console login ······················································································· 28
Configuring common console login settings (optional) ····················································································· 31
Logging in through Telnet (not supported in FIPS mode) ··························································································· 33
Disable authentication for Telnet login················································································································ 34
Configuring password authentication for Telnet login ······················································································ 35
Configuring scheme authentication for Telnet login ·························································································· 36
Configuring common settings for VTY user interfaces (optional)······································································ 38
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Setting the DSCP value for outgoing Telnet packets when the device acts as the Telnet server··················· 39
Using the device to log in to a Telnet server ······································································································ 40
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing Telnet packets when the device acts as the Telnet client ···················· 40
Logging in through SSH ················································································································································ 41
Configuring the SSH server on the device·········································································································· 41
Using the device as an SSH client to log in to the SSH server········································································· 44
Logging in to the Web interface·······························································································································45
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 45
Configuring HTTP login (not supported in FIPS mode)······························································································· 46
Configuring HTTPS login ··············································································································································· 47
Displaying and maintaining Web login ······················································································································ 50
Web login configuration examples······························································································································ 50
HTTP login configuration example······················································································································· 50
HTTPS login configuration example ···················································································································· 51
Accessing the device through SNMP ·······················································································································54
Configuring SNMP login··············································································································································· 54
Prerequisites ··························································································································································· 54
Configuring SNMPv3 settings······························································································································ 54
Configuring SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c settings······································································································· 55
NMS login example······················································································································································· 56
Network requirements··········································································································································· 56
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 56
Controlling user logins···············································································································································57
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 57
Controlling Telnet logins (not supported in FIPS mode) ····························································································· 57
Configuring source IP-based Telnet login control······························································································· 57
Configuring source/destination IP-based Telnet login control·········································································· 58
Configuring source MAC-based Telnet login control ························································································ 59
Telnet login control configuration example ········································································································ 59
Configuring source IP-based SNMP login control ······································································································ 60
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 60
SNMP login control configuration example ······································································································· 61
Configuring Web login control ···································································································································· 62
Configuring source IP-based Web login control································································································ 62
Logging off online Web users······························································································································ 62
Web login control configuration example·········································································································· 63
Configuring FTP··························································································································································64
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 64
Using the device as an FTP client································································································································· 64
Establishing an FTP connection···························································································································· 65
Setting the DSCP value for IP to use for outgoing FTP packets········································································· 66
Managing directories on the FTP server ············································································································· 66
Working with the files on the FTP server············································································································· 66
Switching to another user account ······················································································································ 67
Maintaining and troubleshooting the FTP connection ······················································································· 67
Terminating the FTP connection ··························································································································· 68
FTP client configuration example························································································································· 68
Using the device as an FTP server································································································································ 70
Configuring basic parameters ····························································································································· 70
Configuring authentication and authorization ··································································································· 71
FTP server configuration example························································································································ 72
Displaying and maintaining FTP··································································································································· 73
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Configuring TFTP························································································································································74
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 74
Prerequisites···································································································································································· 74
Using the device as a TFTP client ································································································································· 74
Displaying and maintaining the TFTP client ················································································································ 75
TFTP client configuration example································································································································ 76
Managing the file system ··········································································································································78
Storage medium naming rules······································································································································ 78
File name formats··························································································································································· 78
Managing files ······························································································································································· 79
Displaying file information ··································································································································· 79
Displaying file contents········································································································································· 79
Renaming a file······················································································································································ 79
Copying a file························································································································································ 79
Moving a file·························································································································································· 79
Deleting/restoring a file ······································································································································· 80
Emptying the recycle bin ······································································································································ 80
Calculating the file digest····································································································································· 80
Managing directories ···················································································································································· 80
Displaying directory information ························································································································· 81
Displaying the current working directory············································································································ 81
Changing the current working directory············································································································· 81
Creating a directory·············································································································································· 81
Removing a directory············································································································································ 81
Managing storage media ············································································································································· 81
Managing storage medium space······················································································································· 82
Performing batch operations········································································································································· 82
Setting the file system operation mode ························································································································ 82
File system management examples ······························································································································ 83
Managing configuration files····································································································································84
Overview········································································································································································· 84
Configuration types··············································································································································· 84
Startup configuration loading process ················································································································ 85
Configuration file format and content ················································································································· 86
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 86
Saving the running configuration ································································································································· 86
Enabling configuration auto-update ···················································································································· 87
Saving configuration by using different methods······························································································· 87
Using automatic configuration backup after a software upgrade ··································································· 88
Configuring configuration rollback ······························································································································ 89
Configuration task list ··········································································································································· 89
Configuring configuration archive parameters ·································································································· 89
Enabling automatic configuration archiving······································································································· 90
Manually archiving running configuration ········································································································· 91
Performing configuration rollback ······················································································································· 91
Specifying a configuration file for the next startup····································································································· 91
Backing up the next-startup configuration file to a TFTP server················································································· 92
Deleting the next-startup configuration file ·················································································································· 92
Restoring the next-startup configuration file from a TFTP server················································································ 93
Displaying and maintaining configuration files ·········································································································· 93
Upgrading software···················································································································································95
FIPS compliance ····························································································································································· 95
Software upgrade methods··········································································································································· 95
iv
Upgrading BootWare without performing ISSU········································································································· 96
Upgrading system software without performing ISSU (method 1)············································································ 97
Upgrading system software without performing ISSU (method 2)············································································ 97
Installing hotfixes···························································································································································· 98
Basic concepts ······················································································································································· 98
Patch states····························································································································································· 99
Hotfix configuration task list·······························································································································101
Installation prerequisites ·····································································································································101
Installing and running patches in one step·······································································································102
Installing a patch step by step ···························································································································103
Uninstalling a patch step by step·······················································································································104
Displaying and maintaining software upgrade ········································································································105
Software upgrade examples·······································································································································105
Non-ISSU software upgrade example···············································································································105
Hotfix configuration example·····························································································································106
Performing ISSU ······················································································································································ 108
Overview·······································································································································································108
ISSU upgrade procedure····································································································································108
ISSU states····························································································································································109
System software version rollback·······················································································································110
Performing an ISSU······················································································································································110
ISSU upgrade task list ·········································································································································110
Examining and preparing the member switches for the ISSU ········································································111
Displaying version compatibility························································································································111
Performing an ISSU for an incompatible version ·····························································································112
Setting the ISSU version rollback timer ·············································································································112
Performing a manual version rollback ··············································································································112
Displaying and maintaining ISSU······················································································································113
ISSU upgrade example ···············································································································································113
Network status ·····················································································································································113
Network requirements·········································································································································113
Upgrade procedure ············································································································································114
Managing the device·············································································································································· 121
Configuring the device name ·····································································································································121
Changing the system time ···········································································································································121
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································121
Configuration procedure ····································································································································124
Enabling displaying the copyright statement ············································································································124
Configuring banners····················································································································································125
Banner input methods ·········································································································································125
Configuration procedure ····································································································································126
Configuring the exception handling method·············································································································126
Rebooting the device ···················································································································································126
Rebooting devices immediately at the CLI ········································································································127
Scheduling a device reboot ·······························································································································127
Scheduling jobs····························································································································································128
Job configuration methods ·································································································································128
Configuration guidelines ····································································································································128
Scheduling a job by using the non-modular method·······················································································129
Scheduling a job by using the modular method ······························································································129
Scheduled job configuration example ··············································································································130
Setting the preferred airflow direction ·······················································································································132
Setting the port status detection timer ························································································································132
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Configuring temperature thresholds···························································································································132
Clearing unused 16-bit interface indexes··················································································································133
Disabling password recovery capability ···················································································································133
Verifying and diagnosing transceiver modules ········································································································134
Verifying transceiver modules ····························································································································134
Diagnosing transceiver modules························································································································135
Displaying and maintaining device management····································································································135
Using automatic configuration ······························································································································· 137
Typical automatic configuration network···················································································································137
How automatic configuration operates ·····················································································································138
Automatic-configuration work flow····················································································································138
Using DHCP to obtain an IP address and other configuration information ··················································139
Obtaining the configuration file from the TFTP server ·····················································································140
Executing the configuration file··························································································································142
Support and other resources ·································································································································· 143
Contacting HP ······························································································································································143
Subscription service ············································································································································143
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1
Using the CLI
At the command-line interface (CLI), you can enter text commands to configure, manage, and monitor
your device.
You can use different methods to log in to the CLI, including through the console port, Telnet, and SSH.
For more information about login methods, see "Logging in to the CLI."
FIPS compliance
In Release 1118 and later versions, the device supports the FIPS mode that complies with NIST FIPS 140-2
requirements. Support for features, commands, and parameters might differ in FIPS mode and non-FIPS
mode. For more information about FIPS mode, see Security Configuration Guide.
Command conventions
Command conventions help you understand the syntax of commands. Commands in product manuals
comply with the conventions listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Command conventions
Convention Descri
p
tion
Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.
Italic Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.
[ ] Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are optional.
{ x | y | ... }
Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from which
you select one.
[ x | y | ... ]
Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from
which you select one or none.
{ x | y | ... } *
Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical
bars, from which you select at least one.
[ x | y | ... ] *
Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by vertical
bars, from which you select one choice, multiple choices, or none.
&<1-n> The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&) sign can
be entered 1 to n times.
# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.
Command keywords are case insensitive.
The following example analyzes the syntax of the clock datetime time date command according to Table
1.
2
Figure 1 Understanding command-line parameters
For example, to set the system time to 10:30:20, February 23, 2011, enter the following command line
at the CLI and press Enter:
<Sysname> clock datetime 10:30:20 2/23/2011
Using the undo form of a command
Most configuration commands have an undo form for canceling a configuration, restoring the default, or
disabling a feature. For example, the info-center enable command enables the information center, and
the undo info-center enable command disables the information center.
CLI views
Commands are grouped in different views by function. To use a command, you must enter the view of the
command.
CLI views are organized in a hierarchical structure, as shown in Figure 2. Each view has a unique prompt,
from which you can identify where you are and what you can do. For example, the prompt
[Sysname-vlan100] shows that you are in the view of VLAN 100 and can configure attributes for the
VLAN.
You are placed in user view immediately after you are logged in to the CLI. The user view prompt is
<Device-name>, where the Device-name argument defaults to HP and can be changed by using the
sysname command. In user view, you can perform some basic operations, including display, debug, file
management, FTP, Telnet, clock setting, and reboot. For more information about the sysname command,
see Fundamentals Command Reference.
From user view, you can enter system view to configure global settings, including the daylight saving time,
banners, and hotkeys. The system view prompt is [Device-name].
From system view, you can enter different function views. For example, you can enter interface view to
configure interface parameters, enter VLAN view to add ports to the specific VLAN, enter user interface
view to configure login user attributes, or create a local user and enter local user view to configure
attributes for the local user.
To display all commands available in a view, enter a question mark (?) at the view prompt.
3
Figure 2 CLI view hierarchy
Entering system view from user view
Task Command
Enter system view from user view. system-view
Returning to the upper-level view from any view
Task Command
Return to the upper-level view from any view. quit
Executing the quit command in user view terminates your connection to the device.
NOTE:
In public key code view, use the public-key-code end command to return to the upper-level view (public
key view). In public key view, use the peer-public-key end command to return to system view.
Returning to user view from any other view
You can return to user view from any other view using the return command, instead of using the quit
command multiple times. Pressing Ctrl+Z has the same effect.
To return to user view from any other view:
Task Command
Return to user view. return
4
Accessing the CLI online help
The CLI online help is context sensitive. You can enter a question mark at any point of a command to
display all available options.
To access the CLI online help, use one of the following methods:
•Enter a question mark at a view prompt to display the first keywords of all commands available in
the view. For example:
<Sysname> ?
User view commands:
archive Specify archive settings
backup Backup next startup-configuration file to TFTP server
boot-loader Set boot loader
bootrom Update/read/backup/restore bootrom
cd Change current directory
…
•Enter some keywords of a command and a question mark separated by a space to display
available keywords and arguments.
{Example 1: The question mark is in the place of a keyword, and the CLI displays all possible
keywords with a brief description for each keyword.
<Sysname> terminal ?
debugging Send debug information to terminal
logging Send log information to terminal
monitor Send information output to current terminal
trapping Send trap information to terminal
{Example 2: The question mark is in the place of an argument, and the CLI displays the
description of the argument.
<Sysname> system-view
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface ?
<1-4094> VLAN interface
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1 ?
<cr>
[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1
The string <cr> indicates that the command is complete, and you can press Enter to execute the
command.
•Enter an incomplete keyword string followed by a question mark to display all keywords starting
with the string. For example:
<Sysname> f?
fixdisk
format
free
ftp
<Sysname> display ftp?
ftp
ftp-server
ftp-user
5
Entering a command
When you enter a command, you can use some keys or hotkeys to edit the command line, or use
abbreviated keywords or keyword aliases.
Editing a command line
You can use the keys listed in Table 2 or the hotkeys listed in Table 3 to edit a command line.
Table 2 Keys for editing a command line
Ke
y
Function
Common keys If the edit buffer is not full, pressing a common key inserts the character at the
position of the cursor and moves the cursor to the right.
Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and moves the cursor back one
character.
Left arrow key or Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Right arrow key or Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Tab
If you press Tab after entering part of a keyword, the system automatically
completes the keyword:
•If a unique match is found, the system substitutes the complete keyword for
the incomplete one and displays what you entered in the next line.
•If there is more than one match, you can press Tab repeatedly to choose
the keyword you want to enter.
•If there is no match, the system does not modify what you entered but
displays it again in the next line.
Entering a STRING type value for an argument
Generally, a STRING type argument value can contain any printable character (in the ASCII code range
of 32 to 126) other than the question mark (?), quotation mark ("), backward slash (\), and space.
However, a specific STRING type argument might have more strict requirements. For example, the
domain name is of the STRING type. Invalid characters for it include the vertical bar (|), slash (/), colon
(:), asterisk (*), less-than sign (<), greater-than sign (>), and at sign (@), as well as the question mark (?),
quotation mark ("), backward slash (\), and space. For more information about the specific requirements
for a STRING type argument, see the relevant command reference.
<Sysname> system-view
[Sysname] domain ?
STRING<1-24> Domain name
Abbreviating commands
You can enter a command line quickly by entering incomplete keywords that can uniquely identify the
complete command. In user view, for example, commands starting with an sinclude startup
saved-configuration and system-view. To enter system view, you only need to enter sy. To set the
configuration file to be used at the next startup, you can enter st s.
You can also press Tab to have an incomplete keyword automatically completed.
6
Configuring and using command keyword aliases
The command keyword alias function allows you to replace the first keyword of a non-undo command or
the second keyword of an undo command with your preferred keyword when you execute the command.
For example, if you configure show as the alias for the display keyword, you can enter show to execute
a display command.
Usage guidelines
•After you successfully execute a command using a keyword alias, the system saves the keyword,
instead of its alias, to the running configuration.
•If you press Tab after entering part of an alias, the keyword is displayed.
•If a string you entered partially matches a keyword and an alias, the command indicated by the
alias is executed. To execute the command indicated by the keyword, enter the complete keyword.
•If a string you entered exactly matches a keyword but partially matches an alias, the command
indicated by the keyword is executed. To execute the command indicated by the alias, enter the
complete alias.
•If you enter a string that partially matches multiple aliases, the system gives you a prompt.
Configuration procedure
To configure a command keyword alias:
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable the command
keyword alias function. command-alias enable By default, the command keyword
alias function is disabled.
3. Configure a command
keyword alias.
command-alias mapping cmdkey
alias
By default, no command keyword
alias is configured.
You must enter the cmdkey and
alias arguments in their complete
form.
Configuring and using hotkeys
To facilitate CLI operation, the system defines some hotkeys and provides five configurable command
hotkeys. Pressing a command hotkey equals entering a command. For system-reserved hotkeys, see Table
3.
To configure hotkeys:
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
7
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
2. Configure hotkeys.
hotkey { CTRL_G | CTRL_L |
CTRL_O | CTRL_T | CTRL_U }
command
By default:
•Ctrl+G is assigned the display
current-configuration
command.
•Ctrl+L is assigned the display ip
routing-table command.
•Ctrl+O is assigned the undo
debugging all command.
•No command is assigned to
Ctrl+T or Ctrl+U.
3. Display hotkeys.
display hotkey [ | { begin |
exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Optional.
Available in any view. See Table 3
for hotkeys reserved by the system.
The hotkeys in Table 3 are defined by the device. If a hotkey is also defined by the terminal software that
you are using to interact with the device, the definition of the terminal software takes effect.
Table 3 Hotkeys reserved by the system
Hotke
y
Function
Ctrl+A Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.
Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Ctrl+C Stops the current command.
Ctrl+D Deletes the character at the cursor.
Ctrl+E Moves the cursor to the end of the line.
Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.
Ctrl+H Deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+K Aborts the connection request.
Ctrl+N Displays the next command in the command history buffer.
Ctrl+P Displays the previous command in the command history buffer.
Ctrl+R Redisplays the current line.
Ctrl+V Pastes text from the clipboard.
Ctrl+W Deletes the word to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+X Deletes all characters to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+Y Deletes all characters to the right of the cursor.
Ctrl+Z Returns to user view.
Ctrl+] Terminates an incoming connection or a redirect connection.
Esc+B Moves the cursor back one word.
Esc+D Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the word.
Esc+F Moves the cursor forward one word.
Esc+N Moves the cursor down one line. This hotkey is available before you press Enter.
8
Hotke
y
Function
Esc+P Moves the cursor up one line. This hotkey is available before you press Enter.
Esc+< Moves the cursor to the beginning of the clipboard.
Esc+> Moves the cursor to the ending of the clipboard.
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands
After you enable redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands:
•If you entered nothing at the command-line prompt before the system outputs system information
such as logs, the system does not display the command-line prompt after the output.
•If you entered some information (except Yes or No for confirmation), the system displays a line
break and then display what you have entered after the output.
To enable redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable redisplaying
entered-but-not-submitted
commands.
info-center synchronous
By default, this feature is disabled.
For more information about this
command, see Network
Management and Monitoring
Command Reference.
Understanding command-line error messages
If a command line fails the syntax check, the CLI displays error messages.
Table 4 Common command-line error messages
Error messa
g
e Cause
% Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
The keyword in the marked position is invalid.
% Incomplete command found at '^' position. One or more required keywords or arguments are
missing.
% Ambiguous command found at '^' position. The entered character sequence matches more than one
command.
Too many parameters The entered character sequence contains excessive
keywords or arguments.
% Wrong parameter found at '^' position. The argument in the marked position is invalid.
9
Using the command history function
The system can automatically save successfully executed commands to the command history buffer for
the current user interface. You can view them and execute them again, or set the maximum number of
commands that can be saved in the command history buffer.
A command is saved to the command history buffer in the exact format as it was entered. For example,
if you enter an incomplete command, the command saved in the command history buffer is also
incomplete; if you enter a command using a command keyword alias, the command saved in the
command history buffer also uses the alias.
If you enter a command in the same format multiple times in succession, the system buffers the command
only once. If you enter a command multiple times in different formats, the system buffers each command
format. For example, display cu and display current-configuration are buffered as two entries but
successive repetitions of display cu create only one entry in the buffer.
By default, the command history buffer can save up to 10 commands for each user. To set the capacity
of the command history buffer for the current user interface, use the history-command max-size
command.
Viewing history commands
You can use arrow keys to access history commands in Windows 200xand Windows XP Terminal or
Telnet. In Windows 9xHyperTerminal, the arrow keys are invalid, and you must use Ctrl+P and Ctrl+N
instead.
To view command history, use one of the following methods:
Task Command
Display all commands in the command history
buffer.
display history-command [ | { begin | exclude | include }
regular-expression ]
Display the previous history command. Up arrow key or Ctrl+P
Display the next history command. Down arrow key or Ctrl+N
Setting the command history buffer size for user interfaces
Ste
p
Command
Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter user interface view.
user-interface { first-num1
[ last-num1 ] | { aux | vty }
first-num2 [ last-num2 ] }
N/A
3. Set the maximum number of
commands that can be saved
in the command history
buffer.
history-command max-size
size-value
Optional.
By default, the command history
buffer can save up to 10
commands.
10
Controlling the CLI output
This section describes the CLI output control features that help you quickly identify the desired output.
Pausing between screens of output
If the output is too long to fit on one screen, the system automatically pauses after displaying a screen. By
default, up to 24 lines can be displayed on a screen. To change the screen length, use the screen-length
screen-length command. For more information about this command, see Fundamentals Command
Reference. To control output, use keys in Table 5.
Table 5 Keys for controlling output
Ke
y
s Function
Space Displays the next screen.
Enter Displays the next line.
Ctrl+C Stops the display and cancels the command execution.
<PageUp> Displays the previous page.
<PageDown> Displays the next page.
To display all output at one time and refresh the screen continuously until the last screen is displayed:
Task Command
Remarks
Disable pausing between screens
of output for the current session. screen-length disable
The default for a session depends on the setting
of the screen-length command in user interface
view. The default of the screen-length command
is pausing between screens of output and
displaying up to 24 lines on a screen.
This command is executed in user view, and
takes effect only for the current session. When
you log in again to the device, the default is
restored.
Filtering the output from a display command
You can use one of the following methods to filter the output from a display command:
•Specify the |{ begin | exclude | include } regular-expression option at the end of the command.
•When the system pauses after displaying a screen of output, enter a forward slash (/), minus sign
(-), or plus sign (+) plus a regular expression to filter subsequent output. The forward slash equals the
keyword begin, the minus sign equals the keyword exclude, and the plus sign equals the keyword
include.
The following definitions apply to the begin, exclude, and include keywords:
•begin—Displays the first line that matches the specified regular expression and all lines that follow.
•exclude—Displays all lines that do not match the specified regular expression.
•include—Displays all lines that match the specified regular expression.
11
A regular expression is a case-sensitive string of 1 to 256 characters that supports the special characters
in Table 6.
Table 6 Special characters supported in a regular expression
Character Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
^string Matches the beginning of a line. "^user" matches all lines beginning with "user". A
line beginning with "Auser" is not matched.
string$ Matches the end of a line. "user$" matches lines ending with "user". A line
ending with "userA" is not matched.
.
Matches any single character, such
as a single character, a special
character, and a blank.
".s" matches both "as" and "bs".
*
Matches the preceding character or
character group zero or multiple
times.
"zo*" matches "z" and "zoo", and "(zo)*" matches
"zo" and "zozo".
+
Matches the preceding character or
character group one or multiple
times
"zo+" matches "zo" and "zoo", but not "z".
| Matches the preceding or
succeeding character string
"def|int" only matches a character string
containing "def" or "int".
_
If it is at the beginning or the end of a
regular expression, it equals ^ or $.
In other cases, it equals comma,
space, round bracket, or curly
bracket.
"a_b" matches "a b" or "a(b"; "_ab" only matches
a line starting with "ab"; "ab_" only matches a line
ending with "ab".
-
It connects two values (the smaller
one before it and the bigger one
after it) to indicate a range together
with [ ].
"1-9" means 1 to 9 (inclusive); "a-h" means a to h
(inclusive).
[ ] Matches a single character
contained within the brackets.
[16A] matches a string containing any character
among 1, 6, and A; [1-36A] matches a string
containing any character among 1, 2, 3, 6, and A
(- is a hyphen).
To match the character "]", put it at the beginning of
a string within brackets, for example [ ]string]. There
is no such limit on "[".
( ) A character group. It is usually used
with "+" or "*".
(123A) means a character group "123A";
"408(12)+" matches 40812 or 408121212. But it
does not match 408.
\index
Repeats the character string
specified by the index. A character
string refers to the string within ()
before \. index refers to the
sequence number (starting from 1
from left to right) of the character
group before \. If only one character
group appears before \, index can
only be 1; if n character groups
appear before index, index can be
any integer from 1 to n.
(string)\1 repeats string, and a matching string must
contain stringstring. (string1)(string2)\2 repeats
string2, and a matching string must contain
string1string2string2. (string1)(string2)\1\2
repeats string1 and string2 respectively, and a
matching string must contain
string1string2string1string2.
12
Character Meanin
g
Exam
p
les
[^] Matches a single character not
contained within the brackets.
[^16A] means to match a string containing any
character except 1, 6 or A, and the matching string
can also contain 1, 6 or A, but cannot contain these
three characters only. For example, [^16A]
matches "abc" and "m16", but not 1, 16, or 16A.
\<string Matches a character string starting
with string. "\<do" matches word "domain" and string "doa".
string\> Matches a character string ending
with string. "do\>" matches word "undo" and string "abcdo".
\bcharacter2
Matches character1character2.
character1 can be any character
except number, letter or underline,
and \b equals [^A-Za-z0-9_].
"\ba" matches "-a" with "-" being character1, and
"a" being character2, but it does not match "2a" or
"ba".
\Bcharacter
Matches a string containing
character, and no space is allowed
before character.
"\Bt" matches "t" in "install", but not "t" in "big
top".
character1\w
Matches character1character2.
character2 must be a number, letter,
or underline, and \wequals
[A-Za-z0-9_].
"v\w" matches "vlan" ("v" is character1 and "l" is
character2)and "service" ( "i" is character2).
\W Equals \b.
"\Wa" matches "-a", with "-" being character1,
and "a" being character2, but does not match "2a"
or "ba".
\
Escape character. If a special
character listed in this table follows
\, the specific meaning of the
character is removed.
"\\" matches a string containing "\", "\^" matches
a string containing "^", and "\\b" matches a string
containing "\b".
The following are several regular expression examples:
# Use |begin user-interface in the display current-configuration command to match the first line of
output that contains user-interface to the last line of output.
<Sysname> display current-configuration | begin user-interface
user-interface aux 0
user-interface vty 0 15
authentication-mode none
user privilege level 3
#
return
# Use | exclude Direct in the display ip routing-table command to filter out direct routes and display only
the non-direct routes.
<Sysname> display ip routing-table | exclude Direct
Routing Tables: Public
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 192.168.0.0 Vlan1
13
# Use | include Vlan in the display ip routing-table command to filter in route entries that contain Vlan.
<Sysname> display ip routing-table | include Vlan
Routing Tables: Public
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.42 Vlan999
Configuring user privilege and command levels
To avoid unauthorized access, the device defines the user privilege levels and command levels in Table
7. User privilege levels correspond to command levels. A user who has been logged in with a specific
privilege level can use only the commands at that level or lower levels.
All commands are categorized into four levels: visit, monitor, system, and manage, and are identified
from low to high, respectively by 0 through 3.
Table 7 Command levels and user privilege levels
Level Privile
g
e
Default set of commands
0 Visit
Includes commands for network diagnosis and commands for accessing an external
device. Configuration of commands at this level cannot survive a device restart. Upon
device restart, the commands at this level are restored to the default settings.
Commands at this level include ping, tracert, telnet and ssh2.
1 Monitor
Includes commands for system maintenance and service fault diagnosis. Commands at
this level are not saved after being configured. After the device is restarted, the commands
at this level are restored to the default settings.
Commands at this level include debugging, terminal, refresh, and send.
2 System
Includes service configuration commands, including routing configuration commands and
commands for configuring services at different network levels.
By default, commands at this level include all configuration commands except for those at
manage level.
3 Manage
Includes commands that influence the basic operation of the system and commands for
configuring system support modules.
By default, commands at this level involve the configuration commands of file system, FTP,
TFTP download, user management, level setting, and parameter settings within a system,
which are not defined by any protocols or RFCs.
Configuring a user privilege level
If the authentication mode on a user interface is scheme, configure a user privilege level for the user
interface's users through the AAA module or directly on the user interface. For SSH users who use
public-key authentication, the user privilege level configured directly on the user interface always takes
effect. For other users, the user privilege level configured in the AAA module has priority over the one
configured directly on the user interface.
If the authentication mode on a user interface is none or password, configure the user privilege level
directly on the user interface.
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