Hydro Instruments TH-4000 User manual

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TH-4000 Turbidimeter
Operation and Maintenance Manual
TH-4000 Rev. 4/29/2022 v2
The information contained in this manual was current at the time of printing. The most current versions of all
Hydro Instruments manuals can be found on our website: www.hydroinstruments.com

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TH-4000
Turbidimeter
Operation Manual
Table of Contents
I. Introduction....................................................................................... 3
II. Operation of the TH-4000
A. Start up and Installation ................................................................ 4
B. Alarms and Output Signals ........................................................... 4
C. Operation Screens ........................................................................ 4
III. Configuration of Parameters
A. Entering Setup .............................................................................. 5
B. Configuring Each Channel ............................................................ 5
IV. Maintenance
A. Sensor Maintenance & Precaution................................................ 7
B. Sensor Cleaning............................................................................ 7
V. Troubleshooting
A. Installation Check.......................................................................... 7
B. Symptoms, Likely Causes, and Suggested Responses................ 7
VI. Optional Data Logger....................................................................... 8
Figures
1. Operation Mode Screens............................................................. 5
2. TH-4000 All Screens.................................................................... 6
3. TH-4000 Controller Electronics ................................................... 9
4. TH-4000 Circuit Board MB124 .................................................. 10
Drawings
TH-4000 Exploded View and Bill of Materials .................................. 11

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I. INTRODUCTION
The Hydro Instruments TH-4000 turbidimeter uses a pre-scaled inline sensor that measures
turbidity in water using a white LED as the excitation light source and by measuring the
scattered light at a 90-degree angle with respect to the excitation beam. The fluidic and
optical arrangement of the sensor is designed to overcome many shortcomings associated
with other inline turbidimeters. It can be easily inserted into the flow cell tee with a
compression fitting designed to ensure correct positioning of the Series sensor in the water
stream. The sensor has a short channel that can be easily cleaned and calibrated.
Specifications
Specifications TSH-10 TSH-100 TSH-1K TSH-10K
Turbidity Range: 0-10 NTU 0-100 NTU 0-1,000 NTU 0-10,000 NTU
Resolution: 0.05 NTU 0.10 NTU 1.00 NTU 10.0 NTU
Accuracy: ± 2% NTU
Method: Nephelometric, with white LED and IR LED (860 nm) light sources
Calibration: Two-point calibration against standard solution
Sensor Body Material: CPVC
Temperature Limits: 40–120 °F (4–49 °C)
Max. Pressure: 100 PSI (6.9 bar)
Sample Flow Min. = No minimum
Max. = Maximum carrying capacity of the sample line.

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II. OPERATION OF THE TH-4000
A. Start Up and Installation
1. The TH-4000 will accept any single phase A/C power in the range of 110 to 240 VAC at
50 to 60 Hz. When connecting A/C power to the instrument, it is imperative that the A/C
source be well grounded. Insufficient A/C grounding will disrupt proper operation of the
instrument.
2. Sensor Monitor Communication: Each monitor can have up to two sensors
connected. The sensor is 24VDC loop powered by the monitor and the sensor provides
a 4-20mA signals to the monitor.
3. Clean Lines: Ensure that all sample lines are flushed out and clean before feeding
sample water to the Turbidimeter.
4. Sensor Protection: The sensor should not be exposed directly to extreme
temperatures or weather conditions.
5. Sensor Start Up: Ensure that the sensor head is clean and allow a few minutes for the
reading to stabilize.
6. Calibration: The Model TH-4000 Turbidimeters can be calibrated with standard
turbidity fluids. The standard can be poured directly into the flow cell for calibration.
7. LED Indicators: The red alarm indicator LED on the front panel will illuminate as long
as an alarm condition is present.
B. Alarms and Output Signals
1. Acknowledgement of Alarms: If an alarm condition occurs, the alarm (red) LED will
illuminate and the relay will be activated. To acknowledge an alarm (and thereby de-
activate the relay contact output) press the key.
NOTE: Even after acknowledging the alarm the red LED will remain illuminated until the
alarm condition has been removed.
2. 4-20 mA output channels: The turbidity sensor has two dedicated 4-20 mA output
channels. See Figure 4. AO1 is for channel 1 and AO2 is for channel 2.
3. Alarm Relay: The TH-4000 has two alarm relay outputs. These are SPDT, non-
powered relays. See Figure 4. Relay 1 (NO1/CO1/NC1) is for channel 1 and relay 2
(NO2/CO2/NC2) is for channel 2.
C. Operation Screens
This section explains the features of the standard operating screens of the TH-4000.
NOTE: Navigate between the display screens below using the and keys.
1. Home Screen: This screen displays the gas type and reading of the sensor(s).
2. Status Screen: This screen shows all present alarm conditions.
3. Password Screen: See Section II.A for instructions on this screen and the
configuration section.

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FIGURE 1
TH-4000 Operation Mode Screens
Status messages
1. Normal: Indicates that the sensor reading is above 2 mA and below the high alarm set
point.
2. Alarm: Indicates that the sensor reading exceeds the high alarm setting. (Meaning that
if the alarm setting is at 10.0 NTU, then status will be “Alarm” if the reading is 10.0 NTU or
higher.)
3. Error: Indicates that the sensor signal is below 2 mA and usually indicates that the sen-
sor is
either damaged or not connected.
III. CONFIGURATION OF PARAMETERS
Configuration of Sensor Parameters & Calibration of Sensors
Each TH-4000 Turbidimeter will be set up from the factory as per the ordering instructions. How-
ever, settings and sensors can be changed using the following procedure.
A. Entering Setup: All parameters are set in the password protected setup section.
1. Press the
key until the password screen is reached.
2. Use the
and keys to set the password. The password is “40”.
3. Press the
key.
B. Configuring Each Channel
See Figure 2. The selected channel will flash. Move between the channels with the
and keys. When the desired channel is flashing, press the key to enter setup for that
channel. Setup for each channel is identical.
Turb1 = 5.00 NTU
Alarm Status
Normal
Enter Password
0
T1Z 0.00NTU 4.00mA
T1S 10.00NTU 20.00mA
HOLDHOLDHOLD
T2Z 0.00NTU 4.00mA
T2S 10.00NTU 20.00mA
T1 A=1.00 B=0.00
T2 A=1.00 B=0.00
T1 5.00NTU 12.00mA
T2 0.00NTU 0.00mA
Screens shown with grey border are
hidden screens,
accessed by holding
at main operation screen.
Screens shown with grey border are
hidden screens,
accessed by holding
at main operation screen.

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FIGURE 2: TH-4000 All Screens
Turb1 = 0.74 NTU
Alarm Status
Normal
Enter Password
40
Setup: Turb 1 DL
Turb 2 Alm
Screens shown with grey border are
hidden screens,
accessed by holding -
at a “High Alarm” screen.
Screens shown with grey border are
hidden screens,
accessed by holding -
at a “High Alarm” screen.
Setup: Turb 1 DL
Turb 2 Alm
Setup: Turb 1 DL
Turb 2 Alm
Setup: Turb 1 DL
Turb 2 Alm
Non-Latching
Latching
Alarm Mode
Non-Latching
Turbidity 1
On
On
Off
Turb 1 Decimal Posn
00.00 00000
000.0
00.00
0.000
Turbidity 2
On
Turb 2 Decimal Posn
00000
Turb 1 Full Scale
10.00 NTU
Turb 2 Full Scale
1000 NTU
Turb 1 High Alarm
4.00 NTU
Turb 1 Avg Filter
30 secs
Turb 2 High Alarm
250 NTU
Turb 2 Avg Filter
30 secs
HOLDHOLDHOLD
Modbus Baud=19200
Node= 1 Data=8/N/1
Modbus Baud=19200
Node= 1 Data=8/N/1
Modbus Baud=19200
Node= 1 Data=8/N/1
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
57600
115200
250000
8/N/1
8/N/2
8/E/1
8/O/1
HOLDHOLDHOLD
Turb 1 Zero Cal?
Skip Hold/Begin
Turb 1 Zero Cal?
Skip Hold/Begin
Turb 1 Span Cal?
Skip Hold/Begin
Turb 1 Zero Cal
0.00 NTU
Turb 1 Span Cal?
Skip Hold/Begin
Turb 1 Span Cal
50.00 NTU
Turb 2 Zero Cal?
Skip Hold/Begin
Turb 2 Zero Cal?
Skip Hold/Begin
Turb 2 Span Cal?
Skip Hold/Begin
Turb 2 Zero Cal
0.00 NTU
Turb 2 Span Cal?
Skip Hold/Begin
Turb 2 Span Cal
50.00 NTU
AO1 Cal: 4mA=790
20mA=3989
AO1 Cal: 4mA=790
20mA=3989
AO2 Cal: 4mA=790
20mA=3989
AO2 Cal: 4mA=796
20mA=3999
On
Off
Alarm Mode
Delay Time 5 secs
Alarm Mode
Delay Time 5 secs
Data Logger = On
HOLDHOLDHOLD

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IV.MAINTENANCE
A. Sensor Maintenance
The turbidity sensor is designed to be easily removed, inspected, and cleaned when
required. It is recommended that the turbidity sensor be checked for fouling and cleaned
on a monthly basis. Heavily contaminated water may require more frequent cleanings.
Cleaner water sources with less contamination may not require cleaning for several
months.
B. Sensor Cleaning
Any equipment in contact with water treatment systems is subject to potential fouling and
contaminants. Sensors can be cleaned using cleaning solutions. A small, soft bristle
brush, Q-Tips cotton swab, or soft cloth may be used to safely clean the sensor housing
and the optical sensor channel.
To clean the sensor, soak the lower half of the sensor in 100 mL sensor cleaning solution
for 30 minutes. Rinse the sensor with distilled water and then check for the flashing blue
light inside the optical sensor channel. If the surface is not entirely clean, continue to
soak the sensor for an additional 30 minutes. Use a small, soft bristle brush and Q-Tips
cotton swabs as necessary to remove any remaining buildup in the sensors optical sensor
channel.
V. TROUBLESHOOTING
A. Installation Check – Review the following points first.
Sensor Installation: Check that the sensor head and flow cell are clean. Check that the
sensor is properly installed in the flow cell and that water is flowing.
B. Symptoms, Likely Causes, and Suggested Responses
1. Filter Time: If the displayed reading is not stable, then the filter time can be increased
to eliminate this oscillation.
2. Span Calibration: If the span calibration is performed incorrectly, then this will cause
the readings to be inaccurate. Unless you intend to perform the span calibration, do not
touch the
and keys if you enter the span calibration screen.
3. Sensor Wiring: If the display is reading zero and giving an “Alarm Status: Error”
message, then the sensor may not be connected to the monitor. Check the wiring at the
circuit board in the monitor and inside the sensor enclosure.
4. Sensor Replacement: If the sensor is not putting out signals in the range of 4-20mA
on channels 1 and 2, then it may be damaged and require replacement. Contact Hydro
Instruments or your local sales representative.
5. 4-20 mA Output Calibration: It is possible that somebody could enter the 4-20mA
output calibration screens and change the values without understanding their meaning.
This will cause the output 4-20mA signals to be inaccurate.

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6. Damaged Circuit Board: The circuit boards can be damaged if high voltage is
connected to the wrong terminals, by lightning, other power surges, or by corrosion. If
you believe that the circuit board is damaged, then contact the factory and your local
sales representative.
7. Damaged Power Supply Board: The power supply board accepts AC power (110-240
V at 50-60 Hz) and provides 24 VDC power to the main circuit board. If the main circuit
board does not have power, then check the DC voltage on the output pins of the power
supply board. If it has A/C power coming in, but is not putting out 24 VDC, then it either
has a blown fuse or is damaged and requires replacement.
8. Blown Fuse: If the power supply board is not putting out 24 VDC, then always check to
see if the fuse is blown and replace if necessary.
IV. OPTIONAL DATA LOGGER
1. Description: When enabled in the software, the data logger records the measured NTU of
each attached turbidity sensor at a selectable frequency. This data is recorded on the Micro
SDHC memory card and can be retrieved using any text-reading program. The Micro SDHC
memory card is installed in the slot on the MB220 board as indicated on Figure 3 of this
manual. To use the data logger the controller must be provided with the MJ500 Real-Time
Clock board (which mounts directly on the MB220 board as shown on Figure 3).
2. Operation: To enable, enter the configuration menu on the monitor and select the option
“DL”. The first menu option that appears will be the On/Offmenu. The menus which follow
allow for adjustment of the data logger frequency and for changes to the clock (date and
time). See figure 2.
a. Frequency: The frequency is the time interval between data recordings. The fre-
quency is adjustable in seconds, with a minimum setting of 5 seconds.
b. Data Logger Clock: The clock is factory-set before shipment. However, because
the clock is set on Eastern Standard time it may be necessary to change the date and
time upon start-up.
3. Stored Data Files: The data will be written to text files on the Micro SDHC memory card.
The formatting and handling of these files is as described below:
a. File Format: The following is an example data file to illustrate the format used. As
you can see, there is a three line header for each file. The fourth and fifth lines are
headers for the data. You will see that each header and data entry is delimited by a
comma.
b. File Name: Each data file will be named according to the date on which it was
created. For example if created on May 24, 2022, the file name would be May24_22.txt
i. If the Micro SDHC memory card already has a file started earlier on the same day,
then data will be written onto the existing file.
ii. The text files are limited to 5 MB. Once this limit has been reached, a new file will
automatically be created to allow data to continue to be written.

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c. Importing data into Excel: The data files can be imported into Excel as follows:
NOTE: This assumes use of Excel 2007 version.
i. Select the “Data” tab.
ii. Among the “Get External Data” tabs on the toolbar, select “From Text”
iii. A pop up window will appear allowing you to search for and select the data file that
you wish to import. After you have selected the file, click on “IMPORT”.
iv. Another pop up window “Text Import Wizard – Step 1 of 3” will then appear.
1. Here under “Original Data Type” you must select “Delimited”.
2. Lower down you are asked to select “Start import at row:___”. In order to eliminate
the 3 line file header, you can select “4” here to start the data import on row 4 of
the file.
3. Then click “Next”.
v. On the next pop up window “Text Import Wizard – Step 2 of 3” you need to select
the type of delimiter being used in the data file. The data entries in these files are
delimited by commas and so you must select “Comma”. After selecting Comma and
only Comma, then click “Next”.
vi. On the next pop up window “Text Import Wizard – Step 3 of 3” you can accept the
“Column data format” setting of “General” and then click “Finish”.
TABLE 1: TH-4000 Data Log File Example
Date Time Turb1 Turb2
MM/DD/YEAR HH:MM:SS NTU NTU
05/24/2016 11:25:06 10.1 328.0
05/24/2016 11:26:06 10.1 328.0
05/24/2016 11:27:06 10.7 327.8
05/24/2016 11:28:06 11.3 327.6
05/24/2016 11:29:06 11.4 326.0

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FIGURE 3: TH-4000 Controller Electronics
Date: 2022-04-29-v1 Dwg. No.: TH-4000- CONTROLLER
TH-4000 CONTROLLER
MB124
Board
For 120VAC
or 240VAC
Power Cable
(Connect at
Terminal Block
Ribbon Cable
from MB220
Power
Switch
AC Power
Terminal
Block
Cable to
Turbidity
Probe
Micro SDHC
Card Slot
Ribbon Cable
from Membrane Switch
MB220
Display Board
MJ500
Real Time Clock
Modbus
Terminals
V+ A B V-
AC
Power Inlet
Power Supply
Board 24VDC
Power Output

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Date: 2022-04-20-v1 Dwg. No.: TH-4000-PCBTH-4000 CIRCUIT BOARD MB124
MB124 “2IN / 2OUT / 2RELAY” BOARD
MB124
V+
V-
AI2
V-
AI1
V+ V+
AO1
V-
AO2 CO1 NO1
Relay 1 (NC1 – Normally Closed) (CO1 – Common) (NO1 – Normally Open)
NC1
CO2 NO2
Relay 2 (NC2 – Normally Closed) (CO2 – Common) (NO2 – Normally Open)
NC2
Analog Output 1 & 2 (AO1 / V-) (AO2 / V-) Turbidity Sensor (White – AI1) (Red – V+) (Green & Black – V-)
FIGURE 4: TH-4000 Circuit Board MB124

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Date: 2022-04-18-v2
EXPLODED VIEW & BOM
Dwg. No. THC-4000-T
TURBIDIMETER
FLOW TEE & SENSOR HOLDER
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Item Part
No. Description Quantity No.
1 Probe Nut 1 TFC-PN-1
2 Turbidity Sensor 1 See Table
3 O-Ring 1 TFC-BOD-OR
4 Flow Tee Body, ³»๞" 1 TFC-BOD-1
5 O-Ring 2 TFC-UE-OR
6 Flow Tee Union End 2 TFC-UE
7 Flow Tee Union Nut 2 TFC-UN
8 Tubing Connector 2 10-6-4
Turbidity Sensor No. Range
TSH-10 0-10 NTU
TSH-100 0-100 NTU
TSH-1K 0-1,000 NTU
TSH-10K 0-10,000 NTU