ICP DAS USA PCI-82x Series User manual

PCI-82x Series Cards
User Manual
Multifunction Boards Version 1.5, Jan. 2017
SUPPORTS
This manual relates to the following Boards: PCI-822LU and PCI-826LU.
WARRANTY
All products manufactured by ICP DAS are warranted against defective materials
for a period of one year from the date of delivery to the original purchaser.
WARNING
ICP DAS assumes no liability for damages consequent to the use of this product.
ICP DAS reserves the right to change this manual at any time without notice. The
information furnished by ICP DAS is believed to be accurate and reliable. However,
no responsibility is assumed by ICP DAS for its use, nor for any infringements of
patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2014 by ICP DAS. All rights are reserved.
TRADEMARK
Names are used for identification purposes only and may be registered
trademarks of their respective companies.
CONTACT US
If you have any questions, feel tree to contact us by email at:
[email protected]om, service.icpd[email protected]
We will respond to you within 2 working days.

PCI-82x Series Cards
Multifunction Boards
User Manual, Ver. 1.5, Jan. 2017, PMH-024-15, Page: 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PACKING LIST ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
RELATED INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................... 5
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 FEATURES ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.3 SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 APPLICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
2HARDWARE CONFIGURATION...........................................................................................................................10
2.1 LAYOUT .............................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2 JUMPER SETTINGS ............................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.1 JP1 (Analog Input Type)............................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.2 JP6/JP7 (Analog Output Range) .................................................................................................................. 11
2.2.3 JP3/JP5 (Analog Output Type) ..................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.4 JP4 (Digital I/O Mode)................................................................................................................................. 12
2.2.5 JP8 (Digital Input Pull-high/low) ................................................................................................................. 13
2.3 CARD ID SWITCH ................................................................................................................................................ 14
2.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................................................................................................................. 15
2.5 ANALOG INPUT SIGNAL CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................................... 16
2.6 PIN ASSIGNMENTS............................................................................................................................................... 21
3HARDWARE INSTALLATION ...............................................................................................................................22
4SOFTWARE INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................26
4.1 OBTAINING THE DRIVER INSTALLATION PACKAGE ......................................................................................................... 26
4.2 PLUG AND PLAY DRIVER INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................... 29
4.3 VERIFYING THE INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................. 31
4.3.1 Accessing Windows Device Manager ............................................................................................................... 31
4.3.2 Check the Installation ....................................................................................................................................... 34
5TESTING THE PCI-822/826 SERIES CARD .............................................................................................................35
5.1 SELF-TEST WIRING .............................................................................................................................................. 35
5.1.1 Digital Input/Output Test Wiring ...................................................................................................................... 35
5.1.2 Analog Input/Output Test Wiring ..................................................................................................................... 36
5.2 EXECUTE THE TEST PROGRAM................................................................................................................................ 37

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6I/O CONTROL REGISTERS ..................................................................................................................................41
6.1 DETERMINING THE I/O ADDRESS ........................................................................................................................... 41
6.2 I/O ADDRESS MAPPING ....................................................................................................................................... 43
6.3 BAR 1: DIGITAL I/O REGISTERS .............................................................................................................................. 44
6.3.1 Read/Write 16-bit Data for Port A/B........................................................................................................... 44
6.3.2 Read/Write I/O Port Selection ..................................................................................................................... 44
6.3.3 Read the Card ID (SW1) and the DI/O Jumper (JP4) Settings ...................................................................... 45
6.4 BAR 2: ANALOG OUTPUT REGISTERS....................................................................................................................... 46
6.4.1 Read/Write 16-bit D/A Data........................................................................................................................ 46
6.4.2 Read/Write Analog Output Channel Selection ............................................................................................ 46
6.4.3 Enable/Disable an Analog Output Channel................................................................................................. 47
6.5 BAR 3: ANALOG INPUT REGISTERS.......................................................................................................................... 48
6.5.1 Read/Write the A/D Polling Configuration .................................................................................................. 48
6.5.2 Write the AI Software Trigger ..................................................................................................................... 50
6.5.3 Read the FIFO Data ..................................................................................................................................... 50
6.5.4 Read/Write AI Pacer Sampling Rate............................................................................................................ 50
6.5.5 Read/Write MagicScan Counter Value ........................................................................................................ 51
6.5.6 Write AI Pacer Configuration....................................................................................................................... 51
6.5.7 Read the Status of the FIFO/JP1/ADC.......................................................................................................... 54
6.5.8 Read/Write the Base Frequency and the MagicScan Control Settings........................................................ 54
6.5.9 Start/Stop MagicScan ................................................................................................................................. 56
6.5.10 Clear the Interrupt and External Trigger................................................................................................. 56
6.5.11 Read/Write the Interrupt Control/Status................................................................................................ 56
7CALIBRATION ....................................................................................................................................................61
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................................................................................64
A1. DOS LIBRARY FUNCTION DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................. 64
A1-1: Error Code Definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 64
A1-2: Driver Functions ............................................................................................................................................... 65
PCI82X_DriverInit ...................................................................................................................................................... 65
PCI82X_DriverClose ................................................................................................................................................... 65
PCI82X_GetConfigAddressSpace ............................................................................................................................... 66
A1-3: Digital I/O Functions ........................................................................................................................................ 68
PCI82X_SetDIOMode32 ............................................................................................................................................. 68
PCI82X_WriteDO ....................................................................................................................................................... 69
PCI82X_ReadDI.......................................................................................................................................................... 70
A1-4: Analog Output Functions ................................................................................................................................. 71
PCI82X_WriteAO........................................................................................................................................................ 71

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PCI82X_WriteAOH ..................................................................................................................................................... 72
A1-5: Analog Input Functions .................................................................................................................................... 73
PCI82X_PollingAI ....................................................................................................................................................... 73
PCI82X_PollingAIH..................................................................................................................................................... 74
PCI82X_StartAI .......................................................................................................................................................... 75
PCI82X_StartAIScan................................................................................................................................................... 76
PCI82X_GetAIBuffer................................................................................................................................................... 78
PCI82X_GetAIBufferH ................................................................................................................................................ 78
PCI82X_StopAI ........................................................................................................................................................... 79
A2. DAUGHTERBOARDS........................................................................................................................................................ 80
DB-37......................................................................................................................................................................... 80
DN-37 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 80
DB-16P Isolated Digital Input Daughterboard........................................................................................................... 81
DB-16R Relay Output Daughterboard ....................................................................................................................... 82

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Multifunction Boards
User Manual, Ver. 1.5, Jan. 2017, PMH-024-15, Page: 5
Packing List
The shipping package includes the following items:
One of the following multi-function
cards:
Note:
If any of these items is missing or
damaged, contact the dealer from
whom you purchased the product.
Save the shipping materials and carton
in case you need to ship or store the
product in the future.
PCI-822LU
PCI-826LU
One CA-4002 D-Sub connector
One printed Quick Start Guide
One software utility CD
Related Information
Product Page for the PCI-826LU:
http://www.icpdas.com/root/product/solutions/pc_based_io_board/pci/pci-826lu.html
Product Page for the PCI-822LU:
http://www.icpdas.com/root/product/solutions/pc_based_io_board/pci/pci-822lu.html
Hardware Manual, Datasheet and Quick Start Guide:
More information related to PCI-822/826 Series cards can be found in the \NAPDOS\PCI\PCI-82x\Manual\
folder on the companion CD, or can be downloaded from:
http://ftp.icpdas.com/pub/cd/iocard/pci/napdos/pci/pci-82x/manual/
Documentation and Software for the UniDAQ SDK:
More information related to UniDAQ SDK can be found in the \NAPDOS\PCI\UniDAQ\ folder on the
companion CD, or can be downloaded from:
http://ftp.icpdas.com/pub/cd/iocard/pci/napdos/pci/unidaq/

PCI-82x Series Cards
Multifunction Boards
User Manual, Ver. 1.5, Jan. 2017, PMH-024-15, Page: 6
1. Introduction
The PCI-822/826 Series cards provide 32/16-channel 12-bit (16-bit) Analog Input with a sampling rate
of up to 250 kSamples/second, and 2-channel 16-bit Analog Output with 32-channel programmable
Digital Input/Output.
1.1 Overview
The PCI-822/826 Series are high-performance multifunction cards that provide high-speed Analog
and Digital I/O functions. PCI-822/826 Series cards use a Universal PCI interface that supports both
the 3.3 V and the 5 V PCI bus. These cards feature a continuous, 250 kSamples/second, 12-bit
(16-bit) resolution A/D converter, an 8 k-Sample hardware FIFO, a 2-channel, 16-bit D/A converter,
and a 32-channel programmable Digital Input/Output and Digital Output readback. The PCI-822/826
LU provides either 32-channel single-ended or 16-channel differential Analog Input that is jumper
selectable, while the PCI-826LU is equipped with a high-speed PGA (Programmable Gain Amplifier)
featuring programmable gain controls (1, 2, 4 and 8).
PCI-822/826 Series cards contain an embedded Card ID switch and onboard pull-high/pull-low
resistors for the Digital Input, meaning that a unique ID number can be set for each card so that can
each card can be individually recognized when two or more PCI-822/826 Series cards are used in a
computer at the same time. The pull-high/pull-low resistors allow the status of the Digital Input to
be specified, meaning that when the Digital Input channels are disconnected, the status of the
Digital Input will remain as either high or low and will not be set to floating.
PCI-822/826 Series cards provide both a programmable software trigger and a pacer trigger, and
include an A/D channel scan function called MagicScan. The MagicScan controller eliminates the
majority of the effort required to acquire the A/D values, such as selecting the channel, setting the
Gain values and the settling time, triggering the ADC, and acquiring the data. Using the built-in
MagicScan and the interrupt features, these complex tasks are effectively offloaded from the CPU.
Even in channel scan mode, a different Gain code can be used for each channel, and the sampling
rate can still achieve a total of 250 kS/s, making the PCI-822/826 Series well-suited to the demands
of high-end applications.

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Multifunction Boards
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1.2 Features
The following is an overview of the general features that apply to both the PCI-822 and PCI-826
Series cards. See Section 1.3for more detailed specifications.
1. General
Bus : Universal PCI
2. Analog Input (A/D)
One 12-bit A/D converter with a maximum sample rate of 250 kSsamples/second (PCI-822LU)
One 16-bit A/D converter with a maximum sample rate of 250 kSamples/second (PCI-826LU)
32 single-ended or 16 differential programmable input channels (PCI-822LU/PCI-826LU)
Three different A/D trigger methods
Three different external trigger methods
Programmable Gain control
Programmable offset control
3. Analog Output (D/A)
One D/A converter
2-channel 16-bit voltage output
Voltage Output Range: ± 10 V, ± 5 V, 0 to +10 V, 0 to +5 V
4. Digital Input/Output (DI/O)
32-bit programmable DI/O
High-speed data transfer rate
Pull-high/low function on Digital Input
Digital Output readback function

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Multifunction Boards
User Manual, Ver. 1.5, Jan. 2017, PMH-024-15, Page: 8
1.3 Specifications
Model
PCI-822LU
PCI-826LU
Analog Input
Channels
32 single-ended/16 differential
A/D Converter
12-bit, 8 µs conversion time
16-bit, 8 µs conversion time
Sampling Rate
250 kS/s (Max.)
FIFO Size
8192 samples
Over voltage Protection
Continuous ± 35 Vp-p
Input Impedance
10,000 MΩ/4pF
Trigger Modes
Software, Pacer
Data Transfer
Polling, Interrupt
Accuracy
0.1 % of FSR ± 1 LSB @ 25°C, ± 10 V
0.05 % of FSR ± 1 LSB @ 25 °C, ± 10 V
Input Range
Gain: 1, 2, 4, 8
Bipolar (V): ± 10, ± 5, ± 2.5, ± 1.25
Zero Drift
15 ppm/°C of FSR
Analog Output
Channels
2
Resolution
16-bit
Accuracy
± 6 LSB
Output Range
-5 V ~ +5 V , -10 V ~ +10 V
0 ~ +10 V, 0 ~ +5 V
Output Driving
± 5 mA
Slew Rate
8.33 V/µs
Output Impedance
0.1 Ω Max.
Operating Mode
Software
Programmable I/O
Channels
32
Digital Input
Compatibility
5 V/TTL
Input Voltage
Logic 0: 0.8 V (Max.)
Logic 1: 2.0 V (Min.)
Pull High/Low
Yes
Response Speed
1.0 MHz (Typical)

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Multifunction Boards
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Digital Output
Compatibility
5 V/TTL
Output Voltage
Logic 0: 0.4 V (Max.)
Logic 1: 2.4 V (Min.)
Output Capability
Sink: 0.8 mA @ 0.8 V
Source: -2.4 mA @ 2.0 V
DO Readback
Yes
Response Speed
1.0 MHz (Typical)
General
Bus Type
3.3 V/5 V Universal PCI, 32-bit
Data Bus
16-bit
Card ID
Yes (4-bit)
I/O Connector
Female DB37 x 1
20-pin box header x 2
Dimensions (L x W x D)
169 mm x 105 mm x 22 mm
Power Consumption
1 A @ +5 V max.
Operating Temperature
0 ~ 60 °C
Storage Temperature
-20 ~ 70 °C
Humidity
5 ~ 85% RH, Non-condensing
1.4 Applications
Signal Analysis
FFT and Frequency Analysis
Transient Analysis
Temperature Monitoring
Vibration Analysis
Energy Management
Other industrial and laboratory measurements and control

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Multifunction Boards
User Manual, Ver. 1.5, Jan. 2017, PMH-024-15, Page: 10
2Hardware Configuration
This section provides details of the hardware configuration for the PCI-822/826 Series cards,
including the layout of the individual cards, the Jumper positions, and the pin assignments, etc.
2.1 Layout
Jumper
Purpose
Comment
JP1
Analog Input Type Configuration
Refer to Section 2.2.1
JP6, JP7
Analog Output Range Configuration
Refer to Section 2.2.2
JP3, JP5
Analog Output Type Configuration
Refer to Section 2.2.3
JP4
Digital Input/Output Mode Configuration
Refer to Section 2.2.4
JP8
Digital Input Pull-high/low Configuration
Refer to Section 2.2.5
SW1
Card ID Configuration
Refer to Section 2.3
CON1
The terminal for Port B
Refer to Section 2.6 for more
detailed information about the pin
assignments.
CON2
The terminal for Port A
CON3
The terminal for Analog Input/Output

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Multifunction Boards
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2.2 Jumper Settings
PCI-822/826 Series cards include a number of jumpers that can be used to configure features such as
the Analog Input/Output Type, the Analog Output Range, and the Digital Input/Output mode, etc.
each of which is described in more detail below.
2.2.1 JP1 (Analog Input Type)
Jumper JP1 is used to configure the Analog Input type as either single-ended or differential. To
configure single-ended input, connect pin1 to pin 3 and pin 2 to pin 4, as illustrated in the diagram
below. The default configuration is single-ended.
Jumper
Single-ended Input
(Default)
Differential Input
JP1
5 6
SE 2
4
1
3
DIFF
5
21
3
6
4
SE
DIFF
2.2.2 JP6/JP7 (Analog Output Range)
Jumpers JP6 and JP7 are used to configure the output range for Analog Output channel 0 and 1,
respectively. Connecting pins 1 and 2 sets the output range to -10 V to +10 V or 0 to +10 V, while
connecting pins 2 and 3 sets the output range to -5 V to +5 V or 0 to +5 V. The default configuration
is ± 10 V.
Jumper
± 10 V or 0 to +10 V
(Default)
± 5 V or 0 to +5 V
JP6 (D/A CH0)
JP7 (D/A CH1)
1
10 V 32 5 V
15 V 32
10 V

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Multifunction Boards
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2.2.3 JP3/JP5 (Analog Output Type)
Jumpers JP3 and JP5 are used to select the Analog output type. Connecting pins 1 and 2 sets the
output type to Bipolar, while connecting pins 2 and 3 sets the output type to Unipolar. The default
configuration is Bipolar.
Jumper
Bipolar
(Default)
Unipolar
JP3 (D/A CH0)
JP5 (D/A CH1)
1
BI 32 UNI
1UNI 32
BI
2.2.4 JP4 (Digital I/O Mode)
The JP4 Jumper block is used to configure the Digital Input/Output mode as either Jumper
Selectable or Software Programmable Mode. Connecting pins 1 and 2 of DIO-S0 sets the DI/O
mode to Jumper Selectable Mode, while connecting pins 2 and 3 sets the DI/O mode to Software
Programmable Mode. The default configuration is Jumper Selectable Mode.
Jumper
Jumper Selectable
(Default)
Software Programmable
DIO-S0
1
Jump 32 Soft
1Soft 32
Jump
Software Programmable Mode:
Refer to “Section 6.3 Bar1: Digital I/O Registers”for details of how to configure Port A (PA) and Port
B (PB) when the jumpers for DIO-S0 is set to Software Programmable Mode. The jumpers for DIO-S1
and DIO-S2 are not used when the DIO-S0 is set to Software Programmable Mode.

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Multifunction Boards
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Jumper Selectable Mode:
DIO-S1 (Port A, PA) and DIO-S2 (Port B, PB) are used to configure the I/O ports as either Digital Input
(connect pins 1 and 2) or Digital Output (connect pins 2 and 3), when the jumper for DIO-S0 is set to
Jumper Selectable Mode. The default configuration is Digital Input.
Jumper
DIO-S0 is Jumper Selectable Mode
DI
(Default)
DO
DIO-S1 (Port A)
DIO-S2 (Port B)
12 3
12 3
2.2.5 JP8 (Digital Input Pull-high/low)
Jumper JP8 is used to set the Digital Input to either Pull-high or Pull-low, which allows the status of
the Digital Input to be predefined instead of remaining floating if the Digital Input channels are
disconnected or interrupted. Connecting pins 1 and 2 will set the Digital Input to Pull-high. To set
the Digital Input to Pull-low, pins 2 and 3 should be shorted. The default connected is Pull-low.
Jumper
Pull-low
(Default)
Pull-high
JP8
1
3
2
5 V
GND
1
3
2
5 V
GND

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Multifunction Boards
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2.3 Card ID Switch
PCI-822/826 Series cards include an onboard Card ID DIP Switch (SW1) that enables the card to be
recognized via software if two or more PCI-822/826 Series cards are installed in the same computer.
The default Card ID is 0x0 in hexadecimal format. For more detailed information regarding the
positions of the SW1 DIP Switch for the different Card ID settings, refer to the table below.
(Default Settings)
Card ID (Hex)
1
ID0
2
ID1
3
ID2
4
ID3
(*) 0x0
ON
ON
ON
ON
0x1
OFF
ON
ON
ON
0x2
ON
OFF
ON
ON
0x3
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
0x4
ON
ON
OFF
ON
0x5
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
0x6
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
0x7
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
0x8
ON
ON
ON
OFF
0x9
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
0xA
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
0xB
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
0xC
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
0xD
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
0xE
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
0xF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
(*) Default Settings; ON = 0; OFF = 1
NO
1 2 3 4
ID 0
ID 1
ID 2 ID 3
SW1

PCI-82x Series Cards
Multifunction Boards
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2.4 Block Diagram
The following is an illustration of the System Function Block for PCI-822/826 Series cards:
PCI Bus
D/I D/O Timer A/D
Buffer
A/D
Converter
A/D
Trigger
Logic
Multiplexers
Gain Amp
Scale Adj.
PCI Interface
Controller
Interrupt
Controller
NVRAM
Dispatch
Controller
External Trigger
Data
Adr

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Multifunction Boards
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2.5 Analog Input Signal Connections
PCI-822/826 Series cards can be used to measure either single-ended or differential type Analog
Input signals. Although certain signals can be measured using either mode, other signals, however,
can only be measured in one mode or the other. The most suitable mode for the measurement
must be determined beforehand, and is totally dependent on the prevailing measurement
conditions.
In general, there are four different methods that can be used for connecting Analog Input signals, as
shown below in Figures 2.5-1 to 2.5-5. The connection method illustrated in Figure 2.5-1 is more
suitable for grounding source Analog Input signals. The connection method depicted in Figure 2.5-3
is used to measure more channels than the method shown in Figure 2.5-1, but it is only suitable for
large Analog Input signals. The connection method shown in Figure 2.5-4 is suitable for
thermocouple input signals, while the connection method illustrated in Figure 2.5-5 is suitable for
floating source Analog Input signals.
Important Note: For the method illustrated in Figure 2.5-4, the maximum allowable common
mode voltage between the Analog Input source and the AGND pin is 70Vp-p, so care must be taken to
ensure that the input signal is below this level before continuing. If the common mode voltage is set
to above 70Vp-p, the input multiplexer will be permanently damaged.
The easiest approach to selecting the most suitable configuration for the input signal connection is
outlined below:
1. Grounding the source input signal see Figure 2.5-1
2. Thermocouple input signal see Figure 2.5-4
3. Floating source input signal see Figure 2.5-5
4. If Vin > 1 V, and the gain is <=10 and more channels are needed see Figure 2.5-3
5. Current source input signal see Figure 2.5-6
If the characteristics of the input signal are unknown or unclear, test the signal using the following
procedure to determine the most suitable method:
1. Measure the signal using the connection illustrated in Figure 2.5-1 and record the result
2. Measure the signal using the connection illustrated in Figure 2.5-5 and record the result
3. Measure the signal using the connection illustrated in Figure 2.5-3 and record the result
4. Compare the three results and select the most suitable connection method

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Multifunction Boards
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Figure 2.5-1: Connecting to a grounded source input (correct method)
A/D CH0 HI
A/D CHn HI
A/D CHn LO
A.GND n
A/D CH0 LO
Es 1
Es n
S
S
PCI-822/826
Figure 2.5-2: Connecting to a ground loop input (incorrect method)
A/D CH0 HI
A/D CH0 LO
AGND
GND1
Es1
A/D CHn HI
A/D CHn LO
AGND
GNDn
Esn

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Multifunction Boards
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Figure 2.5-3: Connecting to a single-ended input configuration
A/D CH0
A/D CH1
A/D CHn
AGND
Es
Figure 2.5-4: Connecting to a thermocouple input configuration
A/D CH 0 HI
A. GND
A/D CH n LO
A/D CH n HI
A/D CH 0 LO
Do not join LO to A.GND at the computer
CAUTION:The maximum allowable common mode voltage between the Analog Input source
and the A.GND pin for the connection shown in Figure 2.5-4, is 70 Vp-p. Ensure that the input signal
is below this value before making any connections. If the common mode voltage is above 70 Vp-p,
the input multiplexer will be permanently damaged.
Note: If the input is not a
thermocouple signal, an
oscilloscope should be used to
measure the common mode
voltage of the Vin before
connecting to the PCI-822/826,
rather than using a voltage
meter or multimeter.

PCI-82x Series Cards
Multifunction Boards
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Figure 2.5-5: Connecting to floating source configuration
A/D CH 0 HI
A/D CH 0 LO
A/D CH n HI
A.GND
A/D CH n LO
A.GND
Es 1
Es n
100 kΩ~ 10 MΩ
100 kΩ~ 10 MΩ
PCI-822/826
Figure 2.5-6: Connecting to a 4 ~ 20 mA Source
AI CHn
AGND
R
+
-
(Shunt Resistor)
Example: A 20 mA source current through a 125 Ω resistor (e.g. 125 Ω, 0.1% DIP Resistors) between
+ and –terminals and the board will read a 2.5 VDC voltage. You can use the I = V/R (Ohm’s law) to
calculate what value the source current should have.
Current (I) = Voltage (V) / Resistance (R)
= 2.5 V / 125 Ω
= 0.02 A
= 20 m

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Multifunction Boards
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Signal Shielding
The signal shielding for the connection methods illustrated in Figures 2.5-1 to 2.5-6 are the
same
Use a single-point connection to the frame ground, rather than the A.GND or the D.GND pins
Vin
PCI-822/826
A.GND
D.GND
Frame Ground