KDK FM-2016A User manual

SOLID STATE 1000 CHANNEL SKHz STEP
DIGITAL PHASE LOCKED SYNTHESIZER
2m FM TRANSCEIVER
MODEL: FM-2016A/E
OPERATOR’S INSTRUCTIONS
&) KDK KYOKUTO DENSHI CO.,LTD.
21-25, 6-CHOME, HONCHO, NAKANO-KU, TOKYO PHONE: TOKYO (382) 2681

CAUTION--MEMORY BACK UP BATTERY
The memory back up battery has been installed at the factory. If
the transceiver is to be stored without use for an extended peri-
od, remove the battery and store in a cool location to prevent
possible damage to the transceiver by corrosion.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERALS FEATURES: wi Aedraqst bolded eed taba db nen eRe ey bes (1)
OPERATING CONTROLS AND FUNCTIONS .......eeeseeeeeeeeeees (3)
INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ..........------ (5)
ADJUSTMENTS: 0 wise aves sage aoe es awoke eebeane pera ees (7)
INTERNAIP VIEWS: (ne toc iuasseu hoy ta ue hoe 1 eh aes scg id 2, (8)
BUOQOK WOTAGRAM cn tadlut ie Roe ted aoe eine tens ee tues wets (9)
CIRCUIT DESCRUDIVON: Weiaatt Sis os Sania Mead ed eaemrnie edie et (10)
SPECIFICATIONS 2... cece ccc cece cc ete cee eer e eee cane

1. GENERAL FEATURES
YOUR KDK FM-2016A, (OR E), IS A TWO METER FM TRANSCEIVER USING THE MOST UP TO
DATE CMOS IC DIGITAL PLL CIRCUITRY FOR MOBILE AND BASE STATION USE. IT HAS
BEEN COMPACTLY DESIGNED WITH EMPHASTS ON MAINTENANCE OF HIGH QUALITY AND YET
BEING EASY TO USE AND INCLUDES THE MANY FEATURES DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING.
(A) FREQUENCY COVERAGE AND CHANNELS
144.000 - 148.995MHz, transmit and receive {(FM-2016A)
144.000 - 148.995MHz, receive, 144.000 - 145.995MHz transmit (FM-2016E)
Above in 10KHz steps plus 5KHz up capability for a total of 1,000 channels.
(FM-2016E - 400 channels, transmit)
(B) DIGITAL FREQUENCY DISPLAY
Direct readout of operating frequencies using large size LED displays. Full solid
state.
(C) AIRPLANE TYPE CO-AXIAL FREQUENCY CONTROLS
Operating frequencies selected by 10KHz, 100KHz, 1MHz and 5UP switches. Most
frequently used 100KHzand 10KHz switches mounted coaxially on one shaft. These
switches will not go below 0 or above 9 positions to facilitate frequency chang-
ing by feel only. Permits “eyes-on-the-road" at all times for mobile operation
safety and is also useful for hams with impaired sight.
(D) ELECTRONIC MEMORY
An electronic memory using CMOS RAMs (Random access memory ICs) is provided any
4 out of the 1,000 channel capacity may be written in (stored) the memory at any
time. A back up WICAD battery provided to retain memory contents while trans-
ceiver disconnected from any power source. Current drain only 25nA and inter-
nal automatic charging circuit keeps battery fully charged at all times.
(E) TRANSMITTER OFFSET FOR REPEATOR USE
+.6 and -.6MHz positions of the mode switch provide the normal + and - 600KHz
shift in the transmitter frequency. Positions 1T-2R and 3T-4R are provided for
utilizing the 4 channels of electronic memory to provide 2 pairs of non-standard
shifts. In these positions the operating frequency is switched between memory
chanels 1-2 and 3-4 automatically so that in position 1T-2R the set transmits on
the frequency set up in memory channel 1 and receives on the frequency set up in
memory channel 2 and likewise in the 3T-4R position. This feature provides for
operating on non-standard shifts, and is also convenient when using the FM-2016
in conjunction with an up-converter, etc., for operation on 430MHz and other bands.
(F) SCANNING
A scanning system has been included to increase the utility of the transceiver.
The four memory channels are scanned in one of two possible modes as selected
by the SCAN switch. In scanning for a closed channel, the scanner will stop at
the first channel in use encountered, and in the openscanning mode, it will stop
at the first channel encountered which is not in use. A scan-hold feature is
provided to permit immediate transmission after locating a channel by scanning.

(G) RECEIVER SECTION
Dual-gate MOS-FETs are used for the RF amplifier and first mixer and provides a
superior inter- and cross-modulation characteristic as well as sensitivity.
These characteristics are maintained constant across the wide frequency range
covered by the use of an all electronic automatic tuning circuit using varicap
diodes in the RF section. The combination of a monolithic crystal in the first
IF and a commerical guality 15 pole ceramic filter in the 2nd IF results in ex-
tremely sharp selectivity. The 2nd IF amplifier is built up with discrete com-
ponents rather than using an IC to keep input-output coupling to a minimum. A
ceramic discriminator has been adopted for improved temperature stability as
well as holding alignment over a long life period. An RIT (receiver incremen-
tal tuning control) and discriminator meter is useful when contacting off-fre-
quency stations and an RF attenuator provides approximately 10dB of attenuation
when using the transceiver under extreme inter- and cross-modulation situations.
(H) TRANSMITTER SECTION
Single conversion type using a balancedmixer. 5 stages of electronic tuning si-
milar to that of the receiver together with a 4 stage low pass filterin the
transmitter output results in a clean, spur-free signal. A latest type silicon
transistor is used as the final amplifier and will hold up even under the ex-
treme conditions of an infinite VSWR load. HIGH (15 watts) and LOW (lwatt) is
available with the front panel power switch, and is useful for reducing power
for use in conjunction with a linear. True direct frequency modulation of
the VCO results in a very distortion free modulation characteristic. :
(I) MULTI-PURPOSE TONE OSCILLATOR
An internal tone generator system has been provided for accessing repeators.
Two modes are selected by an internal switch (burst or continuous) and sub-audi-
ble or tone burst frequencies can be generated by changing capacitors. (FM-2016A
pre-set at factory to 100HzZ and FM-2016E pre-set to 1,750Hz.)
(J) ACCESSORY CONNECTOR
A 5 pin "DIN" type connector is provided on the rear panel for connection of a
KDK SC-12A SEL-CALL (tone encoder/decoder) unit. Also useful for connection of
phone-patch, touch-tone, remote headset-microphone combinations and similar type
accessories.
-(2)-

(G) RECEIVER SECTION
Dual-gate MOS-FETs are used for the RF amplifier and first mixer and provides a
superior inter- and cross-modulation characteristic as well as sensitivity.
These characteristics are maintained constant across the wide frequency range
covered by the use of an all electronic automatic tuning circuit using varicap
diodes in the RF section. The combination of a monolithic crystal in the first
IF and a commerical guality 15 pole ceramic filter in the 2nd IF results in ex-
tremely sharp selectivity. The 2nd IF amplifier is built up with discrete com-
ponents rather than using an IC to keep input-output coupling to a minimum. A
ceramic discriminator has been adopted for improved temperature stability as
well as holding alignment over a long life period. An RIT (receiver incremen-
tal tuning control) and discriminator meter is useful when contacting off-fre-
quency stations and an RF attenuator provides approximately 10dB of attenuation
when using the transceiver under extreme inter- and cross-modulation situations.
(H) TRANSMITTER SECTION
Single conversion type using a balancedmixer. 5 stages of electronic tuning si-
milar to that of the receiver together with a 4 stage low pass filterin the
transmitter output results in a clean, spur-free signal. A latest type silicon
transistor is used as the final amplifier and will hold up even under the ex-
treme conditions of an infinite VSWR load. HIGH (15 watts) and LOW (lwatt) is
available with the front panel power switch, and is useful for reducing power
for use in conjunction with a linear. True direct frequency modulation of
the VCO results in a very distortion free modulation characteristic. :
(I) MULTI-PURPOSE TONE OSCILLATOR
An internal tone generator system has been provided for accessing repeators.
Two modes are selected by an internal switch (burst or continuous) and sub-audi-
ble or tone burst frequencies can be generated by changing capacitors. (FM-2016A
pre-set at factory to 100HzZ and FM-2016E pre-set to 1,750Hz.)
(J) ACCESSORY CONNECTOR
A 5 pin "DIN" type connector is provided on the rear panel for connection of a
KDK SC-12A SEL-CALL (tone encoder/decoder) unit. Also useful for connection of
phone-patch, touch-tone, remote headset-microphone combinations and similar type
accessories.
-(2)-

ng
RCV
LED
Indicates
when
asi
gnal
is
being
re-
ceived.
LEDis
actuated
by
squelch
signal.
FREQUENCY
DISPLAY
4
digits
of
large
LED's
display
frequency
select-
ed
by
the
MHz,
10OKHz,
10KHz
and
5uP
controls.
Also
displays
frequencies
written
(stored)
in
memory
channels
when
MEMORY
switch
in
positions
l-
4.
WRITE
SWITCH
Swi
tching
to
WRITE
position
with
memory
channels
1-4
will
write
in
the
frequency
selected
by
the
frequen-
cy
controls
in
whatever
memory
channel
select~
ed
by
the
MEMORY/SCAN
switch.
NOTE:
Operation
of
this
switch
with
memory
switch
in
OFF
position
will
still
result
in
the
frequency
set
up
by
the
panel
controls
to
be
written
in
to
memory
channel
4.
This
feature
can
be
used
to
advantage
for
making
a
quick
OSY.
5UP_SWITCH
Switch
to
control
1KHz
digit.
OFF
for
OKHz
and
5UP
for
5KHz.
LOKH2/100KHz
CONTROLS
ee
RON
ROLS
Large
knob
controls
100KHz
digit,
and
small
knob
controls
l0KHz
digit.
Knobs
will
not
go
below
0
or
above
9
to
permit
frequency
changing
by
feel
only
for
driving
safety
during
mobile
Operations,
THREE-IN-ONE
METER
Controlled
by
switch
mounted
on
RIT
control.
In
normal
RIT
knob
Pushed
in
Position,
meter
reads
relative
incoming
Signal
strength
for
receive,
and
transmitter
output
during
trans-
mission,
When
RIT
knob
pulled
out,
meter
functions
as
discriminator
meter,
MICROPHONE
CONNECTOR
Four
pronged
recep-
—
LON
NECTOR
tacle
for
connection
of
microphone.
RIT/DISC
CONTROL
Click-stopped
at
center
for
center
frequency.
Mo-
ving
to
+
and
-
varies
receiver
frequency
+
and
-
approximately
5KHz.
Pulling
knob
out
switches
meter
to
give
dis-
criminator
readings.
Full
deflection
of
me-
ter
+
or
-
indicates
received
signal
5kHz
above
or
below
correct
frequency.

2.
OPERATING
CONTROLS
AND
FUNCTIONS
center
position
OFF.
Switching
to
WRITE
po-
sition
"stores"
frequency
set
up
by
the
MHZ,
100KHz,
LOKH2z
and
5UP
switches
in
memory
chan-
nells.
ATT
position
reduces
receiyer
sen-
sitivity
by
approximately
10dBs.
TONE/RF ATT SWITCH
center
position
OFF
(Hold).
In
CLOSE
position,
seanning
will
stop
at
first
memory
channel
with
an
in-
coming
signal.
Sensing
of
channel
condition
utilizes
squelch
signal.
OPEN
position
for
locating
vacant
channel.
SCAN SHTTCH
Center
position
OFF.
Up
po-
sition
turns
on
main
power
to
transceiver
and
also
selects
HIGH power out~
put
of
15
watts.
Down
position
turns
on
main
power
and
selects
LOW
power
of
POWER SWITCH
I watt.
Squelch
control
mutes
receiver
when
no
sig-
nal
being
received.
qurning
in
clock-wise
di-
rection
increases
depth
of
threshold.
SQUELCH/VOLUME
CONTROL
volume
control
increases
volume
when
turned
in
a
clock-wise
direction.
Indicates
when
transmitter
is
oper-
XMT LED
ating.
L&D
is
actuated
by
P/f
re-
lay.
Rey LED I
signal.
FREQUENCY
ed by the
Also dist
memory ch
Le-4.
-
MODE
SWITCH
SIMP
posi
tion
for
simplex
(trans~
mit
and
receive
on
same
freguen~
cy)
operations.
+.6and-.6
positions
for
stan-
dard
600KHz
up
and
down
transmitter
offsets.
NOTE:
DISPLAY
WILL
SHOW
ONLY
RECEIVE
FREQUEN-
CIES
IN
THE
+.6
AND
~.6
POSITIONS.
17-2R
and
3T-4R
positions
for
non-standard
off-
sets
using
4
memory
channels.
1T-2R
uses
memo—
ry
channel
1
for
transmit
and
2
for
receive
fre-
quency.
Set
MODE
siwtch
on
GIMP
for
writing
in
frequencies
in
respective
memory
channels
then
switch
to
1T-2R
or
37-4R
position
as
de-
sired.
)
controls
Miz
digit
of
operating
freguency.
Mig SWITCH
OFF
position
puts
JOKHZ,
100KHz,
Miz
and
5uP
switch
in
control
of
frequency.
Positions
J
through
4
select
memory
channels
]
through
4
and
display
contents
of
memory
channel
on
DISPLAY
LED's.
MEMORY SCAN SWITCH
SCAN
postion
for
seanning
of
frequencies
stored
in
memory
channels.
Frequencies
will
be
dis-
played
as
they
are
scanned.
WRITE }
write
cy con
ed by
NOTE:
switch
freque
writte
can be
OSY.
r
5UP_SWII
\
~(2)-

ANTENNA RECEPTACLE SO-239 type coaxial co-
mnector for antenna.
Will accept both metric and inch threaded
plugs.
SEL-~CALL CONNECTOR For connection of KDK SC~
10 or SC-12A, Selcall u-
nit (tone encoder/decoder). Also useful for
connection of phone-patch,touch-tone, remote
microphone/headset combinations, etc.
\ ("2M FM TRANSCEIVER
rec man PMP ROG A
ic rrgemicg rerio
For connection of power sup-
Ply using power cable furni-
shed as standard accessory. Voltage supplied
should be 13.8v dc, +10%, with negative ground.
Transceiver equipped with reverse polarity pro-
tection. IMPORTANT: USE ONLY 5A FUSES!
POWER CONNECTOR
EXT SPEAKER JACK For connection of an exter-
nal speaker for improved
reception quality. Impedance 4-8 ohms. Mi-
niature phone plug type plug is furnished as
a standard accessory.

3. INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
(A) MOBILE INSTALLATION
we Install mobile mounting bracket furnished with transceiver to any convenient
under-dash or other location using self-tapping sheet metal screws (4 x 12mm) and
washers provided. 3mm holes shouldbe pre-drilled for the 4mm self tapping screws.
2. The transceiver should be secured to the bracket using the 2 winged screws
provided. The bracket is designed so the transceiver can be slid forward or back-
wards in the grooves as well as varying the angle.
3 Connect antenna coax to the connector on the rear panel.
4. Connect power cable to power source. Red lead (+) and black lead (-). The
cable should be connected to power at a low impedance point, preferably directly
to the battery terminals or the main fuse block, otherwise extraneous noises may-
be induced during transmission at high power.
Be Connect microphone to receptacle on lower right corner of front panel.
(B) HOME STATION USE
aes Small rubber feet have been provided on the transceiver to lift its bottom
off the surface belowand permit audio from the speaker to be heard. However, for
easier access to the controls it is frequently helpful to tilt the control panel
facing slightly upwards. A mobile mounting bracket used underneath the trans-
ceiver is useful for this and brackets are available optionally from your KDK deal-
or.
aa Connect antenna coax to the connector on the rear panel.
3. Connect power cable to a suitable supply such as a regulated power supply or
battery. A good solid supply of 5A or more capacity is recommended.
4. Connect microphone to receptacle on lower right corner of front panel.
(C) OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Ds. PREPARATION: ~- Set switches and controls as follows:
a) POWER SWITCH LOW or HIGH as desired
b) RF ATT switch OFF
c) SCAN mode switch OFF
d) VOLume control Approximate center position
e) SQuelch control Complete counter-clockwise position
£) MODE switch SIMP
g) MEMORY switch OFF
h) MHz switch Desired frequency
i)
100KHz
switch
" "
j)
10KHz
switch
” "
k)
~~
5UP
switch
” ”
1) WRITE switch OFF
m) RIT Center, click-stopped position
n) S.PWR/DISC switch S.PWR position (pushed in)
2. RECEIVING: -- During the above preparation the meter lamp will light up, the
frequency display LEDs and the RCV LED will be lit up and either random receiver
noises or an incoming signal will be heard from the loudspeaker.
a) If no incoming signal is heard, vary the frequency using the front panel con-
trols and locate an incoming signal. As soon as the signal is received, the meter
will deflect upwards and indicate the relative strength of the signal.
b) Squelch: -- During no-signal conditions, the random noises heard from the
speaker can be annoying. Turn the SQuelch control in a clock-wise direction until
these noises are just extinguished. This sets the squelch threshold and only in-
coming signals will now be heard from the speaker. Turning the control up further
may result in loosing weak signals and intermittent reception of intermediate sig-
-(5)-

nals. Heavy squelch can be used to advantage in crowded city locations to squelch
out weak inteferring signals.
c) RIT and DISCriminator Meter: -- Reception may be impaired if the incoming sig-
nal is off frequency, particularly with weak signals, In such instances pull out
the RIT knob to switch the meter to the DISC position and adjust RIT knob to center
the needle.
d) Memory WRITE Procedure: -- This transceiver has 1,000 channels, and any 4 may
be written in to the memory, such as frequently used frequencies. For example, if
it is desired to store the frequency of 146.520MHz in memory channel 1 --
1. Use frequency controls and set up 146.520MHz as read out on the DISPLAY.
2. Set MEMORY switch to 1. (If nothing had been stored in this channel pre-
viously, LED display will go black at this point.)
3. Switch WRITE switch to WRITE position and then return to OFF. As soon as
switch is set to WRITE position, the LED display will show 146.520MHz in~
dicating that the frequency has been written in to the memory channel.
4. Other sequences of writing in frequencies are equally satisfactory and
will not damage the transceiver.
5. NOTE: Inadvertent operation of WRITE switch even with MEMORY switch in
OFF position will result in selected frequency being written in to memory
channel No. 4. This feature can be used to advantage for temporary stor-
age of frequencies, retaining the other channels for storage of repeatedly
used frequencies.
e) Scanning: --
1. Set MEMORY switch to SCN position next to memory channel 4.
2. Operate SCAN switch to CLOSE or OPEN as desired. The receiver will imme-
diately start scanning each memory channel consecutively and the DISPLAY
LEDs will show the frequencies in each of the memory channels as they are
scanned. If the CLOSE mode was selected, scanning will cease at the
first channel found with an incoming signal. As soon as this signal dis-
appears, scanning will resume until another signal is received. In ‘the
OPEN mode scanning will cease at the first vacant channel encountered. Use
CLOSE mode for continuous monitoring of up to 4 channels, and the OPEN
mode for quickly locating a vacant channel.
3. If it is desired to transmit using a channel located by scanning, return
the SCAN switch to the center OFF position. Transceiver will stay on the
frequency (memory channel) located by scanning until MEMORY switch is mov—
ed off the SCN position.
f) RF ATTenuator Switch: -- Switching to the RF ATT position reduces sensitivity
of the receiver by approximately 10dB's. This is useful when encountering inter-
or cross modulation problems due to an extremely strong signal. This is also useful
for squelching out weak interferring signals aswellas in plotting a radiation pat-
tern of a directional beam antenna.
3. . TRANSMITTING: --
a) Select HIGH power (15 watts) or LOW power (1 watt) as desired.
b)
Depress
the
press-to-talk
(P/T)
switch
on
the
microphone
and
talk
into
the
mi-
crophone
in
a
normal
voice.
Recommend
that
the
mike
be
held
approximately
2inches
(5
cm)
from
the
mouth.
A
meter
reading
of
approximately
8
indicates
15
watts
po-
wer
into
a
50
ohm
load.
The
XMT
LED
will
light
up
as
soon
as
the
P/T
switch
is
de-
pressed
indicating
the
transceiver
is
on
transmit
mode
and
will
go
out
as
soon
as
the
switch
is
released
indicating
the
transceiver
has
returned
to
the
receive
mode.
c)
MODE
switch:
--
Simplex
operations
are
conducted
with
the
MODE
switch
in
the
SIMPlex
position
(Transmit
and
receive
on
same
frequency).
Select
+.6
or
-.6
as
appropriate
for
working
repeators
with
standard
600KHz
offsets.
If
a
non-standard
repeator
split
is
required,
store
the
correct
transmit
and
receive
frequencies
in
the
appropriate
memory
channels
in
accordance
with
the
steps
outlined
in
d)
above
and
then
switch
the
MODE
switch
to
positions
1T-2R
or
3T-4R
as
desired.
-(6)-

4. ADJUSTMENTS
ALL KDK TRANSCEIVERS HAVE BEEN CAREFULLY ALIGNED AND INSPECTED PRIOR TO SHIPMENT
AND WE DO NOT RECOMMEND ATTEMPTING FURTHER ADJUSTMENT WITHOUT THE PROPER TOOLS AND
TEST EQUIPMENT. HOWEVER, AGING OF PARTS MAY RESULT IN DRIFTING OF SOME CONTROLS
PERIOD OF USE AND THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBED ADJUSTMENTS MAY BE MADE IN THE FIELD.
ANY OTHER ALIGNMENT OR TUNE-UP SHOULD NOT BE ATTEMPTED WITHOUT THE PROPER TESTING
EQUIPMENT AND WE RECOMMEND RETURN TO THE AUTHORIZED DEALOR OR NATIONAL DISTRIBUTOR.
a) RECEIVE "S" METER SENSITIVITY CONTROL
Adjusted to read full scale with a 20dBm input. Adjust control VRL of Main unit
in clock-wise direction to increase sensitivity.
b) DISC. METER ZERO BALANCE ADJUSTMENT
Adjust by varying control VR6 of Main Unit. Short gate terminal of Q12 to ground.
c) RIT ALIGNMENT
Set control to center click-stop position, pull out on knob and switch meter to
DISC position. Apply correct frequency input to antenna receptacle and adjust L9
of Main Unit to center needle on zero. (Apply hot soldering iron tip to proximity
of tuning slug of this coil to melt sealing wax on slug. CAUTION: Overheating may
damage coil.)
d) MICROPHONE AMPLIFIER GAIN
Adjust using control VR7 of Main Unit. Turning in clock-wise direction increases
gain. This control is best left untouched unless a severe change of gain is noted
as for instance when changing to a different type microphone. Over increasing will
result in constant clipping and distortion of transmitted signal.
e) TRANSMITTER DEVIATION CONTROL
Adjusted for +5KHz at factory. Turning control VR8 of main unit in a cluck-wise
direction will increase deviation.
if). TRANSMITTER LOW POWER
yk=
Continuously adjustable between 1 watt and maximum power using control VR1 of Main
Unit. (Do not set below 1 watt). Clock-wise rotation increases power output.
g) TRANSMITTER HIGH POWER
Continuously adjustable between 1 watt and maximum power using control VR4 of Main
Unit. Turning in clock-wise direction increases power. (Do not set below 1 watt.)
h) TRANSMITTER POWER METER
Adjusted at factory to give reading of 8 for a power output of 15 watts into 50ohm
dummy load. Setting can be changed by varying control VR2 of Main Unit.
i) MULTI-PURPOSE TONE OSCILLATOR
The tone oscillator is IC-4 located on the main unit. It is designed to provide ei-
ther a burst or continuous tone as selected by the internal switch. Its frequency
can be set by changing capacitors and adjusting the trim-pot according to the fol-
lowing table:
C-124 Frequency Range Remarks
-068mfd Appx. 60 - 130Hz FM-2016A set at 100HzZ
-068 " 90 - 210Hz a
-0047 " " 1300 - 1800Hz FM-2016E set at 1750Hz
1
a
N
~~
'

5. INTERNAL VIEWS.
TOP VIEW.
MEMORY SECTION
PROGRAM DIVIDER SECTION
IO OSC,TRIP ,MIX,
AMP
SECTION
PHASE
DETECTER
SECTION
FREQ STANDARD SECTION
VCO SECTION ~
SCANNING SECTION
iy DISPLAY DECODER SECTION
POWER BOOSTER UNIT
BOTTOM VIEW
we LRANSMITTER SECTION
MIC AMP SECTION
TONE OSCILLATOR SECTION
RECEIVER SECTION
ANTENNA SWITCH SECTION
-(8)-

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-(9)-

7, CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
PLEASE
REFER
TO
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
ON
PAGE
12
AND
THE
SCHEMATIC
WHEN
RNADING
THIS
SECTION.
(A) GENERAL
The
receiver
first
local
oscillator
is
the
VCO
controlled
by
the
PLL
to
provide
the
correct
injection
frequency
to
the
mixer.
The
receiver
is
of
the
double
con-
version
superheterodyne
type
with
a
lst
IF
of
16.9MHz
and
a
2nd
IF
of
455KHz.
The
transmitter
is
a
single
conversion
type
mixing
the
output
from
a
16.9MHz
osci-
liator
with
the
output
fromthe
VCO,
with
modulation
being
applied
directly
to
the
VCO.
(B) MAIN UNIT
This
printed
circuit
board
contains
the
receiver
circuits,
the
transmitter
exciter
stages,
the
tone
oscillator,
the
power
supply
circuits
and
the
APC
circuits.
1)
Receiver
Circuitry:
--
Input
from
the
coax
receptacle
on
the
rear
panel
is
fed
to
the
input
terminal
of
the
receiver
through
the
low
pass
filter
and
diode
switching
circuits
on
the
SW
PCB.
This
signal
is
amplified
by
Ql,
a
dual-gate
MOS-
FET.
The
local
oscillator
signal,
(127.1
-
132.095MHz)
is
applied
to
gate
2
of
92,
the
first
mixer,
with
the
output
fromthe
RF
amplifier
being
applied
to
gate
1.
The
signals
are
mixedand
results
ina16.9MHz
Ist
IF
Signal.
This
signal
passes
through
the
monolithic
crystal
filter
XF
with
a
bandwidth
of
+10KHz/3dB,
is
amplified
by
a
JFET,
Q3,
and
is
applied
to
the
base
of
the
2nd
mixer,
05.
The
base
of
05
is
also
fed
the
2nd
local
oscillator
signal
of
17.355MHz
which
is
generated
by
94.
Q5con-
verts
the
lst
IF
to
the
second
IF
of
455KHz.
Varicap
D4
is
in
the
oscillator
cir-
cuit
of
Q4
and
a
voltage
controlled
by
the
RIT
control
VR
is
applied
to
D4
via
pin
12.
The
RIT
control
varies
the
oscillator
frequency
by
approximately
+5KHZ.
The
output
of
mixer
95
is
passed
through
the
15
pole
ceramic
filter
CF
which
has
a
band-
width
of
+8KHz/6dB.
06, 7,
8,
9
&
10
are the
2nd
IF
amplifier
and
limiter
stages
from
which
the
signal
is
fed
to
the
ceramic
discriminator
CD
and
diodes
D10
and
11.
Output
from
the
discriminator
passes
through
the
de-emphasis
circuit
R43 and
C50,
the
audio
amplifier
Ql11,
and
is
fed
to
the
volume
control
via
pin
19.
The
audio
re-
turns
from
the
volume
control
via
pin
25
and
is
then
amplified
by
IC-l,
the
power
amplifier.
It
is
then
outputed
to
the
speaker
via
pin
16.
2) RF Attenuator: -- This circuit functions by lowering the bias voltage on gate
2 of the RF amplifier by operation of the swtich via pin 5 and results in again re-
duction of approximately 10dB's. It is effective in minimizing the effects of inter-
ference from strong local signals as well as squelching out weak interference, etc.
3) "S" Meter Circuit: -- The IF signal is picked off the collector of Q7, the 2nd
IF
amplifier
andis
rectified
ina
voltage
doubling
circuit
D5
and
D6
and
then
applied
to the meter to give indications of relative signal strength. VR1 adjusts meter
sensitivity and normally is set for a 20dBm signal input to give a full scale read-
ing. (Note that meter sensitivity is not linear.)
4) Squelch Circuit: -- Noise present at the discriminator is picked up through
the series and parallel tuned circuits C48-L13 and C49-L14 and is then sent to the
front panel squelch control through VR5 and pin 17. The signal is returned to the
receiver via pin 23 and is then fed to IC-2 for noise amplification. The amplified
signal is rectified in a voltage doubler circuit D12 and D13 and is then fed to the
base of the squelch switching transistor Q14. During no input conditions to the
receiver,
receiver
noises
are
rectified,
which
results
in
increasing
the
potential
of
Q14,
connecting
the
emitter
through
to
the
collector.
This
results
in
shorting
out the base of Q11 and thus grounding both the bias and the signal at this tran-
sistor which ceases to amplify and effectively cuts out the receiver noises from
being
passed
to
the
final
amplifier.
As
soon
as
an
incoming
signal
is
received
and
the receiver is quieted, the voltage on the base of Q14 drops, the connection between
its emitter and collector is broken, normal bias is applied to the base of Q1l and
-(10)-

audio output fromthe discriminator is amplified and normal reception through the
speaker takes place.
5) RCV LED Circuit: -- The base voltage of audio amplifier Q14 is amplified by
two stages of direct coupled transistors, Q13 and Q12, and drives the RCV LED via
pin 24. This LED provides an indication when an incoming signal is being received
even if the volume control is turned completely off, or when using the transceiver
in conjunction with a KDK SC-12A or SC-10 SEL-CALL unit.
6) Discriminator Meter Circuit: -- DC output from the discriminator is amplified
by the differential d-c amplifier Q15 and Q16 and is applied to the RIT VR through
pins 21 and 22. It then drives the discriminator meter to providean indication of
the incoming signal's frequency. vR6 is the "zero balancer" for the differential
amplifier and should be adjusted so that the meter reads zero after first ground-
ing the gate of FET, Q16.
7) Transmitter Circuitry: -- The transmitter is a single conversion, narrow band
FM transmitter using direct modulation of the VCO (127.1 - 132.095MHz) which in turn
is controlled by the PLL.
8) Microphone Amplifier: -- Audio from the microphone enters the transmitter
through pins 8and9 and is then fed to the amplifier, IC-3 through the gain control,
VR7. C113 and the input impedance of IC-3 combine to provide pre-emphasis. Output
from the amplifier/limiter is passed through a 3KHz low pass filter, C120, L27 and
C121 to remove harmonics created by clipping and is then fed to the modulator vari-
cap in the VCO circuit via pins 10 and 1l.
9) Multi-purpose Tone Oscillator: -- IC-4 and 927 is the tone oscillator. 2 NOR
gates of IC-4 make upamultivibrator. Its oscillating frequency is determined by
C124, C125, R104 and VRIO. (See values tabulated versus frequency in 4. i). Output
from the oscillator is fed viapinll toalow pass filter R103, C123 to remove har-
monics created by the multivibrator. This filtered output is bufferred by 927 and
then fed to the low pass filter of the microphone amplifier through the level con-
trol, VR9.
The circuit can provide either a sub-audible tone or a higher frequency tone burst.
It can further be switched to provide either a continuous tone for the duration of
the transmission ora short burst atthe beginning of each transmission by operation
of the internal switch mounted on the Main Unit PCB.
The oscillator is controlled by the voltage applied by the TONE/RF ATT switch through
pin 46. For the tone burst, C128, R108 and 2 NOR Gates of IC-4 make upa "one shot
multivibrator" with a period of approximately .5 seconds.
The FM-2016A transceivers are set at the factory for a sub-audible tone of 100Hz
and the FM-2016E transceivers are set for a 1750Hz tone burst.
10) APC Circuit (Output Control): ~- RF power is sampled by the diode D2 in the
power booster module and is fed to the d-c amplifier 924 and 025 via pin 37. The
signal is then applied to the base of a buffer, Q21 and by varying the base voltage
controls the output. VR3 sets the low power output and VR4 sets the high power out-
put through the main power switch and pins 14, 15 and 27. The unlock signal from
the synthesizer unit is applied to the APC through pin 27.
11) Transmitter Exciter: ~- Transistor Q17 and crystal X2 combine to generate a
16.9MHz signal which is amplified by 018 and is fed to the balanced mixer Q19 and
Q20 through tuned circuits L15 and L16. The TX local oscillator signal from the
synthesizer unit is also applied to the mixer through pins 6 and7. (127.1 - 132.095MHZ).
The mixer converts these inputs to the desired signal frequency (144.0 - 148.995).
This output is passed through 4 sucessive stages of electronic tuned circuits,
inductors L18, L19, L20, L21 and varicaps D14, D15, D16 and D17 which are peaked
at the operating frequency to minimize spurs. This circuit is similar to the cir-
cuits employed inthe receiver and are effective in attenuating all but the desired
frequency. The output is amplified by a dual gate MOS-FET, Q21 and passes through
-(11)-