Keysight Technologies N6841A User manual

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Keysight
N6841A
RF Sensor
User Guide

Notices
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© Keysight Technologies 2018
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prior agreement and written consent from
Keysight Technologies, Inc. as governed by
United States and international copyright
laws.
Manual Part Number
N6851-90001
Edition
Edition 1.2, April 2018
Published by:
Keysight Technologies, Inc.
1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA 95403
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The hardware and/or software described in
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and for other Keysight product may be
downloaded from the Web. Go to the
“Declarations of Conformity”
http://www.keysight.com/go/conformity.
You can then search by product number to
find the latest Declaration of Conformity.
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Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101.
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(“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S. government
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acquires no greater than Limited Rights as
defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5
(c), as applicable in any technical data.
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SHOULD KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES
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Safety Information
A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like that, if
not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in damage to the product
or loss of important data. Do not
proceed beyond a CAUTION notice
until the indicated conditions are fully
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A WARNING notice denotes a hazard.
It calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like that, if
not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in personal injury or
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WARNING notice until the indicated
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met.

1 RF Sensor User Guide
Edition History
Edition
Summary of Change
Written by
Date
1.2
Reference oscillator,
Temperature limits,
Troubleshooting
D. Carpenter
2018-04-24
1.1
Reformatted/Edited
D. Carpenter
2018-01-03
1.0
Initial version
R. Shen
2014-08-01

2 RF Sensor User Guide
ContentsIntroduction............................................................................. 3
Sensor Management Software............................................... 4
Managing Sensors .................................................................. 6
Finding Sensors on the Local Subnet ..........................................6
Modifying a Sensor’s Network Parameters ..................................7
Rebooting a Sensor ......................................................................8
Adding a Sensor to the SMS Sensor List .....................................8
Adding a Sensor that is not on the Local Subnet ........................9
Discovering an RF Sensor’s IP Address......................................10
SMS Sensor List..........................................................................10
Deleting a Sensor on the SMS Sensor List ................................11
Dashboard View..........................................................................11
Editing the Sensor Configuration ......................................... 14
Sensor Hardware and Identification...........................................14
Time Synchronization Data.........................................................15
Location Data..............................................................................15
Cable Attenuation Data ..............................................................21
Amplifier / Filter Data .................................................................22
Network Configuration Data.......................................................22
GPS Configuration and Status ...................................................23
1588 Data....................................................................................26
Reference Oscillator ...................................................................26
Embedded Apps (beta) ...............................................................28
Frequency Extender ....................................................................29
Multiple Narrowband Channels..................................................30
Running the RF Sensor’s Self-Test ...................................... 31
Configuring the Map............................................................. 33
Managing Sensor Firmware.................................................. 35
Using the Spectrum Monitor ................................................ 37
Using the Radio Receiver ..................................................... 38
Launching an Application from Within SMT ........................ 38

3 RF Sensor User Guide
Introduction
The Sensor Management Tool (SMT) is used to configure, and manage
Keysight RF Sensors. The SMT provides both a simple interface to discover,
configure, and update sensors, and a launcher to launch sensor applications.
This table lists other manuals pertinent to the Keysight N6841A RF Sensor.
Part Number
Title
Pub Date
N6841-90000
N6841A Quick Start Guide
Sep 2017
N6841-90002
N6841A RF Sensor Installation Guide
Sep 2017
N6854-90000
Geolocation Server User Guide
Sep 2017
N6851-90004
System Planning Tool User’s Guide
Sep 2017
Application Programming Overview
(SAL Reference)
Sep 2017
Be aware of these safety symbols found in the Keysight RF Sensor documents:
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is
intended to alert the user to the presence of important
operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions.

4 RF Sensor User Guide
Sensor
Management
Software
The SMT uses another Keysight software product, the Sensor Management
Server (SMS), which runs as a Windows service, handling requests from the
SMT client and maintaining a database entry for every sensor it manages. To
use the SMT, connect the SMT to an instance of SMS, either running on a
distant host or running on the local host.
Sensor Management Server (SMS)
SMS is installed on a computer during a normal Keysight RF Receiver software
installation. After it is installed, SMS is launched as a service when the server
is rebooted. No further steps need to be taken.
Verify SMS is running on a server:
1. Click: Start > All Programs > Accessories > System Tools > System
Information
2. The System Information tool displays a series of categories in its
System Summary area (left of the window).
3. In the System Summary, double-click on the Software Environment
4. Click the Services sub-category under the Software Environment
5. The System Information tool displays a list of currently-running
services on the right.
6. Verify the service "Keysight SMS", under the column "Display Name",
is present and running.
Starting SMT
To launch the Sensor Management Tool (SMT), use the following steps:
1. Click: Start> All Programs> Keysight RF Sensor> Sensor Management
Tool
2. See that the SMT displays the splash screen.
3. See that the SMT displays the Dashboard window.
The SMT Dashboard is one of four main SMT windows. The other three are the
Map, the Configuration, and Spectrum Monitor. These windows are available
through the menu bar and through the Dashboard , Map , Configuration
, and Spectrum Monitor icons at the top of the window. The SMT will
open to display the widow that was active when it was last closed.
Connecting SMT to an SMS Server
The Sensor Management Tool connects to sensors through a Sensor
Management Server (SMS). The SMS can be running on a distant server, or
can run on a local machine.

5 RF Sensor User Guide
Resource conflicts can occur when multiple instances of SMS
attempt to use the same sensor. To prevent these conflicts,
we recommended that users attach all instances of SMT to
the same instance of SMS. Having all installations of SMT
connect to the same instance of SMS can prevent resource
conflicts.
To connect an instance of SMT to an instance of SMS running on a distant
machine, enter the network name or IP address of the distant machine. If the
SMS is located on the local machine, connect to it using the shortcut
“localhost.” Connect to an instance of SMS using the following procedure.
Connect SMT to an SMS server:
1. Click on the Tools menu
2. Click on the Preferences menu entry
3. Click on SMS, on the left side of the Preferences screen
4. SMT displays the Preferences window seen below.
In the SMS preferences window, verify the following entries:
1. In the “Sever to Connect to:” dialog box, enter the IP address of the
server running the instance of SMS to use
To use an instance running locally, use localhost
To use an instance running on another computer, use the
computer’s IP address
2. In the “Port” dialog box, enter 8080
3. Click the Apply button, and then click the OK button.

6 RF Sensor User Guide
Managing Sensors
SMS can discover sensors that exist on the same subnet as an instance of the
SMS, using multicast networking technology. The SMT allows users access to
this function. Note that sensors on the same subnet as the SMT, but not on the
same subnet as the SMS cannot be discovered using this function.
Note: To use one of the sensors in the Available list, it must first be assigned to
the SMS.
Finding Sensors on the Local Subnet
To discover sensors on the local subnet, from the SMT window perform the
following steps:
1. Click on the View menu
2. Click on the Configuration menu
3. Select the Discover Sensors tab on the right side of the window.
4. At the bottom of the window, click the “Find Sensors on Local
Subnet” button.
Once the “Find Sensors on Local Subnet” button is clicked, it is relabeled
to display, “Refresh sensor list.”
Clicking the “Refresh sensor list” button directs the SMS to find the sensors on
its local subnet and return the sensors’ information to the SMT. After a few
seconds, a list of the sensors that have been discovered is displayed on the
right side of the Configuration window. The list includes the sensor’s name, IP
address, MAC address, and Serial Number. The sensor’s name and its IP
address can be changed, but the MAC address and Serial Number cannot.
Since they are assigned to a sensor unit when it is manufactured. The sensor
serial number is visible on the outside of the sensor case.
When the SMT has completed filling the list of sensors, it changes the find
sensors button to “Refresh sensors list.” Clicking this button refreshes the list
of sensors, adding to the list newly attached sensors and removing from the
list disconnected sensors.

7 RF Sensor User Guide
If the Microsoft Windows system is running a firewall, an
exception must be created in the firewall software to allow
SMS to communicate with the RF sensors.
Refer to the firewall documentation to learn how to create
an exception for SMS.
Clicking on a sensor list entry highlights that entry and enables the three
buttons at the bottom of the window. The three buttons are “Modify
networking parameters,” “Reboot,” and “Add to SMS.” To add a sensor not on
the local subnet, see section 4.5.
Modifying a Sensor’s Network Parameters
To modify a sensor’s configuration, add the sensor to the SMT Sensor List.
Note: It is sometimes necessary to modify a sensor’s network setting before
adding it to the Sensor List.
It is possible to reconfigure the network settings of a sensor in the discovered
list by clicking on the Modify Network Parameters button at the bottom of the
Sensor Management Tool’s window. This will display the Setup Network
Configuration window. Note that many of the network parameters that can be
set in this window can also be set using the Sensor Configuration dialog box
described later.

8 RF Sensor User Guide
The Setup Network Configuration window is used to view and manually set the
sensor's network configuration. The window shows two sets of configuration
data. The values displayed in shaded boxes on the right-hand side of the
window are the values currently being used by the selected sensor. To change
these values, enter the desired values in the text entry boxes on the left, and
click the Apply Changes button.
To change these stored network values, enter the desired values in the text
entry boxes on the left, then click the Apply Changes button. The new values
are applied to the RF sensor and now appear in the shaded boxes.
To leave this dialog box without changing a sensor’s configuration, click the
box’s close button.
If Microsoft Windows changes focus (if another program
window is placed on top of the SMT window) before clicking
either the Apply Changes button or the Exit button, it is
possible to lose track of the dialog box and SMT can appear
to be hung. This is normal Windows behavior. If this
happens, minimize all open windows and maximize the SMT
window to restore the dialog box.
Rebooting a Sensor
To reboot an RF sensor, use the following steps:
1. From the Configuration window, click the Discover Sensors tab.
2. When the SMT displays the RF Sensors that are present on the
SMS’s local subnet, click to highlight the entry of the RF sensor to
reboot.
3. Click the Reboot button at the bottom of the window.
Adding a Sensor to the SMS Sensor List
Add a sensor, from the list of available sensors, to the instance of SMS being
used through the SMT.
Note: SMT does not show if the sensor is currently used by a different instance
of SMS. Having all installation of SMT connects to the same instance of SMS
can prevent conflicts where multiple instance of SMT vie for the same sensors.
To add a sensor to SMS, use the following steps.
1. From the list of available sensors in the Configuration window, select
the sensor to use and click on it to highlight its entry.
2. At the bottom of the Configuration window, click on the button
marked, “Add to SMS.”
Click the “Add to SMS,” which causes the selected sensor to be displayed in
the “All sensors” list on the left of the Configuration window. To expand the All
sensors list, click the “+” button to the left of the “All sensors” heading.

9 RF Sensor User Guide
Each entry in the sensor list is headed by a sensor icon. A green icon indicates
that the SMS has recently received a status message from the sensor and that
it is generally functional. A gray icon indicates that the SMS has not received a
status message from that sensor for a predetermined time period. A red icon
indicates that SMS has detected a problem with that sensor.
Adding a Sensor that is not on the Local Subnet
To add an RF Sensor that is not on the local subnet (and is therefore not
discoverable by the SMT), the sensor’s IP address must be known.
If the sensor’s IP address is known, use the following procedure.
1. Click Tools > Add sensors….
2. Select Configure a sensor with a known host name or IP address.
3. Click Next.
4. Enter the IP address in the text entry box
5. Click the Validate button.
6. When SMT has validated that it can communicate with a RF sensor at
the IP address, the Next button becomes active. Click Next.
7. In the text entry box, enter a descriptive name for the sensor.
8. Click the Finish button to save the entry and to place the sensor in
the All Sensors list.

10 RF Sensor User Guide
Discovering an RF Sensor’s IP Address
In some applications, an RF Sensor is located locally, but is on a different
subnet than the workstation or laptop that is running SMS. In this case, there
is a method to quickly determine the sensor’s IP address. Once the sensor’s IP
address is known, add the sensor directly to the All Sensors list by using the
Tools > Add Sensor dialog box.
Note: The following procedure requires an Ethernet crossover cable or a
crossover adapter plug. This procedure can also be carried out by using
standard internet cables routing through an Ether net hub or switch.
Use the following steps, if using an Ethernet crossover cable, to discover an RF
Sensor’s IP address:
Disconnect the RF Sensor from its Ethernet connection.
1. Using an Ethernet crossover cable, connect the sensor directly to the
workstation or laptop that will run SMT.
2. Start SMT.
3. If necessary, set the SMS preferences to “localhost.”
Note: While connected to an RF Sensor directly, it is not possible to launch
Surveyor or block tools.
4. Click on the Configuration icon.
5. Select the Discover Sensors tab on the right of the window.
6. At the bottom of the window, click the “Find Sensors on Local
Subnet” button.
7. The sensor’s information, including its IP address, is displayed in the
Discovered Sensor list. Make a note of the IP address.
8. Disconnect the RF Sensor from the laptop, and reconnect it to its
working Ethernet connection.
9. If necessary, reset the SMS preferences to the desired instance of
SMS.
10. Connect the workstation or laptop back into its proper Ethernet
connection.
11. Close and re-start SMT.
12. Follow the steps listed in “Adding a sensor that is not on the Local
Subnet.”
SMS Sensor List
When a sensor is added to the “All sensors” list, changes are made in the
sensor and in the SMS itself. The sensor is given the network address for the
instance of SMS that is being used. The SMS adds the sensor to its database.
With these changes, the sensor knows with which instance of SMS to
communicate and the SMS knows to expect data from this sensor.
When these steps are completed, the sensor begins sending its status
information to the SMS and the SMS communicates that status with the SMT.
The sensor’s general status is displayed on the SMT Configuration window as
an icon next to the sensor name in the All Sensor list. A green icon indicates
that the SMS has recently received a status message from the sensor and that
it is generally functional. A gray icon indicates that the SMS has not received a
status message from that sensor for a predetermined time period. A red icon
indicates that SMS has detected a problem with that sensor.

11 RF Sensor User Guide
Note: The SMS list displays sensor status using the gray icon even if a sensor
is disconnected from the network. The names of disconnected sensors can be
deleted from the sensor lists using the Configuration menu.
Deleting a Sensor on the SMS Sensor List
To remove a sensor from the SMS sensor list (making it available for other
SMS instances), use the following steps.
A sensor can be deleted from the SMS sensor list by clicking on the Tools
menu, or by right-clicking on the appropriate sensor’s icon.
To delete a sensor in the “All sensors” list by right-clicking, use the following
steps.
1. Right click the name of the sensor to be deleted.
2. From the right-click menu, click on “Delete Sensor(s).”
To delete a sensor in the “All sensors” list using the Tools menu, use the
following steps.
1. Click to highlight the name of the sensor to configure.
2. In the menu bar, click Tools > Sensor > Delete Sensor(s).
Dashboard View
Once the system has the sensors of interest attached to the controlling SMS,
the Dashboard View can be used for a high-level view of the status of the
sensors in the system. Right clicking on any of the sensors in this view will
display the configure panels, for more detailed views of settings for that
sensor. The Dashboard View looks as follows:
A description of the Dashboard fields are as follows:
Sensor alias –is the abbreviated name given to the sensor when it
was added to SMS.
Status:
Unknown –The sensor has not checked in with SMS in some
time. The sensor is likely either offline, has been taken by a
different SMS while the current SMS was off line, or there is a
communication problem.
CurrentStatus –The sensor’s communication link to SMS is
working well.
Connected –The link from SMS to the sensor has been
established but SMS has not heard back. This is should be very
transient state, lasting less than 1 sec.

12 RF Sensor User Guide
Updating Firmware –The sensor is in the processing of updating
the firmware. (The power to that sensor should not be cycled
during this process).
Rebooting –After new firmware is loaded, the sensor will reboot,
and reconnect to SMS. The state also goes to “Rebooting” if a
reboot is invoked manually, either from the configuration dialog
or the Auto Discovery View.
Location –This is the latitude and longitude of each sensor as
currently configured.
Last check-in –This is the last time, in SMS time, that the sensor
communicated with SMS. This is typically once per minute.
Timesync –This shows the synchronization mode configured in the
sensor.
GPS –GPS based time synchronization
GPS/ 1588 GM –The sensor’s time comes from GPS, but the
sensor also provides a sense of time to other IEEE-1588
connected nodes as a Grand Master.
IEEE 1588 –The sensor’s time is provided over the LAN using
IEEE-1588.
None –The sensor has time synchronization turned off.
SMS Offset –This shows the time difference between the sensor and
the SMS. If this time offset is greater than 2 seconds, a yellow
warning triangle appears. This may impact the responsiveness of the
system to time triggered measurements. It can be addressed by
setting the PC time to sensor’s time source. If the sensor is a 1588
grandmaster (and not a GPS/1588 GM) setting the sensor time to the
SMS time, using the Time Synchronization configure panel is helpful.
Availability –This field shows if a sensor is locked and which
application and PC name holds the lock.
The sensor icons can be Red, Green or Gray. If a sensor icon is Green, it
synchronized, and ready to make measurements. If a sensor icon is Gray, it is
no longer communicating with the local SMS. If a sensor icon is Red, by
positioning the mouse pointer over the icon a status string will be displayed:
Time questionable: the sensor’s time synchronization operation has
not stabilized
GPS Antenna Problem: In most cases, the GPS antenna has not been
connected
Insufficient GPS Satellites: GPS synchronization is suspect because
the antenna is not receiving sufficient satellites to perform the
computation
Reference Oscillator Adjustment needed: This indicates the reference
oscillator is more than 10 ppb off in frequency compared to the time-
sync source (e.g. GPS or 1588 master). If the “Reference Oscillator
Adjustment” is in manual mode use the “Adjust Ref. Osc. now” button
(see section 5.9). If in automatic mode, the sensor will perform this
adjustment every 10 minutes until no longer needed.
GPS holdover expired (now drifting): After 3 minutes of not tracking
satellites the GPS module will enter the “drifting” state.
CPU Overload: This occurs when the sensor's CPU is overloaded and
is unable to service all tasks in a timely manner. It's 1588 timing may
be degraded.

13 RF Sensor User Guide
Temperature Limits
The N6841A RF Sensor is specified to work from -15 °C to +55 °C ambient
temperature. In this temperature range the product will operate and meet
specification. There is approximately a 15 - 20 °C difference from external to
internal temperatures.
Internal RF Sensor temperature is considered questionable when it exceeds
70°C (High Temp) or below -30°C (Low Temp)
If internal RF Sensor temperature is 80°C (Power Down Temp) the power is
reduced, and measurement services are suspended. Power to the RF boards is
shut down and only the processor board remains powered on.
If internal RF Sensor temperature is 85°C (Power Off Temp), the power to all
boards is shutoff completely, with no communications with the RF Sensor or
ability to perform a software reboot. A power cycle, in addition to reduced
temperature, is required to resume operation.
The RF Sensor internal temperature is checked every 180 seconds. If the
temperature has been reduced to 65°C (Power Back Up Temp), the RF board
power supply will be re-established, and the RF Sensor can resume
measurements.
Recommendations to correct or prevent exceeding temperature limits:
If the inside temperature of the RF Sensor is exceeding the limits mentioned
above and shutting down, try installing a sun shield or move the sensor so it is
not in direct sunlight.
If the inside temperature RF sensor is below the limits mentioned above and
will not start, try placing it in an insulated enclosure with a small heat source,
such as a light bulb.
Summary of RF Sensor internal temperature limits, indicators and
actions:
+70 °C –generates a questionable High Temperature Alarm
-30 °C –generates a questionable Low Temperature Alarm
+80 °C –Is the Power Off Temperature limit. Power is reduced and
measurement services are suspended. Communication to the sensor
remains active and the processor board keeps power.
+65 °C - Power Back Up Temperature - Power is restored and
measurement services are resumed. Power is restored to the RF
boards.
+85 °C - Power Off Temperature - All power supplies are shut down
completely at this temperature, Sensors temperature must be lowered
to less than 65 °C and an RF sensor power cycle is required to restore
operation.

14 RF Sensor User Guide
Editing the Sensor
Configuration
When a sensor arrives from the factory, it will not be properly configured for
the network. Sensors that are assigned (that is, in the “All sensors” list) can be
configured using SMT. Sensors are configured using the Configuration menu.
The configuration menu can be displayed by clicking on the Tools menu, or by
right-clicking on the appropriate sensor’s icon.
To configure a sensor in the “All sensors” list by right-clicking, use the
following steps.
1. Right click the name of the sensor to configure.
2. From the right-click menu, click on “Configure.” See the Sensor
Configuration dialog box.
To configure a sensor in the “All sensors” list using the Tools menu, use the
following steps.
1. Click to highlight the name of the sensor to configure.
2. In the menu bar, click Tools > Sensor > Configure. See the Edit
Sensor dialog box.
The Edit Sensor dialog box contains several views. Each view is used to
change some aspect of the selected sensors configuration. To change to any
of the views, click on the name of the view. Clicking on a view name displays
that view. Clicking on the view name a second time hides that view.
Sensor Hardware and Identification
This view of the configuration dialog box is used to change the sensor’s name
and several other values. This view is also used to update a sensor’s firmware
and reboot the sensor. It is also possible to remove the sensor from the SMS
assignment list.
Note: When entering data in the Sensor Hardware and Identification dialog
box, remember to click the “Finished” button before exiting the view.

15 RF Sensor User Guide
Time Synchronization Data
The Time synchronization Data view of the configuration dialog box is used to
specify the source for time synchronization data. Synchronization is necessary
for measurements such as Keysight Time Difference of Arrival (A-TDOA.) The
possible time synchronization sources are:
IEEE 1588 –Network-based precision time protocol. Selecting this
option enables the “1588 Data” view at the bottom of the dialog box.
GPS –GPS-based timing protocol.
GPS /1588 GM–The sensor will gain its timing from GPS and
provide timing to other sensors on the LAN via IEEE-1588.
None –No time protocol.
The SMS Time Offset shows the difference of the sensors’ sense of time and
that of SMS.
The UTC offset is visible in the next field, and can be edited.
The values on this panel can be updated using the “Refresh Status” button.
Location Data
The Location Data view of the sensor configuration dialog box is used to view
and manually set the sensor's location data. Use this view when the sensor's
GPS receiver is not active, such as when a sensor is located indoors, or the
sensor location has poor GPS reception.

16 RF Sensor User Guide
Location Source Menu
At the top of the view is the “Location source” drop-down menu. To direct the
sensor to derive its location from the GPS receiver, select the “GPS” menu
selection. To manually set the sensor's location select the “Manual” menu
selection and enter the proper values in the rest of the view's dialog boxes.
Descriptions of the values to enter are given in the following sections.
The source of the location data: Manually set, taken from GPS, or not
set.
Degrees Latitude expressed as degrees and a decimal fraction. North
is entered as a positive value; South is entered as a negative value.
Degrees Longitude expressed as degrees and a decimal fraction. East
is entered as a positive value; West is entered as a negative value.
Elevation (meters)
Y Offset (meters)
X Offset (meters)
Z Offset (meters)
Rotation (degrees)
For more information about the Location Data and the GPS system, see the
section “GPS Configuration and Status” below.
Setting Locations Indoors
For indoor applications within a single building, it’s usually easier not to work
in a latitude-longitude coordinate system. In these applications, choose a
convenient location as a reference point and define a direction (in the same
direction as walls or aisles) as the x-direction. All sensors will have the latitude
and longitude set to the same reference location, which is usually 0, 0.
Because buildings are often not oriented north-south, the SMT software allows
entry of a rotation value that describes a location’s y-axis direction relative to
true north.

17 RF Sensor User Guide
In the following illustration, the difference between north and the building’s
orientation is the rotation value. The RF receiver’s position is the offset (in
meters) from the chosen reference point.
Mixed Indoor-Outdoor Locations
For sensor networks that contain a mix of indoor and outdoor sensors, or for
applications with sensor networks spanning multiple buildings, the latitude
and longitude should be set to the correct value, and a rotation entered to
account for the difference between the defined X-Y coordinate system of a
specific building, and true North.
Note: SMT mapping does not support maps or images with rotation. If rotation
is used, the map must be oriented with North pointing up. While rotated
coordinate systems can still be used, the building would need to appear
rotated in SMT as shown in this graphic. For most indoor applications involving
one building, the orientation of the system relative to true north is probably
not important. In these cases, the rotation can be left at zero degrees, and the
building floor plan image can be oriented with Y pointing up.
Antenna Orientation
Enter the appropriate antenna orientation information in the Antennas and
Cabling (Antennas and Configuration Page) under the Configure Sensor Page.
Enter the delta x, delta y, and delta z, which describe the displacement(s) of
the antenna from the sensor. It is also possible to enter three angles that
describe antenna orientation: declination, projection, and twist.

18 RF Sensor User Guide
In this discussion, the antenna “platform” is just the building in the indoor
scenario discussed in the previous section, (although it could be a vehicle in a
mobile deployment.) The antenna delta x, delta y, and delta z offsets in the
"Antennas and Cabling" menu refer to the platform (building) coordinates.
Declination (0-180 degrees) is the angle the antenna is tipped from the
platform vertical, 0 degrees being right-side up and 180 degrees being
upside-down.
Projection (0-360 degrees) is the angle in the antenna platform’s x-y plane
that the projection of the antenna tip makes with the platform’s front
(building’s positive x-axis). See the following figure. CCW is positive. Note that
if the declination = 0 or 180 exactly, the projection angle is arbitrary. It is
convenient to enter projection = 0 in these cases.