Kingston Technology KNE16TP/RS User manual

Kingston Technology
EtheRx Pro-Series
19” Rack-Mount Stackable
10BASE-T Ethernet Hubs
User’s Guide
Models: KNE16TP/RS
KNE24TP/RS

KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
Kingston Technology’s
EtheRx Pro-Series™
16-Port and 24-Port
Stackable 19-inch Rack-Mount
10BASE-T Ethernet Hubs
User’s Guide
Part No. 4460053-001.A01
Kingston Technology Company
17600 Newhope
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
[phone]

Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
Important Safety Instructions
1. Read all these instructions.
2. Save these instructions for later use.
3. Follow all warnings and instructions marked on the product.
4. Do not use this product near water.
5. This product should be operated from the type of power source indicated
on the marking label. If you are not sure of the type of power available,
consult your dealer or local power company.
6. Do not attempt to service this product yourself, as opening or removing
covers may expose you to dangerous voltage points or other risk. Refer all
servicing to service personnel.
Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise
1. Diese Hinweise sollten vollständig durchgelesen werden.
2. Diese Hinweise für einen späteren Gebrauch aufbewahren.
3. Allen auf dem Gerät angebrachten Warnungen und Hinweisen folgen.
4. Das Gerät nicht in der Nähe von Wasser verwenden.
5. Das Gerät nur mit dem Aufkleber bezeichneten Netzspannung betreiben.
Bei Fragen über die Art der Netzspannung sollte der Händler oder das
Energieversorgungsunternehmen zu rate gezogen werden.
6. Nicht versuchen das Produkt selbst zu reparieren. In allen Produkten
existieren gefährliche elektrische Spannugen. Nicht das Gehäuse öffnen.

i
KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Special Features............................................................................2
Package Contents .........................................................................2
Design Features
Repeater Functions .......................................................................3
Jabber Lock-up Protection.............................................................3
Fragment Extension.......................................................................3
Collision-Handling..........................................................................3
Automatic Partitioning/Reconnection.............................................4
Link Test ........................................................................................4
Hardware Installation
Front Panel ....................................................................................5
Power LED ....................................................................5
Utilization LEDs .............................................................5
Collision LEDs ...............................................................5
AUI LED.........................................................................6
BNC LED .......................................................................6
UTP Port LEDs ..............................................................6
Cascade Switch.............................................................7
Rear Panel.....................................................................................8
Power Switch.................................................................8

ii
Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
AC Power Connector .................................................... 8
AUI Port ........................................................................ 8
BNC Port....................................................................... 8
Stacking Ports............................................................... 8
Stacking EtheRx Hubs .................................................................. 9
Network Configurations
Ethernet 5-4-3 Rule..................................................................... 10
Ethernet Star Network................................................................. 10
Linear Bus Network..................................................................... 11
Horizontal Cascading.................................................................. 11
Cascading with Stacked Hubs .................................................... 12
Appendices
Appendix A Pin Assignments................................................... 14
Appendix B Cabling Guidelines ............................................... 16
Appendix C Specifications ....................................................... 19
Appendix D Mounting Templates............................................. 21
Appendix E Product Warranties and Notices........................... 22
Limited Warranty Statement ....................................... 22
Duration of Warranty................................................... 23
Free Technical Support .............................................. 23
Disclaimers ................................................................. 23
FCC Certification / CE Notice ..................................... 24

General Information 1
KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
Introduction
Intended Audience: This manual assumes that the user has a general working
knowledge of networking principles and architecture and is familiar with
network systems in general.
Congratulations on the purchase of your new Kingston Pro-Series®19-inch
rack-mount, stackable 10BASE-T Ethernet Hub. There are two models: the
KNE16TP/RS and KNE24TP/RS, 16-Port and 24-Port Ethernet hubs,
respectively. The Pro-Series models offer several new enhancements. The
Stack-n-Play®feature allows for easy installation without the need to configure
ID switches. The Hot-Stack®feature allows adding new hubs without powering
down. The Smart Monitor®feature offers network traffic monitoring through a
bar-graph LED display.
The EtheRx hubs provide sixteen (16) or twenty-four (24) UTP (Unshielded
Twisted-Pair) ports for 10BASE-T Ethernet connections, one BNC port for
10BASE2 thin Ethernet connection, and one AUI (Attachment Unit Interface)
port for either 10BASE2 Cheapernet, 10BASE5 thick Ethernet, 10BASE-T,
10BASE-FL, or FOIRL (Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link) segment using a
proper external transceiver. The last UTP port (i.e., Port 16 or Port 24) uses a
cascade switch to support both crossover and straight-thru cable wiring for
uplinking to another 10BASE-T hub.
The EtheRx models can also be stacked up to five hubs using the stacking
cable (provided) expanding your network to a maximum of 80 or 120 UTP
ports (depending on the model) as a single repeater unit. The EtheRx hubs can
be used on desktop or 19-inch rack-mount installations (mounting hardware
included). The front panel includes pull handles for rack-mounting and a
variety of diagnostic LEDs including: Power, five levels of Utilization and
Collision status, AUI, BNC, and UTP port LEDs which display Link, Activity
and Partition status.
Models KNE16TP/RS and KNE24TP/RS
Stackable Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK / ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Stackable Ethernet Hub
KNE16TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK / ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
15 16 1413
78 65
11 12 109
CASCADE
CABLETYPE

2 General Information
Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
Special Features
• Stack-n-Play™ports connect up to five EtheRx hubs as a
single repeater unit
• Hot-Stack™additional hubs without powering down
• Smart Monitor™bar-graph LEDs for network traffic monitoring
• 16 or 24 UTP ports for 10BASE-T connections
• 1 BNC port for 10BASE2 thin Ethernet connection
• 1 AUI port for backbone or mixed media connection
• Cascade switch on last UTP port
• UTP Link, Activity, and Partition Status LEDs for easy troubleshooting
• BNC Activity and Partition LED
• AUI Activity and Partition LED
• 5 Utilization LEDs to monitor network traffic
• 5 Collision LEDs to monitor data collision
• Automatic partition and reconnection
• Internal auto-sensing power supply operating at 110VAC or 240VAC
• Complies with IEEE 802.3 and 802.3i Ethernet standards
• 19-inch rack mountable (mounting kit included)
Package Contents
Your EtheRx package should contain the following items:
οKNE16TP/RS or KNE24TP/RS Ethernet Hub
ο5.5” shielded stacking cable
ο AC power cord
ο BNC T-connector
οMounting kit includes:
(2) Angle brackets
(8) Bracket mounting screws
(4) 10/32” Rack-mount screws
(4) Rubber Feet
οUser's Guide
If any of the items are missing or damaged, please contact your Kingston
dealer for a replacement. Be sure the items you receive are genuine Kingston
Technology products. If the Kingston name and logo are not on the front panel
of your unit, it’s not a genuine Kingston product.

Design Features 3
KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
Design Features
The EtheRx Pro-Series hubs comply with the full set of repeater functions as
defined by IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD and IEEE 802.3i 10BASE-T Ethernet
standard. These functions include all Repeater Functions, Signal Regeneration,
Jabber Lockup Protection, Fragment Extension, Collision-Handling, Auto
Partitioning/Reconnection and Link Test. These functions are usually
transparent to all network activities and are summarized below.
Repeater Functions
If any single port senses the start of a valid packet on its receiving line, the
EtheRx hub will re-transmit the received data to all other ports on the network.
The re-transmission of packets complies with the IEEE 802.3 specification in
terms of preamble structure, voltage amplitude, and timing characteristics.
These timing regenerations prevent cumulative signal loss, jitter, and distortion
caused by the network cabling, and allow the EtheRx hubs to be cascaded to
other Ethernet hubs.
Jabber Lock-up Protection
The EtheRx hubs implement a built-in jabber protection scheme to ensure that
the network is not disabled due to transmission of excessively long data
packets. This protection scheme will automatically interrupt the reception of
abnormally long streams of data to prevent jabber lock-up.
Fragment Extension
If the total packet length received by the EtheRx hub is less than 96 bits,
including preamble, then the hub will automatically extend the repeated packet
length to 96 bits by appending a jam sequence to the original fragment. The
extension of a fragmented packet allows the reliable detection of a collision by
all stations attached to the network.
Collision-Handling
The EtheRx hubs will perform collision detection and respond to collision
conditions as defined in the IEEE 802.3 specifications.

4 Design Features
Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
Automatic Partitioning/Reconnection
If any of the ports on the EtheRx hub experience excessive numbers of
consecutive collisions, duration collisions, or faulty conditions, that particular
port can be partitioned. Once partitioned, the hub will continue to monitor that
port. If the error conditions have been corrected or a good data packet is
transmitted or received without incurring a collision, the hub will automatically
reconnect that port to the network.
Link Test
For UTP port connections, the EtheRx hub implements the link integrity test
function as specified in the IEEE 802.3i 10BASE-T standard. The hub will
transmit link test pulses to any UTP port after that port’s transmitter is inactive
for a range of 8ms to 17ms. These pulses are sent to confirm that a valid
connection exists between each UTP port on the hub and its attached device.

Hardware Installation 5
KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
Hardware Installation
Before you begin installing network cables, please take a few moments to
familiarize yourself with the EtheRx 16-Port and 24-Port Ethernet Hubs. The
functions on the front and rear panels are illustrated below.
Front Panel
Pro-Series Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL %
COLL %
LINK / ACT / PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24 CASCADE
CABLE TYPE
Pro-Series Ethernet Hub
KNE16TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL %
COLL %
LINK / ACT / PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
15 16 1413
78 65
11 12 109CASCADE
CABLE TYPE
UTP Ports
Power
LED Link /Activity / Partition
LEDs
Cascade Switch
(MDI-X or MDI)
BNC
LED
AUI
LED
Utilization LEDs UTP Ports
Collision LEDs
Fig. 1. Hub Front Panels
Power LED
The green LED indicates the power status. The LED will light when the AC
power cord is connected from a power source to the hub and the power switch
is turned on.
Utilization LEDs
Kingston’s Smart Monitor™bar-graph LEDs for utilization and collision
provide easy monitoring of network traffic. There are five Utilization LEDs to
display the amount of network traffic in five percentage levels. The amount of
data traffic is measured in frames per second (FPS), then calculated into the
following percentage forms: 1%, 7%, 15%, 30%, and 60%. The LEDs will
light in a bar-graph fashion based on the network activity.
Collision LEDs
There are five Collision LEDs to display the amount of data packet collisions
in five percentage levels. The amount of data collisions is measured in
collisions per second (CPS), then calculated into the following percentage
levels: 1%, 7%, 15%, 30%, and 60%. The LEDs will light in a bar-graph
fashion based on the amount of collisions.

6 Hardware Installation
Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
AUI LED
The two-color LED displays two states of operation for the Activity and
Partition status on the AUI port. When data is received, the LED will flash
green. If the port has been partitioned due to excessive collision or other faulty
condition, it will display solid red.
Note: Upon power up, the AUI port LED will not be lit unless a transceiver is
attached to the port and there is activity.
BNC LED
The two-color LED displays the Activity and Partition status on the BNC port.
When data is received, the LED will flash green. If the port is partitioned due
to excessive collision or other faulty condition, it will display solid red.
Note: Upon power up, if the BNC port has no cable attached or is not properly
terminated at both ends, the LED will display red to show the port has been
partitioned. Upon receipt of good packets, the LED will automatically change
from red to green indicating that the port is functioning properly.
UTP Port LEDs
The sixteen or twenty-four UTP Port LEDs offer condition status for Link,
Activity, and Partition. If a good link is established on any given port, the
green LED will be continuously lit, indicating a valid network connection
between the network node and the hub. When data is received, the LED will
flash green. If the port is partitioned, the LED will display solid red.
If the LED does not display solid green indicating a good link, check the
following:
1. Make sure the power is turned on for both the PC
and EtheRx Hub. The power LED should be lit.
2. Verify the network drivers have been loaded from the PC. Some
adapters require the drivers to be loaded to establish a proper link.
3. Make sure the correct cable type is selected.
4. Make sure the cable is wired properly and connected on both ends.
5. If steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct, the cable may be defective or
not wired correctly. Replace the cable and try again. Please
refer to Appendix A for pin assignments and Appendix B for
cabling guidelines.

Hardware Installation 7
KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
Cascade Switch
The cascade switch provides cable wiring flexibility on the last UTP Port (i.e.,
Port 16 or Port 24) for connecting to a workstation or cascading to another hub.
By default, the last UTP port is set to “Crossover” (left side) as a standard,
internally-crossed port, or MDI-X port. Depending on the wiring of your UTP
cable (normally “Straight-Thru”), the port is used to connect a workstation.
For cascading to another hub using a straight-thru cable, move the cascade
switch to “Straight-Thru” (right side). If a crossover UTP cable is used to
cascade to another hub, leave the cascade switch in the “Crossover” position.
Using a Straight-Thru Cable
"Straight-Thru"
Position
for hub to hub
cascading
(MDI to MDI-X)
24
CASCADE
CABLE TYPE
24
CASCADE
CABLE TYPE
"Crossover"
Default Position
for NIC/Router
connections
(MDI-X to MDI)
Using a Crossover Cable
"Straight-Thru"
Position
for NIC/Router
connections
(MDI to MDI)
24
CASCADE
CABLE TYPE
24
CASCADE
CABLE TYPE
"Crossover"
Default Position
for hub to hub
cascading
(MDI-X to MDI-X)
MDI (Media Dependent Interface) is the standard that defines the mechanical
and electrical configuration of a UTP port. For any two devices to
communicate on the network, the transmitter of one device must be connected
to the receiver of the other device. This can be achieved by using a crossover
cable, or by using one MDI-X port that implements the cross-over internally.
Switch
Position
Port
Config
For Connection to
Another Hub Port (MDI-X)
For Connection to a Network
Adapter or Router (MDI)
MDI-X Use Crossover cable Use Straight-Thru cable
MDI Use Straight-Thru cable Use Crossover cable
Table 1. Switch Position and Cable Types

8 Hardware Installation
Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
Rear Panel
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
AUI
OFF
ON
100-240VAC 50-60HZ 1A
EXTERNAL TRANSCEIVER
( SQE JUMPER DISABLED)
UTILIZATION % - Bar graph indication
(in percentage) of the traffic rate in
reference to the 10 Mbp Ethernet
bandwidth.
COLL %
UTIL %
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
Green
Green
Green
Amber
Orange
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber
Red
COLLISION % - Bargraph indication
(in percentage) of the packet colli ion
rate in the network.
PORT #16 OR PORT #24
CASCADE CONFIGURATION
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing traight-thru cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing cro -over cable.
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing cro -over cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing traight-thru cable.
BNC
Stacking Ports BNC Port AUI Port
Power
Switch
AC Power
Connector
Fig. 2. Hub Rear Panel
Power Switch
The power switch toggles power on and off to the unit. The switch can also be
used to reset the hub.
AC Power Connector
The EtheRx hubs use an auto-sensing 100VAC-240VAC, 50/60Hz internal
power supply. Connect the AC power cord from the rear of the unit to an AC
electrical outlet.
AUI Port
The AUI port is a 15-pin D-sub connector. It is a general purpose port for
backbone or mixed media connections for 10BASE2, 10BASE5, 10BASE-T,
or FOIRL connections using a proper external transceiver.
BNC Port
This port is labeled BNC, and has a built-in transceiver for direct 10BASE2
connection using thin coaxial cable. Use RG-58 A/U or RG-58 C/U type
cable. Refer to Appendix B for 10BASE2 cabling guidelines when connecting
to this port.
Stacking Ports
The two ports are labeled“Stack-In” and “Stack-Out” for stacking up to five
(5) EtheRx Pro-Series hubs in any combination of 16-Port and 24-Port models.
Refer to the section, “Stacking EtheRx Hubs” on the next page for instructions.

Hardware Installation 9
KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
Stacking EtheRx Hubs
The EtheRx hubs use stacking ports located on the rear panel to stack up to five
hubs in any combination of 16-Port KNE16TP/RS and 24-Port KNE24TP/RS
models. Follow the directions below to stack up to five hubs together:
1. Locate the 5.5” shielded stacking cable included with your package
contents.
2. Plug one end of the cable into the port labeled, “Stack-Out” on the
first hub.
3. Plug the other end of the cable into the “Stack-In” port on the second
hub.
4. Connect the AC power cord to each hub, then flip the power switch
to turn on power to the unit.
5. Repeat the process to stack additional hubs up to a maximum of five
(5) hubs.
Kingston’s Stack-n-Play™feature offers greater scalabilty to add UTP ports
without the need to configure ID or termination switches. EtheRx hubs when
stacked together are recognized as a single repeater unit on the network. By
stacking hubs together, you can expand the total number of UTP port
connections from 16 to 80 or from 24 to 120 UTP ports, depending on the
model. A maximum of five (5) Pro-Series hubs can be stacked in any
combination of 16 and 24-Port hub models.
Kingston’s Hot-Stack™feature allows the addition of new hubs to the top or
bottom of a stack without the need to power down the existing hubs.
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
AUI
OFF
ON
100-240VAC50-60HZ1A
EXTERNALTRANSCEIVER
(SQE JUMPER DISABLED)
UTILIZATION % - Bar graph indication
(in percentage) of the traffic rate in
reference to the 10 Mbp Ethernet
bandwidth.
COLL %
UTIL %
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
Green
Green
Green
Amber
Orange
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber
Red
COLLISION % - Bargraph indication
(in percentage) of the packet colli ion
rate in the network.
PORT #16 OR PORT #24
CASCADE CONFIGURATION
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing traight-thru cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing cro -over cable.
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing cro -over cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing traight-thru cable.
BNC
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
AUI
OFF
ON
100-240VAC50-60HZ1A
EXTERNALTRANSCEIVER
(SQE JUMPER DISABLED)
UTILIZATION % - Bar graph indication
(in percentage) of the traffic rate in
reference to the 10 Mbp Ethernet
bandwidth.
COLL %
UTIL %
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
Green
Green
Green
Amber
Orange
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber
Red
COLLISION % - Bargraph indication
(in percentage) of the packet colli ion
rate in the network.
PORT #16 OR PORT #24
CASCADE CONFIGURATION
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing traight-thru cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing cro -over cable.
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing cro -over cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing traight-thru cable.
BNC
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
AUI
OFF
ON
100-240VAC50-60HZ1A
EXTERNALTRANSCEIVER
(SQE JUMPER DISABLED)
UTILIZATION % - Bar graph indication
(in percentage) of the traffic rate in
reference to the 10 Mbp Ethernet
bandwidth.
COLL %
UTIL %
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
Green
Green
Green
Amber
Orange
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber
Red
COLLISION % - Bargraph indication
(in percentage) of the packet colli ion
rate in the network.
PORT #16 OR PORT #24
CASCADE CONFIGURATION
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing traight-thru cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing cro -over cable.
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing cro -over cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing traight-thru cable.
BNC
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
AUI
OFF
ON
100-240VAC50-60HZ1A
EXTERNALTRANSCEIVER
(SQE JUMPER DISABLED)
UTILIZATION % - Bar graph indication
(in percentage) of the traffic rate in
reference to the 10 Mbp Ethernet
bandwidth.
COLL %
UTIL %
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
Green
Green
Green
Amber
Orange
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber
Red
COLLISION % - Bargraph indication
(in percentage) of the packet colli ion
rate in the network.
PORT #16 OR PORT #24
CASCADE CONFIGURATION
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing traight-thru cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing cro -over cable.
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing cro -over cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing traight-thru cable.
BNC
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
AUI
OFF
ON
100-240VAC50-60HZ1A
EXTERNALTRANSCEIVER
(SQE JUMPER DISABLED)
UTILIZATION % - Bar graph indication
(in percentage) of the traffic rate in
reference to the 10 Mbp Ethernet
bandwidth.
COLL %
UTIL %
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
Green
Green
Green
Amber
Orange
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber
Red
COLLISION % - Bargraph indication
(in percentage) of the packet colli ion
rate in the network.
PORT #16 OR PORT #24
CASCADE CONFIGURATION
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing traight-thru cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing cro -over cable.
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing cro -over cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing traight-thru cable.
BNC
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
PORT #16 OR P
CASCADE CONFIG
For ca cading to
hub port u ing
For connection t
u ing cro -ove
For ca cading to
hub port u ing c
For connection t
u ing traight-th
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
PORT #16 OR P
CASCADE CONFIG
For ca cading to
hub port u ing
For connection t
u ing cro -ove
For ca cading to
hub port u ing c
For connection t
u ing traight-th
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
PORT #16 OR P
CASCADE CONFIG
For ca cading to
hub port u ing
For connection t
u ing cro -ove
For ca cading to
hub port u ing c
For connection t
u ing traight-th
Stack
up to
5 hubs
maximum
Fig. 3. Stacking Additional Hubs

10 Network Configurations
Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
Network Configurations
The installation of the EtheRx hub is simple and can be configured for either
the Ethernet Star topology or Linear Bus topology. The hubs may also be
vertically stacked or horizontally cascaded to other Ethernet hubs. For
cascading, please observe the Ethernet 5-4-3 Rule.
Ethernet 5-4-3 Rule
The Ethernet 5-4-3 rule states that the maximum transmission path permitted
between any two stations is:
•5 segments
•4 repeater sets
•3 coax segments. The remaining 2 segments may be linked segments
Ethernet Star Network
The typical network configuration for 10BASE-T Ethernet is a Star Topology,
in which nodes are connected to a central Ethernet hub. Since a Crossover
function is implemented on all ports (except the last UTP port which uses a
cascade switch to support both cable types), a straight-thru UTP cable should
be used. The physical network connection is illustrated in Figure 4.
Pro-Series Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL %
COLL %
LINK / ACT / PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLE TYPE
Fig. 4. Star Network Connection

Network Configurations 11
KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
Linear Bus Network
The typical network configuration for 10BASE2 networks is a Linear Bus
topology in which nodes are connected via thin coaxial cabling using the BNC
connector. A 50Ω(Ohm) terminator must be attached to each end of the trunk
segment and one of the terminators must be grounded. The maximum cable
length is 185M per segment. To minimize cable-related problems, do not mix
single filament (black PVC jacket) with stranded filament (DEC grey) coaxial
cables on the same network.
Thin Ethernet Coax Cable
Up to 30 Node
50-Ohm Grounded
Terminator
STACK-IN STACK-OUT
AUI
OFF
ON
100-240VAC50-60HZ 1A
EXTERNALTRANSCEIVER
( SQE JUMPER DISABLED)
UTILIZATION % - Bar graph indication
(in percentage) of the traffic rate in
reference to the 10 Mbp Ethernet
bandwidth.
COLL %
UTIL %
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
1%
7%
15%
30%
60%
Green
Green
Green
Amber
Orange
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber
Red
COLLISION % - Bargraph indication
(in percentage) of the packet colli ion
rate in the network.
PORT #16 OR PORT #24
CASCADE CONFIGURATION
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing traight-thru cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing cro -over cable.
For ca cading to another MDI-X
hub port u ing cro -over cable.
For connection to work tation NIC
u ing traight-thru cable.
BNC
50-Ohm Terminator
on la t Node
Fig. 5. Linear Bus Connection
Horizontal Cascading
The EtheRx hubs can be horizontally cascaded to other hubs as long as the
Ethernet 5-4-3 Rule is met. This connection can be made through the BNC
port, AUI port, or one of the UTP ports. To cascade to another hub, use the
last UTP port which has a cascade switch to support either straight-thru or
crossover cable types. Figure 6 below is an example of horizontal cascading
using the KNE24TP/RS under the Ethernet 5-4-3 rule.
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT / PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24 CASCADE
CABLETYPE
234567
88
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3 Segment 4
Segment 5
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT / PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24 CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT / PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24 CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT / PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24 CASCADE
CABLETYPE
100M max.
per segment
Fig. 6. Horizontal Cascading

12 Network Configurations
Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
Cascading with Stacked Hubs
By stacking up to five Pro-Series hubs per segment, the number of UTP ports
increases dramatically. The total number of UTP ports changes from 90 (shown
in Figure 6) to 474 (shown below). Figure 7 listed below is an example of
horizontal cascading with stacked hubs under the Ethernet 5-4-3 rule.
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3 Segment 4
Segment 5
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Slick-Stack Ethernet Hub
KNE24TP/RS
AUI BNC
34 21
PWR
UTIL%
COLL%
LINK/ ACT/ PARTITION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
15 16 1413 19 20 1817
78 6511
12
109
21 22 23 24
CASCADE
CABLETYPE
Fig. 7. Cascading Stacked Hubs

13
KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01 Kingston Technology Company
Appendices

14 Appendix A Pin Assignments
Kingston Technology Company KNE24TP/RS User’s Guide - Rev. A01
Appendix A Pin Assignments
UTP Pin Assignments
UTP Ports use RJ-45 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling. Cable Pin
Numbers and Pin Wiring Assignments are listed below in Figure A-1 and Table
A-2, respectively. Twisted-Pair cables can be wired with either Straight-Thru
or Crossover pin assignments. Both wiring schemes are mentioned in
"Appendix B Cabling Guidelines" for reference in creating a twisted-pair cable.
765
151413
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
34 21
11 12 109
Fig. A-1 RJ-45 Connector Pin Numbers
Pin Number MDI-X / MDI /
1 Receive Data + Transmit Data +
2 Receive Data - Transmit Data -
3 Transmit Data + Receive Data +
4,5 Not Used Not Used
6 Transmit Data - Receive Data -
7,8 Not Used Not Used
Table A-1 UTP Pin Assignments