Kingston Technology KNS1600 User manual

KINGSTON TECHNOLOGY
FAST ETHERX10/100BASE-TX
19” RACK-MOUNTABLE
FAST ETHERNET SWITCH
USER’S GUIDE
MODEL: KNS1600/R

KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Kingston Technology’s
Fast EtheRx 16-Port
10/100BASE-TX 19” Rack-Mountable
Fast Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Part No. 4460169-001.A00
Kingston Technology Company
17600 Newhope
Fountain Valley, CA 92708
[phone]
http://www.kingston.com

Kingston Technology Company Fast EtheRx KNS1600/R - Rev. A00
Important Safety Instructions
1. Read all these instructions.
2. Save these instructions for later use.
3. Follow all warnings and instructions marked on the product.
4. Do not use this product near water.
5. This product should be operated from the type of power
source indicated on the marking label. If you are not sure of
the type of power available, consult your dealer or local
power company.
6. Do not attempt to service this product yourself, as opening or
removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage
points or other risk. Refer all servicing to service personnel.
Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise
1. Diese Hinweise sollten vollständig durchgelesen werden.
2. Diese Hinweise für einen späteren Gebrauch aufbewahren.
3. Allen auf dem Gerät angebrachten Warnungen und
Hinweisen folgen.
4. Das Gerät nicht in der Nähe von Wasser verwenden.
5. Das Gerät nur mit dem Aufkleber bezeichneten
Netzspannung betreiben. Bei Fragen über die Art der
Netzspannung sollte der Händler oder das
Energieversorgungsunternehmen zu rate gezogen werden.
RJ Nicht versuchen das Produkt selbst zu reparieren. In allen
Produkten existieren gefährliche elektrische Spannugen.
Nicht das Gehäuse öffnen.

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KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Table Of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................1
Special Features.......................................................2
Package Contents.....................................................2
Compliance Standards.........................................................3
Design Features...................................................................3
Switching Function....................................................3
Auto-Negotiation.......................................................3
Full-Duplex................................................................3
Store-and-Forward Switching...................................3
Flow Control..............................................................3
Hardware Installation............................................................4
Front Panel ...............................................................4
Power LED...................................................4
100BASE-TX (100TX) LED .........................4
LINK/ACT LED (for both 10 and
100Mbps).....................................................4
Full Duplex and Collision LED.....................5
UTP Ports ....................................................5
Notes on MDI and MDI-X.............................6

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Kingston Technology Company KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
Rear Panel................................................................7
Power Switch...............................................7
AC Power Connector...................................7
Fuse.............................................................7
Fan Units.....................................................7
Appendices ..........................................................................8
Appendix A Pin Assignments................................9
Appendix B Cabling Guidelines...........................10
UTP Cable Wiring Standards....................11
UTP Cable Rating Codes..........................12
Appendix C Specifications...................................13
Appendix D Frequently Asked Questions ...........15
Appendix E Mounting Templates ........................17
Rubber Feet for Desktops .........................17
Brackets for Rack Mounting......................17
Appendix F Product Warranties and Notices......18
Limited Warranty Statement......................18
Duration of Warranty .................................18
Free Technical Support.............................19
Disclaimers................................................19
F.C.C. Certification....................................20
CE Notice ..................................................20
C-Tick Certification....................................20

Introduction 1
KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Introduction
Intended Audience: This manual assumes that the user has a general working
knowledge of networking principles and architecture and is familiar with
network systems in general.
Congratulations on the purchase of your new Kingston Fast EtheRx
10/100BASE-TX 19” Rack-Mountable Fast Ethernet Switch, model
KNS1600/R. The Fast EtheRx Switch is a high-performance 10/100BASE-TX
switch ideal for the small-to-medium businesses. The Fast EtheRx Switch has
sixteen (16) UTP ports that auto-negotiate speed detection for 10/100BASE-TX
and half-duplex / full-duplex mode operation. It is basically designed to allow
Standard 10BASE-T Ethernet networks to communicate with 100BASE-TX
Fast Ethernet networks and to segment both 10Mbps and 100Mbps networks.
The Fast EtheRx Switch complies with IEEE802.3u 100BASE-TX, IEEE802.3i
10BASE-T, and IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD Ethernet Standards.
The Fast EtheRx Switch may be used in both standard desktop and 19” rack-
mount installations (using the mounting brackets provided with the unit) and
requires no hardware or software configuration.
The last port on the Fast EtheRx Switch has two RJ-45 connectors to support
UTP cabling in the straight through and/or crossover wiring configurations.
For easy recognition of network status and troubleshooting, the front panel
includes a variety of diagnostic LEDs including Power, 100TX Speed
Detection, Link, Receive, Transmit, Collision, and Full-Duplex status.
For the remainder of this manual, the KNS1600/R will be referred to as the Fast
EtheRx Switch.
Model KNS1600/R

2 Special Features
Kingston Technology Company KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
Special Features
•Provides automatic switching function between 10Mbps and 100Mbps
•Auto-Negotiation for 10/100Mbps selection
•Auto-Negotiation for half-duplex and full-duplex mode operation
•Uses Store and Forward switching approach to minimize re-
transmission of faulty packets
•Filtering/Forwarding rate of 148,800 packets/second at 100Mbps
•Filtering/Forwarding rate of 14,880 packets/second at 10Mbps
•Supports collision-based flow control
•100TX, Link/Activity, and Full Duplex/Collision LEDs for
troubleshooting
•Power LED
•Last UTP port supports crossover or straight-through cabling
•Conforms to IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX, IEEE 802.3i 10BASE-T, and
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Ethernet Standards
•Internal auto-sensing universal power supply operating at 90-264VAC
(50/60Hz)
Package Contents
Your Fast EtheRx package should contain the following items:
‰KNS1600/R Fast EtheRx Switch
‰AC power cord
‰Mounting kit includes:
(2) Angle brackets
(8) Bracket screws
(4) 10/32” Rack-Mount thumb screws
(4) Rubber feet
‰User's Guide
If any of the above items are missing or damaged, please contact your Kingston
dealer for a replacement. Be sure the items you receive are genuine Kingston
Technology products. If the Kingston name and logo are not on the front panel
of your unit, it is not a genuine Kingston product.

Design Features 3
KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Compliance Standards
The Fast EtheRx Switch complies with the 10/100Mbps functions as defined by
IEEE802.3u 100BASE-TX, IEEE802.3i 10BASE-T, and IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD
Ethernet standards.
Design Features
Switching Function
The Fast EtheRx Switch is basically designed to bridge Standard 10BASE-T
Ethernet networks to 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet networks and to segment 10Mbps
or 100Mbps network segments.
Auto-Negotiation
Auto-Negotiation provides the means of automatically establishing a link by
detecting the link capabilities of the connected device on the network to select the
best operational mode available (i.e. 10/100BASE-TX selection, half- / full-duplex
mode operation, etc.)
Full-Duplex
Full-Duplex transmission means that dedicated inbound and outbound channels are
established for bi-directional transmission of data. This allows the collision
detection mechanism (CSMA/CD) to be by-passed, thus decreasing transmission
delay normally caused by listening, collisions, and packet resends when operating in
half-duplex mode.
Store-and-Forward Switching
The Fast EtheRx Switch uses a packet-forwarding method called Store-and-
Forward, which minimizes the re-transmission of faulty data packets. This means
that the Fast EtheRx Switch can store the incoming frame in an internal buffer and
check the packet for errors before sending it out to the destination port. If the frame
does contain errors, it will be discarded and then retransmitted.
Flow Control
The Fast EtheRx Switch implements a collision-based flow control mechanism that
reduces the risk of data being lost at the congested ports. This is accomplished by
forcing a collision with the data frames on all ports once the free-buffer queue has
reached the pre-set minimum.

4 Front Panel
Kingston Technology Company KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
Hardware Installation
Before you begin installing network cables, please take a few moments to
familiarize yourself with Fast EtheRx Switch. The functions on the front and
rear panels are illustrated in the following sections.
Fig. 1-KNS1600/R Front Panel
Front Panel
Power LED
The PWR LED indicates the power status of the Fast EtheRx switch. The LED
will light up steady green when the AC power cord is connected to the unit
from a power source and the power switch on the unit has been turned on.
100BASE-TX (100TX) LED
The 100TX LED will automatically light up when 100Mbps operation is
detected. This LED will not light up if 10Mbps operation is detected.
LINK/ACT LED (for both 10 and 100Mbps)
The LINK/ACT LED uses a single LED to display two functions. A steady
green light indicates that a good link has been established, and a flashing green
light indicates when data is being received or transmitted. If the LED does not
display solid green indicating a good link, check the following:
1. Make sure that the power is turned on for both the Fast
EtheRx Switch and the attached device.
2. Verify that the drivers for the network adapter have been
loaded on the PC. Some network adapters require that the
driver be loaded before establishing a proper link.

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KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
3. Make sure the cable is wired properly and connected on both
ends.
4. Make sure the correct cable type has been selected.
5. If steps 1 through 4 are correct, please check the cable, as it
may be defective or wired incorrectly. Replace the cable and
try again. Please refer to Appendix A for Pin Assignments
and Appendix B for Cabling Guidelines.
Full Duplex and Collision LED
The FDX/COLL LED uses a dual color LED to display two functions. A solid
green light indicates that Full-Duplex operation has been detected. A flashing
amber light indicates that a collision has occurred in half-duplex mode. Full-
Duplex mode is auto-negotiated on all UTP ports.
UTP Ports
The Fast EtheRx Switch has sixteen (16) 10/100Mbps UTP ports that auto-
negotiate 10/100BASE-TX connections and half- or full-duplex mode
operation. The last UTP port has two RJ-45 port connectors for support of
UTP cabling in the crossover or straight-through wiring configuration. Only
one of the two ports may be utilized.
The RJ-45 port marked is internally crossed like all other UTP ports. By
default, all repeater and switched UTP ports are generally configured as
standard MDI-X, or internally crossed ports. With a straight-through cable, this
port can be used for cascading to a standard MDI device, such as a network
adapter or router. With a crossover cable, this port can be used for cascading to
another MDI-X device, such as a hub.
The RJ-45 port marked is a standard straight-through port. With a
crossover cable, this port can be used for cascading to another MDI device,
such as a network adapter or router. With a straight-through cable, this port can
be used for cascading to an internally crossed MDI-X device, such as a
repeater, or hub.

6 Front Panel
Kingston Technology Company KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
The following diagrams show the relationship between cable type and which
UTP port connector to use. To verify the pin wiring of your UTP cable, see
“Appendix A Pin Assignments.”
Using a Straight-Through Cable
Use the port
labeled when
connecting to a
network card or
other MDI device.
Use the port
labeled when
connecting to a
hub or other MDI-
X device.
Using a Crossover Cable
Use the port
labeled when
connecting to a
network card or
other MDI device.
Use the port
labeled when
connecting to a
hub or other MDI-
X device.
Notes on MDI and MDI-X
MDI (Media Dependent Interface) is the standard that defines the mechanical
and electrical configuration of a UTP port. For any two devices to
communicate with each other on the network, the transmitter of one device
must be connected to the receiver of the other device. This can be achieved by
using a crossover cable, or by using the MDI-X port, which implements the
crossover internally.
Ports 1 through 15, like all normal hub ports, are configured as MDI-X. Port 16
supports both MDI and MDI-X configurations. All NICs (Network Interface
Cards) and Router ports are usually by default configured MDI.
Note: Do not use both ports labeled port 16, only one connection can be used.
Port 16 Port
Config For connection to another hub (MDI-X) For connection to a NIC or router (MDI)
MDI-X Use cross-over cable Use straight-through cable
MDI Use straight-through cable Use cross-over cable

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KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Rear Panel
Figure 2 – KNS1600/R Rear Panel
Power Switch
The AC Power switch turns the unit kj or kbb. If the PWR LED does not
light up when the unit is turned on, please check the following:
1. Try a different AC power outlet.
2. Check the external fuse located in the back of the unit (below the AC
power connector.) If the fuse is blown, replace it with the spare fuse
provided with the unit (located below the AC power connector).
3. The power supply may be defective. Return the unit for replacement.
)WARNING: For safety reasons, DO NOT attempt to open and
service the unit. There are no user-serviceable components inside.
AC Power Connector
The Fast EtheRx switch uses an auto-sensing 100VAC-240VAC, 50/60Hz internal power
supply. Connect the AC power cord from the back of the unit to an AC electrical outlet.
Fuse
The Fast EtheRx switch comes equipped
with a 250V (2 Amp max.) external fuse
and one spare fuse. Both fuses are located
in a fuse holder located just below the AC
power connector on the back of the unit.
Spare
Fuse
Fuse (250V, 2A)
USE ONLY WITH A 250V FUSE
USEONLY WITHA 250V FUSE
Fan Units
The Fast EtheRx Switch uses two independent cooling fans for optimum air-flow to
safeguard the unit from unnecessary heat exposure.
USE ONLY WITH A 250V FUSE
Fan UnitFan Unit
Fuse (250V, 2A)
Power Switch
AC Power
Connector
MDI / MDI-X
Configuration Table

8 Appendices
Kingston Technology Company KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
Appendices

Appendix A Pin Assignments 9
KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Appendix A Pin Assignments
UTP Port Pin Assignments
The UTP ports use RJ-45 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling. Connector
pin numbers and pin wiring assignments are listed below in Figure A-1 and
Table A-1, respectively. Twisted-Pair cables can be wired with either straight-
through or crossover pin assignments. Both wiring schemes are mentioned in
"Appendix B Cabling Guidelines" for reference in creating a twisted-pair cable.
UTP Port
ACT
Fig. A-1 RJ-45 Connector Pin Numbers
Pin Number MDI-X MDI
1 Receive Data + Transmit Data +
2 Receive Data - Transmit Data -
3 Transmit Data + Receive Data +
4,5 Not Used Not Used
6 Transmit Data - Receive Data -
7,8 Not Used Not Used
Table A-1 UTP Pin Assignments

10 Appendix B Cabling Guidelines
Kingston Technology Company KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
Appendix B Cabling Guidelines
UTP Cable Type
When installing network cables, the following table shows appropriate cabling
guidelines for 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet architecture.
Cabling Components: 100BASE-TX
Trunk and Patch Cable
Type: 4-Pair 100ΩUTP CAT 5
(only 2 pairs used)
Modular Plug: 8-Pin RJ-45 CAT 5 only
Patch Panel: 8-Pin RJ-45 CAT 5 only
Table B-1 Network Cable Guidelines
(NOTE: All UTP cables come in both solid and stranded filament. Solid
filament cables are more rigid and usually intended for trunk cabling.
Stranded filament cables are more pliable and generally targeted for patch
cables. For proper termination, use the correct RJ-45 connector, as they
differ for each type of cable.)
UTP Cable Wiring
UTP cables are wired based on one of two standard pin configurations:
Straight-Through and Crossover. 100BASE-TX uses only Category-5 UTP
cables with four pairs of wire as illustrated below in Tables B-2 and B-3.
"Straight-Through" "Cross-Over”
Configuration Configuration
Pin Number Pin Number Pin Number Pin Number
1 (TRX+) 1 (TRX+) 1 (TRX+) 3 (RCV+)
2 (TRX-) 2 (TRX-) 2 (TRX-) 6 (RCV-)
3 (RCV+) 3 (RCV+) 3 (RCV+) 1 (TRX+)
6 (RCV-) 6 (RCV-) 6 (RCV-) 2 (TRX-)
4, 5, 7, 8 Not Used 4, 5, 7, 8 Not Used
Table B-2. Straight-Through Wiring Table B-3. Cross-Over Wiring

Appendix B Cabling Guidelines 11
KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
UTP Cable Wiring Standards
There are two governmental agencies: the Electronic Industry Association
(EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), which set the
standard for all cable wiring requirements for commercial buildings.
With the advent of 100Mb/s networking products, it is best to use higher
quality CAT 5 cables like Belden or Helix as well as CAT 5-compliant patch
panels, patch cables, and connectors while following the EIA/TIA wiring
standards. 100 ΩUTP CAT 5 type cables use 4-pair UTP wiring.
Refer to the illustrations below for 4-pair wiring using either T568A (Fig. B-1)
or T568B (Fig. B-2) wiring standards. Both T568A and T568B wiring is
compatible with 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX and require no special
configurations, but for premise wiring, stick to one wiring standard. Mixing
T568A and T568B wiring schemes may cause or lead to potential problems.
Fig. B-1 4-Pair T568A Wiring Fig. B-2 4-Pair T568B Wiring
T568A Pairs Strand Solid T568B Pairs Strand Solid
Pin 1 Pair 3 Blue White/Green Pin 1 Pair 2 Black White/Orange
Pin 2 Pair 3 Orange Green/White Pin 2 Pair 2 Yellow Orange/White
Pin 3 Pair 2 Black White/Orange Pin 3 Pair 3 Blue White/Green
Pin 4 Pair 1 Red Blue/White Pin 4 Pair 1 Red Blue/White
Pin 5 Pair 1 Green White/Blue Pin 5 Pair 1 Green White/Blue
Pin 6 Pair 2 Yellow Orange/White Pin 6 Pair 3 Orange Green/White
Pin 7 Pair 4 Brown White/Brown Pin 7 Pair 4 Brown White/Brown
Pin 8 Pair 4 White Brown/White Pin 8 Pair 4 White Brown/White
Table B-4 4-Pair T568A Wiring Table B-5 4-Pair T568B Wiring
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pair 2
Pair 3 Pair 1 Pair 4
T568A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pair 3
Pair 2 Pair 1 Pair 4
T568B

12 Appendix B Cabling Guidelines
Kingston Technology Company KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
UTP Cable Rating Codes
UTP cables meet different UL-NEC requirements based mostly on cable-jacket
quality. Below is an explanation of the rating codes for each cable type.
UL – The National Electrical Code (NEC), published by the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA), details advisory safety considerations for
electrical wiring. NEC Article 800 Communications Cables are manufactured
to meet these different cable types.
1. CMP – Cables meeting type CMP requirements are suitable for
installation in ducts and plenums without the use of conduit. These cables
are designed for fire resistance and low-smoke and toxin producing
characteristics.
2. CMR – Riser type cables are engineered to prevent the spread of fire from
floor to floor and are suitable for vertical shaft applications.
3. CM – Cables for general building wiring. CM cables are used in areas
other than plenums and risers. These cables are resistant to the spread of
fire and pass the UL 1581Vertical Tray Flame Test.
4. MP, MPR & MPP – Within Article 800, the Multi-purpose Cables
Category, allows conditional substitutions between different cable types &
are restricted by number, AWG size and stranding of the cable conductors.
Terms You Should Be Familiar With
1. BACKBONE WIRING – The physical/electrical interconnections
between telecommunications wiring closets and equipment rooms.
2. COMPLIANCE – A datacomm or wiring device that meets all
characteristics of a standard is said to be in compliance with that standard.
3. PREMISE WIRING – The entire wiring system on the premises,
especially the supporting wiring that connects the communications outlets
to the network interface jack.
PJ NEAR-END CROSSTALK (NEXT) – In wires packed together within a
cable, the signals generated at one end of the link can flush out the weaker
signals coming back from the recipient.

Appendix C Specifications 13
KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Appendix C Specifications
Fast EtheRx Model KNS1600R
Compliance: IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX Standard
IEEE802.3i 10BASE-T Standard
IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD Ethernet Standard
Media Interface: Sixteen (16) auto-negotiating 10/100 Mbps UTP ports
Uplink Port: Port 16
10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Auto-Negotiation
Half / Full-duplex mode: Auto-Negotiation
Diagnostic LEDs: 1 LED for Power Indicator (green)
16 LEDs for 100BASE-TX speed detection (steady
green)
16 LEDs for Link/Activity detection (steady
green/flashing green)
16 LEDs for Full Duplex/Collision detection (steady
green/flashing amber)
Switching Approach: Store-and-Forward
Flow Control:
Half-Duplex
Full-Duplex:
Collision-based Backpressure
IEEE 802.3x
MAC Address Support: 2K MAC addresses
Filtering/Forwarding
Rate (min. packet size):
148,800 packets/second @ 100Mbps
14,880 packets/second @ 10Mbps
Latency (min. packet size.)
100Mbps to 100Mbps ≤12.5µs
10Mbps to 10Mbps ≤69.7µs
Max Segment Length: 100 meters (328 feet)
Connector Type: RJ-45, Female
Cable Type: UTP 26 to 22 AWG
Cable Grade:
100BASE-TX:
10BASE-T:
Category 5 or better
Category 3, 4, 5 or better
Environmental:
Operating Temp. 0°C to 45°C (32°F to 113°F)
Storage Temp. -20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F)
Relative Humidity 10% to 90% non-condensing
Electrical:
Input Voltage: 90VAC – 264VAC, 50/60Hz, Autosensing
Output Voltage: 3.3VDC/12A. 5VDC/4A
Power Consumption: 16.5 Watts maximum

14 Appendix C Specifications
Kingston Technology Company KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00
Physical:
Dimension (HxWxD): 1.69” x 17.32” x 7.88”
(43.30mm x 443.40mm x 201.70mm)
Weight: 6.3 lbs. (2.9 kg)
Certification
EMI Standards: FCC Class A, CE CISPR A, C-Tick
EMC Standards: EN55022, IEC801-2, IEC801-3, IEC801-4
Low Voltage Directive: EN60950
Safety Standards: UL, cUL, TUV

Appendix D Frequently Asked Questions 15
KNS1600/R User’s Guide - Rev. A00 Kingston Technology Company
Appendix D Frequently Asked Questions
What is a switch and what does it do?
Switching hubs are low-latency devices that allow you to maximize the
bandwidth of a network using concurrent access within the unit. Switches
allow you to segment LANs, connect LANs of different speeds, or extend the
collision domain of an existing LAN.
What’s the difference between a repeater and a switch?
A repeater is a device that extends the diameter of a network by regenerating
and forwarding received Ethernet packets. It repeats incoming signals to all
other ports on the device.
Like a repeater, a switch can also extend the diameter of a network. However,
a switch can also extend the collision domain of a network, like bridging a
10Mbps Ethernet LAN with a 100Mbps Fast Ethernet LAN. See the
illustration below. A switch can also be configured to operate in half-duplex or
full-duplex mode, whereas a repeater can only operate in half-duplex mode.
Switching Fabric
Repeater (Shared Bus) Repeater (Shared Bus) Repeater (Shared Bus)
100 100 100 10 10 10 100 100 100
Switching fabric isolates each of the shared buses
(repeaters) into its own collision domain.
Collision Domain 1 Collision Domain 2 Collision Domain 3