Klein K Series User manual

© 2003 Klein Instruments Corporation
Klein K-Series Colorimeter
K-1
K-10
User's Manual

All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or
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While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the author assume no
responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this
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the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused
directly or indirectly by this document.
Printed: April 2003 in Portland, Oregon USA
Klein K-Series User's Manual
Copyright © 2003 Klein Instruments Corporation

Table of Contents
Foreword 1
Part I Introduction 2
................................................................................................................................... 21 Welcome
................................................................................................................................... 22 Unpacking the K Colorimeter
................................................................................................................................... 23 Product Overview
Part II Chapter 1: Installing the PC Program 3
................................................................................................................................... 31 Installing the PC Program
Part III Chapter 2: Taking a Color Measurement 4
................................................................................................................................... 41 Taking a Color Measurement
Part IV Chapter 3: Gamma Measurements 6
................................................................................................................................... 61 Gamma Measurement
Part V Chapter 4: Flicker Measurements 7
................................................................................................................................... 71 Flicker Measurements
Part VI Chapter 5: Data Logging 8
................................................................................................................................... 91 Data Logging, Single White Point Spec
................................................................................................................................... 132 Data Logging Multiple White Specs
................................................................................................................................... 153 Making and Printing Reports
Part VII Chapter 6: Custom Calibration 18
................................................................................................................................... 181 Custom Calibration
Index 26
IContents
I
© 2003 Klein Instruments Corporation

Foreword
This is just another title page
placed between table of contents
and topics
Foreword1
© 2003 Klein Instruments Corporation

Introduction 2
© 2003 Klein Instruments Corporation
1 Introduction
1.1 Welcome
Klein K Colorimeter Manual v 3.0.145
Congratulations for purchasing the Klein K Colorimeter. The Klein K Colorimeter is a highly accurate
serial port colorimeter and flicker meter with included PC program. Its optical filters are carefully
constructed to conform to the CIE 1931 Photopic xyY color measurement system. The electronics of the
colorimeter take 256 simultaneous XY and Z readings per second, and communicate these to a
controlling PC program via the PC RS-232 comm port.
1.2 Unpacking the K Colorimeter
Hardware
K-1 Colorimeter
The Klein Instruments K-1 Colorimeter includes:
Klein K-1 Colorimeter body
Black Rubber slip-on boot
Attached Cable; Comm with Power
RS-232 9 DIN comm plug
5v connector (USB male style plug)
5v Power Supply (USB female style plug)
CD including Klein K Colorimeter PC program and Manual
K-10 Colorimeter
The Klein Instruments K-10 Colorimeter includes:
Klein K-10 Colorimeter body with lens
Black Rubber boot with 52mm threads
Attached Cable; Comm with Power
RS-232 9 DIN comm plug
5v connector (USB male style plug)
5v Power Supply (USB female style plug)
CD including Klein K Colorimeter PC program and Manual
The K series Colorimeter is a serial port device, intended to be used with the Klien K Colorimeter PC
program. It draws power from an attached 5v cable (USB style connector). The 5v power may also be
taken from a standard USB port.
1.3 Product Overview
Hardware Requirements

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To use the K Colorimeter, you must have a
·
K Colorimeter
·
5v Power Source (supplied, or plug into a USB port for power)
·
Windows based PC with a RS-232 comm port (win 95 or greater)
·
Klein K Colorimeter PC program (requires 20M of hard drive space)
K-1 Colorimeter
The K-1 is designed for measuring luminance and color from a diffuse source, such as a CRT. The K-1 is
also useful for taking Lux measurements from a front projector.
K-10 Colorimeter
The K-10 has a +/- 5 degree angular input aperture, and is used for measuring luminance and color from
a directional but partially diffuse source, such as an LCD display or a rear projector display.
Flicker Meter Function Included
Both the K-1 and the K-10 are also fully functional flicker meters. They feed real time data to the pc
program which performs a Fast Fourier Transform and graphs the data as frequency versus amplitude.
OpticalFilters
Inside the Klein K Colorimeter are three optical filter sets, one each for CIE X, Y, and Z, and three silicon
detectors.
Electronic Filters, A/D and Microprocessor
Each Optical Filter and silicon detector has its own electronic channel consisting of a 6 step auto-
ranging amplifier and access to a 12 bit A/D with 4 dither steps. The A/D is read 256 times per second
by a microprocessor.
Each electronic channel amplifier has a 3 pole 28 Hz analog filter, which, along with digital the averaging
function, filters out unwanted 60 Hz and faster noise. For flicker measurements, the data is sent as raw
unaveraged 256 measurements per second.
On-board Flash Memory in the Colorimeter
The K Colorimeter will store up to 96 custom calibrations in Flash memory. These are easily accessable
via the Klein Colorimeter PC program. The calibration files can be named by monitor type for ease of
remembering which calibration file is which.
2Chapter 1: Installing the PC Program
2.1 Installing the PC Program
The Klein K Colorimeter PC Program is intended to be run on pc's with windows 95 and later. The PC
program uses a comm port for communication to the colorimeter, and it uses database functions for data
logging.

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© 2003 Klein Instruments Corporation
To Install the Klein K Colorimeter PC Program
On the CD included, find and open the file: "Setup.exe".
Install the Klein PC program in the locations suggested.
The installation of the Klein K Colorimeter PC Program will add folders and files to the newly created
folder:
C: \ Program Files \ KLEIN
In addition, the program makes use of microsoft .dll files. If these are missing from your computer, the
setup program installs them. If they already exist on your pc, the setup program will allow you to keep
the old files or install new ones.
If you log data, the log files will be found in the folder:
C: \ Program Files \ KLEIN \ DataBase
To Uninstall the Klein K Colorimeter PC Program
If you wish to uninstall the program, Klein recommends that you simply delete the KLEIN folder. This has
shown to be effective and safe.
If you wish to remove all the Microsoft .dll files that the Klein Setup may have included, you may use the
Microsoft START / Settings / Control Panel / Add_Remove Programs.
3Chapter 2: Taking a Color Measurement
3.1 Taking a Color Measurement
Attaching the Colorimeter to the PC
To attach the Colorimeter to a PC, plug the 9 pin Comm connector into the PC's comm port. Also attach
the USB style connector to the (supplied) 5v source. For the 5v source, you may instead use one of your
PC's USB ports as a power source. If you know which comm port you have attached to, you may enter it
into the PC program (below).
Run the Klein PC Program
The Klein K Colorimeter program is accessable from the "Start" button, then "Programs", then "Klein".
The Klein K Colorimeter program can also be found in C:\ Program Files \ Klein.
Theprogram interface::

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With the CIE Chart Graph Mode chosen, the display may look like this:
On first hookup, there may be an error message telling you that the colorimeter is not responding.
In the menu item "Comm", choose the comm port to which the colorimeter is attached. Press "Measure
Color" to test the comm connection.
Also on first hookup, the program will load use the "Factory Default" Color Correction file.
Press the "Measure Color" button.

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© 2003 Klein Instruments Corporation
The Measure Indicator above the "Measure Color" button will begin to flash, and u'v'Y values will begin
to show in the measurement windows, and also the graph area.
You may switch color measurement from xyY ot u'v'Y by pressing the Display Units buttons.
This will also change the graphic units.
You may view the graphic of the color data by choosing the Graph to be CIE (shown above), Maginfied
(for a closer look at the center of the CIE graph), or Bar (startup default. Sliders, for making adjustments.
There will also be an "OK/NoPass" shown below the Y slider. This can be turned on or off from the menu
item "Setup".
4Chapter 3: Gamma Measurements
4.1 Gamma Measurement
The Gamma Measurement function is accessed from the "Gamma" button on the main window.
By aiming the colorimeter at a display which is running the Klein K Colorimeter PC program, the user
can run a test which will calculate the gamma of the display and display driver.
The number of video intensity steps is programmable in the menu item"Gamma Test Setup".
When the colorimeter has taken the number of readings required by the Gamma Test Setup, a graph is

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created, showing Gamma, Contrast Ratio, and White Balance at Grey Levels. The OK / NoPass criteria
for gamma is set in the menu "Gamma Test Setup".
The gamma report includes a graph of R, G, B, and Y (white Intensity) gamma, and the determined
Gamma value for white.
5Chapter 4: Flicker Measurements
5.1 Flicker Measurements
The flicker feature of the Klein K Colorimeter PC program is accessed by pressing the "Gamma" button
on the Main window.
The colorimeter provides raw Y data at 256/second. The pc program has downloaded a conversion file for
frequency sensitivity, and uses it to scale the FFT tranform of the received data. The data is updated 8
times per second.
The flicker shown is for Y of a display, and it is graphed in true intensity versus frequency. It is displayed
in percent, or dB.
There is a button which will apply a JEITA discount to the flicker FFT data. Highest flicker intensity, and
frequency is displayed, along with the entire intensity versus frequency curve.

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Because frequencies are shown with precision, and all frequencies are shown, contributions to flicker
from various components can be easily measured.
The updating of data at 8 times per second is rapid enough for real-time adjustments to be made to TFT
panel bias balance.
6Chapter 5: Data Logging
The Klein K Colorimeter Program allows for data logging of single or multiple points, single or multiple
spec's.
Each logging entry includes 50 items, including:
Time/Date
Work Order Number
Model + Ext (Spec file name)
SerialNumber
Operator
Shift
xy or u'v' spec mode
x spec
y spec
Y spec
Measurement data (for one to 9 data points)
x (or u') value
y(orv')value

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Yvalue
The logged data can be graphed on a histogram and measured value graph for each model and spec,
with average, Cpk given for each "Model + Ext (Spec file name)".
The logging feature is best understood by stepping through the logging process.
SeeSub-Chapters:
Data Logging Single White Point Spec
Data Logging Multiple White Point Specs
Making and Printing Reports
6.1 Data Logging, Single White Point Spec
Attach the colorimeter, choose the comm port, press the Measure Color button to verify operation..
Choose the Model Spec (Color Calibration and Spec File) desired from the Model Spec window.
Select the menu item "Special Tests / Data Logging and Graphing" and the "Data Logging" window will
appear.
The Klein program keeps a running log of all measurements taken, stored in the KLEIN / Database
folder.
When the Data Logging window is opened for the first time in a new month, the program will save the
current database and offer to begin a new one. We suggest that you choose "yes" if this happens. Your
previous month's database will be stored in the KLEIN / Database / Archive folder, named with the
current year and month.

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DataLogging (continued)
The "Model" name appears in the upper left part of the screen. This Model was selected from the Main
window Setup, and when readings are logged, the spec values (stored in the "Model" file) are written to
the database along with the readings. The saved spec values will be compared to the saved measured
values when QC graphs are made from the data.
There is some setup that may need to be done. Press the menu item "Data Logging Setup"

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The "Operator" and "Shift" are stored with data, for the purpose of sorting data by a certain operator or
shift. They can be chosen or edited now. (or use the default values).
The "Number of Measurement Points" can be chosen now. You may choose up to 9 points to be
measured and stored in a single data record.
The "Y Uniformity Spec" can be chosen now. If more than one measurement points are taken, the "OK /
NoPass" criteria for the record will in part depend on how uniform the measurements are, and the limit for
the criteria is set here. This spec is stored with each record for later data analysis.
The "xyuv' Uniformity Spec" is stored with the record. It is not currently used as part of the "OK /
NoPass" criteria.
The "Absurd Value Test Warning" can be set to a large number (1000) so that it does not interfere with
storing data. If you wish to lock out measurements which are obvious mistakes, you may set this to a
value of 0.5 so that readings which are less than 50%, or more than 150% of the spec will not be
recorded. Other values can be chosen for this as well.
The Data Logging Setup values are stored on the pc.
Close the Data Logging Setup, and the Data Logging window will be as shown:
You are now ready to begin logging data.
You must enter something in the SN# field. You may enter any keyboard characters you wish. You may
enter a "Work Order" number if you wish. This SN# and Work Order number will be stored with each data
record.

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In the example above, the Model is "DM 559 - 6500". The last 4 characters of the model are what we
call a "file extension" or a "Spec Selection", and this is used to select one of possibly several specs for
the same model. In this case, there is only one Spec Selection, here "6500".
To take a reading, point the colorimeter at the area to be measured, and press one of the measure
buttons. The number on the button should change to "ok" or "np" meaning OK or NoPass for that
reading. When all Measure Buttons for the Spec have been pressed, the window next to the Spec
Selection will show "OK" or "NoPass" and the "Record to DataBase" button is enabled.
You may press the "Record to DataBase" button, and the measurements and current specs will be
written to a record in the database. You may press "Show Data" and the details of all records will show
at the bottom of the window. Scroll down to the last entry to see the data you have recorded.
The "Show Report" button will show a graph of the data you have just taken, including an OK / NoPass
indicatior for the uniformity of the Y reading, (depending on the value set in the Data Logging Setup). You
may save the record to an Excel file from the graph window (shown below).
The graph may be printed and used as a Report.

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6.2 Data Logging Multiple White Specs
The Data Logging for Multiple Specs is similar to the Data Logging for a single Spec. However, in the
Data Logging window, two (or three) separate white point spec files can be used for the OK/NoPass
criteria. The picture below shows two White Point Specs being used, "9300" and "6500".
To set up the Logging function to log one display for two white point settings, open the Calibrate menu
item, select a Model Spec file that has 2 or more Inspection Specs (see the section Custom Calibration
to see how to create a set of two or more Model Specs for one Model).

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Then, when the Special Tests / Data Logging window is opened, there will be TWO (or three) specs
showing under "Spec Selection".

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To record data, as in Single White Point Spec, enter a serial number andmeasure the required points by
aiming the colorimeter appropriately and clicking the corrresponding "Measure Buttons" Then select the
second white point inspection buttton, change the display to the new white point, and measure the
required points by aiming the colorimeter appropriately and clicking the corrresponding "Measure
Buttons". After all buttons have been pressed for all Spec Selections, the "Record to DataBase" button
becomes enabled, and the data may be stored to the database (and optionally graphed with the Show
Reportbutton).
When the Report for a dual spec display is made, it appears as two pages of graphs, one page for each
spec of the display.
6.3 Making and Printing Reports
It was shown in "Data Logging, Single White Point Spec" section how to log a reading. Once several
loggings have occured, the data can be accessed in the DataGraph window. To do this, press the
"Graphing" button in the "Data Logging" window.

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The QA - Statistical Contol window will open, showing the default (current) database.

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You may also choose to examine other databases, from the Archive folder for example, by pressing the
"Choose New DataBase" button.
The data shown is ALL the data in the database, and there may be many Models, Dates shown. To see
only a subset of the data, in the "Sort Data By" pull down lists, select only the data you wish to see,
whether it be from a single Model, or Work Order Number, etc.
When the "Draw Graphs" button is pressed, a QC graph is drawn for the xyY (or u'v'Y) data of each
different Model, each different White Point Spec file extension.The graphs will show how many units are
within spec, how close to the spec edge they are, and in which direction. Each graph will include Cpk
data to keep track of process control.