Kleinwächter EFM 022 User manual

MANUAL
Electrostatic Field Meter EFM 022 (V 5.3)
System Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Kleinwächter

2 Manual EFM 022 V5.3
Contents
General information on electrostatics ....................................................................................................................... 3
Origin of electrostatic charge ................................................................................................................................... 3
Product description........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Specifications .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Measuring range Voltmeter ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Measuring range E-Field Meter ............................................................................................................................... 4
Caption ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Operating instructions ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Measuring principle ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Application Areas .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Button Features ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Initiation ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Hold ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Measurement ranges ................................................................................................................................................... 7
E-Field Meter Measurement ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Max. Value ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Changing the measurement distance .................................................................................................................... 8
Spacers ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Measurement with mounted voltage measuring head MK 023 ................................................................. 8
Display ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Battery Monitoring ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
Grounding ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Maintenance ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Zero Point ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Guarantee Items .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Battery Replacement ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Waste disposal ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
Scope of Delivery (only EFM 022 ZBS) .............................................................................................................. 11
Optionally accessories : ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Warning Notices .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Calibration.......................................................................................................................................................................... 12

3 General information on electrostatics
General information on electrostatics
Nowadays ESD1 is a problem at many workstations, because modern microelectronics2 is easily
destroyed by the sequels of ESD. Other branches of industry like e.g. telecommunications-, plas-
tics-, and explosive material industry are also heavily affected by ESD.
ESD causes losses of time as well as high financial losses and can endanger the human health.
Charges of over 10000 Volts can build up on people, clothes, materials and equipment. Devices
that are sensitive to electrostatics can be damaged by electrostatic discharges of less than
100 Volts. Charges of 3000 Volts and more can cause sparks. In endangered areas that can cause
explosions.
Origin of electrostatic charge
Triboelectricity3 is caused by attrition of different materials. Electrons are transferred from one
material to the other. As electrons are charged negative the material that releases electrons is
charged positive. The material collecting electrons is charged negative. There are different ways
to avoid or to discharge electrostatic charges. But to find an effective and reasonable solution
first of all the emergence, amount and polarity of the charge have to be found. Our devices are
suitable for that purpose and for the supervision of preferred charge.
Product description
The unit is housed in an EMV plastic enclosure. The influence electrode is star shaped. In front of
it in a small distance apart a rotating grounded modulation propeller with the same shape as the
electrode is located. The influence electrode is enclosed by a ring electrode system that is used
as mechanical shield for the propeller wheel and the sensor plate. A 2×12 digit alphanumeric LC
display is located at the front of the device.
The device has an integrated micro computer with the following functions:
 Conversion of the measured field intensity over the adjusted measurement distance to
the charge in Volts
 one button operation
 permanent supervision of the battery voltage with automatic shut-down
 charge plate mode4
1 electrostatic discharge
2 integrated circuits
3 Greek: tribeia = friction
4 with optional CPS kit

4 Manual EFM 022 V5.3
Specifications
Dimensions (L x W x H): Approx. 70mm x 122mm x 26mm
Weight: Approx. 130g
Calibration in parallel plate capacitor: 200mm x 200mm, distance 20mm
Calibration accuracy: < 5%
Digital/Analogue Converter DAC Resolution 10Bit
Battery: 9V alkaline or NiMH battery
Operating time: Approx. 10h with alkaline battery
Measuring range Voltmeter
Distance
Measuring range
Max. resolution
1cm 0 … 10kV 1V
2cm 0 … 20kV 2V
5cm 0 … 50kV 5V
10cm
0 … 100kV
10V
20cm 0 … 200kV 20V
Measuring range E-Field Meter
Manual Range
Range with MK 023
Max. resolution
± 20 kV/m ± 200V 20V/m
± 200 kV/m ± 2kV 200V/m
± 1 MV/m *± 4kV 1kV/m
* Maximum measuring voltage with MK 023 !

5 Caption
Caption
1
3
2
4
5
6
7
8
1 Cover cap 5 Spacer
2 Modulator system 6 Zero point trimmer
3 Button «function/on» 7 Alphanumeric LCD display
4 Grounding jack 8 Battery case (on the back)

6 Manual EFM 022 V5.3
Operating instructions
Measuring principle
The electrostatic field meter is a parametric amplifier. The electric field influences a current
proportional to the electrostatic field. The current is amplified and measured with a selective
amplifier. No energy is taken from the field over time means.
No radioactive matters are used!
Application Areas
Detection and Control of electrostatic fields resp. charges, measuring of electric charges, electro-
static charges, very high-resistance voltage sources.
Button Features
On
Press «function/on» 1 time briefly
Hold
Press «function/on» 1 time briefly to switch on or off
Distance
Press «function/on» until „change cm“ appears
Press «function/on» 1 time briefly to change to a new distance or to CPS mode,
wait approx. 2s to select the displayed function
Aus
Press «function/on» 2 times in quick succession
Initiation
By pressing the «function/on» button on the front panel the device is switched on. By pressing
the «function/on» button twice in normal operation the device is switched off.
The black cover cap (1) on the modulator system must be removed
before measuring!
If the «function/on» button is not pressed for about 3.5 min, the device switches off to save
power and to prevent discharge of the accumulator.
Hold
The device has a hold function to freeze the current measuring value. By pressing the
«function/on» one time the value measured at that time remains in the display. The upper line
shows „Hold“ and in the bottom line the result is displayed. By pressing the «function/on» but-
ton again the hold function is switched off and the current result is displayed.

7 Operating instructions
Measurement ranges
After switching the device on the distance selected is at 2cm. If you want to measure with that
distance5 you just have to place the device 2cm in front of the object to be measured. For most
cases this distance is ideal because charges up to 20kV can be measured (see specifications).
Also there are cases in which the measuring distance should be changed. In case of very high
charges or very rough surfaces the distance should be increased. In case of very low charges the
smallest distance (1cm) should be selected.
When the instrument switches off in the E-Field Meter Mode, it switches on in this Modus with
the last selected Range.
E-Field Meter Measurement
The unit can display the E-Field strength directly. By “change distance” (see downsize) select
the E-Field Meter Mode. In this Mode it’s possible to select the following ranges ± 20KV/m,
±200kV/m or ±1MV/m. To change the ranges press the «function/on» key briefly. The range
changes as follows:
In this Mode there is no automatic range change. That’s why the analogue interface ± 1V is now
active.
Max. Value
The unit display in the “Max. Value” Mode is in the upper row with the maximum positive (right)
and negative (left) Value. The “Hold” Function is in this case out of order. By briefly pressing the
«function/on» key the maximum values will be errased and this function will start again.
With a mounted voltage measuring head MK 023 you can do a walking test !
By measuring an area, you can see the maximum pos. and neg. Charge on that.
By alternating fields (> 200ms) you can also see the maximums.
Max. Value
To measure the discharge time of an ionizer you need the Charge Plate Set CPS 022.
For further information read the CPS 022 manual.
5 According to the spacers
20 kV/m 200kV/m 1 MV/m 20 kV/m ...

8 Manual EFM 022 V5.3
Changing the measurement distance
Press «function/on» until the lower line shows „change distance“ (approx. 2 sec). In the upper
line the current distance is shown in cm. By pressing «function/on» the distance can be changed
in the following order:
To select the displayed value wait (without pressing «function/on») until the current measure-
ment value is displayed in the bottom line. In the upper line the new distance is displayed. Con-
tinue measuring using the new distance. The distance is measured from the plate behind the
modulator blade. The plate is located 6.4mm in front of the devices front plane.
*After switching the device off and then back on the standard 2cm
distance is always selected
* Not when “E-Field Mode” is selected
The electrostatic field meter measures the direct voltage field strength. Over the selected dis-
tance the field strength is converted to the charge on the object:
displayed value [V] = field strength [V/m] x distance [m]
Example:
With a distance of 10cm and a displayed value of 1000V the field strength is:
E = 1.000V / 0,1m = 10.000 V/m
Spacers
The shipment includes 2 spacers for the measurement distance 2cm. Those can be screwed in
the front plate.
Measurement with mounted voltage measuring head MK 023
With the mounted measuring head you get a Volt Meter up to 4kV with an
Input impedance > 1015 Ohm.
The measure head must be mounted on the front of the modulator system. First remove the
black spacers, then screw the metal spacers in. On top of this, screw in the measure head.
Select at the instrument by “change cm” the 1cm distance. Now the correct measure voltage is
shown in the display.
Important ! The maximum measuring voltage is ±4kV !
By higher voltage you get a flash in the head Mk023 because of the
dimension.
2cm 5cm 10cm 20cm CPS-
Modus 1cm 2cm ...

9 Maintenance
Display
The display is a double-spaced alphanumeric LCD display with 12 digits in each row (2 x 12). In
the upper line the selected distance is displayed in cm. In the bottom line the measured charge is
displayed in Volt. From 999V on the display changes to kV display. The displayed value is always
triple-digit:
Examples:
If „overflow! “ is displayed, the distance has to be increased.
Battery Monitoring
The device has permanent battery voltage monitoring. By undercutting a battery voltage of 7.6V
the upper line displays: „Low Battery!“. In that case the 9V battery has to be charged or renewed.
By undercutting 7.1V the display shows “auto off” for about 2s and the device powers off to pre-
vent further damage.
Attention:
Use only Rechargeable 9V – NiMH Batteries or Alkaline Batteries!
Batteries must be charged out of the device in a suitable battery charger. Please pay attention to
the manufacturers instructions! Used batteries can be returned to us or must be disposed of
professionally.
Grounding
The device has to be grounded properly to measure the amount and the polarity of an electro-
static field. For that purpose the device has to be connected to ground by using the grounding
jack (4). Grounding the device by a grounded person (e.g. over conductive shoes or wrist strap)
touching the grounding jack suffices under most circumstances.
Maintenance
The modulator system or parts of it must not be touched. Those parts have to be protected of
dust, isolating impurity layers, color- or paint haze and condensate. If required the modulator
system can be cleaned with ethyl alcohol and a lint-free cotton cloth.
578V 3,85kV 24,0kV 274kV

10 Manual EFM 022 V5.3
Zero Point
Under normal circumstances a zero point adjustment is not necessary. If the device does not
show U=000V while the modulator system is screened (e.g. mounted cover cap) the zero point
can be adjusted using the trimmer (6) on the right side of the device. The last digit of the display
may be ignored as that error is smaller than the admissible tolerance.
Guarantee Items
We provide a 24 month guarantee in the case of proper application according to the manual. Ex-
cluded of the guarantee are: The battery resp. the accumulator, damage by electric shock, wrong
grounding and mechanical damage of the device. The guarantee expires if the device was
opened.
Battery Replacement
When „Low Battery“ appears in the display the 9V battery must be charged (NiMH battery) or
renewed (alkaline). For this, the device must be turned, and the battery compartment must be
opened by sliding down. The battery must be taken out and the battery clip pulled off. The clip
needs to be plugged to the new battery and put back with the battery into the device. Finally, the
battery compartment should be closed again.
Waste disposal
Batteries and accumulators are not allowed in the household waste!
Every consumer must by law, dispose of all batteries and accumulators at a municipal or
commercial collection center, free of charge. Thereby, the disposal will be
environmentally friendly.
Batteries and accumulators are marked with the following symbol:
Electrical and electronic equipment are not allowed in the household waste!
When the equipment is not used anymore, every consumer must by law, separate the
equipment from the household waste and bring it to a municipal collection center. Old
electrical equipment is accepted there free of charge. This will ensure that the old
equipment is handled by experts and it will avoid negative impact on the environment.
Electrical equipment is marked with the following symbol:
This crossed out garbage bin means that you may not dispose of batteries and
accumulators in the household waste. Under this sign you may also find
sometimes, in addition, the following abbreviations related to the materials
contents:
Pb = lead, Cd = cadmium and Hg = mercury.
The black bar under the crossed out garbage bin indicates that
the equipment was put into circulation after August 13, 2005.

11 Optionally accessories :
Scope of Delivery (only EFM 022 ZBS)
The basic equipment of the electrostatic field meter includes the following components:
 ESD transport case with conductive foam interior
 Electrostatic field meter
 2× 9V NiMH accumulators
 Plug-in charger
 Grounding spiral cable with alligator clip
 Manual on a USB - card
 Certificate of calibration
Optionally accessories :
CPS 022 Charge Plate Set
To test air ionization systems by measuring the discharge time
EFM 023 It has the same function as the EFM 022 with an additional
analoque interface ±1V
It is possible to upgrade an EFM 022 to an EFM 023 !
Together with our USB – Analoque/Digital Converter UAC 110 you can connect the instrument
to a personal computer to save, change and display the results.
UAC 110 A/D – Converter with Input range ± 1V
Inclusive connection cable and Software KL_ReadOut

12 Manual EFM 022 V5.3
MK 023 -measuring head-
up to ±4kV
Head to measure DC-Voltage with an
Input impedance from 1016 Ohm
Warning Notices
 The electrostatic field meter must not be opened. By opening the guarantee expires.
 The electrostatic field meter must not be used in explosive areas. No admission for ex-
plosive areas!
 If high charges are possible the electrostatic field meter must be grounded. An adequate
distance must be kept.
 Flashovers on the modulator system must be avoided!
 The use of the device in power plants or comparable areas is prohibited!
 The device can not measure alternating fields > 1Hz!
Calibration
A check of the measurement values is recommended annually.
© 2021 - Kleinwächter GmbH
www.kleinwaechtergmbh.de
VMS 022 – Volt Meter Set-
with MK 023, hand electrode
and silicon cable
to do a walking test