KLING & FREITAG CD 44 User manual

K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
Important Information,
Please Read Before Use!
KLING & FREITAG GmbH
Junkersstraße 14
D-30179 Hannover
TEL [phone]
FAX [phone]
www.kling-freitag.de
User's Manual Version 11.6
Released: 17.12.2014

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
KLING & FREITAG GMBH © 2014 Version 11.6 Page 3 of 77
Table of contents
1Introduction 6
1.1 Symbols in User's Manual 6
1.2 Information about this User's Manual 6
2Safety Instructions 7
3General Safety Instructions 7
4Product Description 8
5Software and Firmware Update 10
5.1 Use of the CD 44-AutoUpdater 10
5.1.1 Determine update interval 10
5.1.2 Update history 10
6Connectors, Functions, Controls and Displays 12
6.1 Front 12
6.2 Rear 14
7Making Adjustments and Navigating Through the
Menus 15
7.1 The Use of the Shortcut Buttons 15
7.1.1 Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv (Filter A Button) 15
7.1.2 Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters 21
7.1.3 Input and Output Gains (Gain Button) 23
7.1.4 Input and Output Delays (Delay Button) 24
7.2 InfoWindow: Display of Basic Settings 24
7.3 Main Menu 25
7.4 Submenu 25
7.5 Setups in editing mode 25
7.5.1 Editing mode with one editing line 26
7.5.2 Editing mode with several editing lines 26
7.5.3 Editing Mode with Selection Lines 27
7.5.4 Menu Tree of the CD 44 and Explanation of the Functions 28
7.5.5 Functions of the Menu Item ‘Setup’ 29
7.5.6 Functions of the Menu Items under ‘In’ 30
7.5.7 Functions of the Menu Items under ‘Out’ 33
7.5.7.1 9.6.4Functions of the Menu Items under ‘Util’ 40
8Routings with Examples of Use and Connecting
Diagrams 41
8.1 'Rack Unit' Connecting Diagram for 1 CD 44 and 2 Amplifiers 41
8.2 K&F 'System Rack' Connecting Diagram 42
8.3 Routing '1 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 1' 43

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8.3.1 Block Diagram, 'Example 1' 43
8.3.2 Setup 'Example 1', T5 / T9 with B10 on 2 Channels 43
8.4 Routing '1 in 4 out (Linked)' / Setup 'Example 2' 44
8.4.1 Block Diagram 'Example 2' 44
8.4.2 Setup 'Example 2', 4 x Line 212-6 with 4 x SW 215E 45
8.5 Routing '2 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 3' 46
8.5.1 Block Diagram 'Example 3' 46
8.5.2 Setup 'Example 3', Line 212/SW 215E & Monitor CA 1215/SW 115E 46
8.6 Routing '2 in 4 out (Linked)' / Setup 'Example 4' 47
8.6.1 Setup 'Example 4', Line 212 / SW 215E, stereo 48
8.7 Routing '4 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 5' 49
8.7.1 Block Diagram 'Example 5' 49
8.7.2 Setup 'Example 5', 4- Way Monitor Setup 49
8.8 Routing '1 in 2 + 2 in 2' / Setup 'Example 6' 50
8.8.1 Block Diagram 'Example 6' 50
8.8.2 Setup 'Example 6', Front: CA1515 / SW118E + 2 Adjoining Rooms 50
8.9 Routing '1 in 3 + AUX' / Setup 'Example 7' 51
8.9.1 Block Diagram 'Example 7' 51
8.9.2 Setup 'Example 7', 3 x SEQUENZA 10 B Cardioid + SW 115 E 51
8.10 Routing '1 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 8' 52
8.10.1 Block Diagram 'Example 8' 53
8.10.2 Setup 'Example 8', Delay-Line 53
8.11 Routing '1 in 3 + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 9' 54
8.11.1 Block Diagram 'Example 9' 54
8.11.2 Setup 'Example 9', T5 / T9 with B5 and additional Bass B10 54
8.12 Routing '2 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 10' 56
8.12.1 Block Diagram 'Example 10' 56
8.12.2 Setup 'Example 10 56
8.13 Routing '1 in 2 + Aux + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 11' 57
8.13.1 Block Diagram 'Example 11' 57
8.13.2 Setup 'Example 11 57
8.14 Patching: Analog 1&2 Mix / Routing '2 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 12 58
8.14.1 Block Diagram 'Example 12' 58
8.14.2 Setup 'Example 12' 59
8.15 Sequenza 10 N / W Routing '1 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 13' 59
8.15.1 Block Diagram 'Example 13' 60
8.15.2 Setup 'Example 13' 60
8.16 Sequenza 10 N / W: Routing '1 in 2 + Aux + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 14' 61
8.16.1 Block Diagram 'Example 14' 61
8.16.2 Setup 'Example 14' 62

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8.17 Patching: Analogue 1&2 Mix / Routing '1 in 2 in 2 + 2 in 2' / Setup 'Example
15' 64
8.17.1 Block diagram, 'Example 15' 64
8.17.2 Setup 'Example 15' 64
9Subwoofer with integrated Crossover 64
10 SP Speakers 65
11 Recommendations for Configuration 66
11.1 Operating several Speakers per CD 44 Channel 66
11.2 The correct Level Balance between Subwoofer and Top Speakers 66
11.2.1 SW 112 / SW 115D / SW 115E / SW 118E 66
11.2.2 SW 215E / ACCESS B5 & B10 / SEQUZENZA 10 B / NOMOS XLC 69
12 Instructions for AES / EBU Data Transmission 71
12.1 General Instructions 71
12.2 Transmissions over long Distances 72
13 Wiring 72
14 Operating the Speakers 72
15 Technical Specifications CD 44 74
16 Disposal 76
16.1 Germany 76
16.2 EU, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein 76
16.3 All other Countries 76

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1. Introduction
Thank you for your decision to buy a KLING & FREITAG product. To guarantee a trouble-free
operating of the equipment and to allow your device to achieve its full potential please read
the operating instructions carefully before use.
With the purchase of the CD 44 Controller, you have acquired a device with the highest
possible quality and performance capabilities.
As the owner of this system, you now have a versatile and highly professional tool which,
when operated properly, is a true pleasure to use.
1.1 Symbols in User's Manual
Warning
This symbol indicates the possibility of life-threatening danger and a health risk for persons.
Not following these instructions may result in serious health problems including potentially
fatal injuries.
Caution
This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation. Not following these instructions may
cause minor injuries or cause property damage.
This symbol gives instructions for the proper use of the described products. Not following
these instructions may cause malfunctions or property damage.
Tip
This symbol indicates notes that help you to handle the described products easier.
1.2 Information about this User's Manual
© KLING & FREITAG GMBH, all rights reserved.
All specifications in this manual are based on information available at the time of publishing
for the features and safety guidelines of the described products.
Technical specifications, measurements, weights and properties are not guaranteed.
The manufacturer reserves the right to make product alterations within legal provisions as
well as changes to improve product quality.
All persons who use the speaker system must have this guide and all further information for
safe operations available to them during assembly, disassembly, and use. The speaker system
may neither be set up nor used until this manual has been read, understood and kept readily
available on site.
We appreciate any input with suggestions and improvements for this manual. Please send this
to us at the following address:
[email protected] or to:
KLING & FREITAG GMBH Junkersstr.14 D-30179 Hannover.
Phone [phone], Fax [phone].

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2. Safety Instructions
Danger
This symbol indicates the possibility of life-threatening danger and a health risk for persons.
Not following these instructions may result in serious health problems including potentially
fatal injuries.
Warning
This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation.
Failure to follow these instructions can lead to malfunctions in the product or in the
environment.
Caution
This symbol gives instructions for the proper use of the described products.
Failure to follow these instructions can lead to malfunctions in the product or in the
environment.
3. General Safety Instructions
Warning
Do not install devices in any of the following places:
• where the units are permanently exposed to direct sunlight.
• near other heat sources or open fire.
• where the airflow for cooling is blocked.
• where the devices are exposed to high moisture.
• where the devices are exposed to strong vibrations and dust.
Power supply
Before connecting to the power supply system, check if the local voltage matches the voltage
marked on the device. The device then needs to be adapted to the required mains voltage by
Kling & Freitag or an authorized service centre. Connect the device under any circumstances,
to an unauthorized power supply source. This could irreparably ruin the device.
Make sure that the power outlet supplies a ground connector, which must be connected to
the device via the PE conductor of the power cord!
All devices interconnected over signal lines with connection to a protective earth must be
connected to a common protective earth. If not, there is a risk of an electric shock or the
destruction of the connected equipment. The power plug must always be used to disconnect
from the power supply. Furthermore, the power plug must be easily accessible for use at all
times.
Protection of electrical cables
Power cables should be routed so that they are protected against impact damage and tensile
stress caused by jamming between objects.
Transportation
When transporting the device, make sure that it is protected from vibrations.
Cleaning
The equipment should only be cleaned with a damp cloth when it is not plugged in.
Pauses in use
The power cord should be disconnected from the power source during longer pauses in use.
Intrusion of liquids
It should always be ensured that no liquids get into the device.

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Maintenance and technical service
The user should not perform any maintenance or repair work on the unit which goes beyond
the work described in this manual. This must be carried out by qualified specialist staff.
The device may only be repaired by qualified specialist staff when, for example:
• the power cord or the mains connector have been damaged.
• objects or liquids have gotten into the device.
• the device has been exposed to rain.
• the device doesn't appear to be functioning properly.
• it has fallen down or the housing is damaged.
Unwanted interference
RF interference on the power cord or on the line signal cables may lead to unwanted sound
interference.
4. Product Description
The signal processor CD 44 is a digital 4 in 4-way speaker controller that can process both
analogue and digital signals in the AES/EBU format up to 192 kHz.
The controller is equipped with the finest AD and DA state-of-the-art converters as well as 3
micro-controllers and 8! integrated signal processors (DSP). It not only offers excellent audio
results, but also a multitude of special features and novel functions: CD 44
Multi-level memory concept for parameter management
The parameter sets for almost all K&F speaker systems are saved in the form of macros
in the device (the so-called ‘LS-Blocks’). They can be copied as a complete set of data and
independently of one another into each of the 4 output channels.
The specification of one K&F phase reference for multi-way operations is advantageous
because of its high level of compatibility. Without requiring phase adjustments, the various
K&F tops can be combined with all K&F subwoofers.
Additional LS-Blocks ‘Flat’ facilitate the integration of third-party products (with limitations)
or the processing and linking of signals to speakers with integrated filters and amplifier
electronics.
14 pre-configured routings allow every reasonable configuration from up to 4 different input
signals to the 4 output channels.
Frequently used combinations of routings and ‘LS-Blocks’ can be saved along with further
parameters (such as Gain / Delay / PEQ) in up to 64 set-ups.
Two-step limiter concept
Two limiters work in each of the 4 output channels. A quick reacting “peak limiter” limits
the peak level and, thus, the cone excursion of the connected speakers is kept at non-critical
levels.
A slow reacting ‘RMS Limiter’ reduces the level when there is a risk that the permissible
average power will be exceeded, thus resulting in the voice coils overheating.
The pre-set values have been established in extensive series of tests. With excellent sound
qualities, they provide an outstanding compromise with regard to the peak levels and
protection of the speaker systems.
Automatic determination of gain using sense technology
The CD 44 calculates the gain of the connected amplifiers in real-time and automatically
corrects the limiters’ thresholds as soon as the gain of the connected amplifier should be
changed (i.e. by using the input potentiometer or similar). Compared to conventional devices
this results in a clearly improved reliability when adjusting the limiter thresholds.
Limiter reduction

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The preset limiter thresholds can be reduced in fine increments for specific purposes. This
function is advantageous when the connected speakers are to be subjected to a particularly
long-lasting high load. In this case, the reduction of the limiter thresholds reduces the
maximal thermal and mechanical stress, thus significantly extending the product life of the
speakers.
Furthermore, these functions can also be used to limit the sound levels of the speakers.
The integrated limiters and the function ‘Limiter Reduction’ can also be used for speakers
with integrated amplifier electronics. For this, the gain values of the utilised power amplifiers
can be edited manually in the CD 44.
Operating with 'Shortcut' buttons
Four buttons with ‘Shortcut’ functions make it possible to directly jump to often-used
functions without having to navigate through the menu. By pushing these buttons
repeatedly, you access the functions of all input and output channels.
In doing so, the functions ‘Gain’, ‘Delay’, ‘Filter’ and ‘PEQ’ can be quickly and easily adjusted.
Additionally, the LEDs which are integrated into the respective buttons indicate if these
functions have been changed as compared to the original settings.
31 Band One-Third Octave EQs
A separate 31 band one-third-octave EQ is assigned to each of the CD 44’s four input
channels. Up to 16 different EQ setups can be saved and administrated in an individual EQ
setup library. These EQ setups can be loaded in addition to the setups.

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5. Software and Firmware Update
If software and firmware updates are available, they can be found in the download area of
the Kling & Freitag website www.kling-freitag.de.
Software and firmware updates are necessary if Kling & Freitag LS-Blocks are made available
for new speakers or the device’s range of function has been expanded. This ensures that the
CD 44 will always be up-to-date and assured of a good future for speaker generations to
come.
You receive the installation instructions when you execute the update.
5.1 Use of the CD 44-AutoUpdater
The CD 44-AutoUpdater allows you to keep all components of your CD 44 up-to-date. In
addition to update your K&F software, the latest LS-Blocks will also be transferred to your
hard drive, either automatically or manually, depending on the program setting. Once the
process has completed, you can transfer the LS-Blocks to your CD 44 controller, as usual. This
keeps your LS-Blocks up-to-date.
After installation, you can run the main program from the "Kling & Freitag" folder in the
startmenu. If you are running the program for the first time, a start screen is shown. With the
button of the start screen, you can set the update interval and your preferred language.
5.1.1 Determine update interval
The following possible update intervals and languages are available:
If you do not want to specify a time interval and select the option "never", you should start
the update process manually from time to time.
We recommend that you adopt default interval "at each program start".
5.1.2 Update history
Before starting the update, ensure that your computer is connected to the Internet.
During the update, you may be prompted to log in as an administrator. In Windows 7, for
example, you only need to confirm the displayed Administrator Note and the update is then
completed without further system messages.

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When the update starts, an update search and version synchronisation of the program
and existing LS-Blocks with our company server will first run. The search result and version
synchronisation will be shown in the information window.
If you have changed any files in the K&F system folder ("C:\Program Files (x86)\KlingFreitag
\CD Remote\"), the folder will be renamed into an archiv folder and a new folder with the
new updatefiles will be created.
The actual update process only takes a few seconds in most cases. If comments on the new LS-
Blocks are to be written, these are displayed in the Info window and stored in a log file.
If new LS-Blocks were copied to your hard drive, the Info window will show you where a log
file was saved on your computer and under which name.
If the update finished successful you can transfer the new LS-Blocks to your CD 44 system
controller and use the K&F software normally.

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6. Connectors, Functions, Controls and Displays
6.1 Front
1 - 4: Speaker connectors (4x)
4-pin Speakon connectors. All Kling & Freitag speakers that are, by default, connected with
1+ / 1- can be plugged into these connectors.
Caution: The connectors with the position numbers 1 and 3 are connected differently than
the connectors with the position numbers 2 and 4.
In some cases, mixing up the speaker channels can lead to destruction of the speakers
(example: treble on bass output).
1. This output connector supplies the signal for the speaker channel 1. In this connector,
the pin 1+ is bridged with 2+, the pin 1- with 2-. The signal for channel 1 is, therefore,
applied to 1+ / 1- as well as 2+ / 2-.
2. This output connector transmits signals for 2 speaker channels:
The signal for the speaker channel 2 is applied to 1+ / 1-.
The signal for the speaker channel 1 is applied to 2+ / 2-.
3. This output connector supplies the signal for the speaker channel 3. On this connector,
the pin 1+ is bridged with 2+ and pin 1- with 2-. The signal for channel 3 is, therefore,
applied to 1+ / 1- as well as 2+ / 2-.
4. This output connector supplies signals for 2 speaker channels:
The signal for the speaker channel 4 is applied to 1+ / 1-.
The signal for the speaker channel 3 is applied to 2+ / 2-.
1 + 3: If you want to use the CD 44 to operate subwoofers whose 2 chassis are controlled
by separate supply lines (ACCESS B5 and ACCESS B10), then you should use these
connectors for these subwoofers in order to control the speakers via a common channel
without an adapter (CH1 or CH3). Fore more information see configuration example on
page 46.
2 + 4: You should use these connectors for ACCESS tops T5 and T9, Sequenza 10 N / W or
NOMOS XLC, because these systems must be controlled using 2 channels.
In order to implement a one-cable system (control of a top and subwoofer via a 4-core
supply cable), you must use these connectors, because the top and subwoofer must be
controlled using 2 different channels.
5. Signal input connectors: INPUT 1 through INPUT 4, 3-pin XLR female connectors.
These signal input connectors can be used both for analogue and for digital signals, in
accordance with the AES / EBU specifications. You must make the selection in the device
about the type of signals it is being supplied with: digital or analogue. Select the type of
signal source before connecting the signals!
Upon delivery, the controller is pre-programmed for the use of analogue input signals.
These inputs correspond to the connectors on the rear panel and are wired in parallel
with them.

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Caution
Do not assign the inputs on the front and rear panel simultaneously. This can lead to
malfunction or damage of other appliances!
•Operations with analogue input signals, settings: In » Input Patching » Analog
(Default, Flipped or 1&2 Mix): Pin configuration: 1 = ground / 2 = + / 3 = - . The LINE
inputs are electronically balanced. The nominal input level is +6dBu (1.55Vrms).
The maximum input level is +18dBu, that is, the peaks in the signal must not exceed
+18dBu (6V).
•Operations with digital input signals, setting: In » Input Patching » Digital (Default,
Flipped or 1&2 Mix)
The input connectors 'INPUT 3' and 'INPUT 4' are not used in this setup! Pin
configuration: 1 = ground / 2 and 3 = digital signal. To avoid unexpectedly high
volume levels, reduce the controller’s input gains to a value of approx. –40 dBu
before supplying these connectors with a digital signal directly from an audio
source, and then adjust the level to your needs! Adjust input gain at: <In » Input1>
through <Input4 » Gain>
6. SIGNAL PRESENT, LIMIT
•SIGNAL PRESENT: These LEDs light up green when a signal with a level higher than –
45 dBu is present at the XLR output connectors on the rear of the unit (Out 1 through
Out 4).
•LIMIT: The output level of the controller is limited. As a result, the controller avoids
an output level of the power amplifiers which is too high for the connected speaker.
These LEDs light up red as soon as the output level of the relevant channel comes
under the influence of the controller’s limiters. A gently engaging RMS limiter and
a fast peak limiter limit the output of the power amplifiers virtually inaudibly to the
maximum permitted level. If the red limiter LEDs light up frequently, the level of the
input signal should be reduced on the signal source preferably (i.e. on the mixing
console).
7. Display
To change the contrast, go to <Util » Display » Contrast>.
8. Knob
Turn the knob to navigate through the menus and adjust the values. Push the knob to
confirm a selection, access the submenus, the command lines, and the settings.
9. EXIT botton
You can confirm the chosen settings by pushing the EXIT button, and the menu returns to
the next higher level.
10. FILTER A Button (Shortcut Button)
Pushing the FILTER A button allows you to directly access the freely adjustable parametric
filters (PEQs) without having to navigate through the menu.
Up to four parametric filters (PEQs) are available for every active input channel.
If a filter is active (BYP = bypass in edit mode not active), the blue LED on the FILTER A
button lights up.
For a detailed description see chapter 'Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv' on page
15.
11. FILTER B Button (Shortcut Button)
By pushing the FILTER B button, you can access pre-set speaker-specific filters, such as
High-Boost, Cluster and Bass Boost, etc.
These filters cannot be adjusted by the user; they can only be switched on or off.
If one of these filters is active, the blue LED on the FILTER B button lights up. FILTER B

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For further information see chapter 'Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters' beginning on
page 21.
12. GAIN Button (Shortcut Button)
Pushing the GAIN button allows you to directly access the input and output gains without
having to navigate through the menu. GAIN
After pushing the GAIN button, the first possible setting is for the signal input (input
gains). If you push it repeatedly, you access the output gains. GAIN
If one of these gain values is not zero, the red LED on the GAIN button lights up. GAIN
For more information, see Capter 'Input and Output Delays' on page 24.
13. REMOTE CONTROL
This RJ45 connector allows for you to connect the CD 44 to a computer or integrate it
into a network in order to execute remote enquiries and remote control or to import
software updates. The connection conforms to Ethernet standards. The IP address can be
changed at <Util » IP Address>.
You can find the latest software versions on www.kling-freitag.de
6.2 Rear
1. Power Supply Connector
IEC power socket 100 - 240 V~ / 50 - 60 Hz, I nominal: 150 - 100 mA.
Connect this socket to a mains outlet using the mains cable supplied with the controller.
To avoid an unintentional loosening of the mains cable, the power supply connector is
provided with a safety clamp. Flip the clamp over the connector of the mains cable after
having plugged it into the power supply connector.
Pay attention to the stated mains voltage. Connection to an incorrect mains voltage may
result in irreparable damage!
2. OUT 1 through OUT 4
3-pin XLR male connector, pin assignment: 1 = ground, 2 = +, 3 = -
These outputs deliver the line signal processed by the controller to the power amplifiers.
Connect these outputs to the inputs of the power amplifiers.
3. Signal input connectors: INPUT 1 through INPUT 4, 3-pin XLR female connectors.
These connectors correspond to the connectors on the front and are wired in parallel
with them. For a detailed description of the inputs see page 9.
Caution
Do not assign the inputs on the front and rear panel simultaneously. This can lead to
malfunction or damage of other appliances!
4. AMP RETURN / SENSE
1 + / 1 - = CH 1 1 + / 1 - = CD 3
2 + / 2 - = CH 2
and
2 + / 2 - = CH 4

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You must plug the amplified output signals of the power amplifiers into these connectors
(speaker signal).
The amplified output signals which are connected here are required by the limiters in the
controller (sense signal). The signal is routed to the Speakon connectors CH 1, CH 2, CH 3
and CH 4 on the front, so that the speakers can be connected.
Caution
If the connectors 'AMP RETURN / SENSE' are not connected to the power amplifiers, then
there is a risk that the speakers will be ruined. Exception: When using the CD 44 with SP
speakers, the AMP RETURN / SENSE inputs are not used, as the SP speakers are equipped
with their own limiters. CD 44
7. Making Adjustments and Navigating Through the Menus
In this chapter, we will give a detailed description of how to make adjustments or to save or
cancel changes and how to navigate through the menus.
7.1 The Use of the Shortcut Buttons
The shortcut buttons help you to make quick adjustments without having to navigate
through the menu. We therefore recommend that you solely use the shortcut buttons and
not the menu navigation when making adjustments to the parametric filters (PEQs), the input
and output gains, as well as to the input and output delays.
Adjustments that are made using the shortcut buttons do not have to be confirmed by
pushing the EXIT button. After approx.10 seconds, the adjustments made to the device are
confirmed automatically.
7.1.1 Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv (Filter A Button)
By pushing the FILTER A button, you access the parametric Filters (PEQ).
Using the menu navigation, the PEQs can be accessed at <In » PEQ » Filter 1> through <Filter
4>.
Up to 4 parametric filters per input channel serve to equalise the system, i.e. to adjust the
speaker frequencies to the room conditions. They can also be used to eliminate the feedback
during monitor uses. The PEQs are saved with the setup.
In the PEQs, the parameters for filter type, gain, frequency, and Q-factor can be adjusted.
If a filter is active (BYP = bypass in edit mode not active), the blue LED on the FILTER A button
lights up.
If you change to another type of filter, the Q-factor automatically sets itself to a value of 0.707.
This safeguards against unexpectedly high levels which might be caused by a Q-factor that is
too high. When you have changed the type of filter, always make sure if a Q-factor of 0.707
meets your needs and correct it, if necessary.
Explanation of the filter types of the PEQ:
The parameter "Gain" is adjustable in steps of 0.1, from -96 to +24 dB (independent of the
input and output gains). The parameter ‘Gain’ has no effect on the filter types 'LowP', 'HighP'
and 'AP.
The parameter "Freq" is adjustable in 1Hz steps, from 10Hz to 20kHz.
1. Bell = Bell Filter
This filter increases certain frequency ranges (positive gain) or attenuates them (negative
gain).

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20
50 100 500
1000
5000
10000
20000
0
3
+6
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'Bell' (Bell Passband) Gain = +6dB Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.707
Q = 1.414
Q = 5
The gain determines the maximum or minimum level increase or attenuation of the filter
(in the graph: increase of +6dB.
This 'bell' is logarithmically symmetrical relative to the selected frequency (in the
example: 1000 Hz).
The Q-factor defines the quality of the filter. In doing so, it determines the width of the
frequency range which is to be increased or attenuated. The higher the Q-factor, the
narrower the frequency range. A lower Q-factor thus has a wider range.
"Q" is adjustable in steps of 0.001 from 0.2 to 20.
Typical Q-values and their bandwidth equivalent:
Bandwidth Q factor
1/3 Oktave (third) 4.318
2/3 Oktave (two thirds) 2.145
1 octave 1.414
1 1/3 1.044
1 2/3 0.819
2 0.666
1/6 octave (whole step) 8.651
2. HShelv (high shelving filter)
3. LShelv = Low Shelving Filter
These filters increase (positive gain) or attenuate (negative gain) the frequencies below
or above the selected frequency.
Below = LShelv
Above = HShelv

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
KLING & FREITAG GMBH © 2014 Version 11.6 Page 17 of 77
20
50 100 500
1000
5000
10000
20000
0
3
+6
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'LShelv' (Shelving Lowpass) Gain = +6dB Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.5
Q = 0.707 (default)
Low Shelving Filter
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50 100 500
1000
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20000
0
3
+6
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'HShelv' (Shelving Highpass) Gain = +6dB Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.5
Q = 0.707 (default)
Above = HShelv
20
50 100 500
1000
5000
10000
20000
-12
-10
0
+3
15
14
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'LShelv' (Shelving Lowpass) Gain = +3dB Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.707 (default)
Q = 10
Low Shelving Filter, Q > 0,707
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50
100
500 1000
5000
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20000
-18
-12
-6
0
+6
+12
+18
Frequencyin [Hz]
Power in [dB]
'LShelv'
Shelving Lowpass @ Freq = 100Hz
#
FilterType
#
'HShelv'
Shelving Highpass @ Freq = 5000Hz
Q=0.707
Gain= +18
Gain= +12
Gain= +6 Gain=-6
Gain= -12
Gain= -18
Different increases and attenuations:
Low Shelving Filter @ 100 Hz,
High Shelving Filter @ 5 kHz,

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
KLING & FREITAG GMBH © 2014 Version 11.6 Page 18 of 77
Q = 0,707
The Q-factor determines the slope of the filter.
Normally, shelving filters are used with a Q-factor of up to 0.707.
With Q-factors higher than 0.707, the selected frequency is increased and an area above
this frequency range is attenuated correspondingly. The shelving filter is, thus, normally
only used up to Q 0.707.
A Q higher than 0.707 may result in unwanted sound changes.
Q is adjustable in 0.001 steps from 0.2 to 20.
As soon as a Seq10 LS-Block is loaded into the controller, the corresponding input channel
of the input filter 4 is set to SEQ LShelv. Furthermore, frequency, Q-factor and gain are
limited to sensible levels for this use. It is necessary to set an LShelv for all tops in order to
counteract the coupling of the arrayed low-mid speakers.
The LShelv is to be programmed IDENTICALLY for every input path of all tops.
SEQ LShelv setting for exemplary speaker arrays (default values):
In practice, depending on the geometry of the room and other application-specific
factors, the actual values to be set may vary from the default values listed below.
Therefore, the sound engineer may finely adjust the output gain using an additional
parametric filter when setting the system.
The filter depth and the cut-off frequency of the low shelving filter depend on the
amount of speakers. The larger the number of speakers
• the stronger the attenuation
• and the lower the cut-off frequency
The attenuation can be set from 0 to -14 dB, the cut-off frequency from 250 Hz – 1 kHz, Q
from 0.5 – 0.707.
The following chart shows reference values for selecting the SEQ LShelv for all SEQUENZA
10 tops in each corresponding array:
Number
of tops
GAIN Freq Q
1, - 6, -4.5 dB 1 kHz 0.7
7 - 8 -7 dB 850 Hz 0.7
9 - 10 -9 dB 850 Hz 0.7
11 - 12 -8.5 dB 500 Hz 0.7
13 - 16 -11 dB 300 Hz 0.7
17 - 18 -11 dB 250 Hz 0.7
19 - 20 -12 dB 350 Hz 0.5
21 - 22 -13 Hz 250 Hz 0.5
23 - 24 -14 dB 250 Hz 0.5
You can create the SEQ LShelv settings by the software CD Remote automatically. Please
specify the number of used tops. Refer the Software Starter Guide 'CD Remote'.
4. This example shows different high pass filters which are characterised by varying Q
factors.

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
KLING & FREITAG GMBH © 2014 Version 11.6 Page 19 of 77
20
50 100 500
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-40
-36
-24
-12
-6
-3
0
2
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'HighP' (Highpass) Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.707
Butterworth 1.Ordnung
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.5
Linkwitz-Riley 2.Ordnung
Q = 0.707 (default)
Butterworth 2.Ordnung
The resulting filter Q = 0.707 is a 2nd order Butterworth filter and causes attenuation of
3 dB at the cut-off frequency (-3dB @ 1000Hz). Below the cut-off frequency, there is an
attenuation of 12 dB per octave (-12dB/octave).
20
50
10
0
50
0 1
000
50
00
10
00
0
20000
-2
4
-1
2
-3
0
10
20
F
r
e
q
ue
n
cyi
n[H
z]
Amplitude
i
n
[
d
B]
F
i
l
t
er
T
y
pe =
'H
i
g
h
P
' (
H
i
g
h
pas
s)
F
r
eq
=
1000H
z
Q
=
0.
70
7
(
d
e
f
au
l
t
)
Bu
t
t
e
r
w
o
r
t
h
-
1
2
d
B
/
O
c
t
Q =
10
A Q higher than 1 causes a level increase at the crossover frequency.
You can choose between a high pass filter 1st or 2nd order. The Q of a 1st order high pass
filter is always fixed. At a 2nd order high pass filter Q is adjustable in steps of 0.001 from
0.2 to 20.
The parameter 'Gain' has no effect with the high pass filters.
The following table illustrates how you can implement the common high and low pass
filters and how many parametric filters you need to do so.
Type of
filter
Slope Number
of
neces-
sary
PEQs
Q
high- /
low
pass
filter
1
Q
high- /
low
pass
filter
2
Q
high- /
low
pass
filter
3
Q
high /
low-
pass
filter
3
Butterworth
1st ord.
6
dB/
oct.
1 0 - - -
Butterworth
2nd
ord.
12
dB/
oct.
1 0.707 - - -
Linkwitz-
Riley
2nd
ord.
12
dB/
oct.
1 0.5 - - -
Butterworth
3rd ord.
18
dB/
oct.
210- -

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller
KLING & FREITAG GMBH © 2014 Version 11.6 Page 20 of 77
Butterworth
4th ord.
24
dB/
oct.
2 1.307 0.541 - -
Linkwitz-
Riley
4th ord
24
dB/
oct.
2 0.707 0.707 - -
Butterworth
5th ord.
30
dB/
oct.
3 1.618 0.618 0 -
Butterworth
6th ord.
36
dB/
oct.
3 1.932 0.707 0.518 -
Linkwitz-
Riley
6th ord.
36
dB/
oct.
3 1 1 0.5 -
Butterworth
7th ord.
42
dB/
oct.
4 2.247 0.802 0.555 0
Butterworth
8th ord.
48
dB/
oct.
4 2.563 0.9 0.601 0.51
Linkwitz-
Riley
8th ord.
48
dB/
oct.
4 1.307 1.307 0.541 0.541
5. LowP = Low Pass Filter
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20000
-40
-36
-24
-12
-6
-3
0
2
Frequencyin[Hz]
Power in [dB]
FilterType = 'LowP' (Lowpass) Freq = 1000Hz
Q = 0.707
Butterworth 1.Ordnung
Q = 0.2
Q = 0.5
Linkwitz-Riley 2.Ordnung
Q = 0.707 (default)
Butterworth 2.Ordnung
This example shows various low pass filters at 1000Hz, which are characterised by
different Q-factors.