manuals.online logo
Brands
  1. Home
  2. •
  3. Brands
  4. •
  5. Kramer
  6. •
  7. Amplifier
  8. •
  9. Kramer VP-103 User manual

Kramer VP-103 User manual

Other manuals for VP-103

1

Other Kramer Amplifier manuals

Kramer VM-4HDCP User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-4HDCP User manual

Kramer VM-22HD User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-22HD User manual

Kramer PT-101R User manual

Kramer

Kramer PT-101R User manual

Kramer TP-102HD User manual

Kramer

Kramer TP-102HD User manual

Kramer 123Vx1 User manual

Kramer

Kramer 123Vx1 User manual

Kramer PT-102AN User manual

Kramer

Kramer PT-102AN User manual

Kramer 101L User manual

Kramer

Kramer 101L User manual

Kramer 907 User manual

Kramer

Kramer 907 User manual

Kramer 103AV User manual

Kramer

Kramer 103AV User manual

Kramer VM-4HDT User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-4HDT User manual

Kramer VP-450 User manual

Kramer

Kramer VP-450 User manual

Kramer 104R User manual

Kramer

Kramer 104R User manual

Kramer Pico TOOLS VM-2HD User manual

Kramer

Kramer Pico TOOLS VM-2HD User manual

Kramer VM-100YC User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-100YC User manual

Kramer PA-50HZ User manual

Kramer

Kramer PA-50HZ User manual

Kramer VP-22 User manual

Kramer

Kramer VP-22 User manual

Kramer VP-10 User manual

Kramer

Kramer VP-10 User manual

Kramer VM-10HDxl User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-10HDxl User manual

Kramer VM-4DKT User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-4DKT User manual

Kramer VM-9T User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-9T User manual

Kramer VM-20HDxl User manual

Kramer

Kramer VM-20HDxl User manual

Kramer TOOLS 900xl User manual

Kramer

Kramer TOOLS 900xl User manual

Kramer PT-101R User manual

Kramer

Kramer PT-101R User manual

Kramer 103YCB User manual

Kramer

Kramer 103YCB User manual

Popular Amplifier manuals by other brands

ASTRO HVO V40 P operating manual

ASTRO

ASTRO HVO V40 P operating manual

Marantz SUPERSCOPE BLA-545 Service data

Marantz

Marantz SUPERSCOPE BLA-545 Service data

NAD CI980 Quick setup guide

NAD

NAD CI980 Quick setup guide

Technics SE-CH770 Service manual

Technics

Technics SE-CH770 Service manual

Harman Kardon HK6300 instruction manual

Harman Kardon

Harman Kardon HK6300 instruction manual

NAD T975 owner's manual

NAD

NAD T975 owner's manual

McIntosh MA6850 Brochure & specs

McIntosh

McIntosh MA6850 Brochure & specs

Electro-Harmonix ENGLISH MUFF’N manual

Electro-Harmonix

Electro-Harmonix ENGLISH MUFF’N manual

Viatron Autrix Technical manual

Viatron

Viatron Autrix Technical manual

GME GA9800 instruction manual

GME

GME GA9800 instruction manual

Atlas CP700 Specification sheet

Atlas

Atlas CP700 Specification sheet

Roland KC-1000 owner's manual

Roland

Roland KC-1000 owner's manual

Pyle PFMRA350BW user manual

Pyle

Pyle PFMRA350BW user manual

Advantage S-250 manual

Advantage

Advantage S-250 manual

IRT Electronics DVA-3007 manual

IRT Electronics

IRT Electronics DVA-3007 manual

Dimavery BA-100 Series user manual

Dimavery

Dimavery BA-100 Series user manual

Sony XM-S400D operating instructions

Sony

Sony XM-S400D operating instructions

Schertler ROY X quick guide

Schertler

Schertler ROY X quick guide

manuals.online logo
manuals.online logoBrands
  • About & Mission
  • Contact us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms and Conditions

Copyright 2025 Manuals.Online. All Rights Reserved.




.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7' 
.UDPHU(OHFWURQLFV/WG








86(50$18$/



;*$/LQH$P OLILHU
&RQYHUWHU


0RGHO
93



,03257$17%HIRUHSURFHHGLQJSOHDVHUHDGSDUDJUDSKHQWLWOHG
8QSDFNLQJDQG&RQWHQWV



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'

7DEOH2I&RQWHQWV

6HFWLRQ 1DPH 3DJH
  ,1752'8&7,21 
  $:RUGRQ9*$;*$$PSOLILHUV 
 +DQGOLQJ*UDSKLFV6LJQDOV 
 )DFWRU$IIHFWLQJ4XDOLW\RI5HVXOWV 
  +2:'2,*(767$57('" 
  813$&.,1*$1'&217(176 
  2SWLRQDO$FFHVVRULHV 
  ;*$/,1($03/,),(5&219(57(5 
  *HWWLQJWR.QRZ\RXU93 /LQH$PSOLILHU&RQYHUWHU 
  ,167$//$7,21 
  5DFN0RXQWLQJ 
  &211(&7,1*729*$;*$8;*$'(9,&(6 
  86,1*7+(0$&+,1( 
  7XUQLQJ2QWKH$PSOLILHU 
 2XWSXW/HYHO&RQWURO 
 /RRSLQJ 
 (TXDOL]DWLRQ&RQWURO 
 6\QF3URJUDPPLQJ6ZLWFKHV 
  7<3,&$/$33/,&$7,216 
  7\SLFDO9*$;*$/LQH$PSOLILFDWLRQ&RQYHUVLRQ 
  7$.,1*&$5(2)<2850$&+,1( 
  7528%/(6+227,1* 
  3RZHUDQG,QGLFDWRUV 
 9*$;*$6LJQDO 
  7(&+1,&$/63(&,),&$7,216 
  /LPLWHG:DUUDQW\ 

/LVW2I,OOXVWUDWLRQV
)LJXUH 'HVFUL WLRQ 3DJH
 93)URQW5HDU3DQHO)HDWXUHV 

/LVW2I7DEOHV
7DEOH 'HVFUL WLRQ 3DJH
 93)URQW5HDU3DQHO)HDWXUHV 





.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'
 ,1752'8&7,21
&RQJUDWXODWLRQV RQ \RXU SXUFKDVH RI WKLV .UDPHU (OHFWURQLFV
9*$;*$8;*$ /LQH $PSOLILHU  &RQYHUWHU 6LQFH   .UDPHU KDV EHHQ
GHGLFDWHG WR WKH GHYHORSPHQW DQG PDQXIDFWXUH RI KLJK TXDOLW\ YLGHRDXGLR
HTXLSPHQW 7KH .UDPHU OLQH KDV EHFRPH DQ LQWHJUDO SDUW RI PDQ\ RI WKH EHVW
SURGXFWLRQDQGSUHVHQWDWLRQIDFLOLWLHVDURXQGWKHZRUOG,QUHFHQW\HDUV.UDPHU
KDV UHGHVLJQHG DQG XSJUDGHG PRVW RI WKH OLQH PDNLQJ WKH EHVW HYHQ EHWWHU
.UDPHU¶VOLQHRISURIHVVLRQDOYLGHRDXGLRHOHFWURQLFVLVRQHRIWKHPRVWYHUVDWLOH
DQG FRPSOHWH DYDLODEOH DQG LV D WUXH OHDGHU LQ WHUPV RI TXDOLW\ ZRUNPDQVKLS
SULFHSHUIRUPDQFH UDWLR DQG LQQRYDWLRQ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKH .UDPHU OLQH RI KLJK
TXDOLW\ 9*$;*$8;*$ /LQH $PSOLILHUV VXFK DV WKH RQH \RX KDYH MXVW
SXUFKDVHG .UDPHU DOVR RIIHUV D IXOO OLQH RI KLJK TXDOLW\ YLGHR GLVWULEXWLRQ
DPSOLILHUV VZLWFKHUV SURFHVVRUV IRUPDW LQWHUIDFHV FRQWUROOHUV DQG RWKHU
FRPSXWHUUHODWHG SURGXFWV 7KLV PDQXDO LQFOXGHV FRQILJXUDWLRQ RSHUDWLRQ DQG
RSWLRQLQIRUPDWLRQIRUWKH93

 $:RUGRQ9*$;*$8;*$$P OLILHUV
9*$;*$8;*$$PSOLILHUVURXWHVLJQDOVWRRQHRUPRUHVHOHFWHGXVHUV7KH\
YDU\ LQ ORRSLQJ FDSDELOLW\ QXPEHU RI RXWSXWV EDQGZLGWK DQG LQSXWRXWSXW
FRXSOLQJ  9*$;*$8;*$ $PSOLILHUV VXFK DV WKH RQH GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV
PDQXDO DUH XVHG WR VSOLW 9*$;*$8;*$ JUDSKLFV FDUG RXWSXWV WR UHPRWH
PRQLWRUV 6RPH RI WKHP DOORZ FRQWURO RI VLJQDO OHYHO DQG FDEOH HTXDOL]DWLRQ RI
HDFKFKDQQHOLQGHSHQGHQWO\DVZHOODVFRQWURORIWKHKRUL]RQWDODQGYHUWLFDOV\QF
GHOD\ RQ WKH RXWSXWV $ JRRG TXDOLW\ 9*$;*$8;*$ DPSOLILHU SUH
FRPSHQVDWHVWKHVLJQDOIRUSRWHQWLDOORVVHVUHVXOWLQJIURPWKHXVHRIORQJFDEOHV
QRLV\VRXUFHVHWFDQGURXWHVWKHVLJQDOWREXIIHUHGDQGDPSOLILHGRXWSXWV7KH
IURQWSDQHOVRIDOO.UDPHU$PSOLILHUVDUHGHVLJQHGWREHVLPSOHWRRSHUDWH

 +DQGOLQJ*UD KLFVVLJQDOV
$ FRPSXWHU JHQHUDWHG JUDSKLFV VLJQDO LV XVXDOO\ FRPSRVHG RI  VLJQDOV 5HG
*UHHQ%OXHZKLFKDUHDQDORJOHYHOVLJQDOVDQGWZR77/ORJLFOHYHOVLJQDOV
+RUL]RQWDO 6\QF DQG 9HUWLFDO 6\QF 'LJLWDO JUDSKLFV FDUGV DQG PRQLWRUV XVH D
GLIIHUHQWVLJQDOIRUPDWDQGZLOOQRWEHGLVFXVVHGKHUHDVWKH\DUHQRWUHOHYDQWWR
WKHDPSOLILHU
&RPSXWHU JUDSKLFV UHVROXWLRQ LV PHDVXUHG LQ SL[HOV DQG VLJQDO EDQGZLGWK 7KH
PRUHSL[HOVSLFWXUHHOHPHQWVRQWKHVFUHHQWKHPRUHGHWDLOHGWKHLPDJH9*$
69*$;*$6;*$DQG8;*$DUHWHUPVGHVFULELQJWKHJUDSKLFVUHVROXWLRQ
DQG WKH FRORU GHSWK &RORU GHSWK UHSUHVHQWV WKH PD[LPXP QXPEHU RI
VLPXOWDQHRXVO\GLVSOD\HGFRORUVRQWKHVFUHHQDQGLVPHDVXUHGLQELWVDQG



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'
ELWVRIFRORUGHSWKUHSUHVHQWPLOOLRQVWRELOOLRQVRIVKDGHVRIFRORUDYDLODEOHRQ
WKHVFUHHQDWDQ\JLYHQPRPHQW,WVKRXOGEHERUQLQPLQGWKRXJKWKDWWKHKXPDQ
H\HFDQUHVROYHRQO\DIHZWKRXVDQGVFRORUV7KHPRUHGHWDLOHGWKHLPDJHKLJKHU
UHVROXWLRQ DQG WKH KLJKHU WKH FRORU GHSWK WKH PRUH UHDO WKH LPDJH ORRNV 7KH
KLJKHVWUHVROXWLRQRIVWDQGDUG9*$ZDV[SL[HOVZLWKELWVRIFRORU 
FRORUV,WZDVDEOHWRXVHPRUHFRORUVEXWDWDORZHUYHU\FUXGHUHVROXWLRQ
DURXQG [SL[HOV &RPPRQUHVROXWLRQV XVHGQRZ IRUFRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV
YDU\ EHWZHHQ [ XS WR [  SL[HOV ZLWK ³KLJK FRORU´   ELWV RI
FRORUUHSUHVHQWLQJGLIIHUHQWFRORUVXSWR³WUXHFRORU´ELWVRUPRUH
UHSUHVHQWLQJ IURP  PLOOLRQ FRORUV XS WR VHYHUDO ELOOLRQ 'LVSOD\LQJ VXFK D
GHWDLOHGDQGFRORUIXOLPDJHRQWKHVFUHHQQHHGVHQRUPRXVJUDSKLFVPHPRU\SHU
IUDPHDVZHOODVYHU\KLJKVSHHGVIRU³ZULWLQJ´VRPDQ\SL[HOVRQWKHVFUHHQLQ
UHDO WLPH 7KH DPSOLILHUV WKDW FDUU\ WKRVH VLJQDOV PXVW EH DEOH WR KDQGOH WKRVH
VSHHGVDQGVLJQDOEDQGZLGWK
7KH VWDQGDUG 9*$ DW [ UHVROXWLRQ QHHGHG DPSOLILHUV ZLWK 0+]
EDQGZLGWK $W [  8;*$ RU HYHQ DW [  6;*$ VXFK
DPSOLILHUV IDLO FRPSOHWHO\ ,Q RUGHU WR IDLWKIXOO\ DPSOLI\ DQG WUDQVPLW PRGHUQ
KLJKUHVROXWLRQJUDSKLFVDPSOLILHUV ZLWKEDQGZLGWKVRI 0+]DQGPRUH DUH
QHHGHG7KRVHDPSOLILHUVEHVLGHVWKHHQRUPRXVEDQGZLGWKWKH\KDQGOHQHHGWR
EHOLQHDUWRKDYHYHU\ORZGLVWRUWLRQDQGEHVWDEOH
6WDELOLW\ RI DQ DPSOLILHU LV LWV DELOLW\ WR DYRLG EXUVWLQJ LQWR XQFRQWUROOHG
RVFLOODWLRQ ZKLFK LV LQ DGYHUVH UHODWLRQVKLS WR WKH VSHHG LW FDQ KDQGOH 7KH
WHQGHQF\ WR RVFLOODWH LV IXUWKHU HQKDQFHG E\ WKH ORDG LPSHGDQFH 7KH ORDG
LPSHGDQFH RI D V\VWHP LV XVXDOO\ QRW MXVW D UHVLVWRU $ FDEOH FRQQHFWHG WR DQ
DPSOLILHUOHDGLQJWRWKHUHFHLYHURUPRQLWRUPD\SUHVHQWDFDSDFLWLYHDQGRUDQ
LQGXFWLYHORDGWRWKHDPSOLILHU7KLVLVWKHPDLQFDXVHRILQVWDELOLW\7KHGHILFLHQW
EHKDYLRU RI D ORDG RU FDEOH PD\ VHYHUHO\ GHJUDGH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH
DPSOLILHU LWV EDQGZLGWK OLQHDULW\ DQG VWDELOLW\ DQG LQ JHQHUDO LWV DELOLW\ WR
IDLWKIXOO\UHSURGXFHWKHVLJQDO
&DEOHV DIIHFW LPDJH UHVROXWLRQ /RQJHU FDEOHV GXH WR LPSHUIHFW FKDUDFWHULVWLFV
FDXVH KLJK IUHTXHQF\ GHWHULRUDWLRQ LPDJH ³VPHDU´ DQG ORVV RI UHVROXWLRQ ,Q
FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV HVSHFLDOO\ WKLV DGYHUVH HIIHFW LV YHU\ PXFK DFFHQWXDWHG
$PSOLILHUVVKRXOGWKHUHIRUHFRSHZLWKDQDGGLWLRQDOWDVNFRPSHQVDWLQJIRUFDEOH
ORVVHV XS WR WKH PD[LPXP XVHIXO RSHUDWLRQ GLVWDQFH +LJKUHVROXWLRQ JUDSKLFV
V\VWHPV PXVW XVH YHU\ KLJK TXDOLW\ FDEOHV IRU LPDJH WUDQVPLVVLRQ 7KH FDEOHV
VKRXOGEH VKLHOGHGWRHOLPLQDWH H[WHUQDOO\LQGXFHGLQWHUIHUHQFH HYHQWKRXJK WKH
VKLHOG LWVHOI FDQ LQFUHDVH WKH FDSDFLWDQFH RI WKH FDEOH DQG WKHUHIRUH FDXVH
GHWHULRUDWLRQLQWKHLPDJH¶VUHVROXWLRQDQGFODULW\6WDQGDUGFDEOHVVKRXOGRQO\EH
DIHZPHWHUVORQJ)RUORQJHUGLVWDQFHVWKHFRPSRXQGFDEOHLVEURNHQLQWRILYH
LQGLYLGXDO FRD[ FDEOHV ZKLFK DUH EXON\ DQG FXPEHUVRPH IRU XVH (YHQ VR WKH
GLVWDQFHLVOLPLWHGWRVHYHUDOWHQVRIPHWHUV



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'
7KHLPSHUIHFWEHKDYLRURIDFDEOHPD\FUHDWHRWKHUSUREOHPVUHVXOWLQJIURPWKH
IDLOXUHWR DFFXUDWHO\ PDWFKWKH V\VWHP¶VUHTXLUHG LPSHGDQFH7KH UHVXOWRI WKLV
HVSHFLDOO\DWKLJKIUHTXHQFLHVLV³VKDGRZV´RU³JKRVWV´RQWKHLPDJHUHVXOWLQJ
IURP VWDQGLQJ ZDYHV DQG HOHFWURQLF UHIOHFWLRQV UXQQLQJ EDFN DQG IRUWK EHWZHHQ
WUDQVPLWWHUDQGUHFHLYHU$QRWKHUDVSHFWWRFRQVLGHULVWKHV\QF$VV\QFVLJQDOV
DUH ORJLF VLJQDOV ZKLFK DUH QRW WUHDWHG DV DQDORJ VLJQDOV WKH UHFHLYHU GRHV QRW
WHUPLQDWHWKHOLQHDQGWKHUHIRUHWKHOLQHLVQRWPDWFKHG$KRVWRISUREOHPVFDQ
RFFXU ZKHQ VLJQDOV DUH VHQW RYHU ORQJ XQWHUPLQDWHG XQPDWFKHG FDEOHV 7KH
UHVXOW FDQ EH LPDJH EUHDNGRZQ RU GLVWRUWLRQ GXH WR LPSURSHU V\QF LQIRUPDWLRQ
7KHDPSOLILHU WKDWGULYHVWKH DQDORJVHFWLRQ RIWKHJUDSKLFV GDWDVKRXOGDOVR EH
DEOHWREXIIHUUHFRYHUDQGVHQGWKHV\QFLQIRUPDWLRQLQVXFKDZD\WKDWLWZLOOEH
UHFHLYHGSURSHUO\DWWKHUHFHLYHUHQG

 )DFWRUV$IIHFWLQJ4XDOLW\RI5HVXOWV
7KHUH DUH PDQ\ IDFWRUV DIIHFWLQJ WKH TXDOLW\ RI UHVXOWV ZKHQ VLJQDOV DUH
WUDQVPLWWHGIURPDVRXUFHWRDQDFFHSWRU
¾ &RQQHFWLRQ FDEOHV  /RZ TXDOLW\ FDEOHV DUH VXVFHSWLEOH WR LQWHUIHUHQFH
WKH\GHJUDGHVLJQDOTXDOLW\GXHWRSRRUPDWFKLQJDQGFDXVHHOHYDWHGQRLVH
OHYHOV7KH\VKRXOGWKHUHIRUHEHRIWKHEHVWTXDOLW\
¾ 6RFNHWVDQGFRQQHFWRUVRIWKHVRXUFHVDQGDFFH WRUV6RRIWHQLJQRUHG
WKH\VKRXOGEHRIKLJKHVWTXDOLW\VLQFH=HUR2KPFRQQHFWLRQUHVLVWDQFHLV
WKH REMHFWLYH 6RFNHWV DQG FRQQHFWRUV DOVR PXVW PDWFK WKH UHTXLUHG
LPSHGDQFH RKP LQ YLGHR &KHDS ORZ TXDOLW\ FRQQHFWRUV WHQG WR UXVW
WKXVFDXVLQJEUHDNVLQWKHVLJQDOSDWK
¾ $P OLI\LQJ FLUFXLWU\  0XVW KDYH TXDOLW\ SHUIRUPDQFH ZKHQ WKH GHVLUHG
HQGUHVXOWLVKLJKOLQHDULW\ORZGLVWRUWLRQDQGORZQRLVHRSHUDWLRQ
¾ 'LVWDQFHEHWZHHQVRXUFHVDQGDFFH WRUV3OD\VDPDMRUUROHLQWKHILQDO
UHVXOW)RUORQJGLVWDQFHVEHWZHHQVRXUFHVDQGDFFHSWRUVVSHFLDOPHDVXUHV
VKRXOGEHWDNHQLQRUGHUWRDYRLGFDEOHORVVHV7KHVHLQFOXGHXVLQJKLJKHU
TXDOLW\FDEOHVRUDGGLQJOLQHDPSOLILHUV
¾ ,QWHUIHUHQFHIURPQHLJKERULQJHOHFWULFDOD OLDQFHV7KHVHFDQKDYHDQ
DGYHUVH HIIHFW RQ VLJQDO TXDOLW\ %DODQFHG DXGLR OLQHV DUH OHVV SURQH WR
LQWHUIHUHQFHEXW XQEDODQFHGDXGLR VKRXOGEH LQVWDOOHGIDU IURPDQ\ PDLQV
SRZHU FDEOHV HOHFWULF PRWRUV WUDQVPLWWHUV HWF HYHQ ZKHQ WKH FDEOHV DUH
VKLHOGHG






.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'
 +2:'2,*(767$57('"
7KHIDVWHVWZD\WRJHWVWDUWHGLVWRWDNH\RXUWLPHDQGGRHYHU\WKLQJULJKWWKHILUVW
WLPH7DNLQJ PLQXWHVWRUHDGWKHPDQXDOPD\VDYH\RXDIHZKRXUVODWHU<RX
GRQ¶WHYHQKDYHWRUHDGWKHZKROHPDQXDO,IDVHFWLRQGRHVQ¶WDSSO\WR\RX\RX
GRQ¶WKDYHWRVSHQG\RXUWLPHUHDGLQJLW
 813$&.,1*$1'&217(176
7KH LWHPV FRQWDLQHG LQ \RXU .UDPHU SDFNDJH DUH OLVWHG EHORZ 3OHDVH VDYH WKH
RULJLQDOER[DQGSDFNDJLQJPDWHULDOVIRUSRVVLEOHIXWXUHVKLSPHQW
$P OLILHU93 7KLV8VHU0DQXDO
3RZHU6X O\ .UDPHU&RQFLVH3URGXFW&DWDORJ
5XEEHU)HHW

 2 WLRQDO$FFHVVRULHV
7KH IROORZLQJ DFFHVVRULHV ZKLFK DUH DYDLODEOH IURP .UDPHU FDQ HQKDQFH
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI\RXUPDFKLQH)RULQIRUPDWLRQUHJDUGLQJFDEOHVDQGDGGLWLRQDO
DFFHVVRULHVFRQWDFW\RXU.UDPHUGHDOHU
93[O[ 9*$;*$$XGLR6ZLWFKHUFDQEHVHULDOO\LQVHUWHGEHWZHHQXS
WR9*$VRXUFHVDQGWKH $PSOLILHUIRUVRXUFHVHOHFWLRQ,WLVDIXOOEDQGZLGWK
VZLWFKHU GHVLJQHG IRU FRPSXWHU DQG ZRUNVWDWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQV  7KH 93[O
VZLWFKHVRQHRIVL[9*$69*$;*$JUDSKLFVFDUGRXWSXWVDQGWKHDSSURSULDWH
DXGLR FKDQQHOV WR RQH PRQLWRU RU '$ HWF ZLWK QR GLVFHUQLEOH VLJQDO
GHJUDGDWLRQ 7KH 93[O DOVR KDV 56 FRQWURO ,QSXW DQG RXWSXW DUH GLUHFW
FRXSOHGDQGFRQIRUPWRWKHKLJKHVWVWDQGDUGV
93      +LJK 5HVROXWLRQ 9*$ 'LVWULEXWLRQ $PSOLILHUV
FDQ EH VHULDOO\ LQVHUWHG EHWZHHQ WKH ORRS RXWSXW RI WKH $PSOLILHU DQG WKH ORFDO
UHFHSWRUV IRU DGGLWLRQDO VLJQDO GLVWULEXWLRQ 7KH\ DUH IXOO EDQGZLGWK '$V
GHVLJQHGIRUFRPSXWHUDQGZRUNVWDWLRQVDSSOLFDWLRQV7KH93VSOLW
D9*$69*$;*$JUDSKLFVFDUGRXWSXWWRPRQLWRUVZLWKQRGLVFHUQLEOH
VLJQDO GHJUDGDWLRQ 6WDWHRIWKHDUW YLGHR DPSOLI\LQJ FLUFXLWU\ DQG PLFURFKLS
WHFKQRORJ\ PDNH WKH 93 WKH ILUVW FKRLFH *UDSKLFV &RPSRQHQW
'LVWULEXWRU6LJQDOEDQGZLGWKRI0+]DOORZWKH93WREHXVHG
ZLWKWKHKLJKHVWTXDOLW\JUDSKLFVZRUNVWDWLRQV
93  [  9*$ VZLWFKHU GLVWULEXWRU FDQ EH VHULDOO\ LQVHUWHG EHWZHHQ 
9*$;*$VRXUFHVDQGWKH$PSOLILHU,WLVDIXOOEDQGZLGWKVZLWFKHU[ 9*$
VZLWFKHU GLVWULEXWRU GHVLJQHG IRU FRPSXWHU DQG SUHVHQWDWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KH
93DOORZVVHOHFWLRQRIRQHRXWRIWZR9*$;*$VRXUFHVDQGGLVWULEXWLRQRI
WKH VHOHFWHG VRXUFH WR WZR LQGHSHQGHQW RXWSXWV 6LJQDO EDQGZLGWK RI 0+]



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'
HQVXUHV WKDW WKH 93 UHPDLQV WUDQVSDUHQW HYHQ LQ WKH PRVW FULWLFDO
DSSOLFDWLRQV7KH93LVSDUWRIWKH.UDPHU722/6IDPLO\RIFRPSDFWKLJK
TXDOLW\DQGFRVWHIIHFWLYHVROXWLRQVIRUDYDULHW\RIDSSOLFDWLRQV
93  FDQ EH VHULDOO\ LQVHUWHG EHWZHHQ WKH ORRS RXWSXW RI WKH 93 DQG D
SUHVHQWDWLRQ V\VWHP ,W LV D KLJK TXDOLW\ 3UHVHQWDWLRQ 6ZLWFKHU FRPELQLQJ WKH
IXQFWLRQVRID[ VZLWFKHUIRUFRPSRVLWHYLGHRDQGDXGLRD[ VZLWFKHUIRUV
9LGHRDQGDXGLRDQGD[ VZLWFKHUIRU9*$W\SHVLJQDOVZLWKDXGLRDOOLQWRD
VLQJOH KLJK SHUIRUPDQFH XQLW  7KH 93 LV GHVLJQHG WR EHFRPH D RQHER[
VROXWLRQ IRU V\VWHPV ZKLFK ZRXOG RWKHUZLVH UHTXLUH VHYHUDO VHSDUDWH SURGXFWV
(DFKVHFWLRQFDQEHFRQWUROOHGLQGHSHQGHQWO\IURPWKHRWKHUV7KH93FDQEH
FRQWUROOHGE\IURQWSDQHOEXWWRQVRUE\56VHULDOFRPPDQGVWUDQVPLWWHGE\D
WRXFKVFUHHQV\VWHPSHUVRQDOFRPSXWHURURWKHUVHULDOFRQWUROOHU7KH93KDV
DQDGGLWLRQDODXGLRVZLWFKLQJVHFWLRQZKLFKURXWHVRQHRIWKHSUHVHOHFWHGDXGLR
LQSXWV IURP WKH RWKHU VZLWFKLQJ VHFWLRQV WR D VHSDUDWH RXWSXW  7KLV VZLWFKLQJ
VHFWLRQFDQLQVHUWDQDGGLWLRQDOPLFURSKRQHFKDQQHOHLWKHUE\VZLWFKLQJPL[LQJ
RUWDONRYHU)URQWSDQHOFRQWUROVDOORZDGMXVWPHQWRI9*$;*$8;*$RXWSXW
OHYHODQG(40DVWHUDXGLRRXWSXWOHYHODQG0LFURSKRQHOHYHO

 ;*$/,1($03/,),(5&219(57(5
7KLV VHFWLRQ GHVFULEHV WKH FRQWUROV DQG FRQQHFWLRQV RI \RXU DPSOLILHU
8QGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH FRQWUROV DQG FRQQHFWLRQV KHOSV \RX UHDOL]H WKH IXOO SRZHU RI
\RXUPDFKLQH

 *HWWLQJWR.QRZ<RXU93/LQH$P OLILHU&RQYHUWHU
7KH.UDPHU93LVDKLJKSHUIRUPDQFH9*$;*$8;*$WR%1&FRQYHUWHU
GHVLJQHGWRDOORZDVLQJOH9*$;*$8;*$VRXUFHWRGULYHDORFDOPRQLWRUDQG
XSWRWZRFRPSDWLEOHODUJHGLVSOD\GHYLFHVVLPXOWDQHRXVO\0DQ\SURMHFWRUVDQG
ODUJHPRQLWRUVSURYLGH%1&FRQQHFWRUVUDWKHUWKDQPXOWLSLQ'FRQQHFWRUV7KH
93VROYHVWKLVSK\VLFDOLQFRPSDWLELOLW\DQGSURYLGHVWKHORFDOPRQLWRUORRS
WKURXJK DV ZHOO DV QHFHVVDU\ EXIIHULQJ DPSOLILFDWLRQ DQG V\QF SURFHVVLQJ IRU
UHPRWHDFFDSWRUVDSSOLFDWLRQV1RWHWKDWWKH93GRHVQRWSHUIRUPDQ\VFDQ
UDWHFRQYHUVLRQ
7KH 93 ZLOO DFFHSW DOO W\SLFDO 9*$ PRGHV VXFK DV 9*$ 69*$ ;*$
6;*$8;*$DQGZLOORXWSXW5*V%5*%6RU5*%+99LGHREDQGZLGWKRI
  0+] HQVXUHV WUDQVSDUHQW RSHUDWLRQ DW PXOWLSOH UHVROXWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ ;*$
)RUDSSOLFDWLRQVQRWUHTXLULQJDORFDOPRQLWRUDIURQWSDQHOWHUPLQDWLRQVZLWFKLV
SURYLGHG HOLPLQDWLQJ WKH QHHG IRU H[WHUQDO WHUPLQDWLRQ SOXJV  7KH PDFKLQH
SURYLGHV /HYHO DQG &DEOH (TXDOL]DWLRQ IURQ SDQHO HDV\DFFHVV FRQWUROV 7KH



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'
93 LV UXJJHG GHSHQGDEOH DQG UXQV RQ D VWDQGDUG 9'& VRXUFH DQG LV
WKHUHIRUHSHUIHFWO\VXLWDEOHIRUILHOGZRUNDVZHOO
)URQW5HDUSDQHOIHDWXUHVRIWKH93DUHGHVFULEHGLQ)LJXUH DQGLQ7DEOH 





)LJXUH93)URQW5HDU3DQHO)HDWXUHV

7DEOH93)URQW3DQHO)HDWXUHV
)HDWXUH )XQFWLRQ
 3RZHUVZLWFK ,OOXPLQDWHGVZLWFKVXSSOLHVSRZHUWRWKHXQLW
 6**5((1
SXVKEXWWRQ
6HOHFWVHLWKHU6\QF*UHHQRU*UHHQDWWKH*5((1
%1&FRQQHFWRU6\QF*UHHQ SUHVVHG
 +9+SXVKEXWWRQ 6HOHFWVKRUL]RQWDOYHUWLFDOV\QFZKHQSUHVVHG
RUKRUL]RQWDOV\QFRQO\ZKHQUHOHDVHGDWWKH
++96<1&FRQQHFWRU
 %1&287(4NQRE &RQWUROVFDEOHHTXDOL]DWLRQRIWKH%1&YLGHR
RXWSXWV
 %1&287/HYHONQRE &RQWUROVYLGHROHYHORIWKH%1&YLGHRRXWSXWV
 7HUPLQDWLRQ6ZLWFK :KHQUHOHDVHGDOORZVIRUORRSLQJ:KHQSUHVVHG
LQORRSLQJFDQQRWEHXVHG



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'
7DEOH935HDU3DQHO)HDWXUHV&RQW
)HDWXUH )XQFWLRQ
 9*$;*$/223
+' )FRQQHFWRU
3URYLGHV9*$;*$ORRSLQJFDSDELOLW\WRLQFUHDVH
WKHQXPEHURIRXWSXWV
 9*$;*$LQSXW
+' )FRQQHFWRU
7KH9*$;*$LQSXWFRQQHFWRU
  5('*5((1DQG
%/8(%1&FRQQHFWRUV
7ZRVHWVRIDPSOLILHGDQGEXIIHUHG5('*5((1
%/8(VLJQDORXWSXWV
 &6+V6<1&%1&
FRQQHFWRU
$PSOLILHGDQGEXIIHUHGKRUL]RQWDOV\QFZKHQ
+V&VSXVKEXWWRQLVSUHVVHGRU&RPSRVLWHV\QF
RQO\ZKHQ+V&VSXVKEXWWRQLVUHOHDVHG
 9V6<1&%1&
FRQQHFWRU
$PSOLILHGDQGEXIIHUHGYHUWLFDOV\QFRXWSXW
 '&3RZHUVXSSO\
&RQQHFWRU
$'&FRQQHFWRUDOORZVSRZHU 9'&WREH
VXSSOLHGWRWKHXQLW

 ,167$//$7,21
 5DFN0RXQWLQJ
7KH93OLQHDPSOLILHUSURFHVVRUPD\EHUDFNPRXQWHGLQDVWDQGDUG ´
 8(,$UDFNDVVHPEO\XVLQJRSWLRQDOUDFNDGDSWHUPRGHO5.0('1
 &211(&7,1*729*$;*$8;*$6285&(6
9*$;*$8;*$VRXUFHVPD\EHFRQQHFWHGWRWKH93WKURXJKWKH+' )
W\SH FRQQHFWRUV ORFDWHG RQ WKH EDFN RI WKH PDFKLQH 2XWSXW GHYLFHV VXFK DV
PRQLWRUVSURMHFWRUVRUUHFRUGHUVPD\EHFRQQHFWHGWRWKHPDFKLQHWKURXJKWKH
%1&FRQQHFWRUV

 86,1*7+(0$&+,1(
 7XUQLQJRQWKH$P OLILHU
 %$
 7KH DPSOLILHU VKRXOG RQO\ EH WXUQHG RQ DIWHU DOO
FRQQHFWLRQVDUHFRPSOHWHGDQGDOOVRXUFHGHYLFHVKDYHEHHQ
WXUQHG RQ 'R QRW DWWHPSW WR FRQQHFW RU GLVFRQQHFW DQ\
YLGHR RU FRQWURO VLJQDOV WR WKH $PSOLILHU ZKLOH LW LV WXUQHG
RQ
 7KH VRFNHW RXWOHW VKRXOG EH QHDU WKH HTXLSPHQW DQG
VKRXOG EH HDVLO\ DFFHVVLEOH 7R IXOO\ GLVFRQQHFW HTXLSPHQW
UHPRYHWKHSRZHUFRUGIURPLWVVRFNHW



.5$0(5(/(&7521,&6/7'

3UHVVWKHWRJJOHVZLWFKRQWKHOHIWRIIURQWSDQHOWRWKHXSSRVLWLRQ7KH
WRJJOHVZLWFKLOOXPLQDWHV
2SHUDWHWKHDFFHSWRUV
 2XW XW/HYHO&RQWURO
7KH /HYHO &RQWURO IXQFWLRQ HQDEOHV WKH RSHUDWRU WR FRQWUROWKH SLFWXUH LQWHQVLW\
OHYHO RU FRPSHQVDWH IRU GLVWRUWLRQV FDXVHG E\ IRU H[DPSOH FDEOHV WKDW DUH WRR
ORQJRUVKRUW/RZOHYHOVLJQDOVFDXVHDSLFWXUHWREHWRRGDUNDQGRQWKHRWKHU
KDQGH[FHVVLYHOHYHOVEXUQWKHSLFWXUH7RFRUUHFWWKHLQFRPLQJVLJQDODGMXVW
WKH/(9(/NQREXQWLODVDWLVIDFWRU\SLFWXUHLVDFKLHYHG
 /RR LQJ
7KH ORRSLQJ IXQFWLRQ HQDEOHV WKH RSHUDWRU WR FRQQHFW VHYHUDO PDFKLQHV WR D
9*$;*$VRXUFH$OZD\VVZLWFKWKHWHUPLQDWLRQVZLWFKRIWKHILUVWDQGPLGGOH
PDFKLQHVWR+L]7KHODVWDPSOLILHU¶VWHUPLQDWLRQVZLWFKVKRXOGDOZD\VEHDW
RKPWRPDLQWDLQZHOOPDWFKHGOLQHVRIRKPLPSHGDQFHIURPWKHILUVWWR
WKH ODVW DPSOLILHU ,I WKH ORRSLQJ IXQFWLRQ LV QRW XVHG WKH WHUPLQDWLRQ VZLWFK
VKRXOGEHVHWWRRKP
 (TXDOL]DWLRQ&RQWURO
(TXDOL]DWLRQ &RQWURO IXQFWLRQ FRPSHQVDWHV IRU GHJUDGDWLRQ RI WKH LQFRPLQJ
VLJQDOVGXHWRFDEOHLPSHUIHFWLRQV3RSXODUFDEOHVVXFKDV5*5* RU5*
FDXVHGHJUDGDWLRQDWWHQXDWLRQDVIROORZV
&$%/(7<3( /(1*7+ )5(48(1&< $77(18$7,21
5*

PHWHU
PHWHU
0+]
0+]
G%
G%
5* PHWHU
PHWHU
0+]
0+]
G%
G%
5*

PHWHU
PHWHU
0+]
0+]
G%
G%
'HJUDGDWLRQ DQG ORVV RI 9*$;*$ VLJQDOV DUH FDXVHG E\ VWUD\ FDSDFLWDQFH
LQKHUHQW LQ ORQJ FDEOHV $V ORQJHU FDEOHV RU KLJKHU IUHTXHQFLHV DUH XVHG LW
EHFRPHV D VHULRXV SUREOHP DQG ILQH GHWDLOV RI WKH SLFWXUH IDGH :KHQ 5*%
VLJQDOVDUHLQYROYHGGHJUDGDWLRQLVHYHQJUHDWHUOHDGLQJWRWRWDOORVVRIVKDUSQHVV
LQKLJKUHVROXWLRQ VLJQDOV ,WLV SRVVLEOH WRFRPSHQVDWH IRUWKH FDEOHV LPSHUIHFW
EHKDYLRU E\ XVLQJ WKH DPSOLILHU¶V (4 NQREV XQWLO D VDWLVIDFWRU\ SLFWXUH LV
DFKLHYHG
