Linear Technology DC2048A User manual

1
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
Description
LTC3330EUH
Nanopower Buck-Boost DC/DC with
Energy Harvesting Battery Life Extender
Demonstration Circuit 2048A is a nanopower buck-
boost DC/DC with energy harvesting battery life extender
featuring the LT C
®
3330. The LTC3330 integrates a high
voltage energy harvesting power supply plus a DC/DC
converter powered by a primary cell battery to create a
single output supply for alternative energy applications.
The energy harvesting power supply, consisting of an
integrated low-loss full-wave bridge with a high voltage
buck converter, harvests energy from piezoelectric, solar
or magnetic sources. The primary cell input powers a
buck-boost converter capable of operating down to 1.8V
at its input. Either DC/DC converter can deliver energy to
a single output. The buck operates when harvested energy
is available, reducing the quiescent current drawn on the L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and Dust
is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their
respective owners.
BoarD photo
battery to essentially zero. The buck-boost takes over
when harvested energy goes away.
A low noise LDO post regulator and a supercapacitor
balancer are also integrated, accommodating a wide range
of output storage configurations.
Voltage and current settings for both input and outputs
are programmable via pin-strapped logic inputs.
The LTC3330EUH is available in a 5mm × 5mm 32-lead
QFN surface mount package with exposed pad.
Design files for this circuit board are available at
http://www.linear.com/demo/DC2048A
Figure 1. DC2048A Demo Board
Figure 2. Typical Efficiency of DC2048A.
Buck Efficiency vs ILOAD
ILOAD (A)
EFFICIENCY (%)
DC2048A F02
100
90
60
80
70
40
50
20
10
30
01µ 10µ 10m 100m1m100µ
VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 2.5V
VOUT = 3.3V
VOUT = 5V
VIN = 6V, L = 22µH, DCR = 0.19Ω

2
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
performance summary
Specifications are at TA= 25°C
SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNITS
VIN Input Voltage Range 3.0 18.0 V
VBAT Battery Voltage Range 1.8 5.5 V
VOUT 1.8V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 0, OUT1 = 0, OUT2 = 0 1.728 1.872 V
VOUT 2.5V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 1, OUT1 = 0, OUT2 = 0 2.425 2.575 V
VOUT 2.8V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 0, OUT1 = 1, OUT2 = 0 2.716 2.884 V
VOUT 3.0V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 1, OUT1 = 1, OUT2 = 0 2.910 3.090 V
VOUT 3.3V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 0, OUT1 = 0, OUT2 = 1 3.200 3.400 V
VOUT 3.6V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 1, OUT1 = 0, OUT2 = 1 3.492 3.708 V
VOUT 4.5V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 0, OUT1 = 1, OUT2 = 1 4.365 4.635 V
VOUT 5.0V Output Voltage Range OUT0 = 1, OUT1 = 1, OUT2 = 1 4.850 5.150 V
LDO 1.2V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 0, LDO1 = 0, LDO2 = 0 1.176 1.224 V
LDO 1.5V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 1, LDO1 = 0, LDO2 = 0 1.470 1.530 V
LDO 1.8V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 0, LDO1 = 1, LDO2 = 0 1.764 1.836 V
LDO 2.0V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 1, LDO1 = 1, LDO2 = 0 1.960 2.040 V
LDO 2.5V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 0, LDO1 = 0, LDO2 = 1 2.450 2.550 V
LDO 3.0V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 1, LDO1 = 0 ,LDO2 = 1 2.940 3.060 V
LDO 3.3V LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 0, LDO1 = 1, LDO2 = 1 3.234 3.366 V
LDO LD0_IN LDO Voltage Range LDO0 = 1, LDO1 = 1, LDO2 = 1 LDO_IN V
Refer to the block diagram within the LTC3330 data sheet
for its operating principle.
The LTC3330 combines a buck switching regulator and
a buck-boost switching regulator to produce an energy
harvestingsolutionwithbattery backup. The converters are
controlled by a prioritizer that selects which converter to
use based on the availability of abattery and/or harvestable
energy. If harvested energy is available, the buck regula-
tor is active and the buck-boost is off. With an optional
LDO and supercapacitor balancer and an array of different
configurations, the LTC3330 suits many applications.
The synchronous buck converter is an ultralow quiescent
currentpowersupplytailoredtoenergyharvestingapplica-
tions. It is designed to interface directly to a piezoelectric
or alternative A/C energy source, rectify and store the har-
vested energy on an external capacitor while maintaining a
regulated output voltage. It can also bleed off any excess
input power via an internal protective shunt regulator.
An internal full-wave bridge rectifier accessible via AC1
and AC2 inputs, rectifies AC sources such as those from
a piezoelectric element. The rectified output is stored on
a capacitor at the VIN pin and can be used as an energy
reservoir for the buck converter. The bridge rectifier has
a total drop of about 800mV at typical piezo-generated
currents, but is capable of carrying up to 50mA.
When the voltage on VIN rises above the UVLO rising
threshold the buck converter is enabled and charge is
transferred from the input capacitor to the output capaci-
tor. When the input capacitor voltage is depleted below
the UVLO falling threshold the buck converter is disabled.
These thresholds can be set according to Table 4 of the
data sheet which offers UVLO rising thresholds from 4V
to 18V with large or small hysteresis windows.
Tw o internalrails,CAPandVIN2,aregeneratedfromVIN and
are used to drive the high side PMOS and low side NMOS
of the buck converter, respectively. Additionally the VIN2
operating principle

3
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
rail serves as logic high for output voltage select bits UV
[3:0]. The VIN2 rail is regulated at 4.8V above GND while
the CAP rail is regulated at 4.8V below VIN. These are not
intended to be used as external rails. Bypass capacitors
should be connected to the CAP and VIN2 pins to serve
as energy reservoirs for driving the buck switches. When
VIN is below 4.8V, VIN2 is equal to VIN and CAP is held
at GND. VIN3 is an internal rail used by the buck and the
buck-boost. When the LTC3330 runs the buck, VIN3 will
be a Schottky diode drop below VIN2. When it runs as a
buck-boost VIN3 is equal to BAT.
The buck regulator uses a hysteretic voltage algorithm
to control the output through internal feedback from the
VOUT sense pin. The buck converter charges an output
capacitorthrough an inductor to avalue slightly higher than
the regulation point. It does this by ramping the inductor
current up to 250mA through an internal PMOS switch and
then ramping it down to 0mA through an internal NMOS
switch. When the buck brings the output voltage into
regulation, the converter enters a low quiescent current
sleep state that monitors the output voltage with a sleep
comparator. During this operating mode, load current is
provided by the buck output capacitor. When the output
voltage falls below the regulation point, the buck regulator
wakes up and the cycle repeats. This hysteretic method of
providingaregulatedoutput reduceslossesassociated with
FET switching and maintains an output at light loads. The
buck delivers a minimum of 100mA average load current
when it is switching. VOUT can be set from 1.8V to 5.0V
via the output voltage select bits OUT [2:0] according to
Table 1 of the data sheet.
The buck-boost uses the same hysteretic algorithm as
the buck to control the output, VOUT, with the same sleep
comparator. The buck-boosthas three modes of operation;
buck, buck-boost and boost. An internal mode compara-
tor determines the mode of operation based on BAT and
VOUT. In each mode, the inductor current ramps up to
IPEAK which is programmable via IPK [2:0]. See Table 3
of the data sheet.
An integrated low drop out regulator (LDO) is available
with its own input, LDO_IN. It will regulate LDO_OUT to
seven different output voltages based on the LDO [2:0]
selectionbits according to Table 2 of the data sheet. A mode
is provided to turn the LDO into a current-limited switch in
which the PMOS is always on. LDO_EN enables the LDO
when high and when low, eliminates all quiescent current
into LDO_IN. The LDO is designed to provide 50mA over
a range of LDO_IN and LDO_OUT combinations. The LDO
also features a 1ms soft-start for smooth output start-up.
Power good comparators, PGVOUT and PGLDO, produce
a logic high referenced to highest of VIN2, BAT and VOUT
less a Schottky diode drop. PGVOUT and PGLDO will
transition high the first time the respective converter
reaches the programmed sleep threshold, signaling that
the output is in regulation. The pin will remain high until
the voltage falls to 92% of the desired regulated voltage.
An integrated supercapacitor balancer with 165nA of
quiescent current is available to balance a stack of two
supercapacitors. Typically the input, SCAP, will be tied to
VOUT to allow for increased energy storage at VOUT with
supercapacitors. The BAL pin is tied to the middle of the
stack and can source or sink 10mA to regulate the BAL
pin’s voltage to half that of the SCAP voltage. To disable
the balancer and its associated quiescent current, the
SCAP and BAL pins can be tied to ground.
operating principle

4
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
Quick start proceDure
Using short twisted pair leads for any power connections,
with all loads and power supplies off, refer to Figure 3 for
the proper measurement and equipment setup.
Follow the procedure below:
1. BeforeconnectingPS1 to the DC2048A, PS1 must have
its current limit set to 300mA and PS2 must have its
current limit set to 500mA. For most power supplies
with a current limit adjustment feature the procedure
to set the current limit is as follows. Turn the voltage
and current adjustment to minimum. Short the output
terminalsandturnthe voltage adjustment to maximum.
Adjust the current limit to 300mA for PS1 and 500mA
for PS2. Turn the voltage adjustment to minimum and
remove the short between the output terminals. The
power supply is now current limited to 300mA and
500mA respectively.
Verify that there is not a battery installed in the BH1
battery holder.
2. Initial Jumper, PS and LOAD settings:
JP1 = 0 JP2 = 0 JP3 = 0 JP4 = 0
JP5 = 0 JP6 = 0 JP7 = 0
JP8 = 0 JP9 = 0 JP10 = 0
JP11 = OFF
PS1 = OFF PS2 = OFF
LOAD1 = OFF LOAD2 = OFF
3. Connect PS1 to the VIN terminals, then turn on PS1
and slowly increase voltage to 2.0V while monitoring
the input current. If the current remains less than 5mA,
increase PS1 to 5.0V.
4. Set LOAD1 to 50mA. Verify voltage on VOUT is within
the VOUT 1.8V range in Table 1. Verify that the output
ripple voltage is between 20mV and 60mV. Verify that
PGVOUT is high. Decrease LOAD1 to 5mA.Verify that
PGVOUT is high. Decrease PS1 to 0V.
5. Set JP1, JP2, JP3, JP4 to 1. Slowly increase PS1 to
16V and verify that VOUT is off. Increase PS1 to 19V
and verify that VOUT is within the VOUT 1.8V range of
Table 1.
6. Decrease PS1 to 0V and disconnect PS1 from VIN. Set
the current limit of PS1 to 25mA as described above.
7. Connect PS1 to AC1 and slowly increase PS1 volt-
age to 2.0V while monitoring the input current. If the
current remains less than 5mA, increase PS1 to 19V.
Verify voltage on VOUT is within the VOUT 1.8V range in
Table 1.Decrease PS1 to 0V, swap the AC1 connection
to AC2 and repeat the test. Decrease PS1 to 0V and
disconnect PS1 from AC2.
8. Set JP5 to 1, JP6 to 1, and JP7 to 1. Connect PS1 to
the VIN turret. Increase PS1 to 19V and set LOAD1 to
50mA. Verify voltage on VOUT is within the VOUT 5.0V
range in Table 1. Verify that the output ripple voltage is
between 20mV to 60mV. Set PS1 to 0V and disconnect
PS1.
9. Set JP1 to 1; JP2, JP3, JP4 and JP5 to 0; JP6 and JP7
to 1; PS1 to 0V and disconnectPS1. Connect PS2 to the
BAT Terminals, then turn on PS2 and slowly increase
voltage to 1.0V while monitoring the input current. If
the current remains less than 5mA, increase PS2 to
2.0V. Verify voltage on VOUT is within the VOUT 3.0V
range in Table 1. Verify that the output ripple voltage
is between 20mV to 60mV.
10. Increase PS2 to 3.0V. Verify voltage on VOUT is within
the VOUT 3.0V range in Table 1. Verify that the output
ripple voltage is between 20mV to 60mV.
11. Increase PS2 to 5.0V. Verify voltage on VOUT is within
the VOUT 3.0V range in Table 1. Verify that the output
ripple voltage is between 20mV to 60mV. Decrease
PS2 to 0V and disconnect PS2.
12. Set the current limit of PS1 to 300mA as described
above. Connect PS1 to the VIN terminals. Set JP5 to
1, JP6 to 1 and JP7 to 1. Set PS1 to 14V.Connect a
jumper lead from VOUT to LDO_IN. Verify that LDO is
off. Move JP11 jumper to EN and verify that LDO_OUT
is now 1.2V. Increase Load 2 to 50mA and verify than
LDO is within the 1.2V range in Table 1. Verify that
PGLDO is high.
13. Set JP8 to 1, JP9 to 1, JP10 to 1, verify that LDO_OUT
is slightly below VOUT. Verify that PGLDO is low.

5
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
Quick start proceDure
14. Add a jumper lead from VOUT to SCAP. Verify that BAL
is approximately ½ of VOUT.
15. Set JP8 to 0, JP9 to 0 and JP10 to 0 and verify that
LDO_OUT is now 1.2V. Quickly remove PS1 + lead
from VIN and verify that LDO_OUT remains at 1.2V
for approximately 5 seconds.
16. Turn off PS1, PS2, LOAD1 and LOAD2.
Figure 3. Proper Measurement Equipment Setup

6
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)
Remove the battery from the BH1 holder on the bottom
side of the DC2048A. Attach a Dust mote to J1 of the
DC2048A, refer to Figure 4 for the proper setup. J1 is a
keyed connector and is connected to the left side of the
P1 connector on the Dust mote. Figure 12 is a schematic
of the Dust mote and the DC2048A interconnections plus
three extra connections which; 1) connect the SCAP to
VOUT, 2) connect BAL to the middle of the supercapacitors
and 3) connect EH_ON to OUT2. The DC2048A contains
NC7SZ58P6X universal configurable 2-input logic gates
that are input voltage tolerant and allow level shifting
between the LTC3330 and the Dust mote.
On the DC2048A set JP1 to 0, JP2 to 0, JP3 to 1, JP4 to
0, JP5 to 1, JP6 to 0, JP7 to 0, JP8, JP9 and JP10 to 0,
JP11 to OFF.
Piezoelectric Transducer Evaluation
Mount a series connected MIDE V25W to a vibration
source and connect the electrical connections to the
AC1 and AC2 turrets. Activate the vibration source to
an acceleration of 1G and a frequency of 60Hz. Figure 5
shows an open circuit voltage of 10.6V for the Mide V25W
piezoelectric device that was tuned to 60Hz. In order to
set the VIN_UVLO_RISING and VIN_UVLO_FALLING
thresholds, the open circuit voltage of the piezoelectric
device must be measured. The internal bridge network of
the LTC3330 will have approximately 800mV drop at an
input current of 300µA.
The peak power load voltage of a purely resistive source
is at one half (½) of the rectified no load voltage. In this
case, the optimal average input voltage regulation level
would be 4.9V. Using a VIN_UVLO_RISING threshold of
6V and a VIN_UVLO_FALLING threshold of 5V(UV3 = 0,
UV2 = 0, UV1 = 1, UV0 = 0) yields an average input voltage
close to the theoretical optimal voltage.
Figure 4. DC2048A with Dust™ Mote

7
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
Figure 5. MIDE V25W Open Circuit AC Voltage
with 1grms, 60Hz Acceleration Applied
connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)
Figure 7. Mide V25W Charging the 18µF Input
Capacitance from 4.48V to 5.92V in 208ms
Figure 6 is a plot of the output power and load voltage
of the V25W piezoelectric transducer into a 42.2kΩ load
for various rms acceleration levels. The output power
compares well with the input power that is charging CIN
during the sleep cycle between VIN_UVLO_FALLING and
VIN_UVLO_RISING thresholds at an acceleration force of
1grms, shown in Figure 7.
In Figure 7, the input capacitor is being recharged from
the V25W piezoelectric transducer. The input capacitor is
charging from 4.48V to 5.92V in 208 milli-seconds. The
power delivered from the V25W is 648µW.
Assuming that the circuit is configured as shown in
Figure 8, it will take a significant amount of time for the
piezo transducer to charge the 0.09F supercapacitor on
the output of the LTC3330. As used above, the 22µF input
capacitor is only 18µF at an applied voltage of 5V, so
every VIN_UVLO_RISING and FALLING event produces
26 micro-coulombs [(5.92V– 4.48V) • 18µF)] that may be
transferredfromthe input capacitor to the
outputcapacitor,
minus the losses of the buck regulator in the LTC3330.
The buck regulator efficiency is approximately 90% at VIN
equal to 5V and VOUT between 2.5V and 3.6V. Thus, for
every UVLO event, 23.3 microcoulombs are added to the
outputsupercapacitor. Given a0.09Foutput supercapacitor
charging to 3.6V, 324 millicoulombs are required to fully
chargethesupercapacitor.Assumingnoadditionalload on
the output, it takes 13,906 (.324/23.3e-6) UVLO events to
charge the output supercapacitor to 3.6V. From Figure 7, it
can be observed that each VIN_UVLO event takes 208ms
so the total time to charge the output capacitor from 0V
to 3.6V will be greater than 2900s. Figure 9 shows the no
load charging of the output supercapacitor, which takes
approximately 3300s. The above calculation neglects the
lower efficiency at low output voltages and the time it
takes to transfer the energy from the input capacitor to
the output supercapacitor so predicting the actual value
within –12% is to be expected.
Figure 6. Mide V25W Output Power Into a 42.2kΩ Load
with 1grms, 60Hz Acceleration Applied to the Mide V25W
Piezoelectric Transducer, [√2 • sin(2π • 60Hz • t)]
1ms/DIV DC2048A F05
VAC
OC 10
FORGE (g)
POWER (µW)
LOAD VOLTAGE (VRMS)
DC2048A F02
700
600
400
500
200
100
300
0
6
4
5
2
1
3
0
0.25 0.375 0.75 0.875 10.6250.5
POWER (µW)
LOAD VOLTAGE (VRMS)
42.2k LOAD 60Hz
455µs/DIV DC2048A F07
BH_ON
5V/DIV
VOUT
1V/DIV
VIN
2V/DIV

8
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)
Figure 8. LTC3330 Circuit Charging Supercapacitor
at No Load without a Battery (VOUT = 3.6V)
Figure 9. Scope Shots of LTC3330 Charging
Supercapacitor at No Load without a Battery
(VOUT = 3.6V)
PIEZO
MIDE V25W
1µF
6V
4.7µF, 6.3V
GND
LTC3330
DC2048A F08
AC1
VIN
CAP
VIN2
BAT
IPK2
IPK1
IPK0
UV3
UV2
UV1
UV0
OUT2
AC2
SW
SWA
22µH
22µH
SWB
VOUT
SCAP
BAL
OUT1
OUT0
EH_ON
PGVOUT
VIN3
22µF
25V
22µF
6V
1µF
6V
180mF
2.5V
180mF
2.5V
HZ202F
100µF
10V
500s/DIV DC2048A F09
EH_ON
5V/DIV
VOUT
2V/DIV
VIN
2V/DIV

9
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)
Figure 10. LTC3330 Circuit with a Supercapacitor, a Battery Installed
and a Pulsed Load Applied (VOUT = 3.6V)
Figure 11. Charging a Supercapacitor with a Battery Installed and a
Pulsed Load (VOUT = 3.6V)
Figure 10 shows the LTC3330 with a supercapacitor on
the output, a battery installed and the output voltage set
to 3.6V. The scope shots in Figure 11 were taken after
applying a pulsed load of 15mA for 10ms. With the battery
attached and a pulsed load applied, the EH_ON signal will
switch back and forth from high to low every time the
VIN voltage transitions from the VIN_UVLO_RISING to
VIN_UVLO_FALLING threshold. When the pulsed load is
applied, the output capacitor is depleted slightly and the
input capacitor must recharge the output cap. Because the
inputcapacitanceis much less than the output capacitance,
theinput capacitor will gothroughmany UVLO transitions to
charge the output capacitor back up to the sleep threshold.
Once the output is charged to the output sleep threshold,
the EH_ON signal will again be consistently high indicating
that the energy harvesting source is powering the output.
PIEZO
MIDE V25W
1µF
6V
4.7µF, 6V
GND
LTC3330
DC2048A F10
AC1
VIN
CAP
VIN2
BAT
IPK2
IPK1
IPK0
UV3
UV2
UV1
UV0
OUT2
AC2
SW
SWA
22µH
22µH
SWB
VOUT
SCAP
BAL
OUT1
OUT0
EH_ON
PGVOUT
VIN3
22µF
25V
22µF
6V
PRIMARY
CELL
3.2V
+
1µF
6V
180mF
2.5V
180mF
2.5V
HZ202F
100µF
10V
PULSED
15mA
10ms
1s/DIV DC2048A F11
EH_ON
5V/DIV
VOUT
50mV/DIV
VIN
2V/DIV
LOAD CURRENT
20mA/DIV

10
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)
Figure 12 shows the LTC3330 with an output superca-
pacitor,a Dustmoteattached,a battery installedandEH_ON
connected to OUT2. In this configuration, when EH_ON
is low, VOUT will be set to 2.5V and when EH_ON is high,
VOUT will be set to 3.6V. The first marker in Figure 13 is
where the vibration source was activated; VIN then rises
above the VIN_UVLO_RISING threshold. EH_ON will then
go high causing VOUT to rise towards 3.6V(VOUT started
at 2.5V because the battery had charged it up initially).
At the same time EH_ON goes high, PGVOUT will go low,
since the new VOUT level of 3.6V has not been reached.
As the charge on VIN is being transferred to VOUT, VIN is
discharging and when VIN reaches its UVLO_FALLING
threshold, EH_ON will go low, causing the targeted VOUT
to again be 2.5V. Given that the output capacitor is very
large and the average load is less than the input power
supplied by the Mide piezoelectric transducer, the output
voltage will increase to the higher set-point of 3.6V over
many cycles. During the transition from the BAT set-point
Figure 12. Dust Mote Setup with a Supercapacitor,
a Battery and EH_ON Connected to OUT2
of 2.5V to the energy harvester set-point of 3.6V, VOUT is
above the 2.5V PGVOUT threshold, hence, PGVOUT will
go high every time EH_ON goes low. This cycle will be
repeated until VOUT reaches the PGVOUT threshold for the
VOUT setting of 3.6V. When a pulse load is applied that is
greater than the energy supplied by the input capacitor,
VIN will drop below the VIN_UVLO_FALLING threshold,
EH_ON will go low and the buck-boost regulator will be
ready to support the load requirement from the battery,
but will not start to switch until the supercapacitor is
discharged to 2.5V. In this way, the circuit can store a
lot of harvested energy and use it for an extended period
of time before switching over to the battery energy. The
supercapacitor could be sized to accommodate known
repeated periods of time that the energy harvester source
will not be available, such as overnight when a vibrating
machine is turned off or in the case of a solar application,
when the lights are turned off or the sun goes down.
PIEZO
MIDE V25W
1µF
6V
4.7µF, 6V
GND
LTC3330
DC2048A F12
AC1
VIN
CAP
VIN2
BAT
IPK2
IPK1
IPK0
UV3
UV2
UV1
UV0
OUT2
AC2
SW
SWA
22µH
22µH
SWB
VOUT
SCAP
BAL
OUT1
OUT0
EH_ON
PGVOUT
VIN3
22µF
25V
22µF
6V
CR2032
+
1µF
6V
180mF
2.5V
180mF
2.5V
HZ202F
100µF
10V
EHORBAT
PGOOD
VSUPPLY
VOUT = 3.6V FOR EH_ON = 1
VOUT = 2.5V FOR EH_ON = 0
TX
GND
LINEAR TECHNOLOGY DC9003A-A/B
DUST MOTE FOR WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS
NC7SZ58P8X
(x2)

11
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)
Figure 14. Output Supercapacitor Discharging
When the Vibration Source Is Switched Off
Figure 13. Mide 25W Charging Output Supercapacitor
from 2.5V to 3.6V with Dust Mote Attached
While the EH_ON signal is low the buck-boost circuit
will consume 750nA from the battery in the sleeping
state. The effects of a pulsed load are shown in Figure 13
at approximately 1850s, where VIN is discharged and the
EH_ON signal pulses low to high for a brief period of time,
which occurred as a result of the Dust mote radio making
a data transmission.
Figure14shows the discharging of VOUT whenthe vibration
sourceis removed andVIN dropsbelowthe UVLO_FALLING
threshold causing EH_ON to go low. The supercapacitor
on VOUT will discharge down to the new target voltage of
2.5V at which point the buck-boost regulator will turn on
supplying power to the Dust mote. The discharging of
the supercapacitor on VOUT provides an energy source
for short term loss of the vibration source and extends
the life of the battery.
Figure 15 is the same Dust mote configuration as Figure 12
butwithoutthe output supercapacitor.Figure 16 shows the
chargingoftheoutputwithout the
supercapacitor attached.
200s/DIV DC2048A F13
EH_ON
5V/DIV
POVOUT
5V/DIV
VOUT
1V/DIV
VIN
200V/DIV
200s/DIV DC2048A F14
EH_ON
5V/DIV
POVOUT
5V/DIV
VOUT
1V/DIV
VIN
200V/DIV

12
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
PIEZO
MIDE V25W
1µF
6V
4.7µF, 6V
GND
LTC3330
DC2048A F15
AC1
VIN
CAP
VIN2
BAT
IPK2
IPK1
IPK0
UV3
UV2
UV1
UV0
OUT2
AC2
SW
SWA
22µH
22µH
SWB
VOUT
SCAP
BAL
OUT1
OUT0
EH_ON
PGVOUT
VIN3
22µF
25V
22µF
6V
CR2032
+
1µF
6V
100µF
10V
EHORBAT
PGOOD
VSUPPLY
VOUT = 3.6V FOR EH_ON = 1
VOUT = 2.5V FOR EH_ON = 0
TX
GND
LINEAR TECHNOLOGY DC9003A-A/B
DUST MOTE FOR WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS
NC7SZ58P8X
(x2)
100ms/DIV DC2048A F16
EH_ON
500V/DIV
POVOUT
500V/DIV
VOUT
1V/DIV
VIN
200V/DIV
connection to a Dust mote (Dc9003a-B)
Figure 15. Dust Mote Setup without a Supercapacitor and with EH_ON Connected to OUT2
Figure 16. Output Voltage Charging with
Dust Mote Attached without Supercapacitor

13
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
parts list
ITEM QTY REFERENCE PART DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER/PART NUMBER
Required Circuit Components
1 1 BAT1 CR2032 COIN LI-ION BATTERY DURACELL, CR2032
2 1 BTH1 SMT, CR2032 BATTERY HOLDER MPD INC, BU2032SM-HD-GCT-ND
3 1 C1 SUPERCAP, 90mF, 5.5V, 20mm × 15mm CAP-XX, HZ202F
4 1 C2 CAP, CHIP, X5R, 150µF, 20%, 10V, 1210 SAMSUNG, CL32A157MQVNNNE
5 2 C7, C8 CAP, CHIP, X5R, 22µF, 20%, 6.3V, 1206 SAMSUNG, CL31A226MQHNNNE
6 2 C3, C6 CAP, CHIP, X5R, 1µF, 10%, 6.3V, 0402 SAMSUNG, CL05A105KQ5NNNC
7 1 C11 CAP, CHIP, X5R, 10µF, 10%, 6.3V, 0805 SAMSUNG, CL21A106KQFNNNE
8 1 C4 CAP, CHIP, X5R, 22µF, 10%, 25V, 1210 SAMSUNG, CL32A226KAJNNNE
9 1 C5 CAP, CHIP, X5R, 4.7µF, 10%, 6.3V, 0603 SAMSUNG, CL104A475KQ8NNNE
10 1 L1 INDUCTOR, 22µH, 0.800A, 0.36Ω, 3.9mm × 3.9mm COILCRAFT, LPS4018-223MLC
11 1 L2 INDUCTOR, 22µH, 0.75A, 0.19Ω, 4.8mm × 4.8mm COILCRAFT, LPS5030-223MLC
12 3 R2, R4, R6 RES, CHIP, 0Ω, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW06030000Z0EA
13 0 R3, R5, R7 RES, CHIP, 0Ω, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW06030000Z0EA
14 1 R10 RES, CHIP, 10M, 1/10W, 5%, 0603 VISHAY, CRCW060310M0JNEA
15 1 U1 ENERGY HARVESTING DC/DC WITH BATTERY LINEAR TECH, LTC3330EUH
Additional Demo Board Circuit Components
1 0 C9, C10 (OPT) CAP, CHIP, X5R, 0.1µF, 10%, 10V, 0402 TDK, C1005X5R1A104K
2 0 C12 SUPERCAP, 330mF, 55V, 60mΩ MURATA, DMF3R5R5L334M3DAO
3 0 BTH2 SMT, CR2477 BATTERY HOLDER RENATA, SMTU2477-1
4 1 R1 RES,CHIP, 1k, 1/16W, 1%, 0402 VISHAY, CRCW04021K00FKED
5 0 R8, R9 RES, CHIP, 7.5k, 1/16W,1%,0402 VISHAY, CRCW04027K50FKED
6 3 U2, U3, U4 IC, UHS UNIV. CONFIG. TWO-INPUT GATES, SC70-6 FAIRCHILD, NC7SZ58P6X
Hardware: For Demo Board Only
1 15 E1-E8, E12-E19 TURRET, 0.09 DIA MILL-MAX, 2501-2
2 3 E9-E11 TURRET, 0.061 DIA MILL-MAX, 2308-2
3 1 J1 HEADER, 12 PIN, DUST HEADER 2×6 SAMTEC, SMH-106-02-L-D-05
4 10 JP1-JP10 HEADER, 3 PINS, 2mm SAMTEC, TMM-103-02-L-S
5 1 JP11 HEADER, 4 PINS, 2mm SAMTEC, TMM-104-02-L-S
6 11 JP1-JP11 SHUNT 2MM SAMTEC, 2SN-BK-G

14
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
Figure 17. DC2048A Demo Circuit Schematic
schematic Diagram
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D C C B B A A
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SELECTION
OUT1OUT2 OUT0 VOUT
0 00 001
1 11
0
0 0
00 0
0
1 11
11
1 11
1.8V 2.5V 2.8V 3.0V 3.3V 3.6V 4.5V 5.0V
LDO VOLTAGE SELECTION
LDO1LDO2 LDO 0 LDO_OUT
00 0 00 1
1 11
0
0 0
00 0
0
1 11
11
11 1
1.2V 1.5V 1.8V 2.0V 2.5V 3.0V 3.3V
= LDO_IN
ILM SELECTION INSTALL
IPK1IPK2 IPK0 ILIM
R3 R5 R7 R3 R5 R6
R4 R4 R6
R7
R3 R3
R5 R7 R5
R7
R2 R2 R6
R4
R2 R2 R4 R6
5mA 10mA 15mA 25mA 50mA
100mA
150mA 250mA
UVLO SELECTION
UV1UV2 UV0 UVLO
RISING
000 001
1 11
00
0
00 0
0
1
11
11
111
4V 5V 6V 7V 8V 8V 10V 10V
000 001
1 11
00
0
00 0
0
1 11
11
111
12V 12V 14V 14V 16V 16V 18V 18V
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
UV3
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
11V
5V
13V
5V 15V 5V
17V
5V
UVLO FALLING
3V 4V 5V 6V 7V 5V 9V 5V
3V - 19V
1.8V-5.5V
1.8V - 5.0V 50mA
1.2V - LDO_IN 50mA
1.8V - 5.0V
DNP DNP
OPT
3. INSTALL SHUNTS ON JUMPERS AS SHOWN. 2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN MICROFARADS, 0402, 10%, 10V. 1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS, 0402, 1%, 1/16W. NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
* *
*
CAUTION: 50mA MAX
OPT OPT
OPT
OPT
DNP
3
DEMO CIRCUIT 2048A
12
NANOPOWER BUCK - BOOST DC / DC
N/A
LTC3330EUH
NC
JD
7 - 29 - 13
WITH ENERGY HARVESTING BATTERY LIFE EXTENDER
SIZE DATE:
IC NO. REV.
SHEET OF
TITLE:
APPROVALS
PCB DES.
APP ENG.
TECHNOLOGY
Fax: [phone] Milpitas, CA 95035 Phone: [phone] McCarthy Blvd. LTC Confidential-For Customer Use Only
CUSTOMER NOTICE
LINEAR TECHNOLOGY HAS MADE A BEST EFFORT TO DESIGN A CIRCUIT THAT MEETS CUSTOMER-SUPPLIED SPECIFICATIONS; HOWEVER, IT REMAINS THE CUSTOMER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO VERIFY PROPER AND RELIABLE OPERATION IN THE ACTUAL APPLICATION. COMPONENT SUBSTITUTION AND PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT MAY SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT CIRCUIT PERFORMANCE OR RELIABILITY. CONTACT LINEAR TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS ENGINEERING FOR ASSISTANCE. THIS CIRCUIT IS PROPRIETARY TO LINEAR TECHNOLOGY AND
SCHEMATIC
SUPPLIED FOR USE WITH LINEAR TECHNOLOGY PARTS.
SCALE = NONE
www.linear.com
JDPRODUCTION FAB-37 - 29 - 13
REVISION HISTORY DESCRIPTION DATEAPPROVEDECO REV
VIN2 VIN3
EH_ON
VIN3
VOUT
LDO_IN
LDO_IN
PGVOUT
PGLDO
VIN3
VIN2
BAT
LDO_EN
LDO_IN
PGLDO
PGVOUT
EH_ON
LDO_EN
VOUT
BAT
C9
0.1uF
10V
C4 22uF 1210 25V
R10 10M
0603
5%
JP1
UV3
0 1
E4
GND
E7
LDO_EN
R3
E5
BAT
E17
LDO_IN
E15
BAL
C2
150uF 1210 6.3V
E11
PGVOUT
E3
VIN
E14
LDO_OUT
JP11
EN
EXT
OFF
LDO_EN
E1
AC1
JP4
UV0
0 1
R4
0
JP5
OUT2
0 1
C11 10uF
6.3V
0805
E10
PGLDO
R20
C10
0.1uF
10V
E19
VOUT
C6 1uF
6.3V
C8 22uF
1206 6.3V
E16
SCAP
R5
JP10
LDO0
0 1
+
I
BTH1
SMTU2032-LF
12
E13
GND
BAL
C1
90mF
HZ202F
20mm x 15mm
5.5V
+
21
3
JP9
LDO1
0 1R6
0
E18 GND
JP8
LDO2
0 1
E12
GND
E8
GND
R7
U1
LTC3330EUH
1
2
3
4 5 6 7
8 9
10 11
12 13 14 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25 26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
BAL
SCAP
VIN2
UV3 UV2 UV1 UV0
AC1 AC2 VIN CAP
SW
VOUT
SWB SWA
BAT
IPK0
IPK1
IPK2
LDO_OUT
LDO_IN
LDO2
LDO1
LDO0
LDO_EN VIN3
PGLDO
PGVOUT
EH_ON
OUT0
OUT1
OUT2
GND
L1
22uH
JP7
OUT0
0 1
R1
1K
C7
22uF
1206
6.3V
C5 4.7uF
0603 6.3V
E2
AC2
R8
7.5k
JP3
UV1
0 1
R9
7.5k
JP6
OUT1
0 1
E9
EH_ON
L2
22uH
C3 1uF
6.3V
BAL
+
-
C12 OPT DMF3R5R5L334M3DTA0 21mm x 14mm 330mF 5.5V
13
2
E6
GND
+
I
BTH2
SMTU2477N-LF
12
JP2
UV2
0 1

15
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representa-
tion that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
schematic Diagram
Figure 18. DC2048A Demo Circuit Schematic
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D C C B B A A
OVERVOLTAGE TOLERANT BUFFERS TRANSLATE THE HIGH PULL-UP VOLTAGES FROM THE LTC3330 TO THE VOUT VOLTAGE DRIVING THE PROCESSOR I/O BUS, WHICH IS VOUT.
LDO_EN LOGIC IS POWERED BY VOUT
(NO BUFFER IS NEEDED)
U2, U3, U4 FUNCTION TABLE
III Y
LL
L
HHLL
L
0212
210
Y= ( I ) ( I ) + ( I ) ( I )
..
3
DEMO CIRCUIT 2048A
22
NANOPOWER BUCK - BOOST DC / DC
N/A
LTC3330EUH
NC
JD
7 - 29 - 13
WITH ENERGY HARVESTING BATTERY LIFE EXTENDER
SIZE DATE:
IC NO. REV.
SHEET OF
TITLE:
APPROVALS
PCB DES.
APP ENG.
TECHNOLOGY
Fax: [phone] Milpitas, CA 95035 Phone: [phone] McCarthy Blvd. LTC Confidential-For Customer Use Only
CUSTOMER NOTICE
LINEAR TECHNOLOGY HAS MADE A BEST EFFORT TO DESIGN A CIRCUIT THAT MEETS CUSTOMER-SUPPLIED SPECIFICATIONS; HOWEVER, IT REMAINS THE CUSTOMER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO VERIFY PROPER AND RELIABLE OPERATION IN THE ACTUAL APPLICATION. COMPONENT SUBSTITUTION AND PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT MAY SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT CIRCUIT PERFORMANCE OR RELIABILITY. CONTACT LINEAR TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS ENGINEERING FOR ASSISTANCE. THIS CIRCUIT IS PROPRIETARY TO LINEAR TECHNOLOGY AND
SCHEMATIC
SUPPLIED FOR USE WITH LINEAR TECHNOLOGY PARTS.
SCALE = NONE
www.linear.com
VOUT
BAT
VOUT VOUT
VOUT
EH_ON PGLDO
LDO_EN
PGVOUT
PGVOUT
EH_ON
LDO_EN
PGLDO
VOUT
BAT
U2 NC7SZ58P6X
1
2
3
4
5
6I1
GND
I0
Y
VCC
I2
U4
NC7SZ58P6X
1
2
3
4
5
6I1
GND
I0
Y
VCC
I2
J1
DUST HEADER 2X6
SMH-106-02-L-D-05
12 34 56 78 910 1112
VSUPPLYNC
GNDPGOOD
KEYVBAT
RSVDEHORBAT
I/O 2I/O 1
+5VV+
U3
NC7SZ58P6X
1
2
3
4
5
6I1
GND
I0
Y
VCC
I2

16
dc2048afb
DEMO MANUAL DC2048A
Linear Technology Corporation
1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
[phone] ●FAX: [phone] ●www.linear.com
 LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2014
LT 0315 REV B • PRINTED IN USA
DEMONSTRATION BOARD IMPORTANT NOTICE
Linear Technology Corporation (LT C ) provides the enclosed product(s) under the following AS IS conditions:
This demonstration board (DEMO BOARD) kit being sold or provided by Linear Technology is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT
OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not provided by LT C for commercial use. As such, the DEMO BOARD herein may not be complete
in terms of required design-, marketing-, and/or manufacturing-related protective considerations, including but not limited to product safety
measures typically found in finished commercial goods. As a prototype, this product does not fall within the scope of the European Union
directive on electromagnetic compatibility and therefore may or may not meet the technical requirements of the directive, or other regulations.
If this evaluation kit does not meet the specifications recited in the DEMO BOARD manual the kit may be returned within 30 days from the date
of delivery for a full refund. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY THE SELLER TO BUYER AND IS IN LIEU
OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THIS INDEMNITY, NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER FOR
ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.
The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods. Further, the user releases LT C from all claims
arising from the handling or use of the goods. Due to the open construction of the product, it is the user’s responsibility to take any and all
appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge. Also be aware that the products herein may not be regulatory compliant or
agency certified (FCC, UL, CE, etc.).
No License is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property whatsoever. LT C assumes no liability for applications assistance,
customer product design, software performance, or infringement of patents or any other intellectual property rights of any kind.
LT C currently services a variety of customers for products around the world, and therefore this transaction is not exclusive.
Please read the DEMO BOARD manual prior to handling the product. Persons handling this product must have electronics training and
observe good laboratory practice standards. Common sense is encouraged.
This notice contains important safety information about temperatures and voltages. For further safety concerns, please contact a LT C applica-
tion engineer.
Mailing Address:
Linear Technology
1630 McCarthy Blvd.
Milpitas, CA 95035
Copyright © 2004, Linear Technology Corporation

Mouser Electronics
Authorized Distributor
Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information:
Analog Devices Inc.:
DC2048A