Lite Machines LMH 100 Instructions for use

Acknowledgments
We thank all of those people who helped make Lite Machines Corporation and the
Model 110™ helicopter possible, including our good friend Paul Klusman. The Model
110 Construction Manual and Operator’s Guide were developed and computer
illustrated by Paul Klusman: engineer, test pilot and helicopter guru. We especially
thank Mom and Dad - without their help and constant encouragement we could not
have done this.
David and Paul Arlton
Lite Machines Corporation
Purdue Research Park
1291 Cumberland Avenue
West Lafayette, IN 47906
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
USA
PATENT
NOTICE
Most aspects of the Lite Machines Model 110 helicopter including, but not limited to,
the main rotor, main rotor blades, tail rotor, tail rotor blades, Arlton Subrotor™
stabilizer, Arlton Gyro™ stabilizer, swashplate, fuselage structure and configuration,
radio installation configuration, landing gear, and drive train are either patented (U.S.
5305968, 5597138, 5609312, 5628620, 5749540, 5836545, 5879131, 5906476;
Australia 681287, 686883; Europe 95918276.7-2312, 95932305.6-2312,
96928019.7; France 0605656; Germany 69221307.4; U.K. 0605656), patent
pending or patent applied-for in the United States and in other counties. For
information concerning patents and licensing, please contact Lite Machines
Corporation.
© Copyright Lite Machines Corporation, 1994-1999. All rights reserved.
Revision VP8.2 0699
Construction Manual Acknowledgments
LITE MACHINES

Table of Contents
Introduction
Introduction 1-1
Consumer Warranty.............1-2
Model Helicopter Safety
Model Helicopter
Safety 2-1
Fuel Safety .................2-1
Flight Safety.................2-2
General Safety ...............2-3
Requirements
Requirements 3-1
Radio ....................3-1
Engine and Fuel...............3-1
Field Equipment...............3-2
Building Supplies ..............3-2
General Building Guidelines
General Building
Guidelines 4-1
Friction and Binding .............4-1
Balance of Rotating Assemblies ......4-2
Fastener Identification ...........4-2
Crutch
Crutch 5-1
Canopy
Canopy 6-1
Main Rotor
Main Rotor 7-1
Swashplate
Swashplate 8-1
LITE MACHINES
Construction Manual Table of Contents

Arlton Gyro Stabilizer
Arlton Gyro
Stabilizer 9-1
Tail Boom
Tail Boom 10-1
Engine
Engine 11-1
Final Assembly
Final Assembly 12-1
Radio Installation
Radio Installation 13-1
Pushrods and Radio Adjustment
Pushrods and Radio
Adjustment 14-1
Final Check
Final Check 15-1
Construction Manual Table of Contents
LITE MACHINES

Introduction
The Lite Machines Model 110ähelicopter is the first mass-produced radio controlled
micro helicopter in the world. It is intended as an introductory helicopter for those
modelers intrigued by helicopters and helicopter flight, but unable to justify the
significant investment in time and money required for traditional helicopter models.
The Model 110 can withstand tip-overs and minor crashes with little or no damage.
Many flight skills such as basic hovering, nose-in hovering, low speed maneuvering,
forward and backward flight, and pirouettes can be mastered without busting the
family budget with a larger, more complex machine.
The Model 110 utilizes advanced aerodynamics that enable it to fly on 1/10th of a
horsepower which is roughly the power consumed by a 75 watt light bulb. In comparison,
.30 to .60 size model helicopters use one to two horsepower (10 to 20 times more).
The fixed-pitch main rotor of the Model 110 helicopter combines Subrotorä
technology and free-flapping, foldable rotor blades in a rugged, high lift rotor system
with fewer than half the number of parts found in collective-pitch helicopters. Main
rotor lift is controlled by changing the rotational speed of the main rotor rather than
varying the pitch of the individual rotor blades (such as with “collective-pitch” type
main rotor systems). Fixed-pitch main rotors are substantially simpler than
collective-pitch systems and are ideal for beginners. Collective-pitch main rotors
allow for advanced aerobatics and engine-off autorotation maneuvers that are
typically flown by more experienced pilots.
The tail rotor mechanism of the Model 110 helicopter incorporates a light-weight
Arlton Gyroästabilizer which eliminates the need for an expensive electronic gyro
and extra capacity receiver batteries. The unique central keel fuselage structure is
simple, strong and easy to assemble and repair-afarcryfromthefragile
construction of many electric helicopters.
Designed on modern computer-aided design (CAD) systems and computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) systems, the structure of the Model 110 helicopter
incorporates eight types of engineering plastics, four aluminum alloys, several high
strength steels, aircraft plywood and multiple protective surface coatings.
Although beginners can successfully build and fly their Model 110, the process can
be made significantly easier with the help of an experienced modeler and instructor
pilot. Lite Machines recommends that all beginners join the Academy of Model
Aeronautics (AMA). The AMA is a non-profit organization that provides services for
modelers. The AMA can help you locate a model aircraft club in your area with an
instructor pilot (you can also check with your local hobby shop). Membership benefits
include a monthly magazine and liability insurance. Many flying clubs require an AMA
modeler’s license to operate a model on their flying field. For information on the AMA
call [phone], or write to:
Academy of Model Aeronautics
5151 East Memorial Drive
Muncie, IN 47302
Construction Manual Introduction
LITE MACHINES 1-1

Consumer Warranty
IMPORTANT! Before building this Model 110 helicopter kit, read and fully
understand the following warranty, and review the entire Construction Manual and
Operator’s Guide. By building and/or flying this helicopter you indicate your
acceptance of the following warranty terms and conditions, and further agree to build
and operate this helicopter in a safe and responsible manner.
If you find any term or condition of the warranty unacceptable, or if you feel that this
helicopter is just not suited to you, you may return it to your place of purchase in NEW
and UNUSED condition within thirty (30) days of the date of purchase for a refund of
the purchase price less shipping and handling. Partially assembled kits, and kits with
opened parts packs or missing parts cannot be returned for a refund. Items such as
radios, engines and accessories are warranted separately by their respective
manufacturers and are not warranted by Lite Machines.
Warranty:
1. Lite Machines Corporation warrants to the first consumer Purchaser that the
Model 110 helicopter substantially conforms to its published description when
used as intended as a hobby product, and will be free from defects in materials
and workmanship for a period of 90 days after the date of purchase. Lite
Machines will repair or replace (at its option) any defective part, and supply any
missing part at no charge to the Purchaser within this period. Lite Machines
makes no other warranty, express or implied. This warranty does not apply to
parts damaged by improper assembly, modification, abnormal service or
handling, or crashes.
2. To take advantage of this warranty the Purchaser must provide proof of
purchase, receive a return authorization (RA) number from Lite Machines, and
ship any defective part (at Purchaser’s expense) to Lite Machines for repair or
replacement. Shipments of warranted parts back to Purchaser will be made by
common carrier standard service. Over-night, expedited or priority service
requested by Purchaser will be at Purchaser’s expense.
3. It is the responsibility of the Purchaser to properly assemble, maintain, and
operate this helicopter in accordance with manufacture’s instructions, AMA
(Academy of Model Aeronautics) safety codes, local laws and ordinances, and
COMMON SENSE. It is also the responsibility of the Purchaser to ALWAYS
WEAR APPROPRIATE EYE AND HEARING PROTECTION when operating
this helicopter, and never to operate this helicopter in any way which might
endanger persons or property including the Purchaser. The Purchaser is advised
to carry appropriate liability insurance such as that commonly provided to
modelers by the Academy of Model Aeronautics.
4. THIS WARRANTY SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDES THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. The
selection of this helicopter for a particular application or use (beyond
hobby/entertainment) is the sole responsibility of the Purchaser. Any advice
supplied by any representative of Lite Machines pertaining to any particular
application is given freely as an opinion and is not meant to bind Lite Machines or
in any other way modify this warranty. Since Lite Machines has no control over
Construction Manual Introduction
1-2 LITE MACHINES

the assembly or use of this product, and since operation of a helicopter is
affected by various conditions such as engine power, local elevation and air
temperature, Lite Machines cannot guarantee specific performance figures.
5. Notwithstanding the paragraph above, this warranty is in addition to whatever
implied warranties may be granted to the Purchaser by law. To the extent
permitted by law, all implied warranties, including the warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are limited to a period of one
(1) year from the date of purchase. Some states do not allow limitations on how
long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply.
6. This warranty shall be the sole and exclusive remedy available to the Purchaser.
Correction of defects, in the manner and for the period of time specified above,
shall constitute complete fulfillment of all liabilities and responsibilities of Lite
Machines to the Purchaser, and shall constitute full satisfaction of all claims,
whether based on contract, negligence, strict liability or otherwise. Lite Machines
shall not be liable for any costs or expenses incurred in the replacement of any
defective or non-conforming parts, and IN NO EVENT SHALL LITE MACHINES
BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY
DAMAGES DUE TO THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT. Lite
Machines shall not be liable, or in any way responsible, for any damages related
to modifications, repairs, attempted repairs, or crashes. IN NO EVENT SHALL
LITE MACHINES’ OBLIGATIONS TO THE PURCHASER EXCEED THE
ORIGINAL PURCHASE PRICE PAID BY THE PURCHASER TO LITE
MACHINES.
7. Some states do not allow exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so
the above exclusion may not apply. This warranty gives the Purchaser specific
legal rights. The Purchaser may also have other rights which vary from state to
state.
8. This warranty shall be governed by the laws of the State of Indiana, USA, and any
action related to this warranty shall be brought within the jurisdiction and
boundaries of the state of Indiana, county of Tippecanoe.
9. No modification or amendment to this warranty will be effective unless reduced to
writing and signed by an authorized representative of Lite Machines Corporation.
If you do not understand any aspect of this warranty you may contact Lite Machines
for clarification. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH ANY ASPECT OF THIS
WARRANTY, RETURN YOUR UNASSEMBLED HELICOPTER TO YOUR PLACE
OF PURCHASE FOR A REFUND.
Lite Machines believes that information contained within its published materials is
accurate as of the date of publication and is not responsible for inadvertent errors or
omissions. Lite Machines reserves the right to make changes and improvements in
its products without notice.
Construction Manual Introduction
LITE MACHINES 1-3

Model Helicopter Safety
This section contains important safety information regarding proper handling of
model-engine fuel and operation of the Lite Machines Model 110 helicopter.
Fuel Safety
1. Use ONLY commercial fuel developed for model engine use. NEVER USE
GASOLINE, DIESEL, OR ANY OTHER FUEL! These fuels will ruin model
engines, and can explode and burn causing injury to YOU and OTHERS.
2. DO NOT OPERATE MODEL ENGINES INDOORS! Hot engine parts and
exhaust could ignite carpeting, drapery or furniture. Engine exhaust also
contains large amounts of unburned oil that will soil interior furnishings.
3. Never fuel or prime with the glow-plug battery connected to the engine. Sparks
from the electrical connection could start a fuel fire.
4. Never fuel, prime, or operate your model while smoking.
5. Store fuel in a cool dry place protected from sunlight and from potential ignition
sources (anything burning, or anything that could start a fire if exposed to fuel
such as shorting or sparking battery terminals or the furnace in your home).
6. Remove excess fuel from your model with a cloth after refueling or priming. Raw
fuel can damage paint and is a potential fire source.
7. Do not store fuel in your model.
8. Fuel is poisonous and can cause death or blindness if swallowed. If swallowed,
induce vomiting and call for medical assistance immediately.
9. Fuel is an eye irritant. In case of contact with eyes, flush thoroughly with water.
10. Raw fuel will damage certain types of plastic. Prescription plastic lenses and the
clear plastic commonly used on radio transmitter meters will be damaged if
exposed to raw fuel (such as droplets sprayed from the engine during starting).
Wipe off immediately using spray window cleaner.
IF FIRE SHOULD OCCUR:
1. Model fuel burns with a nearly INVISIBLE FLAME, BE VERY CAREFUL!
2. Use a fire extinguisher, or smother fire with a CLEAN, heavy cloth. If fire persists,
GET AWAY! Better to lose the model than risk severe burns.
Construction Manual Model Helicopter Safety
LITE MACHINES 2-1

Flight Safety
1. ALWAYS WEAR APPROPRIATE EYE PROTECTION WHEN OPERATING
YOUR MODEL. Fuel droplets, loose parts, and airborne debris ejected from your
model could cause serious injury or blindness. Select comfortable, well-fitting
eye wear with high-impact resistance such as shop glasses. Prescription
glasses made of glass are dangerous because they could shatter if struck
sharply.
2. ALWAYS WEAR APPROPRIATE HEARING PROTECTION WHEN
OPERATING YOUR ENGINE. Many car, airplane and helicopter modelers
ignore the sound produced by the engines on their models. High volumes and
high frequencies produced by model engines can damage hearing. This damage
can be cumulative. Ear-phone and ear-plug style hearing protectors (sold in
sporting goods stores in the gun section) are inexpensive and effective at
reducing the most damaging and annoying qualities of engine sound. Once your
model is started and flying, hearing protection is usually not necessary.
3. NEVER STAND OR PLACE YOUR EYES OR FACE IN-LINE WITH ROTATING
MAIN ROTOR OR TAIL ROTOR BLADES. Loose parts or debris thrown outward
from rotating rotors could cause injury or blindness.
4. NEVER, EVER FLY NEAR OR OVER PEOPLE. Always keep your model at a
safe distance from yourself and spectators.
5. Use only those model engines designed specifically for the Model 110 helicopter.
Use of more powerful engines (such as racing engines) is potentially dangerous
and will void all warranties.
6. Do not use fuel containing more than 35% nitromethane. The added power and
heat of high nitro fuels can damage both the engine and your model.
7. Never allow main rotor speed to exceed 2000 RPM (as by operating with blade
pitch set too low, or using a high powered engine with high nitro fuel). Rotor parts
could separate from the rotor head and cause serious injury or property damage.
Very high speeds can also damage the engine.
8. Fly only at approved flying fields or in open areas away from people and property.
Do not fly in residential areas.
9. Before turning on your radio, ensure that your radio frequency is not already in
use. Flying clubs have organized frequency sharing procedures.
10. Range check your radio prior to the first flight of each day. If your range check is
lower than normal, do not fly.
11. Prior to the first flight of each day, check all mechanics for smooth, unobstructed
operation. Before the main rotors reach flying speed, gently move all flight
controls and confirm proper function. Do not fly if anything is out of the ordinary.
12. Check for hidden damage after crashing, and replace any damaged
components.
13. Beginners should have the main rotors tracked, and model adjusted for flight by
an experienced modeler.
Construction Manual Model Helicopter Safety
2-2 LITE MACHINES

General Safety
1. Periodically check tightness off all bolts, nuts, set screws and pins. Loose parts
could be ejected from your model causing injury, or causing the model to crash.
2. Replace broken or worn components with original parts only. It is important to
locate and understand the cause of failure (including pilot error) to prevent
recurring problems.
3. Never modify any part of the main rotor or tail rotor systems or drive train.
Modifications could lead to part failure.
4. Always replace the main and tail rotor blades in sets if damaged.
5. Do not store your model in direct sunlight. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
can weaken some types of plastics.
6. When flying in very cold conditions be aware that metals and plastics (even
flexible ones) can become brittle and break or shatter.
7. Keep your model, radio and field equipment clean and in good repair. While
cleaning and maintaining your model you can often find and fix potential
problems before they occur (such as loose or damaged parts).
Construction Manual Model Helicopter Safety
LITE MACHINES 2-3

Requirements
This section lists the equipment, tools and materials needed to assemble and
operate the Lite Machines Model 110™ helicopter. Note that a specialized helicopter
radio and electronic gyro are not required. Although helicopter radios may be used,
they are usually more expensive than airplane radios and do not appreciably improve
the flying qualities of the Model 110 helicopter.
Federal law requires that radio controlled model aircraft use specific radio
frequencies. Check with your hobby dealer or local club to find a radio frequency
within the appropriate band that is not popular with other fliers in your area (since two
aircraft cannot fly on the same frequency simultaneously), and is not subject to local
interference (some phone pagers may cause interference).
Radio
1. Standard four (4) channel airplane-style transmitter (Hitec Focus 4H Micro,
Futaba Attack, Airtronics Vanguard,JRF400 etc.. Most radio manufacturers
normally supply servo mounting hardware and extra servo control arms.)
2. Four (4) MICRO servos (Hitec HS-80/HS-81, Futaba 3101, Airtronics 94501,JR
341, etc.)
3. 250 mAh to 600 mAh battery pack, flat style
4. 2-piece Dean’s antenna (This short whip-style antenna replaces the long wire
antenna on the radio receiver. Long antennas used on airplanes get tangled in
the rotor blades of the Model 110 helicopter.)
5. Servo mounting hardware (if not supplied by radio manufacturer)
6. 3" x 6" x 1/4" latex foam rubber sheet (to protect the receiver from vibration and
minimize crash damage)
7. Two small plastic bags (to protect the receiver and battery from dirt and oil)
8. Newspaper rubber bands (to secure radio battery and receiver)
Engine and Fuel
1. Norvel Vmax-6 helicopter engine (The Vmax-6 has special cylinder porting and a
carburetor venturi sized for easier starting. Do not use super-revving racing
engines such as the Norvel AME. Racing engines are too powerful and run too
fast for the Model 110 helicopter, and can dangerously over-drive the rotor
system. The Model 110 helicopter is not warranted for use with any engines
except for the Norvel Vmax-6).
2. Lite Machines SpiraLite Speed™ or Norvel Freedom XL glowplug
Construction Manual Requirements
LITE MACHINES 3-1