Lowrance LMS-10 Loran-C User manual
75
WARNING!
THISLORANSHOULD BEUSED ONLYASAN AID
TO NAVIGATION. ACAREFULNAVIGATOR
SHOULDNEVER RELYON ONLYONE METHOD
TO OBTAINPOSITION INFORMATION.
NOTICE:
MAKECERTAINTHELORANIS DISPLAYING THE
CORRECTPOSITION IN LATITUDE/LONGITUDE
BEFORENAVIGATING WITHTHIS PRODUCT. THE
POSITION MUST BECORRECT FOR THE NAVIGA-
TIONFEATURES INTHIS UNITTO WORK
PROPERLY.
170°
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
LORAN-Genera] 1
ACCURACY 1
HOWLORAN-C WORKS 1
INSTALLATION -DpIay
Unil 3
INSTALLATION -
LC-1 Loran-C Module 4
POWER CONNECTIONS
LORAN OPERA11ON- INITIALIZATION
SELECT CR1 7
ENTERING INITIAL POSITION -
LAT/LONG 8
CYCLE ERRORS AND SNR
AUTOMATICANDMANUAL MODES ID
MANUAL STATION SELECTION 12
Viewing
Stations inUse 12
Viewing
Reornerided Stations 12
Selecting Stations 13
PRIMARYANDALTERNATESOLUTICNS 14
DISPLAY -
Overview 15
TD/LL 16
HEADING (HDG) 17
TIMETOGO (TIC) 17
DISTANCET000(DTG) 18
SPEED OVERGROUND 18
VELOCITY MADE GOOD 19
TRUE/MAGNETIC BEARING 19
CROSS TRACK ERROR (X1E) 20
CROSSTRACKERRORPERARROW 21
SIGNALTONOISE RATIO (SNR) 21
FixDUALITY 22
I-IOWTOSAVEAWAYPOINT 22
Saving
CurrentPosition (Quick
Save
Feature) 22
EnterNew
Waypoint -LatitudelLongitude 23
EnterNew
Waypoinl
-
TDs 25
ERASING AWAYPDINT 28
WAYPOINTRECALL 27
WAYPDINTCOUNTEROFFSET 28
GOTOWAYPOINT 28
VIEWDESTINATION WAYPDINT 29
VIEWSTARTING WAYPOINT 29
ROUTES 29
Creating aRoute 29
Following aRowe 31
Can00lling aRoute 31
Eraaing aRoute 31
ALARMS 31
AnochorAlarrn 32
Arrival
Alarni 32
ASFCORRECTION
NMEAOUTPUT 35
24HOURCLDCK-TIMER 36
LIGHTS 36
CLEAR LOWERDISPLAY 37
Fl andF2 38
RESTARTLDRAN 39
SeledNewORI 39
EnterNewInitial Poaition 40
RESET 41
VIEWING T.D.SINUSE 42
MAGNETIC VARIATION 42
VERSION NUMBER 42
STAT 42
SIMULATOR 43
HOWTO OBTAIN SERVICE 43
COMMAND LIST 44
KEYBOARD 2ndFUNCTION LIST 45
FACTORY DEFAULTS 45
NORTH PACIFIC LORAN-C CHAIN GR19990
REGONALMANAGERCOMMANDER. PACIFIC MREA.
ALAMEDA.CA
CHAIN MANAGER:CDMMANDER. 17THCDASTGUARD DISTRICT. JUNEAU, AK
COORDINATOR OFCHAIN
OPERATIONS LOCATION:
LORMONSTAKODIAK. AK
CONTROL SITE:LORMDNSTA KODIAK, AK
D53IG. STATIIY4 COOn. COSU.
luuI XMTTrER PWR
1KW)
TRANOENT
ANTENNA 604
ECD NOTES
MASTER StPALL
AK 670912301
170l000.eW ANTFFN.42 325 625FT
MOIOPOI.E 0.0
XRAY ATru
AK 624944.ON
1731040.0! 11000/
3a7L25 ANTFPW-42 320 62SF]
601OLE 0.0
YANKEE PORT
CLARENCE
AK
0t14403N 2t000/
1605312.6W 3058,05 MVFR4-42 10 1350Ft
601tW0L5 .0,6
ZULU NR0W
CAPEAK 57262029) 43000/
162=113W 3600.45 AN/FPN44A 400 626FT
0fl4oPCt0 0.0 OUALRA1EW/OHI7000
74
Copyright
© 1989, LowranceElectronics,
Inc.
Allrightsreserved.
Allfeaturesandspecifications subject
tochange withoutnotice.
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LORAN-GENERAL
Theword"LORAN"isshort
forLOng RAngeNavigation. It'sanaviga-
lionsystem
thatuses
powerful low
frequency(100kHz)radiotransmit-
tersandsensitivereceivers. Withthis
system,youcan determine your
position
overlongdistances.
Loranwasdeveloped and used
during
WorldWarII. Atthattimeit
was
calledLoran-Aand
operated atahigherfrequency. Research and
development continued
during
thefifties. Thecurrent
version,
Loran-
C,was introduced inthesixties. Itworksoverlonger
distancesthan
Loran-Aandit'seasiertouse.
ICELANDIC LORAM.C CHAINGRI9980
REGIONAL MANAGER.COMMANDERCOASTGUARDACTIVITIES EUROPE,LONDON, UK
CHAIN MANAGERCOMMANDERCOASTGUARO ACTIVITIES EUROPE.LONDON, UK
COORDINATOR OFCHAIN OPERATIONSLOCATIONLORMONSTA KEFLAVLK. ICELAND
CONTROLSITE;LORMONSTAKEFLAVIK ICELAND
D55. &ATJa1 C(R. CDULS.
Iv,) (MITtEn PWR
1KW) TRMSSMff
ANTB4MA N62I
LCD NOISE
56867EA SN4DUA
ICELAND 6454 26.64
5521,5W AWFFSJ.45 '500 I350FT
Ma40Pa6 0,0
W24EKEY ANGIS000
OAES4LAND 5959I7N
451627.5W 11055!-
4068.62 NQFFW4S
5flIOLE 765 625FT +1.0 DUALRATEW?09l7920
XAAY EJDE.FAEAOE
IS..OESWFK 621755.64
070426,5W 35555!
2814$4 NWFPN-44
MIY4C9OLE 325 625FT 0.0 DUALRATEOWI757O
ACCURACY
Theabsolute
accuracy
ofLoranisbetween 0.1 and0.25nautical
miles, depending onyour
location. Repealableaccuracy(yourability
toreturntothesame
spot) is100 feet orbetter. Thedifference
between thetwotypes
ofaccuracy isimportant. Absolute
accuracy
tells
youwhere youareonthemap. Repeatable accuracy
lets youfind
yourwaybacktothesame place
timeaftertime.
However,
theaccuracyyou experience maynotbeasgoodasthe
numbersabove suggest. Thecrossing angleofthelines ofposition
affectstheaccuracy. Thesharper the
crossingangle,themore
chanceforposition error. A
ninetydegreecrossingangleisbest,butit
canbeaslowasthirtydegrees withoutalarge position
error.
Ifyouwishtodoublecheck
yourLoran, firstpicka
spotonthechart
thatis
clearlymarkedwith latitude/longitude marks. Thengotoit.
Once
youarrive, lettheLoran settle, thencompare theposition
informationontheLMS-10tothechart. Itshould beveryclose.
HOWLORAN-CWORKS
TheLoransystem
consistsofthreetofivetransmitterstations.These
are calleda"chain." Theletter"M"
designates
themaster station
insidethechain. Theotherstations in
thechainarethesecondaries.
Theirnames areW,X,Y,and
Z,although
notallchains havefour
secondary
stations. Thesecondarytransmitters aresynchronized with
themasterwhichtransmits atprecisetime intervals. Thistime interval
iscalledthe
GroupRepetition Interval orGRI. Eachchainhasa
differentGIRl.
72 1
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Thesecondary
stations transmitatprecise
timeintervalsafterthe
masterstationtransmits. Since thesetransmitters arelocated hun-
dredsofmilesapart, ittakesadifferenttimeforthe
signalsfromeach
transmitter
toreach you. TheLoran receivermeasuresthistime
differencebetween themasterand twoofthe
secondaries,theLMS-
10automatically
choosesthebestmaster-secondary pairsforyour
location. The
timedifference or(TO) ismeasured inmicro-seconds.
Plotting
the
TOonachartwithLoran-C linesresults
withyourposition
somewhereonalineofposition (LOP). Alineof
positionisanimagi-
nary
lineonwhichthetimedelay
between themasterandoneofthe
secondaries isthesame. Inthisexample theboatislocatedsome-
whereonthe14605.2 LOP.
TheLoran receiverthen measuresthetimedifferencebetween the
masterandanother
secondary. Inthisexample
it's31882.8. If
you
plotthisLOPonachart, you'll notice
thatitcrossesthefirstline-of-
position. Yourposition
isattheintersectionofthetwolines.
2 71
LORAN-C
NORTHWEST PACIFIC CHAIN
GRI 9970
0
Asprnlwdn
LS,toft.nr.p
—13$flrid
S)MFis
£ncy(P5% 2flMS(.
Pa...44d1
I II IWOJIMA
W MARCUS IS.
X HOXXAIDO
— ., t GESASHI
1 2 3ARAGADA
—. —-_ __..._.___.___ 'C.
C -.
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AllLoran-C receivers workonthisprinciple. Mostmodern receivers
also displaylatitudeflongitude. Thereceivertakes
theTD information
and, usingacomplex
mathematical formula, convertsittolatitudef
longitude position data. You candisplay
both TD'sandlatitude!
longitude ontheLMS-10todetermineyourposition.
It
youwishtoknowmoreabout Loran-C,ordertheUnited States
CoastGuard's book"Loran-C USER HANDBOOK." It'sanexcellent
bookthatdescribesLoran in
greater
detail.
Loran-CUser's Handbook
COMDTINST
Ml6562.3
Superintendent ofDocuments
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington,
D.C.20402
Code
#050-012-00171-5, 1980
NORThWESTPACIFICLORAN.CCHAIN CR19970
REGIONAL MANAGER COMMANDER. PACIFICAREA, ALMAEDA, CA.
CHAIN MANAGERCOMMANDER, 14THCOASTGUARD DISTRICT,I-IONOLULU, HI
COORDINATOR OFCHAIN OPERATIONS LOCA11ON. COMMANDER. FAREASTSECTION. YOKOTA,
JAPAN
CONTROL SITE
LORMONSTAYOKOTA, JAPAN
DES'S. &ATTa4 CDOR. COBIL
lusI XMITrER PWR
(XW} WNSMFr
ANTENLA N0l
EUD NOTEE
MASTER M0JI
JAPAN 244E03.E14
141193020 AWFFN-45 1815 1380FT
Magopa.E 0.0
WHEXEY IMRCUEISLAND
JAPAN 241707.914
1535853,2E 110801
4283.58 ANIFPR145 2150 1280FT
MWOPOLE 0.0
XMY HOKKAIOO
JAPAN 424437.111
1134309.25 38080!
8686.17 AN/FPW4S 800
500
G2SFT
Ma4OPOLE 0.8 DUALRATEW/0RI5970
YANKEE GESASHI
JAPAN 283825.011
1280886.45 58080/
448328 ANPPN'IS 828FT
Ma40LE 0.0 DUALRATEW10918970
ZULU BARRIGADA 1327E0.IN
444933.00 2528.84$
81080 7SOFT
Thereisasmall charge
forthebook.
INSTALLATION
-Display Unit
Mountthedisplay
unitinany
convenient location, provided
thereis
clearance whenit'stiltedforthebest
viewingangle. Holesinthe
bracket'sbaseallowwoodscreworthrough boltmounting. Place a
piece
ofplywood onthebackofthinpanels
tosecurethemounting
hardware Makecertain
thereisenough room behindtheunittoattach
the
powerandLoran module cables.
70 3
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Youcan routethecablesthrough a
three-quarter inch hole
in
the
mounting surface. First, bringtheLoran module'scable
up
through
the
hole, thenpassthe
power
cabledownit. Afterrouting
thecables,
fill
theholewithsiliconerubberadhesive (RN). Offsetthebracket to
coverthehole. Routethecables through theslotin thebracket.
INSTALLATION
-LC-1 Loran-CMODULE
Enclosed withyour
theLMS-1OisaLC-1 Loran-C module.Thiscon-
tainsthe
complete
loran receiver. When choosing amounting location
fortheLC-1,remember toinstallthe
LC-1 whereit'sclearofotheran-
tennas, wires,masts,
orother
obstructions. Ahighlocationispre-
ferred, however forlightningprotection, theantennashouldn'tbethe
highestpartoftheboat. Theantenna shouldbemounted vertically.
Makecertain itisasfaraway aspossible fromVHFradioantennas.
Improperperformance canalsooccuriftheantennaismounted too
closetometal
objects
suchastunatowers. Again,alocation
that
places theLoranassembly in theclearispreferable
toonethatis high
and
obstructed.
You must
purchase
aneight
footstainlesssteelorfiberglasswhip
antenna. Thethreadsare standard318"-24forthe
whip. A
ratchet
mountbaseismostcommonly used tomounttheLoran
totheboat.
Thebasemounting
threads are conventional 1"-14 machine thread
(NOTpipethread). Thisallowstheuseofstandardantenna
mounting
hardware.
Tighten
allhardware securely.
4 69
SLOT
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ThecablesuppliedwiththeLC-1 isthirtyfeet
long. Donot cutthe
cablelilt'stoo
tong. Instead,coil and storeitoutoftheway. An
extension cableisavailable itthecableistooshort. Askyour
dealeror
callyourlocalservicecenterortheLowrance Factory
Customer
Service department formoreinformation.
TheLC-1 canbeattachedtoaswivel bracket orhollow extension
mast, itdesired.
POWER CONNECTIONS
TheLMS-1
0worksfromatwelve-volt batterysystemonly. Youcan
attach thepower
cable
toanaccessory
orpowerbuss,however ifyou
haveproblems withelectrical interference, thenattachthepower
cable
directly
tothebattery. Ifthecableisnotlong enough, splice
#18 gauge
wire ontoit.
Thepowercablehasthreewires; red,white,andblack. Red isthe
positive lead, blackisnegative orground. Attachthein-linefuse
holdertotheredlead asclosetothepowersourceaspossible. For
example, ifyou have toextendthepower
cabletothebattery
or
powerbuss,
attach thefuseholdertothebattery
orpowerbuss. This
willprotectboth theunitand thepower
cableintheeventofashort.
Thewhitewire isforaNMEA interface. TheLMS-10sends
steering
dataforan autopilot through thiswire. Ifthewhitewireisnotused,
tape
theend sothatitcannot short.
NORTHEAST U.S. LORAN-CCHAIN GRI9960
REGIONALMANAGERCOMMANDER. ATLJTICAREA.
NEWYORK.
NY
CHAINMANAGER COMMANDER.ATLANTICAREA, NEWYORK, NY
COORDINATOR OFCHAIN OPERATIONSLOCATION:LORSTA SENECA, NY
CONTROLSITE:LORSTASENECA,NY
00210. STATIa4 COCA. CDEU.
(56) XMTTER PWR
(KWI IRAPffiMIT
ANTBNA POH
ECU NOIES
WASTER SENECA,
NY 424250.621
754933.9W MOIFFT'144 800
(56HC0SI 700FT'
-
MGIOFOLE 0.0 DUALRATE500915972
WHISKEY CARIBOU,
I.E 4648271
575537.7W Il0
2757.20 N4WP9442 360 SLT 0.0 DUAJ. BAlEW/OBE93O
XRAY NNJI1JCKET
MA 4115ThEI.
555835.1W 250
1502.93 MUFPR412 320 525FT 05
MG4OFOLE DUALRATEW/0RI5930
YAM(EE CARQJ(A
EECH,NC 340346.IN
775446.7W 39060!
3221.64 WFFI4A2 550 'TIP 0.0 DUALRATEW/ORI7SSO
ZLLU DANA*4 3551 (7.91 540
6729121W 3152.20 A9UFFS+44 460 625PT
M4OPQ.E '5.5 DUALRATEW!0R18570 To"P"
connector
SPUCEANDTAPE.
68
FUSE
HOLDER
TOAUTOPILOT'S NMEA INPUT
5
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Toconnectanautopilot totheLMS-1O,attach ashielded, twistedpair
cablefromtheautopilot's NMEA intputtothewhitewireontheNay-
Guide's power
cable. Soldertheground conductor
ofthetwistedpair
and theshield totheblackwireon
the
power
cable. Donot connect
theshield totheautopilot. See
yourautopilot's manual formore
wiringinstructions.
Oncethecableisconnected, theproper output
mustbeselected.
SeetheNMEA
Outputsectionformoreinformation.
LORANOPERATION
Initialization
TheLoran must beinitializedor"toldwhere itis"the
veryfirsttimeit's
used. Itthen retains ft'sposition inmemory eachtimepoweristurned
off. If
youdon'ttraveloverahundred milesfromthelast timeyou
usedtheLoran, youshouldn't
havetorepeatthis
step.
ToinitializetheLoran, firstpress
theONkey. You shouldseethe
message "initialcoupler",
thenthefollowing screenappears:
Youcaninitializetheloran either
byentering yourpresentposition
in
latitude/longitude coordinates, orbyentering theGRIforyourarea.
Press theTDI keytoselecttheinitial position, ortheTD2keytouse
theGRI. Operation instructionsforthe"SelectGRI" menu and "Select
Initial Position"areshown next.
LREOLORTD1
5 TD2
5Q0
40°
6 67
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SELECT
GRI
Usethismenuif
youdon't know yourposition
inlatitude/longitude
coordinates. Afteryoupressed
theTD2keyfromtheinitialization
menu,
thescreen belowshould appear. UsetheTD1 and
TD2
keys
to
stepthrough theGRI'suntilyou arrive atthedesired GRI. Pressthe
ENT
(enter)
keytoselect theGRI inthewindow.
U.S.WESTCOAST LORAN-CCHAINCR1DO40
REGIONAL MANAGERCOMMANDER.PACIFICAREA. ALAMEDA, CA
CHAIN MANAGERCOMMANDER. PACIFIC AREA.ALAMEDA.CA
COORDINATOROFCHAIN OPERATIONSLOCATION LDRSTA MIDDLETOWN, CA
CONTROL SITE: LCRSTA MIDDLETOWN,
CA
DESIS- SIATIaI ODOR- C040.L
los) 008T1E5 PINE
0KW) 111.445081
ANTEHNA NGl
ECD NOTES
MASTER FALOCH. WV 3033066W
1164956.4W MJIFPN44A 400 5
F
Ma4DPOLE +1.0
WHIGKEY 0EOR00 WA 470348.0W
1104439.6W 110001
270690 AI81Pt445 1600 50.T i-OS DUALRATEW(ORIS990
OMY MIDDLETOWN
CA- 3046570W
1332944.5W 270
1254.00 AMIFPO4-44A
Ma4OPOLE 400 030Fr +0.5
YANKEE SEARCHLIGHT
NV- 361910.2W
1144817.4W 400
1067.30 AW'Ffl14l 640 SIT 0.0 Remember, if
youhave a
problem, youcanalways presstheCLR
(clear) keytoexit fromanymenu.
AftertheENT keyispressed, amessage onthescreen appears
next:
LRNCE COUPLER
TheLMS-tDthenflashes numbers ontheLat/Long display. Theunit
isnotusableforposition information whileitflashestheLatitude/Longi-
tude. TheLMS-10isactually searching forthestations
in
the
chain
youselected. Once theLoran 'locks on"tothestationsand computes
yourposition, itwillstopflashing. Yourpresentposition in latitude/
longitude coordinates should bedisplayed: TheLoran isnowready
for
navigation.
Iftheunitdisplays aLatitude/Longitudethat isnot
youractual
position,
seethesectionon Primary/Alternate solutions.
66 7
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ENTERINGTHEINITIALPOSITION -LATITUDE/LONGITUDE
TheLMS-10selectstheproper GRI tousewhen
youinputyourposi-
tion. Toentertheinitial
position
the
veryfirsttimetheLMS-10is
turned
on, press theTD1 keyattheinitialization menu. You should
seethescreen below.
Nowenter
yourpresentlatitude, using
thenumeric
keysatthe
bottom
ofthe
display. If
youmake amistake,press
theCLEAR
keyand re-
enterthenumbersfromthebeginning. (Note: PresstheCLRkey
twicetoreturntotheGRI/LAT/LONG selection menu.)
Afteryou've
enteredthe
latitude, dothesame withthelongitude.
Remember toentera
zeroasthefirstnumber in thelongitude ifit's
lessthan 100 degrees. For
example, ifyourlongitude is85degrees,
enter0850000.
8 65
N a a a a.a a
0
w a a a a aa a TD2
N 33°2'{29'
w J IB°Q2.3S.
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NOTE
TheLMS-1O,
likemost Loranreceivers, uses
degrees,
minutes, and
hundredths ofaminute. Charts typically
use
degrees, minutes, and
seconds. It's notnecessary toconvert secondstohundredths ofa
minuteforyourinitial position.
Youdon'thavetouseyour
exact
position toinitialize theLoran;
one
thatisclose
by isusually
sufficient. Ifyoudon'tknow yourapproxi-
mate position, calltheairport
closesttoyou and asktheirposition
in
latitude/longitude. Thenusetheposition theygiveyou asainitial
position.
Yourscreen should look likethe
oneatthebottomofpage
8after
you've
enteredtheposition. If
yourlongitude iswestofGreenwich,
England, nochange isnecessary. Ifit'seastlongitude, press
the
"1D2"key. Thisswitches the longitude toeast.
Once
you've
enteredthecorrect
latitude/longitude position, press
the
ENTER key. TheLMS-10thenflashesnumbers ontheLat/Long
display. Theunitissearching forthestations intheloran chain. Once
theLMS-10 "locks on"tothestations and
computes yourposition,
the
numbers stopflashing and
yourunitisready fornavigation. Thismay
takeup
tofiveminutes, perhaps longer. Typically, theLMS-10takes
abouttwotothreeminutes to"lock on"toyourposition.
Remember,theLoran isnotusablefornavigation during
thetimeit
flashesthelatitude/longitude.
Nowthatyou've
comethiéfar,youshouldn't needtodoitagain,
unlessyou move alongdistance with
theLoranoft. TheLMS-10
stores thelastknown position
in itsmemory, so eachtimeyouturnthe
uniton,itwill usethelast GRIand
position
thatwasinuse.
Ifyouneedtore-initialize theloran, eitherbyentering
a newGRI
orInitialPosition, seetheRESTARTLORANsection onpage 39.
CYCLEERRORANDSNR
TheLMS-10displays cycle errorsandlowsignaltonoiseratios (SNR)
and cycleerrorswithlabels onthe
display.
NOTE:Theseerrors won'tbeshown iflatitude/longitude aredisplayed.
PresstheTD/LL
keytoshow TDsand errorlabels (ifactivated).
GREAT LAKESLORAN-C CHAIN GRI 8070
REGIONALMANAGERCOMMflDER,ATLANTICAREA, NEWYORK, NY
CHAIN MANAGERCOMMANDER, ATLANTICAREA. NEWYORK,NY
COORDINATOROFCHAINOPERATIONS LOCATION: LORSTASENECA, NY
CONTROLSITE:LORSTASENECA,NY
0610. STATI4 CR. 0D90.
("SI XMIUER PWR
01'WI 7M?5&T
ANTE4NA NaA
EDO NOTES
WOOER DANA,IN 3951 DIal
512912.1W ANfFPO+44 450 625F
M0/IOPOLE 0.0 DUAl.RATEW/0R19960
WHISKEY OAALGIE. ft
- 305030.771
251009.9W 11000/
9355.11 NWFFII-64
ISSHCOS) 550 700Ft
MC*IOPOLE 0.0 DUALRATEW/0017550
XRAY SE4ECA,
W/ 424200.SN
764092.962 25020/
3062.50 UFPN64
ISSHCGS) 550 700FE
I.fllOPLE 0.0 0tLLAAIEW/GR9060
YANKEE BAU000TE 459049.0K 44020/ AWFPI4I2 550 730FT 010
64 9
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Ifalowsignal tonoiseratio orcycleerrorisfound, theLMS-10dis-
plays
theCYClabel. Inthisexample, theSNRlabelshows nexttothe
topline. PresstheTD1 orTD2key
torotate
through theTDs tosee
which
one(s)havelowsignaltonoiseratios. Donot
navigate witha
TD thathasa
poorSNR. If
theunitisin automatic,theLMS-10should
chooseanother
station
automatically.
Thecycleerrordisplay
worksidentically totheSNRdisplay. Simply
rotate
through the
displaysusing
theTD keystofindwhichstations
haveacycle
error. Again, donotusestations witha
cycleerrorfor
navigation.
AUTOMATICand MANUALMODES
TheLMS-10choosesthestationswiththebest crossingangles and
signal strengths
tousewhen
ft'sin
theautomatic mode. Itcontinuafly
monitorsthecrossingangles andsignal strengthstodetermine the
beststationstouse.
However, therearetimeswhen
youdon'twanttheunittoswitch
stations. Forexample, ifyousavea
waypoint using
oneset ofsta-
tions,
youneed tousethosesamestationstonavigate backtothat
waypoint. Navigating withstationsotherthantheonesusedtosavea
waypoint mayresultin
position
errors. Placing theunit in themanual
modestops
itfromchanging stations. Choosing thestations
yourself
alsoplaces
theunitin themanual mode.
10 63
400
r
SNRq535935 TD1
CYCEEIBE 5.23 102
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Tochange
fromautomatic tomanual, firstpress
the2ndkey. Next,
press theTD/LL key. Thescreen shown below appears.
USEd
MEDITERRANEANSEALORAN-CCHAIN GRE7990
REGIONALMANAGERCOMMANDER, COASTGUARD ACTIVITIES EUROPE.LONDON, UK
CHANMANAGERCOMMANDER. COAST GUARD ACTIVITIES EUROPE,LONDON. UK
COORDINATOR
OFCHAIN OPERATIONS LOCATION:LORSTASELLIA MARINA, ITALY
CONTROLSITE:LORSTASELLIA MARINA,ITALY
DEBIt SrATIa4 CCOR. 0(05th
(us) XMT(6R PWR
1KW) TAANSMFr
A&TS'tA 9O
EGO NOTES
MASTER SEUJA
MItNA,FThLV 265220,6H
1643(6.26 ANPFP4-39 166 625FT
M4OLE 50
XPAY LM'PEDLJSA
FTALY 3531 BOON
12313020 110001
0705,96 A'TtS 326 625Fr
M014OPOLE 0.0
YAM(EE IOAROABLJRUN
TURKEY 4056BOON
275200.SE 200001
327326 M'UFPN-39 16$ 625FT
M01DPOLE 0,0
2ItU ESTTr
SPAIN 4203BOON
0312lOSE 470001
3909.74 M0F90630 lEO 635Ft
MOFOLS 00
PresstheTD1 key tosee iftheunitisinthe
mode. PresstheTD2keytoswitch modes.
thescreenshown below appears.
automatic ormanual
Ifthe
TD2keyispressed,
Nowpress
the
TD1 key ifyouwanttheautomatic mode,
orpress
the
TD2keyifyou
wantthenon-auto (manual) mode. Afterthedesired
keyispressed,the
unitreturnstothepositiondisplay.
Toexitfromthesemenus without
changing themode,simplypress the
CLR (clear)key.
Another
way
toseeittheLMS-10isinthemanual orautomaticmode
istopress 5,6,ENT. Thedisplay willshow"USING AUTO"or"USING
NON AUTO",depending onthecurrentmode.
62 11
SELECEe
a TUl
e
a TD2
RUED
nonRUEEl
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MANUALSTATION
SELECTION
Viewing
StationsInUse
If
youwishtousestationsotherthantheoneschosen bytheLMS-1O,
usetheManual StationSelectionoption. Youcanviewthestations
currently
in usebypressing 1,4,ENT. Ascreensimilartotheone
below
appears.
The"U"stands for"stationsinuse". TheTD foreachstation is
represented bythefirst number in
theTD. Themasterstation is
always
shownwith a"0". Inthissample screen, themaster is0,the
nextstation'sTD is 14598.78, so itisrepresented by"1". Thenext
station'sTOis31883.30, so it'srepresented by a3,andsoon. Sta-
tionsusedby
theLMS-10are shown withadash abovethem. Inthis
example, theunit isusing
stations
0,4,and6. PresstheGLRkey
to
returntotheLat/Long display.
Viewing
RecommendedStations
Youcanviewthe
stationstheLMS-10recommends bypressing
1,5,ENT. Ascreen similartotheoneatthetop
ofthenextpage
appears. Thesymbol
thatlookslikean
upside
down"L" standsfor
"Recommend". TheTD for each stationisrepresented bythefirst
numberin theTD. Themasterstationisalways shown witha"0". In
thissample
screen, themasteris
0,thenextstation'sTDisrepre-
sented by "1". Thenextstation'sTD is represented bya
3,andsoon.
ThestationstheLMS-10recommends foruseare shown withadash
abovethem. Inthisexample, theLMS-10 recommends using
stations
0,4,and6. PresstheCLRkeyto returntothe
Lat/Long display.
12 61
DIaL'S
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SelectingStations
NOTE: Selecting stations places
theLMS-10in
themanual mode.
SOUTHEAST U.S.LORAN-CCHAIN FRi7980
REGIONALMANAGERCOMMANDER. ATLANTICAREA. NEWYORK,
NY
CHAIN MANAGERCOMMANDER. ATLANTICAREA. NEWYORK. NY
COORDINATOROFCHAIN OPERATIONS LOCATION:LORSTA MALONE,FL
CONTROLSITE:LORSTA MALONE.FL
DESEG. ETATI4 COCA. CG'SLS.
(us) XMF1TEH PWR
(10W) TRA)$M/T
ANTesa N4
ECD NOIES
MASTER MALIE.H. 305028.7W
031009.3W ANIFF14-E4
lEEHOG'S) 809 700Fl'
MGIDPCLE 0.9 DUALRATEW/ORI8970
WHISKEY O60NGEVILLE
LA 304223.81
901943.EW 11009/
1Oct54 AWFFI4-E4
108H0G'S) 800 700FF
MeIOPOLE '0$
XMY RAflIOM0'
VOLE,1X 25310611,1
975000.10! 22020!
444370 ANIFFN'64
132HCG'S) 400 700Fr
MaIDPOLE 0.0
YA9EEE JUFOTER.R. 2701GnAW
900653.40! 43020/
2201.89 AOVFFF4'lZ 309 625FF
M0100POLE 0.0
ZILU CARaIMA
EEACH,
NC 340340.1W
775446.70! 59000/
0642.70 AOVFFtI'42 560 liP tO DIJALRATEW/0818860
Toselectthe
stations, press
the1,7, andENTkeys. Theletter'5"at
theright
ofthescreen indicates thisisthestation selectscreen.
Again,theTDs foreachstationare represented bythefirstnumberin
theID. For
example, a3isdisplayed
forastationwhose
TD is
31883.25.
Toselectthe
stations, press
thenumber onthekeypad thatcorre-
sponds
tothefirstnumber in thedesired TD. Forexample, pressthe
0key toselecttheMasterstation. Adashappears overthe0onthe
display, signifying it'sselected. Pressthe3 key toselectthestation
withaIDbeginningwith3,andsoon.
Afteryou'veselected thedesired stations,pressthe ENT
key. Ifthe
stations you've
chosen arelocked withgoodsignal strengths,
theunit
should display
alatitude/longitude afterashort wait.
60 13
- S
13 I3E
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PRIMARYANDALTERNATESOLUTIONS
TheLorannormally determines itsposition bymeasuring thetime
differencebetween themasterandtwootherstations. Eachtime
differenceresultsinalineofposition. Where thesetwolinesof
position
crossisyourpresentposition. Thisiscalleda"fix."
Amathematical formulaintheLoranreceiverusesTo'stodetermine
thelatitude/longitude position. DuetothenatureofLoran, your
position
inlatitude/longitude can beoneithersideofthebaseline.
(The
baselineisanimaginary lineconnecting twostations
in
astraight
line.) It'spossible fortheLorantolockontothe
stations, givegood
fix
qualities andsignal strengths, butshow the
latitude/longitude onthe
othersideofthebaseline fromyourpresentposition.Thesetwo
positions arecalled
the
primary
andaltematesolutions. They're 700
usually
farapart, making iteasytotelliftheLoran isdisplaying a
position
farfromyouractual
location. However, ifyou'reclose tothe
baseline, thedifferencebetween thealternate andprimary
solution
couldbe
onlyafewmiles. Forthisreason
alone, it'simportant toknow
yourposition
when
initializing orusing
theLoran.
If
youneedtoswitchfromthe
primary
tothealternate
solution, press @3°
the2nd, 6keys. Thescreenshown below
appears. Next, pressthe
TD1 keyifyouwantthealternate solution orpress theTD2keyforthe
primary
solution. Thelatitude/longitude will flashforafewseconds,
thenshowanewposition. Thisprocess takesafewseconds. The
label'ALT"appears
in theupperleftcornerof
thescreen ifthealter-
nate solutionisineffect. Ifthe"ALT"labelis not on,
theprimary
solutionisin effect.
RLEea TD1
Pr i :TD2
14
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Toswitchbacktotheprimary
solution, simplyrepeattheabove steps.
Check your
known position against theLoranafteritdisplays anew
latitude/longitude. Theyshould bethesame. If
so,usetheLoranand
navigate normally.
DISPLAY-Overview
TheLMS-lO display has four lines ofinformation. Theupper
twolines
show
yourpresentposition
in latitude/longitude orTD5. Thelowertwo
linescan show Heading, CrossTrackError,TimeToGo, DistanceTo
Go,Speed Over
Ground, TrueorMagnetic Bearing, Velocity Made
Good, and more.
NORWEGIAN
SEA
LORAN-cCHAIN GRI7970
REGIONALMANAGER.COMMANDER. COAST GUARDACTIVITIES EUROPE,LONDON, UK
CHAIN MANAGERCOMMANDER, COAST GUARD ACTIVITIES EUROPE. LOND.UK
COORDINATOROFCHAIN OPERATIONS LOCATION: LORAN-CDETAIL KEFLAVIK, ICELAND
CONTROLSITE:LORMONSTA DEFIAVIK,ICELAND
06510. STATI04 tOGA. CDLLL
us) XMITTEH PWR
1KW) 1B4N6140
ANTBINA NQI
LCD NOTES
OMSOWA EJOE,FAEAOE
65..DENMAAK 6217SOON
070426.5W AN!ffP6f44 325 025FT
MCX'ODVOLE 32 DUALMTE W!0R1780
XFLAY BONORWAY 662606J
142747,0E 110004
4046,10 AFSFFN-31 166 625Fr
MOIDFOLE 0.0
WHISKEY SYLT
0EAMAOff 54468.001
0617303E 260004
4065.62 ANIFFN.42 325 626Fl'
MONOPOLE 0.0
YANKEE 5NODUR
C0.AND 646426,601
85621.6W 460%!
2944$4 AN/F004'45 1600 1SEOFT
54a4DPOLE 0.0 DUALA4TEW/0R17530
ZULU .065 MAY84
NWAY 726462.7W
064350.7W 60000!
3216S1 AN'FFAI'39 166 626FT
%fl4DPOLE 0.0
Thearrows atthetopofthedisplay
aresteering
indicators. They're
usedwhenawaypoint isrecalled. Theanchor
symboldisplays
when
theanchor
alarm istriggered.
TheSNRand CYCsymbols are usedwhenasignaltonoiseratio or
cycleerror
problem isfound onastation
currently
inuse.
Thedigits atthebottom
leftcornerofthescreen are used
whenevera
numberisentered fromthekeypad, orwhena
waypoint numberis
displayed.
58 15
ALT '411 .4,
SNR535 935 TD1
CVCSIJBS5.23
CMD XTE 1112
5-I
WPT gq3vMc
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TD/LL
Yourpresent
position
canbedisplayed eitherinLatitude/Longitude or
timedifferences
(TD's). AftertheLMS-10isinitialized, the
top
two
lines
display
the
position
inlatitude/longitudecoordinates.
ToswitchtotheIDdisplay, simplypress theTD/LL
key. Thetoptwo
linesswitchestotheTD'softhesecondaries currently
in use.
LATITuDEJL0NC3ITuDEDISPLAY
Toswitchbacktothelatitude/longitude display, simply press
theTD/
LLkeyagain. Pressthe
TD1and102
keys
torotatethrough
the
stationswhenTD5aredisplayed.
T.D. DISPLAY
16 57
N 33°2V9'
w IBD2.35'
TD1
EBBS
5.23
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