LucidControl DI4DO4 User manual

LucidControl DI4DO4, User Manual (1.0) 2022/02/03
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User Manual
LucidControl DI4DO4
USB Module with 4 Digital Input and 4 Digital Output Channels

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Table of Content
1Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 4
2Setup and Installation.............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Safety Information............................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Configurations .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Interface and Connection ............................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 USB Connection ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.3.2 IO Connection............................................................................................................................. 7
2.3.2.1 Digital Input Channels..................................................................................................... 7
2.3.2.2 Digital Output Channels ................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Setup of Hard- and Software......................................................................................................... 9
2.4.1 Windows ....................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.2 Linux ............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.3 LucidIoCtrl Command Line Tool........................................................................................... 9
2.4.4 First Steps ..................................................................................................................................... 9
3Module Operation...................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Digital Input Channel Processing...............................................................................................11
3.1.1 Real-time Considerations .....................................................................................................11
3.1.2 Input Signal Value Inversion................................................................................................11
3.1.3 Operation Modes ....................................................................................................................11
3.1.3.1 Reflect Mode.....................................................................................................................12
3.1.3.2 Edge Detection.................................................................................................................13
3.1.3.2.1 Rising Edge Detection Mode.................................................................................14
3.1.3.2.2 Falling Edge Detection Mode................................................................................14
3.1.3.3 Count Mode ......................................................................................................................14
3.1.3.3.1 Count Mode Options................................................................................................16
3.2 Digital Output Channel Processing...........................................................................................18
3.2.1 Output Signal Value Inversion ............................................................................................18
3.2.2 Timing Limits.............................................................................................................................18
3.2.3 Operation Modes ....................................................................................................................19
3.2.3.1 Reflect Mode.....................................................................................................................19
3.2.3.2 Duty-Cycle Mode and PWM .......................................................................................19
3.2.3.3 On-Off Mode ....................................................................................................................21
3.3 Commands .........................................................................................................................................24
3.3.1 SetIo .............................................................................................................................................24
3.3.2 SetIoGroup.................................................................................................................................25
3.3.3 GetIo.............................................................................................................................................28
3.3.4 GetIoGroup ................................................................................................................................30
3.4 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................32
3.4.1 Digital Input Channels ...........................................................................................................32
3.4.1.1 inDi0Value..........................................................................................................................32
3.4.1.2 inDi0Mode .........................................................................................................................33
3.4.1.3 inDi0Flags...........................................................................................................................33

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3.4.1.3.1 inDi0Inverted ...............................................................................................................34
3.4.1.3.2 inDi0AddCounter .......................................................................................................34
3.4.1.3.3 inDi0ResetCounterOnRead.....................................................................................35
3.4.1.4 inDi0ScanTime..................................................................................................................35
3.4.1.5 inDi0CountTime...............................................................................................................36
3.4.2 Digital Output Channels........................................................................................................37
3.4.2.1 outDi1Value.......................................................................................................................37
3.4.2.2 outDi1Mode......................................................................................................................38
3.4.2.3 Bit Parameter outDi1Flags ...........................................................................................39
3.4.2.3.1 outDi1Inverted............................................................................................................39
3.4.2.3.2 outDi1CanCancel........................................................................................................39
3.4.2.3.3 outDi1CanRetrigger ..................................................................................................40
3.4.2.4 outDi1CycleTime .............................................................................................................41
3.4.2.5 outDi1DutyCycle..............................................................................................................41
3.4.2.6 outDi1OnDelay.................................................................................................................42
3.4.2.7 outDi1OnHold ..................................................................................................................42
4Specification..............................................................................................................................................44
5Order Information...................................................................................................................................46
6Document Revision.................................................................................................................................47

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1Introduction
This document describes the functionality of the LucidControl DI4DO4 USB IO module with
4 digital input and 4 digital output channels controllable by the Universal Serial Bus.
A basic description of the LucidControl product family can be found in the general
LucidControl User Manual.
This document focuses on functions which are specific for the DI4DO4 USB IO module.
2Setup and Installation
Fig. 1 shows the sketch of the Digital DI4DO4 module with
4 digital input (DI0 to DI3) and 4 digital output (DO0 to
DO3) channels.
The lower IO connector (IO1 to IO8) provides the terminals
for the digital input channels DI0 to DI3. The input state of
a channel is indicated by its related green LED.
The upper IO connector (IO9 to IO16) provides the
terminals for the digital output channels DO0 to DO3. The
output state of each channel is indicated by the related red
LED.
Fig. 1 Digital IO Module DI4DO4

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2.1 Safety Information
LucidControl complies with regulations and industrial standards active in the EU. To keep
the device functional, the following safety and maintenance information must be adhered.
The device must only be used for the intended purpose.
The device must not be used under the following conditions:
•It is obviously damaged
•An error was detected
•Outside humidity and temperature limits
•Unauthorized personnel
Never apply voltages higher than 30V (or lower than -30V) to any IO terminal.
This would damage the device.

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2.2 Configurations
The digital output channels of the DI4DO4 are consist of solid-state relays.
The digital input channels are available for different threshold levels:
Threshold Level
VLowMax
VHighMin
VHighMax
5 V
2.5 V
3.5 V
7.5V
10 V
6.0 V
8.5V
15V
24 V
16.0 V
21.0 V
30V
Tab. 1 Digtal Input Threshold Level
Tab. 1 shows the characteristic voltages for the different threshold levels. Voltages below
VLowMax result in a LOW value, voltage higher than VHighMin in a HIGH value. Because of the
input hysteresis, voltages between VLowMax and VHighMin do not change the logic value.
In order to prevent excessive stress on the digital inputs, the maximum applied voltage
must not exceed VHighMax.
Example
When interfacing a 24 V signal, the applied voltage of a HIGH state must be higher than
21.0 V. The voltage of a low state needs to be lower than 16.0 V. For the voltages between,
the last detected stable value remains.

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2.3 Interface and Connection
2.3.1 USB Connection
LucidControl USB modules are connected to the computer by using a USB 2.0 cable which
must not extend a length of 5 m. They are bus powered what means that the host
computer supplies the module with power.
The LucidControl DI4DO4 module is rated with a maximum current of 40 mA.
2.3.2 IO Connection
2.3.2.1 Digital Input Channels
Fig. 2 illustrates how the digital input works. The signal is
applied to the IO terminals 1 and 2. It powers the opto-
coupler, which insulates the input signal and the acquisition
hardware.
All input channels work independently and are potentially isolated. They do not share any
common contacts (e.g. ground line).
Applying a voltage above VHighMin between the input terminals 1 (resp. 3, 5, 7) and 2 (resp.
4, 6, 8) powers the LED of the opto-coupler and makes the transistor conductive resulting
in a digital HIGH state level. If the voltage is below VLowMax is applied this results in a LOW
state level.
All digital inputs are protected against overvoltage. Applying a voltage higher
than VInMax = 30 V or lower than –VInMax = -30V may damage the input.
Digital Input
Channel
IO Terminals Pins
DI0
1 / 2
DI1
3 / 4
DI2
5 / 6
DI3
7 / 8
Tab. 2 Digital Input Channel IO Terminals
Tab. 2 lists the digital input channels and their corresponding IO terminal pins.
Fig. 2 Isolated Digital Input

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2.3.2.2 Digital Output Channels
Fig. 3 shows the connection of the first digital output channel.
When the output is activated, the SSR connects terminal 9 with terminal 10,
closing the circuit and switching on the lamp in the shown application.
The polarity of the signal is not relevant. The positive or negative potential
can be connected to any terminal.
SSR outputs are opto-insulated, protecting the hardware behind the SSR
(e.g. the host computer).
The outputs are potential-free and do not share any common contacts e.g. ground line.
Digital Output
Channel
IO Terminals Pins
DO0
9 / 10
DO1
11 / 12
DO2
13 / 14
DO3
15 / 16
Tab. 3 Digital Output Channel IO Terminals
Tab. 3 lists the digital output channels and their IO terminal pins
The SSR outputs are not protected against overcurrent and overvoltage. USSRMax
and ISSRMax limits must be considered. Otherwise, the output may be damaged.
If inductive loads are controlled, additional protection might be necessary in order
to protect the SSR from high voltage.
The digital output channels support Reflect Mode, Duty-Cycle Mode and On-Off Mode.
For Duty-Cycle and On-Off Modes the minimum on and off times are limited to TSSRMin.
Fig. 3 SSR
Output

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2.4 Setup of Hard- and Software
Setting up LucidControl hardware is straight forward:
1. Ensure that no signal is applied to the IO Connector
2. Connect LucidControl via USB with the computer
3. Applies for Microsoft Windows older than Windows 10 only: The system asks for
an installation file. This is not a driver but only an information file (INF). The file
can be downloaded from our website www.lucid-control.com/downloads
4. LucidControl switches the green power LED on. The module can be used.
2.4.1 Windows
After the installation has finished, the Windows Device Manager lists a new serial port
(COM). The module can be accessed by using this port.
If more than one module is connected to a computer, the operating system ensures that
the same serial port number is assigned to the module(s) after restart.
2.4.2 Linux
The module is immediately installed as /dev/ttyACMndevice where n is a number referring
to the index of the device.
Note
If more than one module is connected to a computer, Linux does by default not ensure
that a module is permanently linked to the same /dev/ttyACMndevice.
2.4.3 LucidIoCtrl Command Line Tool
The LucidIoCtrl command line tool can be downloaded from our website:
www.lucid-control.com/downloads
This page provides the command line tool LucidIoCtrl for different architectures.
Please see the section 3 of the general LucidControl User Manual for more information
about LucidIoCtrl.
2.4.4 First Steps
After the module was successfully installed, the green Power LED is switched on signaling
that the module is ready for use.
The following examples demonstrate the functionality of the module by using the
LucidIoCtrl command line tool.

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Windows Examples
Setting output channel number 4 to “1”. The module is connected to COM1
LucidIoCtrl -dCOM1 -tL -c4 -w1 [ENTER]
Windows requires a different argument for comport numbers >= 10.
LucidIoCtrl –d\\.\COM10 –tL –c4 –w1 [ENTER]
Reading the states of all digital inputs and outputs
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM1 –tL -c0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 –r [ENTER]
CH0:00 CH1:00 CH2:00 CH3:00 CH4:00 CH5:00 CH6:00 CH7:00
Linux Examples
For all examples it is assumed that the module is connected to /dev/ttyACM0.
Setting output channel number 4 to “1”
./LucidIoCtrl –d/dev/ttyACM0 –tL –c4 –w1 [ENTER]
Resetting output channel number 4 to “0”
./LucidIoCtrl –d/dev/ttyACM0 –tL –c4 –w0 [ENTER]
Reading the states of all digital inputs and outputs
./LucidIoCtrl –d/dev/ttyACM0 –tL –c0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 –r [ENTER]
CH0:00 CH1:00 CH2:00 CH3:00 CH4:00 CH5:00 CH6:00 CH7:00

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3Module Operation
3.1 Digital Input Channel Processing
3.1.1 Real-time Considerations
Operating systems for personal computers are not made for deterministic real-time
operation. Because of multitasking it cannot be ensured that a task will continue to run
within a specified interval.
USB is also no real-time bus and limits the timing.
Assuming that short pulses (e.g., shorter than 10 ms) should be detected the computer has
to read the input value at least 100 times per second what is not realistic. It is possible that
a pulse is located between two readings and the pulse would be missed.
Edge detection and count modes improve the real-time characteristics.
3.1.2 Input Signal Value Inversion
Digital input channels have an input signal value and a logical input value. The input signal
value is represented by the voltage applied to the input channel. The logical value is
evaluated by the input processing.
In case of inversion is disabled, the input signal values and logical values are identical.
In case of input inversion is enabled by configuration parameter inDi0Inverted set to “on”
the logical value is the inverted input signal value. This means that a voltage higher than
VHighMin results in a HIGH input signal value but a LOW logical input value.
All input modes support input signal value inversion.
3.1.3 Operation Modes
This section explains the operation modes of the input channels and gives examples how
to configure and to use them.
Digital input channels can operate in one of the modes:
•Reflect Mode
•Rising Edge Mode
•Falling Edge Mode
•Count Mode

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Fig. 4 Digital Input Channel Processing
in Reflect Mode
In all modes the input values are captured and evaluated after a stable signal has been
detected.
3.1.3.1 Reflect Mode
The reflect mode acquires the logical input value.
Fig. 4 illustrates the processing of the digital input
channels in reflect mode.
After the rising edge of the input signal was detected
and it remained stable for the interval TScan the input
value is updated.
In the case that a pulse of the input signal is shorter than
TScan, it is ignored and the input value does not change.
Fig. 5 shows this at the first pulse. The rising edge of the
input signal starts the scan timer and the falling edge
stops it (indicated by the gray TScan interval).
The second pulse is longer than TScan and considered
valid. The input value is updated.
Filtering digital signals can be used in order to surpress instable signals (debouncing). It
makes the detection of digital input signals more relyable.
The scan interval TScan is configured by the parameter inDi0ScanTime (→0).
Fig. 6 illustrates the digital input signal and the inverted
input value with configuration parameter inDi0Inverted
set to “on”.
Fig. 5 Reflect Mode Pulse Width
Fig. 6 Inverted Reflect Mode

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LucidIoCtrl Command Line Tool Example
Set digital input channel 0 to Reflect Mode
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c0 –sinDi0Mode=reflect [ENTER]
3.1.3.2 Edge Detection
Digital input channels can operate in edge detection modes. In rising edge mode, the
channel is sensitive for low-to-high transitions, in falling edge mode it recognizes high-to-
low transitions.
Edge detection modes improve the real-time processing of input signal transitions without
the host computer being involved.
Operating systems for personal computers are not made for deterministic real-time
behavior. Because of multitasking it cannot be ensured that a task will continue to run
within a specified interval.
USB is also no real-time bus and limits the timing.
The following example explains how the edge detection mode can improve timing
behavior. If a short pulse of 10 ms length should be detected, the host computer would
need to poll with a rate of 200 times per second. This is beyond the capabilities of the
operating system and USB.
Digital input channels in edge detection mode remembers a fast signal change and the
host computer can poll at a lower rate in order to detect if a transition happened.
LucidIoCtrl Command Line Tool Example
Configure input channel 0 for rising edge detection mode
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c0 –sinDi0Mode=risingEdge [ENTER]
Set TScan to 90 µs
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c0 –sinDi0ScanTime=90000 [ENTER]
Read input channel 0
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c0 –tL -r [ENTER]
CH0:01

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3.1.3.2.1 Rising Edge Detection Mode
Fig. 7 shows a digital input signal and the corresponding
input value in rising edge detection mode. After the
HIGH input signal was detected as being valid, the input
value remains pending until it was read by the host
computer.
The rising edge detection mode allows detecting low-to-
high transitions of the input signal without the host
computer being involved.
3.1.3.2.2 Falling Edge Detection Mode
The falling edge detection mode (Fig. 8) operates similar
to the rising edge detection mode but triggers at high-
to-low transition of the input signal.
In falling edge detection mode, a high-to-low transition
of the input signal sets the input value to “1”.
3.1.3.3 Count Mode
The count mode accumulates valid pulses of the input signal within a count interval
specified by TCount.
The counter is 16 bit wide. When 65535 is reached it rolls over to 0 with the next
increment.
Fig. 7 Rising Edge Detection Mode
Fig. 8 Falling Edge Detection Mode

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Fig. 9 illustrates a typical periodical input
signal. In count mode all valid pulses are
accumulated until the counting interval
TCount finishes.
Fig. 10 shows the same input signal, but
with a shorter count interval.
After count interval TCount has passed, the
count value is accessible and a new
measurement cycle starts.
The input signal is considered as valid after it was stable for at least the scan time TScan.
Only valid pulses are accumulated (see the gray interrupted pulse).
TScan time starts when the rising edge of the input signal was detected. In the case that the
parameter inDi0Inverted is set to “on”, TScan time starts when the falling edge of the input
signal is detected.
Reading the input value in count mode returns the count value of the last finished count
interval cycle.
LucidIoCtrl Command Line Tool Example
Configure input channel 0 for Count Mode
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c0 –sinDi0Mode=count [ENTER]
Set Scan Time TScan to 1ms
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c0 –sinDi0ScanTime=1000 [ENTER]
Set Count Time TCount to 1s
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c0 –sinDi0CountTime=1000000 [ENTER]
Read count value (number of pulses)
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c0 –tN -r [ENTER]
CH0:0x0064 (100)
In this example 100 pulses of at least 1 millisecond length have been acquired within a
count interval of 1 second.
Fig. 9 Count Mode
Fig. 10 Count Mode Interval

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Since the input value is updated after count interval has passed it takes 1 second to update
the value. Decreasing the count interval results in a faster update of the input value.
In Count Mode the value type N is supported. The count value is returned in hexadecimal
and decimal format.
3.1.3.3.1 Count Mode Options
The functionality of the count mode can be controlled by the parameters inDi0AddCounts
and inDi0ResetCountsOnRead.
The number of counted pulses becomes valid after count interval has passed.
The number counted pulses becomes valid after count interval TCount has passed:
•In the case that inDi0AddCounter is set to “off”, the current counter value is
overwritten by the new counter value and previous counter value might be lost.
•In the case that inDi0AddCounter is set to “on”, the new counter value is added to
the current counter value.
When the count number is read by the host:
•If inDi0ResetCounterOnRead is set to "off", reading the counter value does not affect
the counter value.
•If inDi0ResetCounterOnRead is set to “on”, the counter value is reset after reading it.
The parameter inDi0ResetCounterOnRead has only an effect when inDi0AddCounter set to
“on”.
In order to avoid counter overflows parameter inDi0AddCounter ”on” should be combined
with inDi0ResetCounterOnRead "on" parameter.

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Fig. 11 shows a non-periodic input signal
with 10 pulses in total. The counter value
is read at 3 times. In the following it is
explained how the options affect the
count value.
The value "Count" in the diagram refers to the internal counter, which is accumulated
during count interval TCount.
Mode
Value
Read 1
Value
Read 2
Value
Read 3
inDi0AddCounter = “on”
inDi0ResetCounterOnRead = “on”
2
3
3
inDi0AddCounter = “on”
inDi0ResetCounterOnRead = “off”
2
5
8
inDi0AddCounter = “off”
inDi0ResetCounterOnRead = “off”
(Default)
2
3
2
Tab. 4 Count Mode Options Value Read Results
Tab. 4 lists the count values at the 3 reading positions for the inDi0AddCounter and
inDi0ResetCounterOnRead options.
The options inDi0AddCounter and inDi0ResetCounterOnRead are set to “on” which is the
most useful combination. (→Tab. 4, first row)
On Read 1 the returned counter value is 2 since the internal counter value when TCount
ended was 2. The counter value is reset on reading and 1 pulse is carried over to the next
TCount inverval.
On Read 2 the returned counter value is 3 because of the internal counter value 2 plus the
carried over counter 1 from the last count interval. The counter value is reset on read.
At the reading 3 the read value is 3. The counter value is reset on read.
Count mode with inDi0AddCounter = “on”
In the case that inDi0AddCounter is “on” and inDi0ResetCounterOnRead is “off” the pulses
are accumulated but the counter is not reset on reading the value. This causes the counter
value will be updated when count interval has finished and the current counter is added to
the last counter value. This may result in an overflow when the counter value rolls over its
maximum value of 65535.
Fig. 11 Count Value Add Mode

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3.2 Digital Output Channel Processing
3.2.1 Output Signal Value Inversion
Digital output channels have an output signal value and a logical output value. The logical
output value is the current state of the output which can be “0” (cleared) or “1” (set). The
output signal value is calculated by the output handling.
Read and write commands give access to the logical output value.
In the case that outDi1Inverted is set to “off”, output signal value inversion is disabled and
the output signal values and logical output values are identical.
In the case that inversion is enabled by setting outDi1Inverted to “on” the output signal
value is the inverted logical value. Writing “1” to the output channel value clears the
output.
All output modes support output signal value inversion.
3.2.2 Timing Limits
The output timing resolution specifies the minimum interval for an on-phase or off-phase.
If an on-time or off-time is lower than tRes the phase is skipped.

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3.2.3 Operation Modes
This section describes the operation of the different output modes and gives examples
how the outputs can be controlled.
Each of the outputs of the module can work in one of the following modes:
•Reflect Mode
•Duty-Cycle Mode
•On-Off Mode
3.2.3.1 Reflect Mode
Reflect Mode gives direct access to the logical output value of the output channel.
Writing “1” to the output causes the output being set immediately.
Writing “0” to the output causes the output being cleared immediately.
By setting and clearing outputs in Reflect Mode any pattern of the output signal can be
generated, but the timing is limited by the communication protocol and the host
computer.
This means e.g., that switching an output on and off every 1ms would need 1000
commands per second. This is not realistic because common operating systems and USB
latency do not allow such a fast and deterministic timing.
Duty-Cycle Mode and On-Off Mode improves this by handling the critical timing in the
module.
LucidIoCtrl Command Line Tool Example
Configure output channel 4 for Reflect Mode
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c4 –soutDi1Mode=reflect [ENTER]
Set output channel 0 to “1”
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c4 –tL –w1 [ENTER]
Set the channel 0 back to “0”
LucidIoCtrl –dCOM4 –c4 –tL –w0 [ENTER]
3.2.3.2 Duty-Cycle Mode and PWM
In Duty-Cycle Mode the module switches outputs on and off in a periodical PWM (pulse-
width-modulation) sequence.

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By switching an output periodically on and off it is e.g., possible to control the power
consumed by a device and can be used for controlling the power of a pump or a heating
element.
Fig. 12 shows a periodical signal generated in Duty-
Cycle Mode.
Setting the logical output value to “1” starts processing
until it is set back to "0".
If the logical output value is set to "0" in off-phase,
processing is stopped.
If the value of the output is set to "0" in on-phase, behavior depends on IO Configuration
Parameter outDi1CanCancel.
The timing of the generated signal is configured by two parameters:
•TCycle defines the cycle time (period) of the signal and can be configured by the IO
Configuration Parameter outDi1CycleTime.
•The IO Configuration Parameter outDi1DutyCycle defines the relation of the on-time
TOn and the off-time TOff
oOn-time equals to  
  
oOff-time equals to    
  
The resolution of the generated signal is 
 which means that on-time and off-time have
a resolution of 1 ‰.
Changing the Configuration Parameters outDi1CycleTime or outDi1DutyCylce while
processing of the Duty-Cycle outputs is running updates the values immediately.
The calculated values of Ton and Toff must be in the limits of tRes. Values outside the limits
result in permanent off or on state.
Output Signal Value Inversion
Fig. 13 shows the output signal value in the case that
output signal value inversion is enabled (outDi1Inverted
is “on”).
Fig. 12 Duty-Cycle Mode
Fig. 13 Duty-Cycle Mode Output
Inversion