Magsys Igm11 User manual

OPERATING-

INSTRUCTIONS

INDUSTRIAL GAUSSMETER IGM11

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Industrial Gaussmeter IGM11 Operating Instructions

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duplicated without the author’s written consent.

We shall not be liable for the accuracy of these instructions nor for damages which

can result from the use of this manual. Since mistakes can never be avoided

completely, despite all efforts, we would appreciate any given hint. We will be

anxious to correct any faults known to us as soon as possible.

Windows

®

is a registered trademark of icrosoft Corporation.

Edition

Data File IG 11_ anual_ENG.doc

Doc. Date 08.10.2012

Hardware Status E

Software Status 08.10.2012

Current Documentation Status 01/2013

Status of Documentation Concerning Page(s) n°

01/2012 Compilation

02/2012 Correction; Amendment SCPI Commands

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Table of Contents

1 Safety Instructions 6

1.1 Safety Instructions for the Device 6

1.2 Safety Instructions for Measuring Probes 6

1.3 Safety Symbols 7

2 Brief Intro uction 8

2.1 Preparing a Measurement 8

2.2 Running a Measurement 8

2.3 Measuring Unit 9

2.4 Selecting the Measuring Range 9

2.5 Display 10

2.6 Status Display 10

3 Function of the Gaussmeter 11

3.1 The Hall Effect 11

3.1.1 Linear Properties of the Hall Probe 11

3.1.2 Non-linear Properties of the Hall Probe 12

3.2 Measurement Details 14

3.2.1 Sample Measurements with an N FeB

Magnet 14

3.2.2 Remanence an Hall Gaussmeter

Measurement 15

3.2.3 Accuracy Base on Positioning an

Direction 16

3.2.4 External Static Magnetic Fiel s 17

4 Control Elements an Connections 18

4.1 Front Panel Overview 18

4.2 Ports Overview 19

4.3 Power Supply 20

4.4 Probe Connection 20

4.5 USB Interface 21

4.6 LAN Interface 22

5 Operation 24

5.1 Buttons 24

5.2 Display 25

5.3 Status Display 26

5.4 Null Balance 26

5.5 Measuring Range 27

5.6 Measuring Unit 28

5.7 DC/AC Fiel Measurement 28

5.7.1 DC Fiel Measurement 28

5.7.2 AC Fiel Measurement 29

5.8 Peak Value Measurement 31

5.8.1 Fast Peak Value Detection 31

5.9 Probe Data 33

6 Set-up Menu 34

6.1 Reset 34

6.2 Settings Overview 34

6.3 Settings 35

6.3.1 Overview 35

6.3.2 Measurement 36

6.3.3 Parameters of the Serial Interface EIA-232 37

6.3.4 Parameters of the Serial Interface EIA-485 37

6.3.5 Parameters of the LAN Interface 38

6.3.6 Settings of the Digital Inputs 38

6.3.7 Settings of the Digital Outputs 39

6.3.8 Settings of the Function Buttons 40

6.3.9 Display of the Error Memory 40

7 Power Supply Connection 41

8 Signal Interfaces 42

8.1 Intro uction 42

8.2 Wiring of the Inputs 43

8.3 Wiring of the Outputs 44

9 Serial Interfaces 45

9.1 Intro uction 45

9.2 Connecting the Gaussmeter to an External

Controller 46

9.3 EIA-485 Connector 48

9.3.1 EIA-485 Bus Terminal 48

9.3.2 EIA-485 Basic Network 49

9.3.3 EIA-485 Cable Details 50

9.3.4 EIA-485 Wiring Details 50

9.3.5 EIA-485 Potential Equalization Details 51

9.3.6 EIA-485 Shiel ing Details 51

9.4 EIA-485 Bus Protocol 52

9.4.1 Telegram Syntax 52

9.4.2 Data Enco ing 53

9.4.3 Telegram Length 53

9.4.4 BCC Generation 53

9.4.5 The A ress Byte (ADR) 54

9.4.6 Telegram Exchange 54

9.4.7 Data Content 55

9.4.8 Parameter Settings 55

9.5 EIA-485 Point-to-Point (P2P) Connection 55

9.6 Samples of Data Transfer EIA-485 56

9.7 EIA-232 Connection 57

9.7.1 Operating Mo e SCPI 57

9.7.2 Operating Mo e SHORT 58

9.7.3 Operating Mo e FLOW 59

9.8 Connector Cable EIA-232 59

9.9 Samples of Data Transfer EIA-232 60

9.10 User Data 62

9.10.1 Character Set 62

9.10.2 Intro uction to the SCPI Language 62

9.10.3 SCPI Data Types 64

9.10.4 SCPI Status Mo el 65

9.11 Summary of SCPI Comman s 68

9.11.1 Control Comman s 68

9.11.2 Main Comman s 68

9.11.3 Peak Value Functions 69

9.11.4 Probe Functions 69

9.11.5 Device Functions 69

9.11.6 Memory Functions 70

9.11.7 Serial Interfaces 70

9.11.8 Digital Interfaces 70

9.12 SCPI Comman Reference 71

9.12.1 Control Comman s 71

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9.12.2 Main Comman s 76

9.12.3 Peak Value Function 80

9.12.4 Probe Functions 82

9.12.5 Memory Functions 84

9.12.6 Device Functions 85

9.12.7 Interface Functions 87

10 Table of Error Messages 95

11 Unit Conversion Table 97

12 Technical Data 98

13 Declaration of Conformity 102

14 Warranty an Copyright 103

15 In ex 104

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Table of Illustrations

Display 10

Basic Assembly of a Hall Probe 11

Flux Line Characteristics of an N FeB In uction Disk 14

Fiel Strength Pattern of an N FeB In uction Disk 15

Front Panel 18

Ports 19

Ports Top 19

Ports Bottom 20

Pin Assignment LAN Interface 22

Display LAN Connection 22

Display uring LAN Operation 23

Display 25

Status Display 26

Measuring Ranges 27

Signal Input Plus Switche 43

Signal Input Minus Switche 43

Signal Output Plus Switche 44

Signal Output Minus Switche 44

EIA-232 EIA-485 Connector J4 46

EIA-232 Connector J4 46

EIA-485 Connector J4 47

EIA-485 Bus Structure 48

EIA-485 Basic Network an Bus Terminals with Internal

Connection 49

EIA-485 Basic Network an Bus Terminal with External

Connection 49

EIA-485 Shiel ing an Potential Equalization 50

EIA-485 Telegram Syntax 52

EIA-485 A ress Structure 54

Null Mo em Cable 59

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Gaussmeter IGM11 Operating Instructions

Chapter 1 Safety Instructions

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1 Safety Instructions

1.1 Safety Instructions for the Device

Use the measuring instrument only according to the operating instructions.

Do not replace any parts and do not modify this product without prior and written

consent by AGSYS. Do not service this device. Return the device to AGSYS

magnet systeme GmbH or to your local supplier for repair and maintenance to

ensure that all safety features remain.

Handling malpractice may result in damage to the device and possibly to injuries or

death of persons.

Do not dispose of this device in normal household garbage. Contact the

manufacturer for the proper disposal of this device.

Use only appropriate magnetic field probes for this measuring device.

Observe the labeling of the device before connecting a magnetic field probe.

Do not use the device in explosive environments or near to inflammable gases or

vapors.

Environmental Conditions:

This instrument has been designed for the use in rooms with low condensation. See

technical data.

1.2 Safety Instructions for Measuring Probes

agnetic measurements should only be done in areas with a maximum voltage of

60V DC, 30V AC R S. The magnetic field probes are not electrically insulated.

Please ensure that the probe holders and the housing are connected to protective

earth.

If you work in environments with voltages beyond 60V DC, 30V AC R S or 42V

peak, act with particular caution because of electric shock hazard.

For measurements in high magnetic fields, observe the risks which might occur

through strong magnetic fields.

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Chapter 1 Safety Instructions

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1.3 Safety Symbols

Safety symbols can be found on various spots of the device.

Before using this connection or function, read the corresponding reference in

the manual.

This symbol refers to information and references in the operating instructions

which the user has to follow in order to avoid injuries of persons or damage

to the device, or to gain correct measuring results.

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Gaussmeter IGM11 Operating Instructions

Chapter 2 Brief Introduction

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2 Brief Introduction

easurements with the gaussmeter utilize the Hall effect as principle of

measurement. A Hall sensor is a symmetric current-carrying semiconductor. A

magnetic field running perpendicular through this element generates an asymmetry

on the chip and thereby creates an output voltage which, at first approximation, is

proportional to the product of magnetic field strength and forced current. For

higher magnetic field strengths, this correlation is no longer linear. This effect is

automatically compensated in the device. Thus, the gaussmeter measures the

magnetic flux density at a point with a high local resolution. It only measures those

components of the magnetic flux density which run perpendicularly through the

sensor.

2.1 Preparing a Measurement

For measurements you need to connect a measuring probe.

A suitable measuring probe can be connected via the 8 mm socket on the top of the

device. Each measuring probe is individually calibrated. The calibration data are

stored in the probe memory. When a measuring probe is plugged in or changed,

these parameters will be read automatically.

2.2 unning a Measurement

After switching on the device, the actual measured value is shown continuously. In

addition to this, the display shows further information on the device status, the

selected measuring range as well as the measuring mode.

• The measuring range, the physical display unit and the measuring mode can be

adjusted in the set-up menu.

• After setting the desired measuring range and unit, insert the probe into the

magnetic field. Especially for heterogeneous magnetic fields, such as they

appear on the surfaces and edges of magnets, pay attention that the measured

magnetic flux density strongly depends on the distance and position. Further

take into consideration that the magnetic field component is only measured in

one direction so that tilting the measuring probe might lead to an error.

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Chapter 2 Brief Introduction

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2.3 Measuring Unit

The gaussmeter shows measuring values in physical units of the SI-system and of the

Gauss-CGS system (preferably used in North America).

You can adjust the unit in the set-up menu.

2.4 Selecting the Measuring ange

You can select from four measuring ranges in the set-up menu.

The lower left area of the display shows the upper limit of the selected range.

If the measured value exceeds the limit of the selected

range, the display shows

-OL-

(Overload) instead of

the measured value.

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Chapter 2 Brief Introduction

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2.5 Display

The following shows a typical example of the display.

Figure 1 Display

2.6 Status Display

Beside the currently measured value the gaussmeter displays the status information in

the upper right area.

Display Description

LAN The device is accessed via the network connection.

HOLD The measurement is stopped via an assigned input.

ERR An error has occurred. The error is stored in the error queue and can

be read via the interfaces or the set-up menu.

easured value

with unit

Lifesign

ea

suring range

and mode

Status of the digital

in- / outputs

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Chapter 3 Function of the Gaussmeter

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3 Function of the Gaussmeter

3.1 The Hall Effect

3.1.1 Linear Properties of the Hall Probe

The measurement is based on the deflection of charge carriers in a magnetic field

inside a conductor. Thus, the basis of the measurement of the magnetic flux density is

the Lorentz force. If you apply voltage between the beginning and the end of a flat

electrical conductor, the charge carriers move with a rate of

enDrift

Ev

r

⋅= µ

, whereby

n

µ

represents the charge carrier mobility inside the conductor. Due to their high

mobility, the charge carriers are always electrons. In a displacement by 90° to the

current direction, you can tap a voltage which is ideally proportional to the magnetic

flux density. Only the part of the flux density becomes effective which runs

perpendicular through the flat side of the conductor.

Figure 2 Basic Assembly of a Hall Probe

If you do not extract any current from the electrodes S1 and S2, but only measure the

voltage, the following applies:

B

t

w

I

w

U

en

Hall

e

⋅

=⋅⋅

B

S2 C2

S1 C1

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This implies:

B

ten

I

U

e

Hall ⋅⋅

⋅

=

1

with

e

n

Charge carriers

e

Elementary charge of the electron (1.6022 × 10

-19

As)

w

Width of the path on which the electrons move

t

Effective force of the Hall element

B

Flux density in [Tesla]

This represents the idealized Hall effect.

In reality, the results deviate from this idealized effect.

Since there is a linear equation between the current and the measuring result, it

follows:

BSB

ten

R

e

Hall ⋅=⋅

⋅⋅

=0

1

3.1.2 Non-linear Properties of the Hall Probe

In contrast to the idealized description, you find a non-linear behavior:

(

)

offsetHALLHall RBBSR +⋅+⋅⋅= 2

01α

For the used Hall sensor the real description is true for flux densities up to about

5000 mT.

3.1.2.1 Reasons for the Occurrence of R

offset

The strongest deviation from the idealized Hall effect is the occurance of an offset

voltage without a magnetic field. This effect is mainly caused by geometric

asymmetries of the Hall element.

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Chapter 3 Function of the Gaussmeter

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3.1.2.2 Reasons for the Field Dependence of the Sensitivity

There are several influences for the flux density dependence of the sensitivity:

The mobility of the charge carriers depends on the flux density. This influence

generally leads to a negative α

Hall

and is irrelevant for the used Hall sensors. ore

important is the geometry of the used sensors. The lamellar structure generates a

geometry-based field dependence of the sensitivity. The non-homogeneous

distribution of the current density in such a structure causes this effect. Already in

field-free cases, this current distribution on the Hall element is relatively complex. This

entails a lowering of S

0

and influences the field dependence of the sensitivity. A

complex real-time correction of the gaussmeter IG 11 compensates for the inherent

non-linearities of the used Hall probes and thus ensures a stable zero point.

3.1.2.3 Field Dependence of the Cross-Current Resistance

The current distribution is the cause of the Hall probe resistance. Current components

which – alike the Hall voltage – run vertically to the direction of the current feed,

cause a diverted Hall effect. This becomes noticeable as a flux density modulated

resistance.

For measuring fast magnetic impulses, the device must have sufficiently high

dynamics in order to equalize this effect. The gaussmeter IG 11 is optimized for this

operating mode.

3.1.2.4 Te perature Dependence of the Sensitivity

Due to the large band gap of the used Hall sensors the temperature dependence of

the probe sensitivity is low. It is approx. −0.06 %/ºC.

3.1.2.5 Te perature Dependence of the Cross-Current Resistance

The temperature dependence of the cross-current resistance is appox. 0.3 %/ºC and

is automatically equalized by the device.

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Chapter 3 Function of the Gaussmeter

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3.2 Measurement Details

The used Hall sensors contain a very small active semiconductor area ranging at

approx.100 µm. The local resolution of this mesasuring method is thus rather high.

Also notice that single Hall sensors measure one field component only.

3.2.1 Sample Measurements with an NdFeB Magnet

Due to the high local resolution, the near-surface measurement with magnets may

lead to misinterpretations because of the large field-strength gradients.

Figure 3 Flux Line Characteristics of an NdFeB Induction Disk

Figure 3 shows an NdFeB magnet with a material remanence of 1400 mT. In this

example the magnetic disk has a thickness of 5 mm with a diameter of 20 mm. The

magnet is supposed to be measured in 1 mm distance from the surface.

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Chapter 3 Function of the Gaussmeter

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Figure 4 Field Strength Pattern of an NdFeB Induction Disk

The diagram in figure 4 shows the measurement with a Hall probe which is moved in

parallel to the surface of the magnet within a distance of 1mm to the measuring surface.

A minimum of the flux density emerges in the center of the magnet. Here approx.

230mT are measured. Due to the locally changing working points on the radius of the

magnet, the flux density increases toward the outside. In the center the magnet carries

the highest magnetic load in air and therefore provides the lowest flux density.

3.2.2 emanence and Hall Gaussmeter Measurement

The remance B

r

is a mesure for the aligned magnetic dipoles in the center of the

magnet. B

r

is the theoretically maximum flux density that can be achieved if the magnet

is in magnetic idle. If it works against a magntetic resistance, it is always B

< B

r

.

On the surface of an individual magnet B < B

r

/2 applies even more.

Which value is actually measured in the pole center depends on the geometry of the

magnet.

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Chapter 3 Function of the Gaussmeter

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As B

r

as well as B is measured in the unit Tesla, the magnetic field measured on the

outside is often mixed up with the remanence.

Please note that a magnet without back iron only shows a value clearly below the

remanence on the surface. Due to the local and geometry-dependent measurement, the

remanence of the workpiece cannot be checked reliably with a gaussmeter.

3.2.3 Accuracy Based on Positioning and Direction

Since the measuring value depends on the position, an accurate and repeatable

measurement depends on the exact positioning of the probe during the measurement.

The measurement on the pole center of the magnet is most uncritical. When moving the

probe on the pole surface of the magnet, the measuring value hardly changes at first.

When changing the distance though, the measuring value varies considerably.

The smaller the magnet to be measured, the stronger even slight misalignments

change the measuring value. For quality-related research it is essential to ensure the

positioning accuracy.

Since a Hall probe only records one field strength vector, the correct alignment relative

to the magnet is important.

Please be particularly careful when measuring at the zero point at pole transitions. By

slightly tilting the probe, you measure additional lateral field shares that seem to

displace the zero passage.

In normal applications, a maximum flux density value is usually determined at a given

position. The measuring probe is placed in position and varied in location and direction

until the maximum is found. The device supports this measurement with the peak hold

feature.

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Chapter 3 Function of the Gaussmeter

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3.2.4 External Static Magnetic Fields

Particularly in sensitive measuring ranges, an external static magnetic field, as e.g. the

Earth’s field, can already become clearly noticeable. These external magnetic fields lead

to a corruption of the measuring result.

To compensate external magnetic stray fields or asymmetries of the Hall probe, the

device can be reset.

For this purpose please hold the measuring probe into a field-free area, e.g. a zero

Gauss chamber, or orient the measuring probe in a free field in east-west direction and

activate the null balance.

The values are stored so that this balancing has to be carried out only in seldom cases.

If the magnetic field is too high during the automatic balancing, the correction is stopped

with an error message.

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Chapter 4 Control Elements and Connections

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4 Control Elements and Connections

4.1 Front Panel Overview

Figure 5 Front Panel











Display Output of the measured value

Status info



ENTER-button



NEXT-button Control of the set-up menu



USB-socket Connection to a PC

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Chapter 4 Control Elements and Connections

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4.2 Ports Overview

Probe Port

(Probe) EIA-232 / EIA-485 Port

24V IO Ports Power

Supply

Network

Port

Figure 6 Ports

Figure Ports Top

ROBE Interface

Probe port Serial port EIA-232 and EIA-485

for PC and control

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Chapter 4 Control Elements and Connections

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4.3 Power Supply

The gaussmeter can be operated at a voltage of 12 V to 24 V DC. The current

consumption is approx. 200 mA at 12 V or approx. 100 mA at 24 V. An electrical

separation does not take place. Please notice that the shielding of the probes (if so,

the metal housing) will be connected with the earth conductor of your control via

this port.

4.4 Probe Connection

The measuring probe is plugged into the probe port ( 8-socket IEC 61076-2-104 )

on the top of the device.

Note

Only use measuring probes which are approved by the manufacturer

to operate with this device.

Note The probe plugs must not be connected to the electric potential, the

protective conductor or the plug shell. If you measure near current

conducting parts, make sure that there is sufficient distance and a

sufficiently good insulation.

Figure 8 Ports Bottom

For add-ons

Interface Power Supply LAN

Do not use Port for PLC

signals

Port for power

supply for the

device and the PLC

signals

RJ45 port for the LAN

connection

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MAGSYS IGM11 User manual

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