Micro Modular Technologies Orion NMEA User manual

Orion NMEA User Manual
GPS Receiver Module
Micro Modular Technologies Pte. Ltd. Page 1 of 25
No. 3, Ubi Avenue 3, #03-02 Crocodile House 408857 Singapore
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [e-mail] www.micro-modular.com
1 Overview
This document describes the format and usage of NMEA messages for Orion GPS navigation
software. It also details the implementation specifics of NMEA input commands and output
sentences supported by Orion.
2 Message Format
Orion NMEA messages conform to the NMEA-0183 Ver. 3.01 (January 1, 2002) standard with
implementation specifics as noted below.
Commands start with a dollar-sign (“$”), followed by “PUNV”, and a comma (“,”). The command text
(which is defined in section 4) comes next, followed by an asterisk (“*”), two-digit hexadecimal
checksum, and the <carriage return> <new line> characters.
Example:
$PUNV,<command>*cc<carriage return><new line>
2.1 Checksum Calculation
In accordance with NMEA-0183, the checksum is calculated by taking the 8 bit exclusive OR of all
characters between (but not including) the “$” and the “*”. The checksum is then appended after the
“*” as a 2 character hexadecimal number.
If a command’s checksum is omitted or illegal the command will be rejected and an error message
issued.
A command with the checksum value “cc” (two lower case “c” characters) will be accepted as valid
(this is primarily used for testing purposes).
2.2 Sentence Termination Delimiter
All sentences end with the sentence termination delimiter <carriage return><new line>. This
combination is “\r\n” in C-language format and hexadecimal ASCII values are 0Dh 0Ah. Both
characters are required for a command to be recognized.
2.3 NMEA Message Sizes
In accordance with NMEA-0183, the maximum number of characters between the starting delimiter
“$” and the terminating <CR><LF> should be 79. That is, the maximum needed buffer size should be
82 for one output sentence.
For input NMEA commands, the maximum size accepted is 128 characters.

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3 Standard NMEA Output Sentences
The following format conventions have been used in accordance with the NMEA standard with
implementation specifics noted:
•When a data field is null, the unit of measure field will also be null.
•Three digits are used for decimal fraction of seconds in UTC time.
•Four digits are used for decimal fraction of minutes in latitude and longitude.
•Two digits are used for Satellite IDs, with a leading zero if necessary.
•DTM: Six digits are used for decimal fraction of latitude and longitude offsets. Two digits are
used for decimal fraction of altitude offset. Datum Subdivision Code is null.
•GGA: UTC starts from zero time and changes to measured time when the fix becomes valid.
Altitude is reported referenced to the ellipsoid, and the Geoidal Separation is null.
•GLL: UTC time field as in GGA.
•GSA: Satellite ID numbers are in the range 00 to 99.
•GSV: No implementation-specific notes.
•RMC: UTC time field as in GGA. Course and Speed over ground as in VTG. Magnetic
Variation is null.
•VTG: Course over ground is reported with 0.1 degree precision, Speed over ground is
reported with 0.1 unit precision for both knots and km/h fields. Magnetic Course is null.
•ZDA: Local zone hours are presented as user has configured. Default is null. The hour zone
is reported with two digits (with leading zero when necessary), and with leading minus sign
when necessary. Local zone minutes are presented as two digits (with leading zero when
necessary) and is always zero or positive. UTC time field as in GGA.
Message ID Description Default
DTM Datum reference N
GGA GPS fix data Y
GLL GPS latitude & longitude N
GSA DOP and active satellites Y
GSV Satellites in view Y
RMC Recommended Minimum GNSS Data Y
VTG Course over ground and ground speed N
ZDA Time, date, & local time zone N
Table 1 – Standard NMEA Output Sentences

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3.1 DTM – Datum reference
This sentence contains the ID of the datum selected, along with configured offsets.
$GPDTM,W84,,0.000000,S,0.000000,W,0.00,W84*50
Name Description Type Example
MsgID DTM Header $GPDTM
DatumID Local Datum ID W84
DatumSubD Datum Subdivision Code <null>
LatOfs Latitude Offset (in minutes) 0.000000
LatDirection N = North
S = South S
LonOfs Longitude Offset (in minutes) 0.000000
LonDirection E = East
W = West W
AltOfs Altitude Offset (in meters) 0.00
RefDatum Reference Datum ID W84
ChkSum Checksum *50
EOL NMEA end of line <CR> <LF>
Table 2 – DTM Sentence Fields
Refer to Section 6 for Datum ID codes.

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3.2 GGA – GPS Fix Data
This sentence contains the position, time and quality of the navigation fix.
See RMC for Fix Status, Fix Mode, Fix Date, Speed, and True Course.
See GSA for Fix Type, PDOP, and VDOP.
$GPGGA,042626.001,3345.7471,N,11750.8451,W,1,04,8.7,32.28,M,,,,*16
Name Description Type Example
MsgID GGA Header $GPGGA
FixTime Fix Time (UTC) hh.mmss.sss 042626.001
Lat Latitude ddmm.mmmm 3345.7471
LatDirection N = North
S = South N
Lon Longitude dddmm.mmmm 11750.8451
LonDirection E = East
W = West W
FixQuality 0 = No fix
1 = Valid Fix 1
SatsUsed Number of satellites in solution 04
HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision 8.7
Alt Altitude (in meters)
(referenced to the Ellipsoid) 32.28
AltUnit Altitude Unit (M = meters) M
GeoSep Geoidal Separation (in meters) <null>
GeoSepUnit Geoidal Separation Unit <null>
DGPSage DGPS age (in seconds) <null>
DGPSstaID DGPS Reference Station ID <null>
ChkSum Checksum *16
EOL NMEA end of line <CR> <LF>
Table 3 – GGA Sentence Fields

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3.3 GLL – Geographic Position – Latitude/Longitude
This sentence contains the fix latitude and longitude.
$GPGLL,3345.7471,N,11750.8451,W,042628.001,A,A*4E
Name Description Type Example
MsgID GLL Header $GPGLL
Lat Latitude ddmm.mmmm 3345.7471
LatDirection N = North
S = South N
Lon Longitude dddmm.mmmm 11750.8451
LonDirection E = East
W = West W
FixTime Fix Time (UTC) hhmmss.sss 042628.001
FixStatus V = No fix
A = Valid Fix A
FixMode N = No Fix
A = Autonomous Mode A
ChkSum Checksum *4E
EOL NMEA end of line <CR> <LF>
Table 4 – GLL Sentence Fields

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3.4 GSA – GNSS DOP and Active Satellites
This sentence contains the mode of operation, type of fix, PRNs of the satellites used in the solution
as well as PDOP, HDOP and VDOP.
$GPGSA,A,3,15,22,18,21,03,14,09,19,16,26,,,1.5,1.0,1.2*3E
Name Description Type Example
MsgID GSA Header $GPGSA
OpMode A = Automatic
M = Manual (not used by Orion) A
FixType 1 = No fix
2 = 2D fix
3 = 3D fix 3
SatID01 SV on channel 01 15
… … …
SatID12 SV on channel 12 <null>
PDOP Position Dilution of Precision 1.5
HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision 1.0
VDOP Vertical Dilution of Precision 1.2
ChkSum Checksum *3E
EOL NMEA end of line <CR> <LF>
Table 5 – GSA Sentence Fields

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3.5 GSV – GNSS Satellites in View
This sentence contains the PRNs, azimuth, elevation, and signal strength of all satellites in view.
$GPGSV,3,1,10,03,37,299,47,09,15,094,41,14,34,193,49,15,68,031,52*72
$GPGSV,3,2,10,16,07,242,42,18,58,025,50,19,08,322,40,21,53,086,52*76
$GPGSV,3,3,10,22,62,292,50,26,06,035,37*70
Name Description Type Example
MsgID GSV Header $GPGSV
NumMsgs Total number of GSV sentences 3
MsgNum Sentence number (of the total) 1
NumSatView Number of satellites in view 10
SatID1 SV on channel 1, 5 or 9 03
Elevation1 Elevation (in degrees) 37
Azimuth1 Azimuth (in degrees True) 299
C/No1 C/No of satellite (in dB-Hz) 47
SatID2 SV on channel 2, 6 or 10 09
Elevation2 Elevation 15
Azimuth2 Azimuth 094
C/No2 C/No of satellite 41
SatID3 SV on channel 3, 7 or 11 14
Elevation3 Elevation 34
Azimuth3 Azimuth 193
C/No3 C/No of satellite 49
SatID4 SV on channel 4, 8 or 12 15
Elevation4 Elevation 68
Azimuth4 Azimuth 031
C/No4 C/No of satellite 52
ChkSum Checksum *72
EOL NMEA end of line <CR> <LF>
Table 6 – GSV Sentence Fields

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3.6 RMC – Recommended Minimum Specific GNSS Data
This sentence contains the recommended minimum fix information.
See GGA for Fix Quality, Sats Used, HDOP, Altitude, Geoidal Separation, and DGPS data.
See GSA for Fix Type, PDOP and VDOP.
$GPRMC,042626.001,A,3345.7471,N,11750.8451,W,0.0,270.0,140707,,,A*77
Name Description Type Example
MsgID RMC Header $GPRMC
FixTime Fix Time (UTC) hhmmss.sss 042626.001
FixStatus V = No fix
A = Valid Fix A
Lat Latitude ddmm.mmmm 3345.7471
LatDirection N = North
S = South N
Lon Longitude dddmm.mmmm 11750.8451
LonDirection E = East
W = West W
Speed Speed (in knots) 0.0
Tcourse True Course (in degrees) 270.0
FixDate Fix Date (UTC) ddmmyy 140707
MagVar Magnetic Variation (in degrees) <null>
MVdirection Magnetic Variation Direction (E/W) <null>
Fix Mode N = No fix
A = Autonomous A
ChkSum Checksum *77
EOL NMEA end of line <CR> <LF>
Table 7 – RMC Sentence Fields

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3.7 VTG – Course Over Ground and Ground Speed
This sentence contains the course and speed of the navigation solution.
$GPVTG,270.0,T,,,0.0,N,0.0,K,A*45
Name Description Type Example
MsgID VTG Header $GPVTG
Tcourse True Course (in degrees) 270.0
ReferenceT T = True T
Mcourse Magnetic Course (in degrees) <null>
ReferenceM M = Magnetic <null>
Speed Speed (in knots) 0.0
UnitN N = Knots (Nautical Miles per Hour) N
SpeedKPH Speed (in Kilometers per Hour) 0.0
UnitK K = KPH K
Mode N = No fix
A = Autonomous A
ChkSum Checksum *45
EOL NMEA end of line <CR> <LF>
Table 8 – VTG Sentence Fields

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3.8 ZDA – Time and Date
This sentence contains UTC date & time, and local time zone offset information.
$GPZDA,042626.001,14,07,2007,,*54
Name Description Type Example
MsgID ZDA Header $GPZDA
Time hhmmss.sss 042626.001
Day Day (UTC) dd 14
Month Month (UTC) mm 07
Year Year (UTC) yyyy 2007
TZH Local Time Zone Offset Hours <null>
TZM Local Time Zone Offset Minutes <null>
ChkSum Checksum *54
EOL NMEA end of line <CR> <LF>
Table 9 – ZDA Sentence Fields

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4 NMEA Input Commands
Orion may not recognize commands if they are input at a rate greater than one per second.
All commands are in upper case unless stated otherwise.
If valid, the CONFIG, STOP, SLEEP, and START commands will be echoed back to the sender and
GETCONFIG will generate a CFG_R response. Otherwise, an error message will be sent.
The commands recognized by Orion are:
Table 10 – Orion NMEA commands
4.1 GETCONFIG Command
The GETCONFIG command allows the user to read the current system configuration.
For details of each field, please refer to the CONFIG command in section 4.2 .
The format of the GETCONFIG command is:
$PUNV,GETCONFIG,<section ID>*cc
4.1.1 Section 00 - Output Configuration
Read the current output configuration:
$PUNV,GETCONFIG,00*41
The response message is:
$PUNV,CFG_R,00,00,0,1000,UART,MASK,*cc
UART = serial bit rate
MASK = NMEA message mask
4.1.2 Section 03 – Time Zone Configuration
Read the current time zone configuration:
$PUNV,GETCONFIG,03*42
The response message is:
$PUNV,CFG_R,03,TZH,TZM*cc
TZH = Time zone offset hours
TZM = Time zone offset minutes
Command Description
GETCONFIG
Read configuration information
CONFIG
Set configuration
STOP
Stop navigation
SLEEP
Stop navigation and enter sleep mode
START
Immediate restart

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4.1.3 Section 13 – Datum Configuration
Read the current datum configuration:
$PUNV,GETCONFIG,13*43
The response message is:
$PUNV,CFG_R,13,Dx,Dy,Dz,Da,Df,Name,ID*cc
Dx, Dy, Dz = Datum Offset values for X, Y, and Z coordinates (in meters).
Da = Datum value for the semi-major axis (in meters).
Df = Datum value for flattening.
Name = Name of the configured datum (see Section 6 for Datum names & IDs)
ID = ID of the configured datum (see Section 6 for Datum names & IDs).
4.1.4 Section 17 - Position Pinning & 2D/3D Startup Configuration
Read the current Position Pinning and 2D/3D start mode configuration:
$PUNV,GETCONFIG,17*47
The response message is:
$PUNV,CFG_R,17,PosThreshold,VelThreshold,2DStartMode*cc
•PosThreshold = Threshold value (meters) for position jump. Position will not be pinned if
this value is reached.
•VelThreshold = Threshold value (meters/second) for position jump. Position will not be
pinned if this value is reached.
•2DStartMode = indicates whether the receiver will initially enter 2D fix mode (using last
navigated altitude) during a restart.
o0: only 3D start is allowed
o3: enable 2D cold start (if no last known good fix) & auto start (with last known good
fix),
4.1.5 Section 09 - Version Number
Read the software version number:
$PUNV,GETCONFIG,09*48
The response message is:
$PUNV,CFG_R,09,OrionVersion,<variable number of fields>*cc
OrionVersion is the Orion version string
The remaining values are hardware configuration values.
Note - This message is also sent at power up and reset.
Example-$PUNV,CFG_R,09,1.2.0-432,UBP_1.0,8130,2,1008,1,3,3000,16367600*58
Example-$PUNV,CFG_R,09,1.2.2-499-U121,UBP_1.0,8130,5,1008,1,3,0,16367600*25

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4.2 CONFIG Command
The CONFIG command allows the user to change the configuration of the system. This configuration
takes effect immediately. It is also stored in non-volatile media and will therefore persist across
power cycles.
The format of the CONFIG command is:
$PUNV,CONFIG,<section id>,<variable number of comma separated fields>*cc
4.2.1 Section 00 - Output Configuration
Set the output configuration:
$PUNV,CONFIG,00,00,0,1000,UART,MASK*cc
Table 11 – Output Configuration Parameters
UART is the UART communication speed in bits per second. All communications use 8 data
bits, no parity, and one stop bit.
MASK is a two-digit hexadecimal number which enables selected output NMEA sentences.
Each NMEA output sentence is assigned a bit in the mask.
Examples:
Only transmit the GSA, GSV, VTG, ZDA, and DTM sentences:
$EC = GSA ($4) + GSV ($8) + VTG ($20) + ZDA ( $40) + DTM(80)
Transmit the default sentences:
$1D = GGA ($1) + GSA ($4) + GSV ($8) + RMC ($10)
•Orion will check the maximum length of NMEA sentences when changing the output
configuration. If the speed is set to 4800 bps and the selected sentences total more than 450
characters, the command will be rejected and an error message issued. If all the specified
sentences are desired, a speed greater than 4800 bps must be selected.
UART communication speed NMEA mask
(UART) (MASK)
4800 = 4800 bps 01 = GGA
9600 = 9600 bps 02 = GLL
14400 = 14400 bps 04 = GSA
19200 = 19200 bps 08 = GSV
38400 = 38400 bps
57600 = 57600 bps 10 = RMC
115200 = 115200 bps 20 = VTG
40 = ZDA
80 = DTM
Default : 4800 Default : 1D

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Examples:
Send all sentences except DTM at 115200 bps:
$PUNV,CONFIG,00,00,0,1000,115200,7F*cc
Change speed to 9600 bps with default output sentences:
$PUNV,CONFIG,00,00,0,1000,9600,1D*70
Disable sending of all NMEA sentences:
$PUNV,CONFIG,00,00,0,1000,4800,0*36
Send the default sentences:
$PUNV,CONFIG,00,00,0,1000,4800,1D*73
4.2.2 Section 03 - Time Zone Offset Configuration
Set the time zone offset:
$PUNV,CONFIG,03,TZH,TZM*cc
Table 12 – Time Zone Offset Configuration Parameters
TZH is the UTC offset in whole hours.
It may be negative, zero, or positive and is generally negative for West longitudes.
TZM is the additional minutes of UTC offset.
It must be zero or positive.
Note that this time zone offset has no effect on the timestamps in NMEA sentences which are always
in UTC.
Examples:
Set the -8 hour time zone (U. S. Pacific Standard Time):
$PUNV,CONFIG,03,-8,0*31
Set the UTC time zone (no offset):
$PUNV,CONFIG,03,0,0*14
Time Zone Offset Hours Time Zone Offset Minutes
(TZH) (TZM)
-11, -10, … , -1, 0, 1, … , 12 0, 15, 30, 45
Default : not set (0) Default : not set (0)

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4.2.3 Section 13/16 - Datum Configuration
a. Set a built-in datum:
$PUNV,CONFIG,16,ID*cc
ID is the ID of the desired datum. See Section 6 for built-in datum codes.
Default is 1 (WGS-84).
b. Set a custom datum configuration:
$PUNV,CONFIG,13,Dx,Dy,Dz,Da,Df,Name,0*cc
Dx, Dy, and Dz are the X, Y, and Z coordinate offsets in meters.
The defaults are 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 .
Da is the semi-major axis in meters. The default is 6378137.
Df is the flattening coefficient. The default is 0.003352810664 .
Name is the name of the datum. Maximum is 8 characters.
Examples:
Select the “TOY-B” (South Korean) datum:
$PUNV,CONFIG,16,211*0E
Select the default datum (WGS-84):
$PUNV,CONFIG,16,1*0D
4.2.4 Section 17 - Position Pinning & 2D/3D Startup
Set position pinning and 2D/3D startup parameters:
$PUNV,CONFIG,17,PosThreshold,VelThreshold,2D/3DStartMode*cc
PosThreshold is the threshold value for position jump. Position pinning will be disabled if
this value is reached.
VelThreshold is the threshold value for velocity calculation. Position pinning will be disabled
if this value is reached.
2DStartMode indicates whether the receiver will enter 2D startup initially during a cold start
based upon last navigated altitude.
Table 13 – 2D/3D Start Mode Configuration Parameter
Example:
Set the default settings:
$PUNV,CONFIG,17,50.0,1.0,3*3A
2D/3D Start Mode
0 = only 3D startup allowed
1 = Reserved. Do not use
2 = Reserved. Do not use
3 = 2D startup is allowed
Default: 3

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4.3 STOP Command
Stop navigation:
$PUNV,STOP*29
4.4 SLEEP Command
Enter the sleep mode:
$PUNV,SLEEP*7E
To wake up from sleep, send a command to the serial port. Since the command will not be executed,
its content is arbitrary. Orion always wakes in the AUTO mode.
If the board design includes an external RTC (please refer to the module Data Sheet), the
SLEEP command can specify a sleep duration. Note that the receiver will wake up on
UART activity or when the duration expires, whichever occurs first.
$PUNV,SLEEP,HH,MM,SS*CC
HH is hours [0 to 24]
MM is minutes [0 to 59]
DD is seconds [0 to 59]
Maximum sleep time is 24,59,59 and minimum is 00,00,05.
Example (sleep for 30 seconds):
$PUNV,SLEEP,00,00,30*cc
4.5 START Commands
Cause an immediate restart:
$PUNV,START,AUTO*52
$PUNV,START,COLD*59
$PUNV,START,WARM*59
$PUNV,START,HOT*0E
$PUNV,START,FAST*5D
The START command will be echoed only after the system has stopped (which takes approximately
one second). Until then Orion will produce navigation data.

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The table below shows which data elements are required for each start mode.
Table 14 – Start Mode Required Data
5 ERR Message
The ERR message is sent as a response to an invalid command. Its format is:
$PUNV,ERR,ID,ERROR,DATA*cc
ID is the section ID which causes the error (05 = NMEA command processor).
ERROR is the error number defined in the section.
DATA is error specific optional data.
ID ERROR Description
5 (NMEA)
1 Illegal command form
5 (NMEA)
2 Illegal command prefix
5 (NMEA)
3 Illegal command
5 (NMEA)
4 Illegal section ID
5 (NMEA)
5 Illegal parameter.
5 (NMEA)
6 Illegal checksum.
5 (NMEA)
7 Illegal message.
Table 15 – Error Codes
Examples of error messages:
Illegal checksum:
$PUNV,ERR,05,00006,00000*5B
Illegal command:
$PUNV,ERR,05,00003,00000*5E
Fast Hot Warm Cold
Almanac + + + -
Ephemeris + + - -
Time accuracy ~10 ms ~300s ~300s -
Last known good fix + + + -

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6 Datum Codes
ID NAME Region of use
0 "000" User defined
1 "WGS84" Global
2 "ADI-M" Ethiopia; Sudan
3 "ADI-E" Burkina Faso
4 "ADI-F" Cameroon
5 "ADI-A" Ethiopia
6 "ADI-C" Mali
7 "ADI-D" Senegal
8 "ADI-B" Sudan
9 "AFG" Somalia
10 "AIN-A" Bahrain
11 "AIN-B" Saudi Arabia
12 "AMA" American Samoa Islands
13 "ANO" Cocos Islands
14 "AIA" Antigua (Leeward Islands)
15 "ARF-A" Botswana
16 "ARF-H" Burundi
17 "ARF-B" Lesotho
18 "ARF-C" Malawi
19 "ARF-M" MEAN FOR Botswana; Lesotho; Malawi; Swaziland; Zaire; Zambia;
Zimbabwe
20 "ARF-D" Swaziland
21 "ARF-E" Zaire
22 "ARF-F" Zambia
23 "ARF-G" Zimbabwe
24 "ARS-M" MEAN FOR Kenya; Tanzania
25 ARS-A Kenya
26 "ARS-B" Tanzania
27 "ASC" Ascension Island
28 "ATF" Iwo Jima
29 "SHB" St Helena Island
30 "TRN" Tern Island
31 "ASQ" Marcus Island
32 "AUA" Australia; Tasmania

Orion NMEA User Manual
GPS Receiver Module
Micro Modular Technologies Pte. Ltd. Page 19 of 25
No. 3, Ubi Avenue 3, #03-02 Crocodile House 408857 Singapore
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [e-mail] www.micro-modular.com
ID NAME Region of use
33 "AUG" Australia; Tasmania
34 "PHA" Djibouti
35 "IBE" Efate & Erromango Islands
36 "BER" Bermuda
37 "BID" Guinea-Bissau
38 "BOO" Colombia
39 "BUR" Indonesia (Bangka & Belitung Ids)
40 "CAZ" Antarctica (McMurdo Camp Area)
41 "CAI" Argentina
42 "CAO" Phoenix Islands
43 "CAP" South Africa
44 "CAC" Bahamas; Florida
45 "CGE" Tunisia
46 "CHI" New Zealand (Chatham Island)
47 "CHU" Paraguay
48 "COA" Brazil
49 "DAL" Guinea
50 "DID" Deception Island; Antarctica
51 "BAT" Indonesia (Sumatra)
52 "GIZ" New Georgia Islands (Gizo Island)
53 "EAS" Easter Island
54 "EST" Estonia
55 "EUR-E" Cyprus
56 "EUR-F" Egypt
57 "EUR-G" England; Channel Islands; Scotland; Shetland Islands
58 "EUR-K" England; Ireland; Scotland; Shetland Islands
59 "EUR-C" Finland; Norway
60 "EUR-B" Greece
61 "EUR-H" Iran
62 "EUR-I" Italy (Sardinia)
63 "EUR-J" Italy (Sicily)
64 "EUR-L" Malta
65 "EUR-M"
MEAN FOR Austria; Belgium; Denmark; Finland; France; W
Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Italy; Luxembourg; Netherlands;
Norway; Portugal; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland
66 "EUR-A" MEAN FOR Austria; Denmark; France; W Germany; Netherlands; Switzerland

Orion NMEA User Manual
GPS Receiver Module
Micro Modular Technologies Pte. Ltd. Page 20 of 25
No. 3, Ubi Avenue 3, #03-02 Crocodile House 408857 Singapore
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] Email: [e-mail] www.micro-modular.com
ID NAME Region of use
67 "EUR-S" MEAN FOR Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia; Syria
68 "EUR-D" Portugal; Spain
69 "EUR-T" Tunisia
70 "EUS" MEAN FOR Austria; Finland; Netherlands; Norway; Spain; Sweden;
Switzerland
71 "FOT" Nevis; St. Kitts (Leeward Islands)
72 "GAA" Republic of Maldives
73 "GEO" New Zealand
74 "GRA" Azores (Faial; Graciosa; Pico; Sao Jorge; Terceira)
75 "GUA" Guam
76 "GSE" Indonesia (Kalimantan)
77 "DOB" Guadalcanal Island
78 "HEN" Afghanistan
79 "HER" Croatia -Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina
80 "HJO" Iceland
81 "HKD" Hong Kong
82 "HTN" Taiwan
83 "IND-B" Bangladesh
84 "IND-I" India; Nepal
85 "IND-P" Pakistan
86 "INF-A" Thailand
87 "ING-B" Vietnam (Con Son Island)
88 "ING-A" Vietnam (Near 16¿N)
89 "INH-A1" Thailand
90 "IDN" Indonesia
91 "IRL" Ireland
92 "ISG" South Georgia Islands
93 "IST" Diego Garcia
94 "JOH" Johnston Island
95 "KAN" Sri Lanka
96 "KEG" Kerguelen Island
97 "KEA" West Malaysia & Singapore
98 "KUS" Caroline Islands
99 "KGS" South Korea
100 "LCF" Cayman Brac Island
101 "LEH" Ghana