Microchip Technology ATAK51005-V1 User manual

ATAN0219
ATAK51005-V1 User's Guide
Introduction
This user’s guide provides setup and usage instructions for the Car Access Reference System (CARS) featuring
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE), Passive Entry/Passive Start (PEPS), Ultra-Wideband (UWB) distance measurement
and vehicle Immobilizer (IMMO) functionality, based on the Microchip’s GEN2 communication protocols. It offers a
complete car access system for various car access products and its evaluation. The reference designs are both
scalable and configurable through either the PC application or source code modifications, enabling adaptation of
the basic hardware and software building blocks to meet the most recent requirements for specialized systems. For
example, the UWB reference design board is not required if the UWB functionality is not being evaluated.
Features
• Full Car Access System Capability:
– Vehicle IMMO
– Multichannel RF RKE
– LF PEPS
– Identifying relay attack with UWB distance measurement
• Open System Software:
– Open Immobilizer Protocol (OIP) immobilizer stack using AES-128
– RKE RF rolling code using AES-128
– PEPS protocol with a high-precision 3D localization using AES-128
– Scalable and configurable
– PC Graphical User Interface (GUI) for system visualization and viewing data communication
• Body Computer Emulation using the SAMC21J18A XplainedPro (XPRO) Evaluation Board
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
User Guide DS50003051B-page 1

Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1
Features ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
1. Quick References....................................................................................................................................4
1.1. Reference Documentation............................................................................................................4
1.2. Hardware Prerequisites................................................................................................................4
1.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations........................................................................................................4
2. Kit Overview............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1. Immobilizer Block......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. RKE Block.................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3. PEPS Block.................................................................................................................................. 7
2.4. UWB Block................................................................................................................................... 7
3. Kit Setup..................................................................................................................................................8
4. CARS Kit PC Evaluation Utility............................................................................................................. 10
4.1. Programming Kit Software......................................................................................................... 10
4.2. Determining the ATSAMC21-XPRO Virtual COM Port Number.................................................10
4.3. COM Port and Baud Rate Settings.............................................................................................11
4.4. Initial Configuration of the CARS Kit PC Evaluation Utility ........................................................ 11
5. System Operation................................................................................................................................. 13
5.1. Immobilizer Operation................................................................................................................ 13
5.2. Remote Keyless Entry Operation............................................................................................... 14
5.2.1. RKE Operation.............................................................................................................14
5.3. PEPS Operation......................................................................................................................... 15
5.3.1. System Configuration Window Overview.....................................................................16
5.3.2. PEPS Message Status Window Overview...................................................................19
5.3.3. Identifying FOBS within LF Range...............................................................................20
5.3.4. Fob Calibration Overview............................................................................................ 21
5.3.5. Fob Calibration Process ............................................................................................. 22
5.3.6. PEPS Wake-up Functionality.......................................................................................30
5.3.7. PEPS Communication................................................................................................. 31
5.3.8. UWB Communication.................................................................................................. 33
5.4. UWB Operation.......................................................................................................................... 34
6. Programming Instructions..................................................................................................................... 36
6.1. Programming the ATA5702 on the ATAB5702A Fob Board....................................................... 36
6.2. Programming the ATA5831 on the ATA5831-XPRO Board........................................................38
6.3. Programming the SAMC21J18A on the ATSAMC21-XPRO Board........................................... 40
7. XPRO USB Driver Installation...............................................................................................................43
8. Document Revision History...................................................................................................................44
The Microchip Website.................................................................................................................................45
ATAN0219
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
User Guide DS50003051B-page 2

Product Change Notification Service............................................................................................................45
Customer Support........................................................................................................................................ 45
Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature................................................................................................ 45
Legal Notice................................................................................................................................................. 45
Trademarks.................................................................................................................................................. 46
Quality Management System....................................................................................................................... 47
Worldwide Sales and Service.......................................................................................................................48
ATAN0219
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
User Guide DS50003051B-page 3

1. Quick References
1.1 Reference Documentation
For further details, refer to the following:
•ATAN0088 Open Source Immobilizer Protocol Stack Application Note (9195)
•ATAN0074 Microchip Passive Entry/Passive Start System Application Note
•ATAN0014 RF System Architecture Considerations Application Note (9256)
•AVR411: Secure Rolling Code Algorithm for Wireless Link Application Note (2600)
•AN3523: ATA5350 UWB Transceiver Security Considerations Application Note (DS00003523)
1.2 Hardware Prerequisites
• Vehicle-side boards
– One ATSAMC21-XPRO microcontroller board
– One ATA5291-XPRO or ATA5293-XPRO LF coil driver with built-in immobilizer base station board
• ATA5291-XPRO: One ATAB-LFTX-V4.0 LF antenna module (can be configured as an inductive load
needed for the immobilizer)
• ATA5293-XPRO: One X-10013-002 antenna. One X-10013-003 antenna (optional)
– One ATA5831-XPRO RF transceiver board
– One ATA8352 XPRO UWB transceiver board (optional)
• Fob and transponder
– One ATAB5702A-V2.3B RF transmitter with 3D LF PEPS and 3D LF immobilizer transponder board
– One ATA8352-XPRO UWB transceiver board (optional)
• Other accessories
– One Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Sub-Miniature A (SMA) whip antenna (included with ATA5831-XPRO
board)
– One USB cable
– One DC plug to banana plugs adapter cable (included with the ATA5291-XPRO board)
– Two UWB PCB antennas (optional)
Note: The ATAB5702A fob board requires a CR2032 lithium battery for operation, which is not provided.
1.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Table 1-1. Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations Description
CARS Car Access Reference System
CSV Comma Separated Variable
EOL End-of-Line
GUI Graphical User Interface
IMMO Immobilizer
MAC Message Authentication Code
OIP Open Immobilizer Protocol
PEPS Passive Entry/Passive Start
ATAN0219
Quick References
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
User Guide DS50003051B-page 4

...........continued
Acronyms and Abbreviations Description
RKE Remote Keyless Entry
SMA Sub-Miniature A
ToF Time of Flight
UA Unidirectional Authentication
UID Unique ID
UWB Ultra-Wideband
UHF Ultra High Frequency
ATAN0219
Quick References
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
User Guide DS50003051B-page 5

2. Kit Overview
This section describes the different blocks supported by the CARS.
Figure 2-1. CARS System Block Diagram
Main
Controller
Board
(SAMC21)
(ATA5702)
3D LF PEPS
and
3D LF
Transponder
LF Link
(125kHz)
LF Immobilizer Link
(125kHz)
Fob Vehicle
SPI
UWB Verifier
(ATA8352)
SPI
UWB Prover
(ATA8352)
UWB Link
(6520 MHz)
UHF Link
(433.92 MHz)
RF Transmitter
RF Receiver
(ATA5831)
Immobilizer
Basestation and
LF Coil Driver
(ATA5291/3)
SPI
SPI
2.1 Immobilizer Block
The immobilizer is considered the system foundation because it must always work, even if the fob battery is dead,
and secures a vehicle against unauthorized engine starts. It consists of a base station, placed in the vehicle, that
provides the LF (125 kHz) magnetic field enabling a wireless link with the transponder in the fob to be established.
This LF immobilizer link is used to exchange the power supply and digital data between the vehicle and the passive
transponder.
The implemented immobilizer system supports Microchip’s OIP, which consists of an open/unlicensed protocol stack
based on AES-128 encryption. First, the ReadUID command is sent to the fob. The fob has to decode the ReadUID
command and respond with its Unique ID (UID) value. If the received UID value is correct (matches the stored UID),
the start authentication command is issued and challenge data is sent to the fob based on the authentication type
(unilateral or bilateral). The fob receives the challenge, performs the encryption and sends a ciphered response back.
This response is received by the base station and verified to complete the authentication process.
Notes:
1. The fob is a receive-only device; therefore, the ciphered response back to the base station is accomplished by
loading/unloading the magnetic field to encode the data.
2. For more details on the OIP protocol, refer to the ATAN0088 Open Source Immobilizer Protocol Stack
Application Note (9195).
2.2 RKE Block
RKE functionality provides the means to lock or unlock and even start the vehicle from a long distance with a fob
carried by the user. The system consists of an RF receiver in the vehicle and an RF transmitter in the fob. Unlike the
immobilizer operation, the RKE operation requires a battery (CR2032 or equivalent) to be inserted in the fob.
ATAN0219
Kit Overview
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
User Guide DS50003051B-page 6

The implemented RKE system supports Microchip messaging protocol (AVR411), which consists of a unidirectional
UHF link that is secured based on an AES-128 rolling code algorithm. The message contains information that is used
to verify the identity and authenticity of the user and the intended action (command code).
Note: RF and UHF are used interchangeably in this document. For more details on the RKE protocol, refer to the
AVR411: Secure Rolling Code Algorithm for Wireless Link Application Note.
2.3 PEPS Block
PEPS functionality provides the user with a means to lock/unlock and start a vehicle just by having the electronic
fob with them, without the need to actively interact with it. It consists of an LF coil driver placed in the vehicle, which
generates a strong magnetic field on multiple (optional) LF PEPS antennas.
The passive fob implemented in the PEPS system can wake up on this LF field and receive the incoming data via
the unidirectional LF link. The fob also measures the strength of the magnetic field, which is used to determine the
position of the fob relative to the vehicle (outside or inside). Then, it encrypts the received challenge data (using AES)
and returns the correct cipher response, together with the positioning information, to the vehicle via the unidirectional
UHF link.
Note: For more details on the PEPS protocol, refer to the ATAN0074 Microchip Passive Entry/Passive Start System
Application Note.
2.4 UWB Block
UWB functionality provides the means to detect if a relay attack is occurring between the vehicle and fob by
performing a Time of Flight (ToF) distance measurement during every PEPS operation.
A relay attack is detected when the vehicle initiates a PEPS command, such as lock, start and more, which wakes
up the fob via the LF link. After receiving the LF data, the fob, which is configured as a UWB verifier, initiates the
ToF distance measurement with the vehicle, which is configured as a UWB prover. After the vehicle responds to the
fob using the UWB link, the fob performs the ToF distance measurement. If the measured distance, sent within the
PEPS message to the vehicle via the unidirectional UHF link, is beyond the configured distance threshold, then a
relay attack error message displays within the GUI. The same is true if there is no UWB message response from the
fob.
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Kit Overview
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
User Guide DS50003051B-page 7

3. Kit Setup
Perform the following steps to set up the ATAK51005-V1 kit:
1. On the ATSAMC21-XPRO microcontroller board, ensure that the VCC-SEL jumper is set to the 5.0V position.
2. If using the ATA5291-XPRO board, perform the following actions; otherwise, skip to step 3.
– Insert the ATA5291-XPRO LF coil driver/immobilizer board in the EXT3 connector on the ATSAMC21-
XPRO board.
– Connect the ATAB-LFTX LF antenna module to Ant0 on the ATA5291-XPRO board.
– Ensure that the J1 jumper on the LF antenna module is set to the inductor only ( ) position, and go
to step 4.
Note: For use of the antenna on the Ant1-7 connectors, ensure that the jumper on the LF antenna
module is set to the LCR position.
3. If using the ATA5293-XPRO, perform the following actions:
– Insert the ATA5293-XPRO LF coil driver/immobilizer board in the EXT3 connector on the ATSAMC21-
XPRO board.
– Connect the X-10013-002 antenna to Ant0 on the ATA5293-XPRO board.
Note: For use of the Ant1-5 and 8 connectors, the X-10013-003 antenna is required.
ATAN0219
Kit Setup
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
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User Guide DS50003051B-page 8

Figure 3-1. ATAK51005-V1 Kit Setup
ATA5291-XPRO Board
ATSAMC21-XPRO Board
ATA5831-XPRO Board
ATAB-LFTX LF Antenna Module
UHF SMA Whip Antenna
ATAB5702A Fob Board
4. Insert the ATA5831-XPRO RF transceiver board in the EXT1 connector on the ATSAMC21-XPRO board.
5. Connect the UHF SMA whip antenna to the ATA5831-XPRO board at the ANT2 SMA connector.
6. If UWB functionality is being evaluated, perform the following actions; otherwise, skip to step 7.
– Insert the ATA8352-XPRO UWB transceiver board in the EXT2 connector on the ATSAMC21-XPRO
board.
– Connect the UWB PCB antenna to the ATA8352-XPRO board.
– Connect the UWB board to the EXT2 connector on ATAB5702A fob board.
– Connect the UWB PCB antenna to the UWB XPRO board.
7. Connect the 12V DC power supply to the power socket (J11) on the ATA5291-XPRO board using the DC plug
adapter cable.
Notes:
• Always unplug the adapter cable and the USB cable prior to inserting or removing any boards within the system.
• Always remove the battery from the fob board prior to inserting or removing any boards.
ATAN0219
Kit Setup
© 2020-2022 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
User Guide DS50003051B-page 9

4. CARS Kit PC Evaluation Utility
This section describes the programming and configuration settings for using the CARS kit PC evaluation utility.
Note: The latest version of the utility is available for download at www.microchip.com/developmenttools/
ProductDetails/ATAK51005-V1.
4.1 Programming Kit Software
Program all the individual boards that comprise the kit prior to use. For more details, refer to 6. Programming
Instructions.
4.2 Determining the ATSAMC21-XPRO Virtual COM Port Number
The system software consists of a CARS kit PC evaluation utility, which runs on a host PC and communicates with
the ATSAMC21-XPRO board via the virtual COM port. Install the USB driver (Windows 10 and later) to support the
ATSAMC21-XPRO virtual COM port via a USB connection (see 7. XPRO USB Driver Installation).
Perform the following steps for determining the ATSAMC21-XPRO virtual COM port number:
1. Connect the micro-USB plug to the USB connector on the ATSAMC21-XPRO board.
2. Connect the other end of the USB cable to an open USB port on the PC. Open the Windows Device Manager
on the PC.
3. Expand the “Ports (COM & LPT)” menu, then note the COM port assigned to the “EDBG Virtual COM Port”.
In this example, COM17 is used while connecting the CARS kit evaluation utility program to the ATSAMC21-
XPRO board.
Figure 4-1. Virtual COM Port Assignment
ATAN0219
CARS Kit PC Evaluation Utility
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User Guide DS50003051B-page 10