MikroTik RouterBOARD 493/AH/G User manual

RouterBOARD 493/AH/G
User's Manual
(1-Sep-2011)
Copyright and Warranty Information
Copyright a d Trademarks. Copyright MikroTikls SIA. This ma ual co tai s i formatio protected by
copyright law. No part of it may be reproduced or tra smitted i a y form without prior writte permissio
from the copyright holder. RouterBOARD, RouterOS, RouterBOOT a d MikroTik are trademarks of MikroTikls
SIA. All trademarks a d registered trademarks appeari g i this ma ual are the property of their respective
holders.
Hardware. MikroTik warra ts all RouterBOARD series equipme t for the term of fiftee (15) mo ths from
the shippi g date to be free of defects i materials a d workma ship u der ormal use a d service, except
i case of damage caused by mecha ical, electrical or other accide tal or i te ded damages caused by
improper use or due to wi d, rai , fire or other acts of ature.
To retur failed u its to MikroTik, you must perform the followi g RMA (Retur Mercha dise Authorizatio )
procedure. Follow the i structio s below to save time, efforts, avoid costs, a d improve the speed of the
RMA process.
1. If you have purchased your product from a MikroTik Reseller, please co tact the Reseller compa y
regardi g all warra ty a d repair issues, the followi g i structio s apply ONLY if you purchased your
equipme t directly from MikroTik i Latvia.
2. MikroTik does ot offer repairs for products that are ot covered by warra ty. Exceptio s ca be made
for: RB/1000, RB/1000U, RB/600, RB/600A a d RB/800
3. Out-of-warra ty devices a d devices ot covered by warra ty se t to Mikrotik will be retur ed to the
se der at se der's cost.
RMA I structio s are located o our webpage here: http://rma.mikrotik.com
Ma ual. This ma ual is provided “as is” without a warra ty of a y ki d, expressed or implied, i cludi g, but
ot limited to, the implied warra ty of mercha tability a d fit ess for a particular purpose. The ma ufacturer
has made every effort to e sure the accuracy of the co te ts of this ma ual, however, it is possible that it
may co tai tech ical i accuracies, typographical or other errors. No liability is assumed for a y i accuracy
fou d i this publicatio , or for direct or i direct, i cide tal, co seque tial or other damages that may
result from such a i accuracy, i cludi g, but ot limited to, loss of data or profits. Please report a y
i accuracies fou d to [email protected]

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
Table of Contents
Copyright a d Warra ty I formatio
.................................................................................................................................................... 1
System Board View......................................................................................................................... 3
System Board Layout....................................................................................................................... 3
Hardware Guide.............................................................................................................................. 5
Exte sio Slots...................................................................................................................... 5
Mi iPCI Slots................................................................................................................. 5
I put/Output Ports..................................................................................................................5
LAN1 Port with PoE......................................................................................................... 5
DB9 Serial Port.............................................................................................................. 5
Cooli g Fa Co ectors................................................................................................... 5
USB............................................................................................................................. 5
LEDs..................................................................................................................................... 5
Power LED.................................................................................................................... 5
User LED...................................................................................................................... 5
User's Guide................................................................................................................................... 6
Assembli g the Hardware........................................................................................................ 6
Poweri g............................................................................................................................... 6
Booti g optio s...................................................................................................................... 6
O board NAND Storage Device........................................................................................ 6
Booti g from etwork..................................................................................................... 6
Operati g System Support....................................................................................................... 7
MikroTik RouterOS......................................................................................................... 7
RouterBOOT................................................................................................................................... 7
Boot Loader Co figuratio ........................................................................................................ 7
Co figurable Optio s...................................................................................................... 7
Boot Loader Upgradi g............................................................................................................ 8
Primary Boot Loader............................................................................................................... 8
RouterOS o RouterBOARD 493......................................................................................................... 8
Health mo itor....................................................................................................................... 8
Firware i formatio ................................................................................................................. 8
Firmware Setti gs...................................................................................................................9
Software Reset....................................................................................................................... 9
Appe dix...................................................................................................................................... 10
Co ector I dex................................................................................................................... 10
Butto I dex........................................................................................................................ 10
Ether et Cables.................................................................................................................... 11
Serial Null-modem (Co sole) Cable with Loopback..................................................................... 11
2

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
ystem Board View
ystem Board Layout
3

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
RouterBOARD 493 RB493AH RB493G
CPU AR7130 300MHz AR7161 680MHz AR7161 680MHz
Memory 64MB DDR SDRAM 128MB DDR SDRAM 256MB DDR SDRAM
Ethernet
Ni e 10/100 Mbit/s Fast
Ether et ports supporti g
Auto-MDI/X
Ni e 10/100 Mbit/s Fast
Ether et ports supporti g
Auto-MDI/X
Ni e 10/100/1000 Mbit/s
Gigabit Ether et ports
supporti g Auto-MDI/X
witch chip ICPlus178C ICPlus178C 2x AR8316
MiniPCI slot Three Mi iPCI Type IIIA/IIIB
slots
Three Mi iPCI Type
IIIA/IIIB slots
Three Mi iPCI Type IIIA/IIIB
slots
erial port O e DB9 RS232C
asy chro ous serial port
O e DB9 RS232C
asy chro ous serial port
O e DB9 RS232C
asy chro ous serial port
U B - - 1x USB 2.0
o powered, i jector required
LEDs Power a d User LED Power a d User LED Power a d User LED
Beeper Yes Yes Yes
- - 1x microSD
Power
Power over Ether et:
10..28V DC (except power
over datali es)
Power jack: 10..28V DC
Power over Ether et:
10..28V DC (except power
over datali es)
Power jack: 10..28V DC
Power over Ether et: 10..28V
DC (except power over
datali es)
Power jack: 10..28V DC
Fan control
Two DC fa power output
headers with rotatio se sor
a d automatic fa switchi g
(maximum output curre t -
500mA total)
Two DC fa power output
headers with rotatio
se sor a d automatic fa
switchi g (maximum
output curre t - 500mA
total)
Two DC fa power output
headers with rotatio se sor
a d automatic fa switchi g
(maximum output curre t -
500mA total)
Dimensions 105 mm x 160 mm 105 mm x 160 mm 105 mm x 160 mm
Weight 140 g 140 g 160 g
Temperature Operatio al: -20°C to
+65°C (-4°F to 149°F)
Operatio al: -20°C to
+65°C (-4°F to 149°F)
Operatio al: -20°C to +65°C
(-4°F to 149°F)
Humidity
Operatio al: up to 70%
relative humidity ( o -
co de si g)
Operatio al: up to 70%
relative humidity ( o -
co de si g)
Operatio al: up to 70%
relative humidity ( o -
co de si g)
Power
consumption
~3W without exte sio
cards, maximum – 25W
(18W output to exte sio
cards)
~3W without exte sio
cards, maximum – 25W
(18W output to exte sio
cards)
~3W without exte sio cards,
maximum – 25W (18W output
to exte sio cards)
4

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
Hardware Guide
Extension Slots
MiniPCI Slots
The board has three Mi iPCI Type IIIA slots with 3.3V o ly power sig ali g. They also accept Mi iPCI Type
IIIB sta dard cards.
Supplied power for the exte sio cards (excludi g CPU a d o board Ether et ports):
+3.3V: 5.5A max
Input/Output Ports
LAN1 Port with PoE
This Fast Ether et port is recog ized as the first LAN i terface. It is compatible with passive ( o -sta dard)
Power over Ether et. The board accepts voltage i put from 10 to 28 V DC. It is suggested to use the higher
voltage for power over lo g cables because of better efficie cy (less power is lost i the cable itself a d
power supply is more efficie t).
A Gigabit PoE i jector is required to power RB493G.
See Connector Index for pi out of the sta dard cable required for PoE. All cables made to EIA/TIA 568A/B
cable specificatio s will work correctly with PoE. Note that this port supports automatic cross/straight cable
correctio (Auto MDI/X), so you ca use either straight or cross-over cable for co ecti g to other etwork
devices.
D 9 Serial Port
The RS232C sta dard male DB9 asy chro ous serial port may be used for i itial co figuratio , or for
attachi g a modem or a y other RS232 serial device. TxD (pi 3) of this port has -5V DC power whe idle.
Some sig als are ot co ected, so this impleme tatio may ot be co sidered to support full hardware
flow-co trol, so software flow-co trol (XON/XOFF) or o e at all should be used.
Cooling Fan Connectors
You ca co ect up to four fa s to the RouterBOARD RB493, but o ly two of them will work at a time.
JP1,JP2 are 3,3V. JP3,JP4 is the same voltage as received by the power jack. You ca o ly use o e pair of
fa s (ie. JP1 + JP2 or JP3 + JP4). It is recomme ded to use a 12V PSU for the RB device, a d JP3,JP4
headers with 12V cooli g fa s.
US
RB493G features o e USB 2.0 port. This port is ot powered, this mea s that all co ected devices require a
USB power i jector to be used. For example: http://www.routerboard.com/i dex.php?showProduct=99
LEDs
Power LED
Power LED is o whe the board is powered.
User LED
User LED may be programmed at user's optio . It is lit by default whe the board starts up, the it is tur ed
off whe the bootloader ru s ker el.
5

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
User's Guide
Assembling the Hardware
First to use the board:
●I sert Mi iPCI cards;
●I stall the board i a case a d co ect a te a wires, if eeded;
●Co ect other peripherals a d cables.
It is recomme ded to co ect all the a te a cables to the mi iPCI cards before poweri g the device.
Powering
Power optio s:
●Power jack:
10..28V DC (cut-off voltage - 30V)
●Power over Ether et (PoE) o the LAN1 Ether et port:
10..28V DC (18..28 V suggested; cut-off voltage - 30V) o -sta dard PoE poweri g support
The board has a direct-i put power jack (5.5mm outside a d 2mm i side diameter, female, pi positive
plug) a d ca as well be powered with PoE. All power i puts are always active, but o ly o e should be used
at the same time.
RouterBOARD 493 series boards are equipped with a reliable 25W o board power supply with overvoltage
protectio . 12..28 V DC i put voltages are accepted, but whe powered over lo g cables, it is suggested to
use at least 18V. The system is tested with 24V solar/wi d/RV systems with 27.6 charge voltage.
Overvoltage protection starts from about 28.1V-29V ±delta (depe ds o some part physical optio s,
works up to 60V), so the board will ot be damaged if co ected to a 48 or 60 V power li e.
RouterBOARD 493 series boards are compatible with o -sta dard (passive) Power over Ether et i jectors
(except power over datali es) a d accept poweri g over up to 100m (330 ft) lo g Ether et cable co ected
to the Ether et port (J8). The board does not work with IEEE802.3af complia t 48V power i jectors.
If usi g PoE, RB493G should be powered o ly with a special Gigabit power i jector.
The maximum output of the power supply to the exte sio cards is ormally at about 5.5A.
ooting options
First, RouterBOOT loader is started. It displays some useful i formatio o the o board RS232C
asy chro ous serial port, which is set to 115200bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, o parity by default. The loader
may be co figured to boot the system from the o board NAND module or from Ether et etwork. See the
respective sectio of this ma ual for how to co figure booti g seque ce a d other boot loader parameters.
Onboard NAND Storage Device
The RouterBOARD may be started from the o board NAND storage chip. As there is o partitio table o the
device, the boot loader assumes the first 4MiB form a YAFFS filesystem, a d executes the file called “ker el”
stored i the root directory o that partitio . It is possible to partitio the rest of the medium by patchi g
the ker el source.
ooting from network
Network boot works similarly to PXE or EtherBoot protocol, a d allows you to boot a RouterBOARD 493
series computer from a executable image stored o a TFTP server. It uses BOOTP or DHCP (co figurable i
boot loader) protocol to get a valid IP address, a d TFTP protocol to dow load a executable (ELF) ker el
image combi ed with the i itial RAM disk (i serted as a ELF sectio ) to boot from (the TFTP server's IP
address a d the image ame must be se t by the BOOTP/DHCP server).
To boot the RouterBOARD computer from Ether et etwork you eed the followi g:
●A ELF ker el image for the loader to boot from (you ca embed the ker el parameters a d i itrd
image as ELF sectio s called kernparm a d initrd respectively)
●A TFTP server which to dow load the image from
●A BOOTP/DHCP server (may be i stalled o the same machi e as the TFTP server) to give a IP
6

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
address, TFTP server address a d boot image ame
See the RouterBOOT sectio o how to co figure loader to boot from etwork.
Note that you must co ect the RouterBOARD you wa t to boot, a d the BOOTP/DHCP a d TFTP servers to
the same broadcast domai (i.e., there must ot be a y routers betwee them).
Operating System Support
MikroTik RouterOS
MikroTik RouterOS, starti g from v4.13, is fully compatible with RouterBOARD 493 series embedded boards.
RouterBOOT
The RouterBOOT firmware (also referred as boot loader here) provides mi imal fu ctio ality to boot a
Operati g System. It supports serial co sole via the o board serial port at the boot time. The loader
supports booti g from the o board NAND device a d from a etwork server (see the respective sectio for
details o this protocol).
oot Loader Configuration
Loader parameters may be co figured through the o board RS232C DB9 asy chro ous serial i terface. To
co ect to it, use a sta dard ull-modem cable. By default, the port is set to 115200bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop
bit, o parity. Note that the device does ot fully impleme t the hardware (RTS/CTS) flow co trol, so it is
suggested to try to disable hardware flow co trol i the termi al emulatio program i case the serial
co sole does ot work as expected, a d if it does ot help, make a ew cable usi g the pi out give i the
Appe dix.
To e ter the loader co figuratio scree , press a y key (or o ly [Delete] key (or [Backspace] key – see the
ote for the respective co figurable optio ), depe di g o the actual co figuratio ) just after the boot loader
is aski g for it:
RouterBOOT booter 2.9
RouterBoard 493
CPU frequency: 333 MHz
Memory ize: 64 MB
Pre any key within 2 econd to enter etup
RouterBOOT-2.9
What do you want to configure?
d - boot delay
k - boot key
- erial con ole
o - boot device
f - cpu frequency
r - re et configuration
e - format nand
g - upgrade firmware
i - board info
p - boot protocol
t - do memory te ting
x - exit etup
your choice:
To select a me u poi t, press the key writte at the begi i g of this li e. Pressi g [E ter] selects the optio
marked with '*'.
Configurable Options
boot delay – how much time to wait for a key stroke while booti g (1..9 seco ds; 2 second by default).
boot key – which key will cause the loader to e ter co figuratio mode duri g boot delay (a y key |
<Delete> key o ly; any key by default). Note that i some serial termi al programs, it is impossible to use
7

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
the [Delete] key to e ter the setup – i this case it might be possible to do this with the [Backspace] key.
serial console – to co figure i itial serial co sole bitrate (1200 | 2400 | 4800 | 9600 | 19200 | 38400 |
57600 | 115200; 115200 bps by default).
cpu-frequency – CPU freque cy (266MHz | 333MHz; 333MHz by default o RB493. O RB493AH/G also
available 680MHz a d 800MHz. 680MHz default).
boot device – i itial boot device (boot over Ether et | boot from NAND | boot Ether et o ce, the NAND;
boot from NAND by default). You ca also select boot chosen device optio to boot from the device
selected immediately, without savi g the setti g.
reset configuration – whether to reset all the boot loader setti gs to their respective default values (yes |
o; no by default).
format nand – perform a low-level NAND format. Duri g this operatio , all previously marked bad sectors
are retested to fi d out if they are faulty i deed.
upgrade firmware – receive a ew boot loader image usi g XModem protocol over serial li e or usi g
DHCP/BOOTP a d TFTP protocols through the Ether et etwork (upgrade firmware over ether et | upgrade
firmware over serial port).
board info – pri ts the serial umber, boot loader versio , CPU freque cy, memory size a d MAC addresses
of the o board Ether et ports
boot protocol – etwork booti g protocol (bootp protocol | dhcp protocol; bootp protocol by default).
do memory testing – performs a full memory test.
oot Loader Upgrading
The boot loader is eeded to i itialize all the hardware a d boot the system up. Newer loader versio s might
have support for more hardware, so it's ge erally a good idea to upgrade the loader o ce a ewer versio is
available. You ca upgrade the loader through the o board serial port usi g XModem protocol (programs
available for all major OSs). For example, you ca use HyperTermi al for Wi dows or Mi icom for Li ux to
upload the boot loader. Alter atively if you have a DHCP/BOOTP a d TFTP servers available, you ca specify
the loader image as a boot image a d choose the bios upgrade over ethernet optio i the boot loader
co figuratio me u. The loader will get the image from the TFTP server a d upgrade itself. The most curre t
loader image is available for dow load o www.routerboard.com.
The boot loader upgradi g is supported also from MikroTik RouterOS. The procedure is described i the
MikroTik RouterOS ma ual.
Primary oot Loader
There are two boot loaders prese t o the NOR flash memory chip. Seco dary is the mai o e, that is
executed by default. This is the o e that ca be upgraded. I case somethi g goes wro g i the upgrade
process, or you have set some i correct setti gs that re der it u usable, you ca load the Primary boot
loader by holdi g the Software Reset 1 butto ( 1) or jumper (JP301), co ecti g the power, a d the
releasi g the butto /jumper. The Primary boot loader has the default setti gs, which ca ot be cha ged. It
is also ot possible to upgrade it.
RouterO on RouterBOARD 493
Health monitor
This me u shows the curre t i put voltage a d fa status.
[admin@MikroTik] > y tem health print
fan-mode: manual
u e-fan: main
active-fan: main
voltage: 18.8
[admin@MikroTik] >
fan-mode – whether to use automatic fa failover (auto | ma ual; manual by default).
use-fan – which fa to use i ma ual mode (mai | auxiliary; main by default).
8

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
Firware information
This me u displays RouterBOARD model umber, serial umber, the curre t boot loader versio a d the
versio available i the curre t software packages i stalled.
[admin@MikroTik] > y tem routerboard print
routerboard: ye
model: "493"
erial-number: "154201C1DD3C"
current-firmware: "2.16"
upgrade-firmware: "2.16"
[admin@MikroTik] >
The firmware versio ca be upgraded usi g “/system routerboard upgrade” comma d, if a ew
firmware file has bee uploaded to the RouterOS “Files” me u. Also ew firmware is prese t i the
routerboard. pk package, which is usually i stalled by default. I this case ew firmware becomes available
after a software upgrade. Availability of ew BootLoader versio s is displayed i “upgrade-firmware”
Firmware Settings
Boot loader setti gs are also accessible through this me u.
[admin@MikroTik] > y tem routerboard etting print
baud-rate: 115200
boot-delay: 2
boot-device: nand-if-fail-then-ethernet
enter- etup-on: any-key
cpu-frequency: 680MHz
boot-protocol: bootp
enable-jumper-re et: ye
[admin@MikroTik] >
The Software Reset 2 butto (TP2) butto , which resets both boot loader setti gs a d RouterOS setti g by
default, ca be disabled i this me u (it will still reset the boot loader setti gs).
Software Reset
It is possible to reset all software co figuratio by short-circuiti g the reset-hole duri g the power-up (see
ROS reset i layout diagram). No co firmatio or passwords will be asked, so use with cautio . This feature
ca be disabled i the “system routerboard settings” me u by switchi g the “enable-jumper-reset”
parameter to “no”.
9

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
Appendix
Connector Index
RS232C male DB9 serial port
2 RxD (Receive Data)
3 TxD (Tra smit Data)
5 GND
7 RTS (Request to Se d)
8 CTS (Clear to Se d)
Mi iPCI Type type IIIA/B co ector 1 (lowest)
Mi iPCI Type type IIIA/B co ector 2 (middle)
Mi iPCI Type type IIIA/B co ector 3 (top)
RJ45 Fast Ether et 100Base-TX port LAN1 with passive PoE exte sio
RJ45 Fast Ether et 100Base-TX port LAN2-9 ( o PoE)
Power jack (10..28 V DC, positive co tact is the ce tral pi )
Two DC Fa 3.3V co ectors (alter ati g)
1 GND
2 +3.3 V DC
3 Rotatio speed feedback
Two DC Fa Li e co ectors (alter ati g)
1 GND
2 +12/+24 V DC (same as i put voltage)
3 Rotatio speed feedback
O e USB 2.0 (RB493G o ly)
utton Index
S3 Software Reset 1 butto . Loads the Primary boot loader
RESET Software Reset 2 jumper. Resets RouterOS setti gs
Ethernet Cables
Note: When using the MikroTik Gigabit PoE injector, PoE is passed on pins 4,5 (+ and 7,8 (- .When using
other PoE injectors, power can be passed on any other pins, depending on PoE injector model.
RJ45
Pin
Color Function
(100Mbit)
Function
(1Gbit)
RJ45 pin for traight cable
(MDI, EIA/TIA568A)
RJ45 pin for Crossover cable
(MDI-X, EIA/TIA568B)
1 Gree TX+ Data Data A+ 1 3
2 Gree /White TX- Data Data A- 2 6
3 Ora ge RX+ Data Data B+ 3 1
4 Blue - Data C+ 4 4
5 Blue/White - Data C- 5 5
6 Ora ge/White RX- Data Data B- 6 2
7 Brow - Data D+ 7 7
8 Brow /White - Data D- 8 8
10

RouterBOARD 493 Series User's Ma ual
Serial Null-modem (Console) Cable with Loopback
DB9f Function DB9f DB25f
1 + 4 + 6 CD + DTR + DSR N/C N/C
N/C CD + DTR + DSR 1 + 4 + 6 6 + 8 + 20
2 RxD 3 2
3 TxD 2 3
5 GND 5 7
7 + 8 RTS + CTS 7 + 8 4 + 5
N/C – ot co ected.
11