National Semiconductor 4660 User manual

3
Getting Started
Your calculator 15 designed foreuy leam"'9 and
erhclent operallon 11 is re<»mmendl!d mal you
charge your calculalOr
lor 3 hours belore inilJal use.
see Ballltty Inlof/nahon. To Qet slalted, turn your
cateuL1101' On With the .sw,tch on me left .s,de. The
dISplay Wll shows d~'tor(lIg11S. Depress
10 dear ltIe(lI.splay. The dIsplaysl'\l)Uld now show
•slnglezetO. If II don nol, Ih, baltery probably
needsrecharging,
low Battery Indicator
All 'l IIghtsonthele~srdeofthe(lrs~aywtJe'n
tile battery neeGS red\vs,ng Charge Ihe ballenes
Immediately.
Double labeled Keys
~otiCe thai many OIl'll! keys on )'OCr C'ilIQ;l2.ICr
have TWO lIIbels, I.,e,. a de~llgnation appears above
and below the key. o
Doubly labeled K~
M-
ThIs means tha11he WI has two llJ!lCtJCrlS. When
me key is depressed dUl!C11y after the • the lower
function. e.g (memory pll.ls) is accessed. In
this manual, F Is Illustrated as a requ!red prelix
lO aU secondary IU1ICtIOos.. The M· (me.rr.ory plus)
lorexample .... olItles!'lownas F M~_lf F has
been depressed by mistake. depress to cfeaI
the erroneous dep(l!'$$.on w,lhout aft'eeting lhe
display or calCulatiOn in progress
Keying in Numbers
Aeating Decimal
The Sland,uel formalin ... hlch numbers withIn the
ringe ,0ס0ooooo1 109.999.999.999 are entcred and
ell'played
Is the lIeahng decImal point formal. Num-
2
bel'S anI enlcl&d in the normal calCulalor fashion.
i.e,.
Key In ""mbels by IOUChlng the number keys tn
J" the 58me .sequence as ir you were wrillng!hl!fn
Oown on paper. II a decimal appeals In the number,
key illn sequence as pan ollhe number. The
calcu1410r accepts me IUSI deCimal keyed in as the
decImal in Ihe number. The dec1l1\81 need tIC' be
keyed in .... hen k~,f'g in WhOle numbers.
The dectmAI pcinl Itt !he result ola ealelJla\ion Is
automatically poSllroned.
This is known as "lloatll'lg
point"' nOI&Ilon because the eleelmal pelnt can
"Iloat" 10 any digrt location.
Results of calCtJlallOns \II !'\len eUN(! 9,999.999,999
or va Ies.s than .0ס0ooooo1 are automatteaUy elIS-
played In sclenllflC natallon s,nce the: number of
display digits cannet accommodate these \rery large
or very small numbers in me floaung POint formaL
SCientifIC Notation
Any num~ ... ,th1n me range 10·" to 10" maybe
erl:eree ,nto yow calctJla:or and dISplayed In
sClenllric no18llOn using •Enter Exponenl key.
Entries In scien:.ll(: natallan ve made as !hey are
wtll:en. Ie ,a dl!'CJmAl n!Jl'nela! (relerred 10 as me
rnantissa) between 1 and 9999999999 and a
power of ten,
Scientific Notation Entry Procedure
1. Key Itt !he man\.is.sa a.s a dec,mal number
between 1 and 9999999999
Nole. II the mantissa IS keyed in as a number
OUtside tlM range. 1Jle calallator WlQ automaac-
ally 21:llustlhe manllSsa and ellponent upon
depressiOn 01 aflli'lcliOn key. See example 2.
2_ Depress ;00 is Olsplllyed In lhe exponent
dllplay pOSll1cns-
NOle.- tI amanhSSa entry is nol keyed in prior
to depre.sslng •!he calculator 8\llOmaticaily
assumes end elisplays amantissa of I.
3. Enler the power of len ellponent ellgll(s).

To cancel SclenUllc NotatIon mode and set
Floating Decimal mode.
depress II
Observe in lhe example belOW thai resul1s which
exceed9,999.999.999
or are lass than .000000oo1
are automallcally converted to-sclenlitlc nolallon.
Observe in the next okample thai in the scienlilic
mode. enlries and resulls of calculations are
displayed in scientific nolallon even when you key
in facl0rs withoul an exponenl.
ENlER OISPLAY
COMMENTS
COMt.lENTS
SelS scientific
mOO9.
AlltOlllatical1y
converl.IO
tll)llti~ notation.
5. 00
5. 03
5. 03
2.5 07
OlSPLAY
DISPLAY
5.
1. 01
1.2345 04
2.469 04
5. 00
503
5000.
25000000.
to eslablish Ihe Sclenl;fic
•
•
•
12345 •
2.
Depress
NOlation mode.
ENTER
In scientitlc nOlalion using •• upon depression
01 afunction key they will be convened to l10ating
"' decimall'lOtalion it capacity permits.
Example:
ENTER
5 IEII
3
•
•
2
2. 00
2.
0'
52 15
2 2. 52
7
2.
27
C
Example 3: Enter 2x 101~ and then chatlge the
exponOn! to 27.
ENTER DISPLAY
Reformat Display Keys; and
When the calculator is turned on it is in the Uoaling
decimal mode. Although amoun;s maybe entered
,
4. 19
3.
00
1.2 28
Note: It more than two digit keys ale d.e~ressed
directly following •. the lastlwOdigIts .
entered constitute
1/Ie eJlponent and the earlier
enleted digitsare discarded. See example 3.
Example 1: Solve (4 x101t) X. (3 x 10'):: 1.2 X10
28
EN"TER olSPLAY
44. 00
19 .. 4 19
3 3. 00
8 • 1.2 28
Example 2: Solve the preceding problem, except
enter
40 x lOla instead of <I x10
lt
10 observe
automatic normalization petlormed on mantissa
entries outside the range 1to 9.999999999.
ENTER DISPLAY
40 40. 00

", .. TEll DISPLAY
• O.
123456 •123456.
789123. 9.742196909 10
Calculator will display 9N219S0000 in scientific
nol8ill)fl because II e~ceeds lO-dlgil capacity.
Changing Signs:
The • change sign key. changes tho algebraic
sign of an entry or result from positive to negative
and vlce versa. Depress a:fler mantissa enlfy
or after depression 01 10 enter these respec-
I/Ve vshJes as negatives.
conlenlS
Of the caleulallflg regISter. OpetalJOfIS are
1'101 ditlturb&d an<:! may be CQnllOued. The Ilurpose
ollhis funcllon ,s 10 enable collection 01 mistellen
dlgll key aepressions.
Depressed directly 10Howing otnar knys
(lnclu<!lng
C. Ie., two COnseeulrve akey depres-
siOns). Clears
display and calcuiating feogiSler,
The key sequence , clear alt. clears tho
display, calculator register liM lIlIth'eo memories.
Any
mode setting. ie .scientifIC notallDn (SCI),
floattng decil'NlJ I"IOtalion (Fl T), (Jagree, radian or
grad mode. 's IlOt cleared by depressron of .11.
2
Example:
E:.~lEll
Basic Arithmetic Operations
The proeedule forperfOrming -simple addlllO(l,
SUbltSCllon, mult,plicaltOn
or dlVislon!s to key I/'l
the problem as ills written,
Enlerflrst number; depress ., •• 01 ••
Enler the second number, dopress •.
Ills a good practice 10 depress beforeperform-
ing calculatIons in order to clear any calculatior.s
pending flom pteV10US key dePl'essions.
COM~EtHS
5000 •
eNTER
Multilactor (Chain) Calculations
The floallesull of any cakuJalionrnay be used In
fUrlhel ealculahOflS, elimlnalng the need:o re-enlel"
the value.
Exompla: Apiece of equipment costs S5OOO.
Thesalvage value Is $1200. Find the deprGCiaJlon
expense per year il tlle equipment haS 8lifetime
of eIght ~·oars 5000 _1200
Formula' =415
•
OtSPu..y
5000
I
DISPLAY
-455.
-456. 00
-456. -00
-456. -02
-456. 02
O.
Observe thaI may be depressed at any
time
during exponenl entry.
Clearing Mistaken Key Depressions:
and
The ,clear key, Is designed 10 keep operator
decision 10 a minimum. Depress dlJeclJy follow-
Inganerroneous key deoression end the calculator
WIll clearthe alleaed reglster(s) only. MOre
explicitly, operates as follows:
Oepressed dIrectly following l1 digit key or
fj Clears the digit key depression and displays the

5'><2x3><;:\
... 7" 8-3=32
6
EfH£Tl DISPLAY COMMENTS
5
5.
210.
Previous lnstruc-
\Jon 8UCUted.
330. Intermedlalll
120, BOSWIlf
4dIsplayed.
620.
727.
,.
35.
3.
32.
Two Factor Function Keys
The fonowin~ srequire fhe entry of two (or more)
factors:. •The firsl factof is
entered on one of lhese keys. The second laclor is
entered
on. 10 complele the calculaliolls,
Although you already know
how to add, subtracT,
multiplyand divide from previous sections; the
following functional descripUon of
II •and
•Is given along with edescription 01 for a
complete unde/standing
01 the relalionship of the
IWO lactor lunclion keys,
Divide Key
Enters the dividend (Iirst number
In diviSfon). For
Example:
Since your calculator uses lrue algebraic logic,
no
guess work orknowledge 01 malhemallcal hierarchy
Is required to perform long. complex problems.
An tnHnire number of problems
ml'lY be chained
together. The calculator
dise!:.YS an intermediate
answer upon depression of
••• ,.,.,11
lor inlormation purposes !!nd to remind you that
upon depression ollhese koys any pending adcl.
subtract mulliply. divide, or power command is
executed,
May be tIl5ed In
fUrlhar caleu!aUolUi.
DISPLAY
3800.
3800.
475.
5000,
3800.
475,
ENTER DISPLAY
144
144.
'Ill
72.
"El
6.
5000 •
1200.
III
'.
Rule for performing chain calculations
Perform the problem as it is wrillen with one
excephon; rewrite formulae which indicate mUllI-
plication in the denomlnalor portion 01 fraclions
as shown below.
Use parenlhesis keys
When necessary. I.e., Vlhen
addllion/subtracUon Is mixed
wUh multipUcationl
dlYislon
to form aparenthecated expression.
See Parenthesis Keys section
of this manual.
Perform
on calculator this Vial':
144';'2';'12=6
Do not perlorm on calculator as wrillan here:
144
_6
2)< 12
The same problem may be performed more elfi-
clelllly. with fewer keystrokeS. by using the cha/nfng
fealure. Perform the problem as you Vlould say it,
depressing. only once, on completion of the
problem: 5000 minus ( ) 1200 divided ( : )
by 8equals (
),
Short Method
ENTER

Equals Key
Terminates a two lactor calculatIon. +. -. X • ..;.-.
V<, and displays the final result. Causes the value
enlered on .to be stored as aconSlant divisor,
multiplier. subtrahend or addend depending upon
lhe operation. If no algebral¢ operalion is pending,
!'lumbers entered on -WIll
be used for calcu-
laUons with the conSlant.
I!Il Vto the )O;I~ Power Key
Raises anumber enlered on V'" 10 apower
entered
on -
cham calculatIons it completes a "pending lWO
factor calculation" {i.e. a "+.~. X.";'-. '(''' calcu-
lalion which is in progress, not yatlermimlled by a
depression of .). When depression of this key
completes a pending calculal1on. lhe Intermediate
result
is displayed and set up as a dividend.
Times Key
Enters tile multIplicand (firs! number in multiplica-
tion}. For chain calculations, completes a pending
twO factor calculation and sets up intermediate result
asa
multiplicand: displays intermediate result.
Minus Key
Enters lhe minuend (top or lirst number in subtrac·
tion). For chain calculations, compleles a pending
two factor calculallon and sels up lhe intermediate
resull asaminuend,
displays intermediate result.
•
Plus Key
Enlers the addend. For chain calculations, com-
pletes apending lwo factor calculation and selS up
lhe intermediale resull as an addend: displays lhe
Intermediate result.
Performing Constant Calculations
The second factor In a IwO lactor calculaUon is
retained as a constantin the calculaling register.
~)(2=&
COMMENTS
Plobtcm palrormad
In standard manner.
5.
10.
G.
OISPLAV
S
2.
3.
To use the constant:
Petlorm an addition, subtraction. mvltlpl1callon or
division problem in lhe usual manner remembering
10 enter the constant value las!. on •.
Enter variable numbers: depress •. display
shows answers.
ENTER
Example 2: COmpute {125';- 5)-J.2 =.000033619
ENTER OISPLAV
125. 125.
525.
-3.2
•0.000033619
Theexample above lIIustrates thai luncllons just
like ••••• and. In that it completes a
apending two
lactor calculaHon WhIch in thiscase
Is
"'25 divided by 5" and sets up the InlermtK!iate
result. 25. as "Y".
Ymust be positive IV >0). Xvalue is unresl1lcled.
Correcting Mistaken Function Key Depressions
When
you depress an incolTectlWo faclor function
key. adepresslon of the correct IWO faclOr lunction
key
will change lhe mode of operation 10 Ihat which
you originally Inlended. It Is therefore nol necessary
to clear the calculator and re-enter your probtem.
For example,
ij you depress. inSlead ot •• IUSI
depress. dlrectly alter. 10 change Ihe mode
of operation to subtract.
Compute
53 =125
OISP\.AV
s.
125.
E)O;ample 1:
ENTER
S
1Cl
3
iii

One Factor Function Keys
The single laclor function keys are the easiest
10 use and understand, These keys are:
oOS·
To record anewconstanl. simply perform another
addition. subtraction, multiplication, division or
power problem In the usual manner.
When y~ is used, the power, "x" is retained
as acanslam.
ENTER DISPlAY COMMENTS
13.
169.
13'=169
2S.
S'=25
9.
3'=9
,
•
8.
lD .
4,.,2",8
5,,2=10
folloWing key descriplions assume the degree mode
seiling. Adiscussion of lhese modes
foHows on
subsequent pages.
Sine Key
Enter Into Ihe display adecimal angle wilhin the
range -8999.999999° to 8999,999999°,' Depress
Ihls key: display shows sine
(Xl·
Arc Sina Kay
Enler into tha display aslna Within the ranga -1 to
1. Depress these keys; disptay Shows the principal
value, -90°" result" 900,of Iha arc sine (x).
CO Cosine Key
Enter into the display adecimalangle wilhin the
range -8999.999999° to 6999.999999°,' Depress
this key; display shows
cosine (x,}.
'S Arc Cosine Key
Enter into the displayacosine
wilhin Ihe range-1
to 1. Depress these keys: display shows Ihe principal
value.
0°" result" 160°,01 the arc cosine (Xl·
Ageneral procedural statement can be applied
10 Ihasekeys:
With avalue entered inlo the display. depression of
aone laclor function key executes the Indicated.
sin,cos ,r
elc .. function and instantly displays
the answer.
These keys may be depressed a\ an:/ lime o'Ullog
acalculalion wllhou\ disturbing any two laclor
calculation in proglCSs. This feature provides greal
flexibility in problem solving as
shown in the r
examples on subsequent pages.
Trigonometric Keys
Your calC1Jlator has Ihree selectable modes of oper-
atlan lor lrigonomelric and lhe inverse functions:
deglee, grad or radian mode. The calculator
is aulO·
matically5el in degree
mode upon tum on. The
12
Tangenl Key
Enterinto the display adeCimal angle within
the
range -8999.999999° 10 8999.999999".' Depress
this kay: dIsplayshows langent (x). Error will be
displayed
on entries of 90".2700,etc.
rA'J'li Arc Tangent Key
Enter Into lhe display atangent
01 unreslricted
magnitude. Depress these keys: display shows the
principalvalue. -90"'" result" 90°, of arc tangent.
Logarithm Keys
Natural Logarithm Key
Enter InlO lhe displayevaillegreater than zero.
Depless this key:
display shows 1he basee.
naMat logarithm (x).
'Very 'Small numllers. B." •. סס0oooooo1 Qr I X 10->0 arc
mlerpreted 85 ZC/O Wilen IlnlcrC(l on trillonornetn"c keys.
13

30 G.5
60 0.866025403
•0.433012701
144 12.
•12,433G127
EJeample Problem: What is the equivalent ,esls·
lance ora nO·ohm reslslor, a l45·ohm resIstor.
and a175-ohm reslslOr connecled in parall&[ \,lS11I9
lhe following eo.uation?
R --'c
'
-~
... - 1/R
1
-+-l!R2+
t/R3
1
ObselVe In tha a~amples abovo and belew.thal
one laClor tuncUon keys may be depressed while
atwo laclor operation Is pendIng wilhout allacting
the pending calculalJOn,
175
•IlIlI
1S
DtSPLAY
0.004545454
0.cl04545454
0.006896551
om 1442006
0.005114285
0.017156291
58.28765335
-
1/220-1/145 .... 1/175
(sin 30)< Sin 60) '4- \1144
OtSl'LAY
Find the cube rOOI 01125
Formula:
3y"i25::: 1251/3
DISPLAY
125.
0.333333333
S.
'"
•
EHlER
125.
3.
•
Example:
ENTER
uample:
,
,
Olher One Factor Function Keys
Square Root Ke~
ner apositiVe radicand into the display. Depress
this key; displayshows the square root.
• "X" Squared Key
Enter avalue less than
or equal to 10'0 inlo Ihe
display. Depress Ihese keys: displayshows the
value squared.
Reciprocal Key
Enler 8non zero value Into the display. Depress
these keys; display shows result of 1divldeo by (Je).
Factorlal Key
Enler apositive Inlegerwithin the range 0to 69.
Depress these keys; display shows the faclorial.
•• Natural Antilogarithm Key
Enter analtJralloganthm wlthln
lhe range -2279
to 230.2. Depress Ihesa ke~s: display shows e
ralsed 10 lha power enlered.
Common Logarithm Key
Enter into the display avalue greater than zero.
Deptess lhis key:
displa~ shows the base 10,
common logarithm (Je).
II Common AnlHogarlthm Ke~
Enter acommon logarithm wlth!n the range
-99,99999999 to 99.99999999. Depress these
ke~s; displayshows lO~.
One Factor FuncUon Key Examples
Example: Compute 5.121011 2.3
ENTER DtSPLAY
5.12 5.12
2.3 0.361727836
•1.805355312
14

COMMENTS
-, -;;0"''"'''' ~
(10-4) I
0.707106761
Impartanl NOlO: Remember Ihal your calculator will
remaIn in the angular mode last selected unlll you
turn
off the catculator orchange the mode to
degree or ladian.
Degree/Grad/Radian Conversion
Converting angles (for example, from degrees 10
grads) is done by compUling atrigonometric func-
Iron in one mode. switching modes. than computing
the inverse trigonometric function.
I r~lllian
57.29517951
deoreeS
45 dcgrellS-
SO grads
0.541470964
0.641470984
57.29577951
0.707106781
0.707106761
50.
How many degrees is 1radian?
OISPLAY COMMENTS
How many grads is 45 deglees?
OISPLAY COMMENTS
Calculate lhe sine 0150 grads.
OISPLAY
Example:
ENTER
Example:
ENTER
E
Conversion Keys
Polar. Rectangular Conversion
The angle of Inclination inpul for polarto rectang-
ular and angutar
Ol,nput tor rectangulal to polarIs
affecled by
rhe degree/grad/radIan mode selllflQ. 17
Example:
ENTER
,
{
p _ _c--"".c
'
~
.,
(n-r) !
OISPLAY
'".
720. {10 - 4)1
720.
720.
• 50~O.
Observe that in the exampte above. lhe x-y key
(see
Olher Keys seclion for adiscussion of x-y)
is ~sed to swap the dividend and divisor. In orher
wOlds. lhe
ploblem was performed such thai
(1D-4) 1/10! was pendIng. Theformula was
leversed; 1
OU(l 0-4) Iby depressIng
Examplo: Permulatfons
For example: Out 01 adinner parly for 10. how many
ways can the hostess assIgn players to One table
of bridge
(4 posillons)? The equarlon for permuta_
tions
wUh random arrangement 01 n ilems laken r
at a
lime is:
Degree/Grad/Radian Mode:
IlmiI [ClB1\:Ql
As staled previously. yourcalculator has three
seleclablemodes
of operalion for lrigonomelric and
Ihe inverse tunctions: degree. grad
or radian mode.
When you
lurn your calculatoron. il is automatically
selin degree mode. In de ree mode. numbers
entered
on are inlerpreted as
degrees. Angular results displayed
altel depression
olB .n .11 are given
in degrees.
Depressing
or ,sets the
calCulator In radian or
glad mode respectively.
Angular input
on Irig lunct!ons and angular results
on Inverse trig funCllons are then lead as radians
orgrads.
16