ND SatCom SKYWAN IDU 7000 User manual

IDU 7000 Series
Network Design and Engineering Guide
SkyWAN®Indoor Unit
IDU 7000, Software Rel. 7.11
IDU 2570, Software Rel. 7.11
IDU 2070, Software Rel. 7.11
Document Number OM2044E_9400711
Document Revision B
Revision Date 2010-10-26
IDU 1070 Series
IDU 1070, Software Rel. 1.11

ND SatCom Product GmbH
Graf-von-Soden-Strasse
88090 Immenstaad
Germany
Phone: [phone]
E-Mail: [email protected]
This document is protected by copyright law. This document is the property of
ND SatCom Product GmbH (hereafter referred to as ’ND SatCom’), which reserves all rights.
This document or parts of it may not be reproduced, duplicated or distributed to third parties.
Nor may their content be disclosed to third parties without the express written approval of
ND SatCom Product GmbH. Misuse will be subject to legal action and fines. All rights to pat-
ents and utility models are reserved.

2010-10-26 Network Design and Engineering Guide 1
MANUAL CONVENTIONS
There are a few graphical symbols and formatting conventions used to show information clearly
arranged and easy to find.
Screenshots may not always contain valid data. Slight differences may occur in the graphical
presentation shown (i.e. in the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of a program).
Symbol used for
Information Symbol is used to notify a user of special or
useful information.
Action Item
Prerequisite
Step (1) action step 1
Step (2) action step 2
Action objective after finish-
ing action steps
Action Items
are used to direct the user to execute the steps in the giv-
en order for a successful completion of the action.
fulfilled precondition for successful action comple-
tion
Step (1) perform described action (1)
Step (2) perform described action (2)
Action objective reached
string (word, number) in
code formatting Type this word, number or string as input, i.e. as com- mand line or in a tool input field.
<string_A> The <string_A> between the brackets is placeholder for
a variable. Fill in the contents of the placeholder without
brackets.
’string_B’ As quoted string ’string_B’ names and labels are pre-
sented: e.g. name of a variable, a window or field name,
label of a button.
i

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2 Network Design and Engineering Guide 2010-10-26

2010-10-26 Network Design and Engineering Guide 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Manual Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
1.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2 Manual Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2.1 Who should read this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.2 What do you need to know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3 SkyWAN®Solutions and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 General Design and Engineering Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.5 Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.5.1 SkyWAN®IDU Manuals Suite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2 General Carrier Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2 Data and Voice Networking Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Voice connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Voice Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3 Essential SkyWAN®Satellite Link Layer Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3.1 SkyWAN®Network Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Reception Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.3.2 Master and Slave Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Control Communication: Reference and Request Bursts . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Active and Backup Master Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.3.3 SkyWAN®MF-TDMA functionality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
TDMA Frame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Transmit and Receive Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Data Slot Time Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
TDMA Superframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.3.4 Downlink and Uplink Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.3.5 SkyWAN®Reference Burst Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
MRB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
MRB-DUB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NFB-DUB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3.6 Capacity Request and Allocation for User Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Free Slot Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Ranging Subframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Stream Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Dynamic Slots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4 Network Design and Engineering Guide 2010-10-26
2.3.7 Guaranteed Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Guaranteed Throughput Example Scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Scenario 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Scenario 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Scenario 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Scenario 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.4 Network Traffic Estimation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Traffic Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Traffic Estimation Example Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Summarize Example Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.1 Capacity Calculation Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Capacity Calculation Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Erlang B Calculation Worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Voice Traffic Flow Worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Carrier Configuration Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.4.2 Limitations of the Traffic Estimation Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
2.5 From User Traffic to Satellite Link Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
2.5.1 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
2.6 TDMA Carrier Design with ’TDMA Calculator’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
2.6.1 Section ’General Data Input’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
2.6.1.1 Parameter Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
2.6.2 Section ’Data Input per Frequency Channel’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
2.6.2.1 Parameter Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
2.6.3 Area ’General Data Output’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
2.6.3.1 Parameter Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
2.6.4 Area ’Data output per frequency channel’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
2.6.4.1 Parameter Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
2.6.5 Exporting and Importing TDMA Calculator Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
2.7 From Capacity Estimation to TDMA Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
One Carrier Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Adjustment and Optimization Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Optimized Three Carrier Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Adjustment and Optimization Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3 Outdoor Unit and Satellite Link Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Select Satellite Transponder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Calculate Link Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Perform Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.2 Satellite Beam Footprints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Satellite Choice Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.3 Fundamentals of Link Budget Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Uplink and Downlink. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) and Antenna Gain . . . . . 76

2010-10-26 Network Design and Engineering Guide 5
Path Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Saturation Flux Density (SFD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Noise, Figure of Merit G/T and Signal-to-Noise Ratio Eb/No . . . . . . . . 77
Satellite Link Quality Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Power Equivalent Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Rain fade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Rain Margin and Uplink Power Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.4 Considerations for SkyWAN® Link Budget Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.4.1 Network Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.4.2 Downlink Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.4.3 Uplink Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.5 SkyWAN®Link Budget Calculation Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.5.1 Satellite Data Worksheets (Ku- and C-Band) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.5.2 Antenna Data Worksheets (Ku- and C-Band) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.5.3 Stations Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Use pre-defined Network Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Specify Network Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Output Back-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Stations with 2 Demodulator Boards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.5.4 Tx Amplifier Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.5.5 Summary Worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Optional Link Filter for Complex Topologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
3.5.6 Required Settings for MRB-DUB Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Transponder Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Hub Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
UpLink Area 1 (ULA1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
UpLink Area 2 (ULA2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Carrier Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Link Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.6 Link Budget Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.6.1 Scenario 1: Ku-Band 5 Stations Fully Meshed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Satellite Transponder Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Antenna Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Link Budget Calculation Result Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.6.2 Scenario 2: Ku-Band 5 Stations Star Network with 2 Hubs. . . . . . . . . . . 103
Compare Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
3.6.3 Scenario 3: Ku-Band 5 Stations Star Network with 3 Hubs. . . . . . . . . . . 106
4 Data Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
4.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

6 Network Design and Engineering Guide 2010-10-26
4.2 SkyWAN®Internet Protocol Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
4.2.1 SkyWAN®IP Router Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
SkyWAN®IDU 7000 Series Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
4.2.2 Basic IP Network Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
4.2.3 Static Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Static Routing in a Star Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.2.4 Dynamic Routing with OSPF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Redistribution of Static Routes via OSPF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.2.5 Load Balancing for IP Unicast Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
4.2.6 Equalizing Path Costs for OSPF Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
4.2.7 IP Multicast Forwarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
IGMP Querier Role. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Standard and FMCA Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
4.2.8 IP Service Differentiation (Quality of Service). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Gold-TCP-A, Gold, Silver, Bronze, Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Platinum Dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.2.9 Robust Header Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
4.2.10 Transmission Control Protocol Acceleration (TCP-A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
4.3 SkyWAN® Frame Relay Networking Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
4.3.1 Serial port properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
4.3.2 Basic Frame Relay Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
4.3.3 FR Communication Services and Quality of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
4.3.4 SkyWAN®FAD Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
FAD ’Class 7’ traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4.3.5 Traffic Shaping and Congestion Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Realtime Service for Isochronous FRAD Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Congestion Management of Non-Realtime FR Packets. . . . . . . . . . . 129
5 Summary and Design Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
6 Appendix A - What’s new in this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
7 Appendix B - Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
8 Appendix C - Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
9 Appendix D - Install TDMA Calculator Standalone Tool . . . . . . . .147
9.1 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
9.2 Software Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
9.3 Install TDMA Calculator Standalone Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
9.4 Run TDMA Calculator Standalone Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
9.5 Uninstall TDMA Calculator Standalone Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

2010-10-26 Network Design and Engineering Guide 7
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1 SkyWAN®IDU 7000 / 1070 Series Manuals Suite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table 2-1 IP Voice Call Data Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 2-2 Frame Relay Voice Call Data Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 2-3 Summary ’General Data Input’ Parameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 2-4 Summary ’Data Input Per Frequency Channel’ Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 2-5 Summary ’General Data Output’ Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Table 2-6 Summary ’Data Output Per Frequency Channel’ Parameter. . . . . . . . . . . 65
Table 3-1 Eb/No Values for different FEC Coding and Modulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 3-2 Carrier Power and Bandwidth for TDMA structure example . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 3-3 Relation between Modulation, Coding and Carrier PEB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 3-4 Output Back-Off SSPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Table 3-5 Scenarion 1 - 2 Carrier Solution Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Table 3-6 Scenario 1 - Carrier Coding and Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Table 3-7 Scenario 1 - Summarized Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Table 3-8 Scenario 2 - Carrier Coding and Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Table 3-9 Scenario 2 - Summarized Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Table 3-10 Scenario 2 - Optimized Carrier Coding and Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Table 3-11 Scenario 2 - Optimized Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Table 4-1 IP Interface Usage of IDU 7000 series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Table 4-2 IP Interface Usage of IDU 1070. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Table 4-3 Threshold of Forwarding Behaviors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Table 4-4 Codecs supported for RoHC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Table 4-5 UIM Board FR Serial Port Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Table 6-1 What’s new in the Engineering Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Table 6-2 What’s new in Rev. B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

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8 Network Design and Engineering Guide 2010-10-26

2010-10-26 Network Design and Engineering Guide 9
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1 Overview VSAT Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 1-2 Overview Design and Engineering Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 2-1 Carrier Design Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 2-2 SkyWAN®Networking at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure 2-3 Voice over SkyWAN®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure 2-4 Network Topologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 2-5 Data Reception Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 2-6 Master - Slave Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 2-7 Active and Backup Master. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 2-8 TDMA Frame Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 2-9 Tx Frequency Hopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 2-10 Data Slot Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 2-11 TDMA Superframes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Figure 2-12 Two Uplink Populations with Cross-Strapped Transponder . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 2-13 MRB-DUB Frame of a 3 Carrier Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Figure 2-14 NFB-DUB Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Figure 2-15 Capacity Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Figure 2-16 Free Slot Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figure 2-17 Slot Assignment with Ranging Subframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figure 2-18 Slot Assignment Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Figure 2-19 TDMA Structure of Throughput Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Figure 2-20 Throughput Scenario 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figure 2-21 Throughput Scenario 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Figure 2-22 Throughput Scenario 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Figure 2-23 Throughput Scenario 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Figure 2-24 Traffic Estimation Scenario IP Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Figure 2-25 Traffic Estimation Scenario Fame RelayTraffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Figure 2-26 Traffic Calculation Example - Capacity Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Figure 2-27 Per Network Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure 2-28 Traffic Calculation Example - Erlang B Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Figure 2-29 Traffic Calculation Example - Voice Traffic Flow Worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . 47
Figure 2-30 Traffic Calculation Example - Carrier Configuration Worksheet . . . . . . . . 48
Figure 2-31 Traffic Calculation Example - Carrier Config. with Network Traffic . . . . . . 49
Figure 2-32 SLL Encapsulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Figure 2-33 Gross Container Information Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Figure 2-34 Add Turbo-Phi Coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Figure 2-35 Modulated Gross Container. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Figure 2-36 Signalling Time Slots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

10 Network Design and Engineering Guide 2010-10-26
Figure 2-37 Signal Preparation - Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Figure 2-38 Start integrated SkyNMS TDMA Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Figure 2-39 TDMA Calculator GUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Figure 2-40 TDMA Calculator - two Uplink Populations specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Figure 2-41 TDAM Calculator - Define different traffic compositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Figure 2-42 Results from Capacity Calculation Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Figure 2-43 TDMA Calculator with Optimized 1 Carrier Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Figure 2-44 TDMA Calculator Output for Optimized 3 Carrier Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Figure 3-1 Steps for Outdoor Unit and Satellite Link Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Figure 3-2 SES World Skies NSS-7 Satellite Wide Beam Footprints. . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
Figure 3-3 SES World Skies NSS-7 Satellite Spot Beam Footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Figure 3-4 Up- and Downlink Link Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Figure 3-5 ITU-T Rainzones Europe and North-Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
Figure 3-6 Attenuation under maximum Rain Fade Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Figure 3-7 Power Conditions with constant Power Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Figure 3-8 Power Conditions with Uplink Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Figure 3-9 Downlink Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Figure 3-10 Uplink Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Figure 3-11 Link Budget Tool - Satellite Data Worksheet(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Figure 3-12 Link Budget Tool - Antenna Data Worksheet(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Figure 3-13 Link Budget Tool - C-Band Antenna Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Figure 3-14 Link Budget Tool - Station Worksheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Figure 3-15 Link Budget Tool - Define Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Figure 3-16 Link Budget Tool - Station with 2 Demodulators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Figure 3-17 Link Budget Tool - TxAmp Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Figure 3-18 Link Budget Tool - Summary Worksheet Input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Figure 3-19 Link Budget Tool - Summary Worksheet Uplink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Figure 3-20 Link Budget Tool - Summary Worksheet Downlinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Figure 3-21 Link Budget Tool - Summary Worksheet Up- and Downlinks. . . . . . . . . . .94
Figure 3-22 Link Budget Tool - Summary Worksheet Complex Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Figure 3-23 MRB-Dub Network Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Figure 3-24 MRB-DUB Network - Satellite Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Figure 3-25 MRB-DUB Network - Transponder in Stations Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Figure 3-26 MRB DUB Network - Hub Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Figure 3-27 MRB DUB Network - ULA1 Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Figure 3-28 MRB DUB Network - ULA2 Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Figure 3-29 MRB DUB Network - Summary Topology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Figure 3-30 MRB DUB Network - Link Calculations ULA1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Figure 3-31 MRB DUB Network - Link Calculations ULA2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Figure 3-32 Scenario 1 - Uplink Footprint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

2010-10-26 Network Design and Engineering Guide 11
Figure 3-33 Scenario 1 - Downlink Footprint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Figure 3-34 Scenario 1 - Ku-Band Transponder Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Figure 3-35 Scenario 1 - Ku-Band Antenna Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Figure 3-36 Scenarion 1 - 2 Carrier Solution Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Figure 4-1 SkyWAN®IP Protocol Stack IDU 7000 series. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Figure 4-2 SkyWAN®IP Protocol Stack IDU 1070 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Figure 4-3 SkyWAN®Meshed IP Data and Management Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Figure 4-4 SkyWAN®Hybrid IP Data and Management Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Figure 4-5 Static Routing in a Star Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Figure 4-6 OSPF Cost Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Figure 4-7 Mapping of Forwarding Behaviours to Transmit Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Figure 4-8 RoHC Feature Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Figure 4-9 TCP-A Feature Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Figure 4-10 Mapping of FR Services to Transmit Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

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12 Network Design and Engineering Guide 2010-10-26

2010-10-26 Network Design and Engineering Guide 13
Introduction
Summary
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Summary
SkyWAN®is a flexible and versatile VSAT system to establish wide area corporate network in-
frastructures via satellite for enterprises and governmental institutions, supporting a wide vari-
ety of end user business applications.
The SkyWAN®Indoor Unit (IDU) is a satellite modem with advanced features. It offers multi-
media services (voice, video) and data transport sent with small antennas over transparent sat-
ellite transponder frequency channels. Beside the IDU, a SkyWAN®network contains outdoor
equipment (ODU) like antenna, transceiver, amplifier, control units, redundancy control units,
converters etc. as engineered for customer premisses.
Figure 1-1 Overview VSAT Station
1.2 Manual Content
This SkyWAN®Network Design and Engineering Guide provides information about how to de-
sign and engineer a SkyWAN®Satellite Network based on the SkyWAN®IDU modem series.
Some typical network design scenarios will be discussed; starting from customer traffic require-
ments an optimized SkyWAN®Carrier and Outdoor Unit Design will be derived using the ND
Satcom Design tools discussed.
This guide consists of the following main sections:
-General Carrier Design.
The SkyWAN®Satellite Link Layer implementation and functionality is described. A de-
tailed description of the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) structure of SkyWAN®car-
riers is given. The procedure how to translate customer network traffic requirements into
an optimized SkyWAN®carrier structure is outlined. The ND Satcom Design Tools for this
purpose are described.

14 Network Design and Engineering Guide 2010-10-26
Introduction
Manual Content
-Satellite Link and Outdoor Unit Design
To perform satellite communication over satellite links with sufficient quality the earth sta-
tions have to fulfill specific requirements concerning their transmission power and antenna
gain. A proper network design is based on an estimation of the link properties, taking into
account parameters of the satellite transponder and of the earth stations.
The ND Satcom Link Budget Tool which can be used to calculate satellite link power re-
quirements will be described in this section.The output will be an optimal selection of trans-
mitter and antenna types for each earth station.
-SkyWAN®Data Networking Features
A detailed description of the SkyWAN®support of Data Networking Protocols TCP/IP and
Frame Relay will be given. Implication for typical applications and services will be dis-
cussed.
Information for installation, line-up, network commissioning and system overview is covered in
the SkyWAN®manuals suite; refer to chapter 1.5.
1.2.1 Who should read this document
This document is intended for engineers designing a SkyWAN®Satellite Network. Participation
of a SkyWAN®engineering training is recommended.
1.2.2 What do you need to know
It is expected that the user has general understanding how to design and engineer a VSAT net-
work. Before reading this document you should have a good understanding of the following:
- Understanding of satellite communication hardware and technology.
- Understanding of protocols e.g. IP, TCP, OSPF, SNMP, IGMP, PPP.
- Understanding of Frame Relay and Voice over IP (VoIP).
- Understanding of LAN and WAN architecture.

2010-10-26 Network Design and Engineering Guide 15
Introduction
SkyWAN®Solutions and Benefits
1.3 SkyWAN®Solutions and Benefits
SkyWAN®uses an MF-TDMA system supporting a variety of satellite network topologies (fully-
meshed, hybrid, star). Main network features are:
- Wide hopping range (from burst to burst) over 800 MHz (transponder hopping)
- Data rates from 64 kbit/s up to 10 Mbit/s per channel, up to 8 channels are supported
- Highly dynamic assignment of transmission capacity
- Integration of real-time and non-real-time applications into a packet switching architecture
- Frame Relay switching, including Quality of Service (QoS) support
- IP routing, including QoS support
- Acceleration of transmission control protocol connections (TCP-A)
- Support of many applications like
- Traditional telephony systems (ISDN, analogue)
- Voice and Video over IP (V2oIP) with efficient header compression
- LAN interconnection via Frame Relay and/or IP
- GSM backhaul solutions
- SNMP based network management system
- L-Band transmit- and receive interface between indoor unit (IDU) and outdoor unit (ODU).
SkyWAN®Technologyoffersthefollowingadvantagesovercompeting satellitecommunication
technologies:
-Flexibility: By allowing meshed, star and hybrid topologies, SkyWAN®networks can be
ideally adapted to diverse customer requirements.
-Versatility: By supporting IP based and legacy network protocols any type of business
communication may be supported.
-Scalability: From small networks consisting of few stations to large ones with hundreds of
stations SkyWAN®networks can be tailored cost efficiently to customer demands.
-Availability: The built-in Master/Backupmaster functionality with automatic switchover es-
tablishes a network without single point of failure.
-Performance: Symbol rates ranging from 100 to 6000 ksps per carrier allow support of
high bandwidth applications.
-Efficiency: By defining acommon bandwidth poolfor station groups, overall network band-
width consumption is reduced by statistical multiplexing.

16 Network Design and Engineering Guide 2010-10-26
Introduction
General Design and Engineering Process
1.4 General Design and Engineering Process
The general design process of a SkyWAN®network is an ongoing process starting with com-
piling the end user requirements. Result is a cost efficient network, fulfilling the service require-
ments defined. The process may be summarized by the following picture:
Figure 1-2 Overview Design and Engineering Process
Good requirement engineering is the basis of a well designed network and should not be ne-
glected. With the customer input information you startto engineer the network including the as-
pects cost, feasibility and product characteristics. If the solution is satisfying, the network will
be implemented. To prove the successfull realization of the requirements some tests have to
be done. If a service does not meet the customer conditions, a new design phase is required.
Customer Input which is required as a starting point for the design typically consists of the fol-
lowing information:
- Description of applications and utilisation scenarios.
- Descripton of the customer network environment.
- Satellite transponder data.
- Station locations.
- General SkyWAN®requirements.
- Specific requirements for IP based applications.
- Specific requirements for Frame Relay applications and the Frame Relay Access Device.
To request these parameters from a customer, a standardized questionnaire form ’SkyWAN®
Network Design and Engineering Requirements’ may be used.
The core SkyWAN®design process can be split into different phases, which are linked:
- The general carrier design, where all carrier specific data is defined.
- The outdoor units design, where all outdoor specific data, including the space segment is
defined.
- The detailed indoor unit design, where all details about hardware and licenses are defined.
- The finalization of the design including costs optimization.
These steps are discussed in detail within the subsequent sections of this guide.