NIEWIADOW N126n User manual

I N S T R U C T I O N M A N U A L
Caravan: N126n, N126nt, N126nn,
N126nl, N126ntl
F a b r y k a P r z y c z e p N i e w i a d ó w S p . z o . o .
R e g i s t e r e d o f f i c e:
u l. S a r m a c k a 1 9 l o k . 1 7 2 , 0 2 - 9 7 2 W a r s z a w a
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 1
2. TECHNICAL DATA ............................................................................2
3. EQUIPMENT............................................................................................. 3
BASIC EQUIPMENT................................................................................ 3
INTERIOR LAYOUTS.............................................................................. 4
ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT..............................................................9
4. CARAVAN OPERATION......................................................................... 9
HITCHING .........................................................................................9
LOADING.................................................................................................10
BEFORE DRIVING.................................................................................10
DRIVING..........................................................................................11
UNHITCHING ..................................................................................11
5. OPERATION, SERVICE, CHASSIS MAINTENANCE ....................12
GENERAL INFORMATION...................................................................12
BALL COUPLING............................................................................12
SUSPENSION.................................................................................12
5.4 WHEELS..................................................................................................12
BRAKING SYSTEM ...............................................................................13
JOCKEY WHEEL....................................................................................14
SIGNALLING SYSTEM ...................................................................14
6. BODYWORK ...................................................................................15
KITCHEN SET.................................................................................15
COOLER..................................................................................................16
INTERIOR HEATING.......................................................................16
SEATING AND SLEEPING AREA ..................................................16
INTERNAL SYSTEMS...........................................................................17
12V WIRING SYSTEM....................................................................17
230V WIRING SYSTEM..................................................................17
GAS SYSTEM .................................................................................18
INSTALLATION OF GAS CYLINDERS...........................................19
PLUMBING SYSTEM......................................................................21
TRAVEL TOILET.............................................................................21
7. BODYWORK MAINTENANCE........................................................22
8. TECHNICAL INSPECTIONS................................................................23
9. USER GUIDELINES........................................................................ 24

1. INTRODUCTION
Thank you for choosing a caravan made by Fabryka Przyczepów
NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o.
Thanks to more than 40 years of experience, we can provide you with a
durable and safe product.
Before using the caravan, please carefully read this instruction manual
and follow the guidelines specified below.
Striving to continuously improve the quality of our products, we reserve
the right to introduce changes resulting from ongoing modernisations, which
have not been included in this instruction manual.
Confident that you will be satisfied with our product, we wish you a safe
journey.
-1-
TECHNICAL DATA
Length
4500 mm
Total width
2050 mm
Total height
2550 mm
Bodywork length
3050 mm
Interior bodywork width
1960 mm
Interior bodywork height
1815 mm
Wheel track
1500 mm
Kerb weight
- N126n
- N126nt
- N126nn
- N126nl
- N126ntl
660 kg
700 kg
660 kg
660 kg
710 kg
Permissible total weight
from 750 kg to 1000 kg
Number of sleeping spots
- N126n
- N126nt
- N126nn
- N126nl
- N126ntl
3 (4*)
2
2+2
2+2
2/3
Dimensions of sleeping spots
-N126n, N126nt
- N126nn
- N126nl
- N126ntl
- front: 1930x1,300 (mm)
- back: 930x650 (mm)
- front: 1930x1,300 (mm)
- back:-side 1700x650 (mm)
- front: 1930x1,300 (mm)
- back:-side1 700x650 (mm)
- front:1930x1,850 (mm)
Please note that the actual measurements may slightly deviate from the weight and
dimensions provided in the description.
NOTE !
Additional equipment for the caravan should be regarded as a load.
* if there is a hammock in the caravan (additional equipment)
-2-

3. EQUIPMENT
BASIC EQUIPMENT
1. Keys for the front door and drawbar box - - 3 pcs.
2. Drawbar jockey wheel - 1 pc.
3. Support crank - 1 pc.
4. Water tank
N126n - 1 pc.
N126nt - 2 pcs.
N126nn - 1 pc.
N126nl - 1 pc.
N126ntl - 2 pcs.
5. Rubber ties or straps for gas cylinders - 3 pcs.
6. Gas stove - 1 pc.
7. Sink - 1 pc.
8. 230V connection cable with a length of 25 lin.m - 1 pc.
9. Electric water pump - 1 pc.
10. Caravan instruction manual - 1 pc.
11. Gas stove manual - 1 pc.
12. Cooler manual - 1 pc.
INTERIOR LAYOUTS
a)
b)
Fig. 1 Day layout (a) and night layout (b) of the N126n caravan (1 - gas stove, 2 - sink, 3
- front sofa, 4 - back sofa, 5 - long table, 6 - short table, 7 - hanging cupboards, 8 - wardrobe, 9 -
sleeping spot of 130x193 cm, 10 - sleeping spot of 65x193 cm)
-3- -4-

-5-
a)
b)
Fig. 2 Day layout (a) and night layout (b) of the N126nt caravan (1 - gas stove,
2. 2 - sink, 3 - front sofa, 4 - long table, 5 - bathroom, 6 - wardrobe, 7 - hanging cupboards,
8 - side closet, 9 - sleeping spot of 130x193 cm).
a)
b)
Fig. 3 Day layout (a) and night layout (b) of the N126nn caravan (1 - gas stove,
2 - sink, 5 - table, 6 - wardrobe, 7- hanging cupboards,9 - sleeping spot of 130x193 cm).
-6-

-7-
a)
b)
Fig. 4 Day layout (a) and night layout (b) of the N126nl caravan (1 - gas stove,
2 - sink, 3 - front sofa, 4 - long table, 5 - back sofa, 7 - hanging cupboards, 8 - side closet, 9 -
sleeping spot of 130x193 cm).
a)
b)
Fig. 5 Day layout (a) and night layout (b) of the N126ntl caravan (1 - gas stove,
2 - sink, 3 - front sofa, 4 - long table, 5 - bathroom, 6 - wardrobe, 7 - hanging cupboards,
8 - sleeping spot of 193x185 cm).
.
-8-

ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT
Fabryka Przyczep NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o. offers the following optional
equipment for its caravans:
1. Vestibule manufactured by NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o.
2. Doorstep
3. Spare wheel
4. Spare wheel holder
5. Hammock manufactured by NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o. (applies to the
N126n caravan)
6. Gas appliance for indoor heating
7. Cooler (gas/230V/12V)
8. Electric heater (5l) for 230V
9. Travel toilet (applies to the N126nt caravan) 10.
Shower (applies to the N126nt caravan) 11. Cooler
manual
12. Indoor heating device manual 13. Electric heater manual
4. CARAVAN OPERATION
HITCHING
1. The caravan should be hitched to the tow ball of the vehicle using a ball
coupling. The correct method of hitching the coupling to the tow ball is provided
in item 5.2. of this instruction manual.
2. The breakaway cable must be hooked up in a way that allows it to apply
the caravan brakes if the coupling comes off the tow ball.
To do this, make a loop out of the cable, place it beneath the ball, and fasten a
snap hook to the cable to prevent it from slipping from the tow ball (Figure 3).
3. Connect the caravan wiring system to the socket of the towing
vehicle. The caravan has a 13-pin connector compliant with ISO
11446.
NOTE !The tow ball should measure
 50-0.39 mm and its horizontal axis
should be located 350

420 mm from the ground when the vehicle is
loaded to its permissible total weight.
LOADING
When loading, make sure that the load is evenly distributed in the caravan
and applies appropriate pressure on the tow ball. The load must be secured to
prevent it from moving. Heavy objects should be placed near the wheel axle (e.g.
in sofas).
Pressure applied on the tow ball should amount to approximately 4% of the
actual weight of the loaded caravan, but a load of about 25 kg ensures the correct
operation of the set while driving.
It is allowed to apply higher pressure, which should not exceed the
maximum value specified in the vehicle documentation and the caravan
homologation certificate.
NOTE !
If loading is not performed in accordance with the above rules, the
negative pressure applied on the coupling may result in the
disconnection of the coupling and the tow ball.
BEFORE DRIVING
1. Check if the coupling is properly hitched to the vehicle tow ball.
2. Check if the caravan lights are working properly.
3. Check if the load is properly distributed and secured against
movement.
4. Put the tables in the "sleeping" position.
5. Turn off all gas appliances.
6. Check the tightness of the fixing screws securing wheels.
7. Disconnect the jockey wheel or pull it upwards as far as possible, pointing
the wheel towards the caravan, and lock it in that position.
8. Lift the folding supports as much as possible.
9. Check if all doors, windows and the roof vent are properly closed.
-9- Fig. 3 -10-

NOTE !The roof vent must be shut tightly when driving.
In addition, the following advice and recommendations should be followed:
- to avoid damaging clothing and bedding by rubbing against the edges of
furniture, they should be transported in covers,
- water containers should be emptied before each trip to avoid
unnecessary loading of the caravan,
- when camping on sloping terrain, it is necessary to place chocks under
both wheels and apply the parking brake,
- when parking the caravan on soft ground, place pads of at least
200x200 mm under the folding supports.
DRIVING
When driving, remember that:
– the braking distance of the vehicle-caravan set is greater than that of the
vehicle alone,
– it is important not to drive the vehicle at full speed at all times and maintain
an increased distance from other vehicles to be able to increase speed in
the event of slippage,
– exercise particular caution at turnings, especially if the surface is wet.
UNHITCHING
1. Disconnect the wiring system, place the plug in the holder.
2. Disconnect the breakaway cable.
3. Unhitch the caravan from the tow ball of the vehicle.
Use the jockey wheel to raise the drawbar and unhitch the coupling from
the tow ball. When lifting the drawbar, exercise particular caution due to the
weight of the load.
After unhitching the caravan, place a cover over the tow ball to prevent
grease from getting on the ball.
-11-
5. OPERATION, SERVICE, CHASSIS MAINTENANCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
It is necessary to regularly check the screw connections.
BALL COUPLING
Depending on their type, caravans made by Niewiadów sp. z o.o. can be
equipped with ball couplings manufactured by KNOTT or AL-KO. To correctly
hitch the coupling, it is necessary to:
1. Unlock the coupling lever by pressing on the projection (or pulling the lever
upwards, which applies to certain types of KNOTT couplings);
2. Rotate the coupling lever towards the front;
3. Place the coupling on the tow ball and press lightly; the coupling will lock
and secure automatically;
KNOTT and some types of AL-KO couplings are equipped with indicators of
the hitching status. When properly fastened, the indicator will show a green field
(KNOTT) or a green field will appear above the spherical part of the coupling body
(AL-KO).
If the ball coupling is properly hitched, there should be no detectable play
between the coupling and the tow ball. Detectable play indicates that the tow ball
or ball coupling is worn, and the vehicle should not be driven.
If a caravan with KNOTT or AL-KO ball coupling is not typically equipped
with a lock to prevent unauthorised unhitching, it is possible to purchase such a
lock as a piece of additional equipment.
SUSPENSION
All caravans manufactured by NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o are fitted with axles
with rubber spring elements. The suspension system does not require
maintenance, but should be subjected to technical inspections in accordance with
rules provided in item 8.
WHEELS
The prerequisite for proper and safe driving is that all caravan tyres must
have the same pressure.
-12-

The optimum tyre pressure for caravans loaded to their maximum
permissible total weight should fall in the range of 0.18 0.01 MPa.
In order to ensure a long service life of tyres, it is necessary to:
– maintain the required tyre pressure,
– avoid driving over kerbs,
– when storing the caravan for long periods of time, support it to prevent the
wheels 9
from touching the ground,
– avoid prolonged static loading.
Use a 19 mm socket wrench to screw on the wheels.
BRAKING SYSTEM
Caravans manufactured by NIEWIADÓW sp. z o.o. are fitted with an
overrun braking system, which consists of:
– overrun device
– transmission,
– wheel braking mechanisms.
During vehicle braking, the inertia of the caravan exerts pressure on the
overrun device, which actuates the braking mechanisms in the caravan wheels
via transmission cables. The design of the braking mechanisms allows reversing
without additional maintenance. When switching from reversing to driving forward,
the braking system is automatically ready to brake.
The caravan has a parking brake system that is activated by a hand lever
located at the overrun device and allows stopping the caravan on slopes up to
16%. The parking brake is only effective when the ratchet lever is on the last
tooth. Insufficient engagement of the lever causes the caravan to brake forwards
without providing adequate braking in the rearward direction.
When parking on a slope for an extended period of time, it is recommended
to place chocks under the wheels in addition to applying the handbrake.
The caravan braking system requires maintenance and adjustment as
described in item 8
-13-
JOCKEY WHEEL
It is designed to support the front of the caravan when rolling, hitching to a car, or
changing a road wheel.
Make that the jockey wheel bolt is always lubricated with grease.
SIGNALLING SYSTEM 11
The caravan is equipped with a 12 V signaling system.
The connection of wires to the terminals of the 13-pin connector and the colours
of wires used to connect them to the corresponding lights are shown below.
Fig.4 Wiring diagram for the 13-pin connector.
-14-
(g) grey
(y) yellow
(b) black
(r) red
(gr) green
(br) brown
(b/w) black/white
(w) white
(bl) blue
(br/bl) brown/blue
Yellow (y) Direction indicator
Blue (bl) Fog lamp
White (w) Chassis ground
Green (gr) Right direction indicator
Brown (br) Right position lamp, licence plate lamp
Red (r) Brake lights
Black (b) Left position light, licence plate lamp
Grey (g) Reversing light
Brown/blue (br/bl) Internal power supply
Black/white (b/w) Chassis ground for pin 9

List of light bulbs used in the signalling system
license plate lamp
front position lamp
12V/5W fuse
rear position lamp
12V/5W bayonet
direction indicator
brake lights
fog lamp
12V/21W bayonet
LED lights can be used optionally.
6. BODYWORK
KITCHEN SET
COOLER
Coolers used by NIEWIADÓW Sp. z o.o. have three power sources:
- 230V
- 12V
- propane-butane gas.
A detailed description of the operation, use and technical data of the
cooler can be found in the supplementary manual (additional equipment).
INTERIOR HEATING
Caravans may be fitted with interior heating units powered by propane-
butane gas with a working pressure of 30mbar.
To start the heater:
- connect the gas cylinder through a suitable reducer
The kitchen set includes a gas stove and a sink. These items have dark glass
lids.
The stove is adapted for propane-butane gas combustion and can be connected
to a gas cylinder only through a suitable pressure reducer (30mbar).
When using a stove in the caravan, provide a continuous exchange of air to ensure
that there is sufficient air for gas combustion and for fumes to escape (open vents
or windows)
To light the burners:
- open the gas cylinder valve and the corresponding valve (applicable when the
caravan is equipped with more than one gas-consuming appliance) in the kitchen
cupboard,
- light the lighter and bring it close to the burner holes,
- turn the valve knob of the selected burner from the "closed" position
counterclockwise to the low or high flame position, press and hold the knob until
the gas ignites.
To extinguish the flame, turn the knob to the "closed"
position.
When not using the stove, the gas cylinder valve should be
unscrew the heating valve located in the kitchen cupboard,
- turn the knob on the appliance (the gas in the appliance ignites
automatically).
When not using the heater, the valve in the kitchen cupboard that
supplies gas to the appliance should be closed.
A detailed description of the operation, use and technical data of the
heater can be found in the supplementary manual (additional equipment).
SEATING AND SLEEPING AREA
To create a seating area:
- attach the table hooks (mounted at the edge of the table) to the aluminium
slat (2) located on the caravan wall,
- unfold the table leg (4) by pushing the button (3),
- press down the buttons (1) of the table hooks.
To create a sleeping area:
- press down the buttons (1) of the table hooks,
- fold the table leg (4) by pushing the button (3),
- remove the table from the aluminium slat (2) and place it on the slat (6) while
laying the table on the bed edges (5).
closed.
1
7
NOTE !
The stove must be used in accordance with the information
contained in the stove manual which is supplied with the caravan.
It is prohibited to connect the stove directyto the cylinder without a
suitable reducer.
-15-
-16-

INTERNAL SYSTEMS
12V WIRING SYSTEM
The 12V internal wiring system is used to power the following devices:
- cooler
- water pump
- gas boiler
- interior lighting
and other devices adapted to 12V voltage.
12V voltage is obtained from the power supply unit or from the car battery.
The system is connected to the vehicle with a 13-pin connector according to
ISO 11446
230V WIRING SYSTEM
To turn on the electrical power supply:
NOTE !:
1. Never use portable cooking appliances or heaters other than
electric heaters that are not sources of direct thermal radiation due
to the risk of fire or suffocation.
2. Never allow unqualified persons to modify electrical systems and
equipment (230V and 12V).
GAS SYSTEM
- connect the caravan to an external 230V power supply (using an
extension cord)
- plug the power supply unit into the 230V socket next to the power supply
unit
- switch on the residual current circuit breaker (located next to the power supply)
List of light bulbs used in the internal system
-17-
Fig. 8. Gas installation diagram.
-18-
front halogen lamp overhead
halogen lamp
G4 12V/20W halogen lamp
side halogen lamp rear halogen
lamp (N126n)
G4 12V/10W halogen lamp
bathroom lamp (N126nt)
12V/5W fuse
1. Gas cylinder (not supplied).
2. W40 rubber hose (optional).
3. Reducer suitable for operation at
30mbar (optional).
4. 8x1 coated steel or copper tube.
5. Valves.
6. Gas stove.
7. Cooler (optional).
8. Heater (optional).
9. Strait joint.
10. Angle joint.

Before starting any of the devices, connect the gas cylinder (1) (not supplied) to
the system through a reducer (3)
(the valves (5) in the kitchen cupboard –if present –should be closed at this
time).
After connecting the cylinder and checking for leaks, unscrew the appropriate
valve in the kitchen cupboard (5) depending on which appliance you want to
use.
NOTE !
All gas appliances provided in caravans are designed to burn a mixture of
propane-butane gas at a pressure of 30mbar, that is why the reducer must
be adjusted to such pressure to ensure proper operation of these
appliances.
INSTALLATION OF GAS
Rules for the installation of gas cylinders.
1. Place the gas cylinder in the special basket inside the container and then
secure it to the container with rubber ties or straps.
2. If there is a warranty seal on the cylinder valve, remove it by making a slight
cut and tearing it off.
3. The reducer connection on the valve has a left-hand thread. Use a 27mm
wrench to loosen the plastic cap and turn it right (clockwise). Tighten the
reducer cap by turning it counterclockwise.
NOTE !
Before removing the plastic nut located on the terminal of the reducer
(on the cylinder valve), check if the cylinder valve is closed.
The connection of the gas cylinder should be performed by a person
holding an appropriate qualification certificate authorising such
operations.
-19-
Rules for checking the tightness of the connection.
1. All connections should be checked for leaks each time a cylinder
is connected to the reducer. For this purpose, lubricate the hose
connection points, the valve and the connection between the
valve and the reducer with soapy water or spray it with a soapy
substance and then open the valve. The absence of expanding
gas bubbles indicates that the system is free of leaks.
2. In the event of leakage of gas from the system, it is necessary to: -
close the cylinder valve, - extinguish all sources of open flame, - refrain from using
devices causing sparks (electric prong sockets, power switches, radios, TV sets,
etc.), - open doors and
windows to thoroughly ventilate the room (liquid gas is heavier than air and
accumulates in lower parts of the room). In justified cases, notify your vendor - the
gas supplier.
3. In the event of a fire in the room or cylinder, if possible, turn off the
valve and remove it from the room into the open air. If this is not possible, cool the
cylinder as much as possible using a stream of water or heavy wet rags. The
presence of gas cylinders in the room on fire should be reported to the supervisor
of the firefighting brigade.
NOTE !:
1. It is forbidden to check the system for leaks using a flame.
2. It is not allowed to cover air vents.
3. It is necessary to regularly check the condition of gas hoses and,
when the need arises but always before the expiration date indicated
on the hoses, replace them with new ones, exclusively approved for
use in gas systems.
4. One approved dry powder or ISO 7165 compliant fire extinguisher,
with a capacity of at least 1 kg, and a fire blanket should be located
near kitchen appliances, in the vicinity of the front door. It is
necessary to familiarise yourself with the fire extinguisher manual
and the local fire protection regulations. Fire extinguisher and
blanket not included
5. Never allow unqualified persons to modify LPG systems or
equipment.
-20-

NOTE !
Improper handling of appliances can result in significant amounts of
gas escaping or poor combustion, which can cause a fire or poisoning.
Carbon monoxide exhaust poisoning manifests as tinnitus, heaviness,
increased heart rate, dizziness, vomiting and general weakness. The
person affected should be given first aid and an ambulance should be
called. When giving first aid, you should:
- take the affected person out into fresh air,
- facilitate breathing by unzipping their clothing,
- administer sobering agents for inhalation (e.g. ammonia),
- cover the patient with a blanket and do not let them fall asleep,
- continuously supervise the state of the patient.
PLUMBING SYSTEM
The plumbing system includes:
- water supply lines
- tanks with capacity of 10l
- water drain line
- electric valve tap
- electric pump with capacity of 12l/min
The water tanks are located in the kitchen cupboard (in the case of N126n,
N126nn, N126nl) or in the bathroom storage compartment (in the case of
N126nt, N126ntl).
Place the pump in the water tank. Water flows out of the tap when the valve is
turned (the pump is turned on automatically).
The water used is discharged through a system of water lines under the
caravan.
It is recommended to park the caravan in a caravan site over a drainage grate
so that the water flowing out does not spill over the sides.
Travel toilet (optional)
The N126nt caravan is (optionally) equipped with a travel toilet. The toilet
is fitted with a tank, accessed from the outside of the caravan through a special
door.
A detailed description of the operation and use of the travel toilet can
be found in the supplementary manual (additional equipment).
-21-
7. BODYWORK MAINTENANCE
Caravan body and windows
Bodywork maintenance consists in keeping it clean. The laminate can be
secured against dirt absorption using wax preparations designed for car
bodyworks and wet cleaned, preferably with special washing agents. Windows
should be washed using a soft cloth, thoroughly rinsed with water and protected
against scratches.
Liner Wall liner should be cleaned using a carpet cleaner or a similar product.
Mattress covers and curtains should be washed using laundry detergent.
Furniture
The stove and sink should be cleaned using water mixed with detergent and wiped
dry.
Do not use agents that may scratch the surface or cause chemical damage.
Floor The floor should be cleaned using warm water mixed with detergent. The
floor should be periodically polished with wax or another floor maintenance
product.
After the end of the season:
- wash the caravan body with car shampoo,
- check the condition of seals at all elements attached to the caravan
(aluminium slats, manoeuvring handles, lights, windows) –losses of sealant
should be supplemented with silicone or MS sealant,
- secure the pins of the connector plug with an agent providing temporary
protection (e.g. WD40),
- apply a coat of automotive protective wax to the caravan body.
-22-

8 TECHNICAL INSPECTIONS
Periodic inspections are essential for safe and reliable use of the caravan. The
User must have the following inspections performed by a specialist workshop
Date
Type of activity
after 2,000 km or
no later than after
6 months*
Wheel bearing adjustment inspection.
Lubrication of the bearing sleeves of the
overrun device.
after 5,000 km or
after 12 months*
Brake system inspection. Brake
shoe adjustment. Wheel bearing
adjustment inspection.
Lubrication of the bearing sleeves of the
overrun device.
after 10,000 km
after 12 months*
Change of grease in the cone bearings of
wheels. Lubrication of the brake cables and
other components of the brake system.
after every 10,000
km or every 12
months
Brake system inspection, adjustment and lubrication.
Wheel bearing adjustment inspection.
Lubrication of the bearing sleeves of the overrun device.
Change of grease in the cone bearings of wheels.
*) whichever comes first
-23-
8. USER GUIDELINES
When towing the caravan:
– It is important not to drive the vehicle at full speed at all times and maintain
an increased distance from other vehicles to be able to increase speed in
the event of slippage,
– Exercise particular caution at turnings, especially if the road is wet,
– The braking distance of the vehicle-caravan set is greater than that of the
vehicle alone,
– When the caravan is parked on a slope, place wheel chocks under the
wheels, and if the caravan is equipped with a brake system, apply the
brakes using the hand lever.
– The maximum permissible weight of the caravan must not exceed that
stated in the towing vehicle documents, even if the law provides for higher
values.
-24-