Nokia M10 User manual

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NTC C33539002SE_A0 Copyright Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Nokia M10
ADSL ROUTER
User’s Manual
C33539.20 B0
DRAFT

Nokia M10 User’s Manual
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COPYRIGHT Nokia Telecommunications Oy 1999
All rights reserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybecopied,distributed,transmitted,transcribed,storedinaretrieval
system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission
of Nokia Telecommunications Oy.
The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in the
documents are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary,
explain issues which may not be covered by the documents. The manufacturer’s liability for any
errors in the documents is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory
services.
The documents have been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel,
and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them.The manufacturer welcomes
customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the
documentationinthebestwaypossiblefromtheuser’sviewpoint. Please submit your comments
to the nearest Nokia sales representative.
NOKIA is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.
Any other trademarks mentioned in the documents are the property of their respective owners.

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Document History
Document Date Comment
C33539002SE_00 17 Dec 1998 First approved version
C33539002SE_A0

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Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction to Nokia M10 1-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 2
Applications and features 2-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 Applications 2-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.1 Internet access using NAPT router 2-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2 Remote work 2-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.3 LAN interconnection using M10 as a bridge 2-4. . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Functionality 2-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Routing 2-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bridging 2-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network Address Port Translation 2-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dynamic Host Configuration 2-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ATM and ADSL 2-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Payload encapsulations 2-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Management 2-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 3
Interfaces and indicator lights 3-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1 10Base-T Ethernet interface 3-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 ADSL line interface 3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Front panel indicator lights 3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STA indicator 3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DSL indicator (ADSL line status) 3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LAN indicators 3-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Chapter 4
Installation 4-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1 Internet access (NAPT router) 4-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 1a: Connect cables (data services only) 4-3. . . . . . . . . .
Step 1b: Connect cables (data and telephone services) 4-3. .
Step 2: Switch power on 4-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 3: Turn on your PC 4-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 4a: Connect to M10 with a Web browser (password
disabled) 4-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 4b: Connect to M10 with a Web browser (password
enabled) 4-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 5a: Configure M10 (password disabled) 4-4. . . . . . . . .
Step 5b: Configure M10 (password enabled) 4-5. . . . . . . . .
Step 6: Surf 4-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Remote work (Basic router) 4-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 1: Connect cables 4-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 2: Turn on your PC and start the terminal software 4-8.
Step 3: Configure the M10 4-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 4: Connect your M10 to the network 4-14. . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 5: Check that the connection works 4-14. . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 LAN interconnection (Basic Ethernet bridge) 4-14. . . . . . . . .
Step 1: Connect cables 4-15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 2: Turn on your PC and start the terminal software 4-15.
Step 3: Configure the M10 using CLI commands 4-15. . . . . .
Step 4: Connect your M10 to the network 4-20. . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 5: Check that the connection works 4-21. . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 Default settings 4-21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 Troubleshooting 4-24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Is the ADSL connection to the remote network working? 4-24
Is the Ethernet connection working? 4-25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Is the ATM connection working? 4-25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Is the PPP connection working? 4-25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 5
Management 5-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 Browser management 5-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.1 Opening a connection 5-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.2 QuickConfig page 5-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
QuickStart settings 5-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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PAP and CHAP Setup settings 5-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PPP Connection Manager settings 5-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.3 Router page 5-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entering router settings 5-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.4 Bridge page 5-11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entering bridge settings 5-11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.5 ATM page 5-12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entering ATM settings 5-12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuring ATM channels 5-13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PPP over ATM (VC-muxed) 5-13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other encapsulations 5-15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.6 NAT pinhole page 5-17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pinhole configuration example 5-17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.7 SNMP page 5-19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entering SNMP settings 5-19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1.8 Monitor page 5-20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Command line interface 5-21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.1 Starting and ending a CLI session 5-21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting from telnet 5-21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecting from the console port 5-21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging in 5-22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entering commands in Nokia M10 CLI 5-22. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ending a CLI session 5-24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the CLI help facility 5-24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saving settings 5-24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.2 The Root command hierarchy 5-24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Root prompt 5-24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Root command shortcuts 5-24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Root commands 5-25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.3 Config command hierarchy 5-40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Config prompt 5-41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Navigating the Config hierarchy 5-41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Displaying current settings 5-43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stepping through M10 configuration 5-43. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Validating your configuration 5-44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Config command reference 5-44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System settings 5-45. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CLI preferences 5-47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ATM settings 5-48. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TCP/IP settings 5-52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Static route settings 5-68. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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BNCP setting 5-72. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DHCP settings 5-73. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Domain Name System settings 5-75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bridging settings 5-76. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DMT (ADSL) setting 5-78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PPP settings 5-79. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SNMP settings 5-85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pinhole settings 5-87. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Integrated server settings 5-89. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 SNMP 5-90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Software download 5-91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 6
How your Nokia M10 works 6-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 ADSL 6-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 ATM and frames over ADSL 6-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 Routing and bridging 6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.1 TCP/IP routing 6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.2 Static and dynamic routes 6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.3 Bridging 6-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4 Network Address Port Translation (NAPT) 6-3. . . . . . . . . .
6.4.1 Pinhole 6-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5 IP address management 6-4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6 Payload encapsulation 6-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7 Point-to-point protocol (PPP) 6-6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7.1 Authentication 6-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7.2 Network configuration 6-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 6-8. . . . . . .
6.8.1 DHCP for LAN clients 6-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.8.2 DHCP for WAN port configuration 6-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.9 Domain Name Service (DNS) relay 6-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix A
Technical specifications A-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.1 Features A-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.2 Mechanical construction and power supply A-2. . . . . . . . . .

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A.3 Ambient conditions, EMC and safety A-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation environment A-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EMC A-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety A-3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glossary

Introduction to Nokia M10
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Nokia M10
Nokia M10 is an ADSL modem which enables high-speed Internet
access and LAN interconnection. It increases the capacity of the
already installed telephone lines used traditionally for telephone
services. M10 enables high-speed connections for residential users,
small offices and telecommuters.
Figure 1-1 Nokia M10
NokiaM10isamodemwithanADSLrouterandbridge.Thisallowsa
PC equipped with a 10Base-T Ethernet interface to be connected to a
remote IP network via a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

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(DSLAM) and an ATM access network. M10 can also act as a bridge
between the Ethernet LAN and ADSL/ATM network interfaces.
The ADSL transmission is based on a DMT line code and it provides
speeds up to 8 Mbit/s downstream (from the network) and 1 Mbit/s
upstream (to the network). M10 can adjust its speed to the line
conditions in steps of 32 kbit/s maximising the data throughput over
the given distance. M10 is compatible with Nokia Eksos B DSLAM.
M10 provides optimised access to high-speed data services. It can be
used to connect telecommuters to the corporate network or netsurfers
to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) network, for example.
As a default, M10 supports plug-and-play operation for an Internet
access application. The ADSL connection, data connection as well as
Internet network addresses are set up automatically.
M10 has an integrated Web server which enables the configuration of
the most frequently used parameters with an ordinary Web browser. It
can also be managed through a command line interface via telnet
protocol or via local console interface.
An external POTS filter enables the simultaneous use of the
conventional telephone service and the ADSL data services.

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Chapter 2
Applications and features
This chapter introduces the most common applications, features and
management method options of M10.
2.1 Applications
M10 has three main applications:
DInternet access
DRemote work
DLAN interconnection
IntheseapplicationexamplesM10canactasarouter,bridgeorNAPT
router. The selected mode for every single application depends on the
access and service provider network architectures. Table 2-1 presents
the different application examples and the respective modes of M10.
The application examples described in this manual are marked with
bold’X’s.SeeChapter6formoreinformationonrouting,bridgingand
Network Address Port Translation.
Application NAPT Router Bridge
Business Internet access XX X
Residential Internet access XX
Remote work XXX
LAN interconnection XX
Table 2-1 Applications and M10 modes

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2.1.1 Internet access using NAPT router
M10 can connect your PC via your operator’s Digital Subscriber Line
Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) and ATM network to an Internet
serviceprovider(ISP).IfyouareconnectedtoasingleISPthenetwork
addresses (IP addresses) in your home can be part of the ISP’s IP
address range. However, in many cases it is more practical that the
homenetworkisanindependentnetworkutilisingprivateIPaddresses
which are not visible to outside and that M10 has only one external IP
address received from the ISP. The external Internet services are
accessed through this single IP address. This mode of operation is
called the Network Port Address Translation (NAPT).
The benefits of NAPT are the minimum coupling of the ISP and the
home network, the saving of public IP addresses, and in–built simple
firewall functionality.
LAN
Nokia M10
10Base-T ATM
network
Internet
ISP Router
DSLAM
Home
network
Home
network
Home
network
Figure 2-1 Internet access using NAPT router

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2.1.2 Remote work
In a typical remote work application M10 is used as an IP router to
provide access to corporate Intranet services. Using routing
functionality between the home and the corporate networks prevents
unnecessary broadcast traffic as well as non-IP protocol traffic from
loading the access connection still providing sufficient transparency
for Intranet applications. M10 routing table can be static or can be
updated dynamically using RIP version 1 and RIP version 2 routing
protocols.
Nokia M10
10Base-T ATM
network
...
Corporate
network
Remote
worker
Remote
worker
Remote
worker
Company
router
DSLAM
Figure 2-2 Remote work using M10 as a standard router

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2.1.3 LAN interconnection using M10 as a bridge
LANinterconnectionbetweenacorporateheadquartersanditsremote
office is another typical application for M10. In the LAN
interconnection application M10 is typically used as an Ethernet
bridge which relays all non-local Ethernet traffic between the
corporate headquarters and remote sites through the ATM core
network.
Thebenefitof bridging inthisapplication example isthetransparency
for all network protocols in a multiprotocol data communications
corporate network.
LAN
Nokia M10
10Base-T ATM
network
Company
bridge
...
LAN
10Base-T
Remote
office 1
Remote
office 2
Corporate
network
DSLAM
Figure 2-3 Internet access and LAN interconnection
2.2 Functionality
M10 can operate as an OSI layer 3 Internet Protocol (IP) router
betweentheEthernetinterfaceandthevirtualchannelsofADSL/ATM
interface. M10 supports both dynamic and static routing.

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Itcanalso operate asaself-learningbridge supporting upto256MAC
addresses.
Routing
Routing is based on routing entries in a routing table. Static routes are
addedviathemanagementinterfaceanddynamicroutingisdoneusing
RIP and RIPv2. Routing is done between the Ethernet 10Base-T
interfaceandthevirtualchannelconnection(VCC)oftheATM/ADSL
interface. Optionally, the routing between the VCCs can be disabled.
M10 supports up to 8 simultaneous VCCs.
Bridging
Bridging is supported if full protocol transparency is required.
Bridging can be used simultaneously with IP routing. M10 works as a
self-learning bridge supportingup to256 MAC addresses.Bridging is
done between the Ethernet 10Base-T interface and each ATM VCC
interface. Optionally, thebridging betweenthe VCCscanbe disabled.
M10 supports up to 8 simultaneous VCCs.
Network Address Port Translation
M10 supports Network Address Port Translation (NAPT) for TCP/IP
and UDP/IP protocols. When NAPT is used a single IP address is
allocated to a VCC to the public IP network. The Ethernet subnet has
private IP addressing and is not visible to the VCC. NAPT translates
theIPsource address andsourceportnumber dynamically totheVCC
IP address and port number. Similarly packets coming from the VCC
are mapped back to the original destination addresses. NAPT allows
up to 253 hosts to share the single VCC IP address to the public
network.TheNetworkAddressPortTranslationprincipleispresented
in Figure 2-4.
NAPT router
192.168.1.254
195.112.12.161
src:192.168.1.112:1228
dst:194.112.11.111:80
src:194.112.11.111:80
dst:192.168.1.112:1228
src:195.112.12.161:1234
dst:194.112.11.111:80
src:194.112.11.111:80
dst:195.112.12.161:1234
Home network (LAN) Internet (WAN)
Figure 2-4 Network Address Port Translation

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NAPT may restrict the operation of some IP applications. NAPT also
operates as a simple IP firewall because translation is only allowed
when the first packet is transmitted from the LAN because the NAPT
table entry is created on when a packet is sent from the home network
tothe Internet.Witha pinhole capability the usercan addstatic entries
to the NAPT table allowing the translation always in both directions.
This capability is used to add servers (HTTP, NNTP, and FTP), which
arevisiblefromthepublic IP network viatheVCC,intheLAN subnet
Dynamic Host Configuration
M10 can act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
server for the PCs in the end-user LAN. In this mode M10 can assign
up to 253 IP addresses to the PCs in the home network.
ATM and ADSL
M10 supports up to 8 simultaneous VCCs and supports UBR
(Unspecified bit rate) traffic shaping on all VCCs. The maximum
transmit rate on each VCC is the ADSL upstream capability. If more
than one VCCs are transmitting simultaneously the ADSL upstream
capabilityistemporarilysharedbetweenthese VCCs.WhenoneVCC
is idle the bandwidth is used by another VCC.
TheADSLtransmissionisbasedontheDMTlinecode.M10provides
a DMT line rate up to 8 Mbit/s downstream and up to 1 Mbit/s
upstream. The DMT transceiver is rate adaptive and capable of
providing faster rates over short distances or slower rates over long
distances. The transceiver adapts itself to the line conditions. The
ADSL interface of M10 functions completely automatically and all
configuration related to the ADSL connection is done at the access
multiplexer in the operator’s premises.
The ATM over ADSL transmission is based on ANSI T1.413 Issue 2
recommendation.
Rateadaptationis doneinsteps of 32kbit/s. The networkoperatorcan
set the data rates as a part of the network management functionality
provided by Nokia Eksos B DSLAM.
Payload encapsulations
BothroutedandbridgedprotocolsareencapsulatedintheATMlinkby
usingeitherRFC1483LLC/SNAPencapsulationorVCmultiplexing.
M10 also supports PPP over AAL5 encapsulation, in which both
bridgedandroutedprotocolsarefirstencapsulatedinPPP(RFC1661).

Applications and features
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PPP is then encapsulated in ATM according to the IETF PPP over
AAL5 using RFC 2364 VC multiplexing.
Routed IP packets can also be encapsulated using LLC/SNAP or
VC-multiplexed Ethernet (bridged) encapsulations. See Chapter 6 for
more information on the payload encapsulations.
2.3 Management
There are four management methods in M10:
DCommand line interface (CLI) over console serial port
DCLI via telnet
DSNMP
DWeb browser management
The CLI allows complete configuration of the unit and the Web
browser management addresses the most frequently used
configuration parameters. SNMPcan beused toread someequipment
identity information and to provide traps for authentication failures.

Nokia M10 User’s Manual
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