Nortel BTR 2400 User manual

Reunion
BTR 2400
Outdoor Microwave Transceiver
Installation Guide
Release 1.1 July 1998
411-1333-200

Reunion
BTR 2400
Outdoor Microwave Transceiver
Installation Guide
Document number: 411-1333-200
Product release: Release 1.1
Document version: Preliminary
Date: July 1998
Copyright Country of printing Confidentiality Legal statements Trademarks
1998 Northern Telecom
Northern Telecom Ltd., all rights reserved
Printed in Canada
NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern
Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information
contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use
same for evaluation, operation, and maintenance purposes only.
Information is subject to change without notice.
REUNION TM is a trademark of Northern Telecom Ltd.

v
Reunion BTR 2400 Installation Guide
Publication history
July 1998
• Initial preliminary release of the document

vi Publication history
411-1333-200 Preliminary July 1998

vii
Reunion BTR 2400 Installation Guide
About this guide
Purpose This guide provides the information required to install and operate the BTR
2400 outdoor microwave transceiver.
The BTR 2400 is a key microwave component in the Nortel ReunionTM base
station providing transmission facility for two-way digital wireless voice,
data and video communications.
The BTR 2400 is one of the RF (Radio Frequency) products that constitute a
Nortel ReunionTM product line. The associated products include the following
types of cell site equipment:
• broadband transmitters
• broadband receivers
• broadband repeaters
• broadband transceivers
Audience The audience for this document are those who install and operate the
BTR 2400. To take full advantage of this guide, you should have a basic
understanding of microwave fundamentals and know how to use microwave
test equipment.

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411-1333-200 Preliminary July 1998
Organization1. This Guide is divided into seven sections:
•Product Overview describes the BTR’s components and theory of
operation.
•Pre-Installation describes the basics of handling the equipment upon
arrival.
•Reunion Safety Standards provide a quick review of general safety
guidelines.
•Installing the BTR 2400 explains how to physically install the transceiver.
•BTR 2400 Maintenance describes basic maintenance procedures to ensure
that the transceiver is operating correctly.
•BTR 2400 Diagnostic Reference Chart provides a quick troubleshooting
guide.
•List of terms provides a quick reference to terms and acronyms found in
the guide.
Customer Support
In addition, Nortel Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) provides 24-hour
customer service and technical support to ensure your service operation is
trouble-free. If you have questions or need technical support, contact Nortel
Broadband Wireless Access at the following telephone numbers:
• In the USA and Canada, call toll free 1 [phone]
• Outside of North America, call [phone]
• Fax [phone]
Write Nortel at:
• Nortel
Broadband Wireless Access
37 Stevenson Road
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3H 0H9
Canada

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Reunion BTR 2400 Installation Guide
Documents to fit Your Needs
The BTR 2400 Installation Guide is designed to provide complete procedural
and technical information needed to install, manage and operate this
equipment.
Nortel Broadband Wireless Access Customer Documentation and Training’s
goal is to furnish concise, efficient and effective documentation that provides
the customers and/or customer service personnel with the precise information
required to operate and manage the specific Nortel Broadband Wireless
Access equipment acquired.
To help serve you better, please identify any information that you:
• cannot find
• had difficulty finding
• think is important to include in the document
Contact us at:
• Customer Documentation and Training
Nortel
Broadband Wireless Access
37 Stevenson Road
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3H 0H9
Canada
Tel: [phone]; Fax: [phone]

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411-1333-200 Preliminary July 1998
Documentation Suite
Reunion Release 1.1 has a suite of eight documents:
Reunion System Overview, 411-1343-010
Reunion System Administration Guide, 411-1343-011
Reunion Network Node Equipment Installation Guide, 411-1313-200
Reunion NIU 6050 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide, 411-1323-200
Reunion BTR 2400 Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
411-1333-200
Reunion CTR 2400 Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
411-1333-201
Reunion Redundancy Switching Matrix Installation Guide, 411-1313-201
Reunion DSS 1000 (Digital System Supervisor) User Guide, 411-1343-500

xi
Reunion BTR 2400 Installation Guide
Contents
Publication history v
About this guide vii
Purpose vii
Audience vii
Organization viii
Customer Support viii
Documents to fit Your Needs ix
Documentation Suite x
Contents xi
BTR 2400 Release 1.1 1-1
Product Overview 1-1
How the BTR 2400 Works 1-2
BTR 2400 Specification 1-4
BTR 2400 Component Descriptions 1-6
Diplexer / Power Supply 1-6
Mixer 1-6
Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO) 1-6
Isolator 1-6
Bandpass Filter 1-6
Low Noise Amplifier 1-7
IF Amplifier 1-7
Power Amplifier 1-7
Remote Monitor 1-7
Antenna 1-7
Pre-Installation 1-8
Prevention of Access 1-8
Unpacking Shipment 1-8
Reunion Safety Standards 1-9
Safety Disclaimer 1-9
General Safety 1-9
Electrical Safety 1-9
Installing the BTR 2400 1-10
Adjusting Antenna Polarity 1-10
Installing the Tower Equipment 1-11
Installing Indoor Equipment 1-12
BTR 2400 Maintenance 1-22
Mechanical Checks 1-22

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411-1333-200 Preliminary July 1998
Grounding 1-22
BTR 2400 Diagnostic Reference Chart 1-23
List of terms 2-1

1-1
Reunion BTR 2400 Installation Guide
1BTR 2400 Release 1.1
Product Overview
The BTR 2400 outdoor transceiver is a state-of-the-art broadband microwave
transceiver designed to operate in the 24.25 to 24.45 GHz frequency band
downstream and the 25.05 to 25.25 GHz frequency band upstream. It is a
combined broadband transmitter and receiver deployed in Reunion’s point-to-
multipoint system.
The BTR 2400 transceiver is mounted on a pole or a building. It features a
small size and low noise characteristics. The combination of digital
modulation and low-loss mounting results in an efficient and low-cost
installation. It has a high-stability reference oscillator.
The BTR 2400 features the following attributes:
• light-weight and compact packaging designed for mounting outdoors
• solid-state upconverter and downconverter designs
• high frequency stability over a wide temperature range
• standard 60 VAC trapezoidal or 48 VDC input for use around the world
The transceiver comprises the following components:
• diplexer
• power supply
•mixers
• local oscillator
•isolators
• bandpass filters
• low noise amplifier (LNA)
• power amplifier
• antenna
• remote monitor unit
• IF amplifier

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411-1333-200 Preliminary July 1998
Figure 1-1
BTR 2400 Block Diagram
How the BTR 2400 Works
This section provides an overview of the theory of operation for the BTR
2400 outdoor transceiver.
Its installation on a pole or building enhances transmitting and receiving
capabilities by avoiding the need for long expensive waveguide runs. This
technique minimizes the power loss from waveguide attenuation, which
results in a highly efficient, compact and cost-effective installation.
The high-stability reference oscillator ensures that the transmitter and
receiver remain on frequency over a wide operating range, which results in a
highly efficient, compact and cost-effective installation.
The radio uses a common input cable to carry the 60 VAC or 48 VDC and
transmit intermediate frequencies (IFs). The power supply and the IF signals
are separated by the diplexer in the radio. The radio uses a common dual pole
antenna for both the transmit and receive microwave signals.
Antenna
Diplexer/PS
P. Amp
LNA
RX Filter
TX Filter
IF Output
IF/PS Input
PLO 15 VDC
Mixer
Mixer
IF AMP Remote Monitor To RSM 9016
IF Test Port
LO Test Port

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Reunion BTR 2400 Installation Guide
1. The BTR transceiver’s input coaxial cable carries the IF signals and the
power supply to the diplexer. The diplexer distributes the power to the
power supply unit and interfaces with the mixer for the IF signals.
2. The 450-650 MHz transmit IF signals enter the mixer which upconverts
the signals to the 24.25-24.45 GHz band for the transmit path. The
received RF band is downconverted to a receive signal in the 150-350
MHz range.
3. The local oscillator (LO) provides local oscillator signal to the mixer. The
LO uses a phase-locked dielectric resonance oscillator (DRO) with a
temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO).
4. The bandpass filters remove the undesired sideband signals, in both the
transmit and receive paths.
5. The upconverted signal is fed into the power amplifier which provides the
required gain to the microwave signals. The power amplifier output is
connected to the antenna through the antenna mounting flange.
6. The received RF simultaneously passes through the antenna mounting
flange, where the pass band is filtered and amplified by the Low Noise
Amplifier (LNA). The signal is fed into the mixer path.
7. The downconverted signal is fed into the IF amplifier which provides the
required gain to the IF signals. The IF amplifier’s output is connected to
the IF (RX) output port.
8. The remote monitor unit is monitoring the BTR 2400 working status,
(temperature, RF output power, power supply voltage and local oscillator
status).
There are five connectors on the outside of the transceiver case:
• The IF (TX) power supply input uses a Type N female jack
• The IF (RX) output uses a Type N female jack
• Telemetry connector uses a 6 pin military style connector
• Test Port (2) use female SMA jack

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BTR 2400 Specification
Table 1: BTR 2400 Technical Specifications
TX IF Input RF Output
Frequency Range 450-650 MHz 24.25-24.45 GHz
P-Amp Output Level (P1) >+30 dBm
P-Amp Output Level (IP3) > +38 dBm
Input Impedance 50 Ohms
Input/Output Connector N Type Female Antenna Mounting Flange
Input/Output VSWR 1.5:1, maximum 1:5:1, maximum
Gain (not including
antenna) 28 dB, minimum
Gain vs. Temperature
(-40 to +50° C) ±3.0 dB
Gain Flatness ±1.5 dB over 200 MHz BW
Out-band Spurious
Emission <-30 dBm
Frequency Stability
(-40 to +50° C) <±2 ppm
RX RF Input IF Output
Frequency Range 25.05-25.25 GHz 150 - 350 MHz
Nominal Input Level - 50 dBm
Input/Output Connector Antenna Mounting Flange N Type Female
Input/Output VSWR 1.5:1, maximum 1.5:1, maximum
Gain (not including
antenna) 25 dB, minimum
Gain Flatness ±1.5 dB
Frequency Stability
(-40 to +50° C) <±2 ppm
Noise Figure < 6 dB
RX Test Port - 15 dBc

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Reunion BTR 2400 Installation Guide
Note: Use the following formula to calculate the converted frequency:
TX: ƒRF OUT (GHz) = 24.9 - ƒIF IN (GHz)
RX: ƒIF OUT (GHz) = ƒRF IN (GHz) - 24.9
Antenna BTR
Frequency 24.25-25.25 GHz
Gain 10-30 dBi
Input/output microwave connector
for the antenna WR-42
Mounting Flange Orientation 45°
Mounted on transceiver housing WR-28 flange
Size (Height x Weight x Depth) 6" x 3" x 12"
TX / RX wave polarity linear, orthogonal
Sectorized Angle Available 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°
Power Supply BTR
Input Voltage 60 VAC or ±48-72 VDC
Input Frequency 40 - 80 Hz
Input Power 100 Watts, maximum
Environmental BTR
Humidity 100% condensing
Operating Temperature -40° to +50°C
Storage Temperature Range -45° to +85°C
Mechanical BTR
Size (Height x Width x Depth) 19.2" x 10.3" x 6.7"
Weight without brackets 35 lbs. (16KG)

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BTR 2400 Component Descriptions
Diplexer / Power Supply
The diplexer separates the IF input signals and the DC power supply. The
isolation between the IF path and the power supply path is more than 45 dB.
There is also a transient voltage protector on the board to protect the
transceiver from possible lightning damage.
The 60 VAC/48 VDC power from the diplexer is first regulated to 15 VDC,
and then sent to all the modules.
Mixer The BTR 2400 uses a third harmonic mixer. The mixer uses a 8.3 GHz local
oscillator (LO) signal to convert the IF input signals to the 24.25-25.45 GHz
microwave frequency band. The same LO is used to downconvert the
incoming microwave signals to the receive IF frequency band.
Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO)
The Dielectric Resonance Oscillator is equipped with a TCXO reference
oscillator. When the DRO is phase-locked, it provides a 8.3 GHz microwave
frequency with the same frequency stability as the reference crystal.
When the DRO is phase-locked, the phase-locked voltage at the test port on
the DRO can vary from 3 VDC to 12 VDC depending on the chassis
temperature and the input reference frequency. The voltage at the alarm test
port is approximately 5 VDC.
When the DRO is unlocked, the phase-locked voltage becomes an oscillating
ramp wave. The voltage at the alarm test port goes down to 0 VDC.
IsolatorFour isolators provide adequate return loss in the BTR 2400. Each isolator’s
maximum forward insertion loss is 0.5 dB, and its return loss is greater than
20 dB.
Bandpass Filter
The bandpass filter removes the undesired sideband elements and LO
leakage, and passes the required sideband signals.

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Reunion BTR 2400 Installation Guide
Low Noise Amplifier
The low noise amplifier (LNA) provides gain in the receive path and
amplifies the received microwave signals to the mixer. The gain and noise
figure of the LNA are chosen to maximize the overall dynamic range and
noise performance of the BTR 2400 receiver section.
IF Amplifier
The IF amplifier provides gain in the downconverted received signals to the
required level. It uses a standard CATV amplifier with 50 Ohms input and
output impedance.
Power Amplifier
The power amplifier provides gain in the transmit path. It boosts the signals in
the 24.25-24.45 GHz frequency range to the required level. The amplifier is a
solid state amplifier that has high linearity within a high output power range.
Remote Monitor
The remote monitor unit provides an interface for remotely monitoring the
BTR 2400. The unit communicates with the RSM 9016 by way of a shielded
twisted pair wire cable. An operator can remotely measure and monitor RF
output power (0 to 30 dBm), DRO phase voltage (0 to 15 volts), DRO phase
lock alarm (0, 1), internal temperature (-40 to +80°C) and power supply
voltage (15 volts). Refer the Reunion Redundancy Switching Matrix
Installation Guide, 411-1313-201, and the Reunion DSS 1000 (Digital System
Supervisor) User Manual, 411-1343-500.
Antenna
The BTR 2400 uses a dual pole antenna for transmitting and receiving RF
signals. Physically, the antenna consists of two horns. One horn is connected
to the transmit side and the other one is connected to the receiver RF input.
The transmit wave and receive wave polarities are always orthogonal,
allowing the maximum isolation between the TX wave and the RX wave. The
TX wave polarity is defined as BTR 2400 polarity.

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Pre-Installation
Prevention of Access
Allow only authorized personnel to access the equipment. Install the
equipment in a restricted-access location or similar environment. Failure to
prevent unauthorized user access invalidates the equipment warranty.
Unpacking Shipment
UsethefollowingstepstounpackandinspecttheshipmentofNortelBroadband
Wireless Access equipment:
1. Copy adequate inventory forms
2. Check each package against the order form and packing slip to ensure that
all components are received
3. Check each package for signs of damage
4. Open the package and closely inspect all components for obvious signs of
damage
5. Know exactly where you are going to place the equipment, before
removing them from the package
6. Carefully remove the equipment from the packaging
7. Save packing material for future use
8. Be aware of electrostatic discharge devices (ESD) requirements when
handling BWA equipment
Note: For more information, refer to the Electronic Industries
Association (EIA) standard, Requirements for Handling Electrostatic-
Discharge-Sensitive Devices (ESDS), EIA-625, as well as local and
national standards.