Nortel CTR 38 GHz User manual

Reunion
CTR 38 GHz
Sub-Band 38-02P
Outdoor Microwave Transceiver
Installation Guide
Release 1.2 March 1999
411-1333-205

Reunion
CTR 38 GHz
Outdoor Microwave Transceiver
Installation Guide
Document number: 411- 1333 - 205.01.02
Product release: Release 1.2
Document version: Preliminary
Date: March 1999
Copyright Country of printing Confidentiality Legal statements Trademarks
1999 Northern Telecom
Northern Telecom Ltd., all rights reserved
Printed in Canada
NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern
Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information
contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties anduse
same for evaluation, operation, and maintenance purposes only.
Information is subject to change without notice.

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Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide
Publication history
December 1998
• Draft release of the document
• Information subject to change without notice
March 1999
• Preliminary release of the document
• Information subject to change without notice

vi
411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999

vii
Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide
About this guide
Purpose This guide provides the information required to install and operate the
CTR 38 Ghz outdoor microwave transceiver.
The CTR 38 Ghz is one of the Radio Frequency (RF) products that constitute
a Nortel Networks Reunion product line. The associated products include the
following types of cell site equipment:
• broadband transmitters
• broadband receivers
• broadband repeaters
• broadband transceivers
Audience The audience for this document are those who install and operate the
CTR 38 Ghz. To take full advantage of this guide, you should have a basic
understanding of microwave fundamentals and know how to use microwave
test equipment.

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411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
OrganizationThis Guide is divided into seven sections:
•Product Overview describes the CTR 38 Ghz’s components and theory of
operation.
•Pre-Instalation describes the basics of handling the equipment upon
arrival.
•Reunion Safety Standards provide a quick review of general safety
guidelines.
•Installing the CTR 38 Ghz explains how to physically install the
transceiver.
•CTR 38 GHz Maintenance describes basic maintenance procedures to
ensure that the transceiver is operating correctly.
•CTR 38 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart provides a quick
troubleshooting guide.
•Grounding and Surge Protection explains basic grounding and lightening
protections requirements and methods for the Reunion equipment.
•List of terms provides a quick reference to terms and acronyms found in
the guide.

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Reunion CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide
Documentation Suite
This Reunion Release has a suite of fifteen documents:
Reunion System Overview, 411- 1343 - 010
Reunion Network Node Equipment Installation Guide, 411- 1313 - 200
Reunion NIU 6054 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 201
Reunion NIU 6154 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 202
Reunion NIU 5008 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 203
Reunion BTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 202
Reunion CTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 203
Reunion BTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 204
Reunion CTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 205
Reunion Redundancy Switching Matrix Installation Guide, Release 1.2,
411- 1313 - 201
Reunion Procedures Reference Manual, 411-1343-400
DSS for the NNE User Guide, 411-1343-501
Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 6054 User Guide, 411-1343-502
Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 6154 User Guide, 411-1343-503
Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 5008 User Guide, 411-1343-504

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411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
Customer Support
In addition, Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) provides
24-hourcustomerserviceandtechnicalsupporttoensureyourserviceoperation
is trouble-free. If you have questions or need technical support, contact Nortel
Networks Broadband Wireless Access at the following telephone numbers:
• In the USA and Canada, call 972-BWA-ETAS/972-292-3827
• Fax [phone]
Write Nortel Networks at:
• Nortel Networks
Broadband Wireless Access
14 Fultz Blvd.
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3Y 1V3
Canada

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CTR 38 Ghz Installation Guide
Contents
Publication history v
About this guide vii
Purpose vii
Audience vii
Organization viii
Documentation Suite viii
Customer Support ix
Contents xi
CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-1
Product Overview 1-1
How the CTR 38 GHz Works 1-2
CTR 38 GHz Specification 1-4
CTR 38 GHz Component Descriptions 1-6
Diplexer / Power Supply 1-6
Mixer 1-6
Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO) 1-6
Isolator 1-6
Bandpass Filter 1-6
Low Noise Amplifier 1-7
Power Amplifier 1-7
Duplexer 1-7
Antenna 1-7
Pre-Installation 1-8
Prevention of Access 1-8
Unpacking Shipment 1-8
Reunion Safety Standards 1-9
Safety Disclaimer 1-9
General Safety 1-9
Electrical Safety 1-9
Installing the CTR 38 GHz 1-10
Mounting Bracket Assembly 1-10
Installing the Tower Equipment 1-11
Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 5008 only) 1-12
Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 6054 only) 1-13
CTR 38 GHz Maintenance 1-20
Mechanical Checks 1-20
CTR 38 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart 1-21

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Grounding and Surge Protection 2-1
Grounding/Lightning Protection 2-1
Scope 2-1
Grounding Methods/Indoor Equipment 2-1
Wire Gauge Guidelines 2-2
Outdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protection 2-3
Ground connections to outdoor equipment 2-7
Regulatory Considerations 2-10
List of terms 3-1

1-1
Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide
1CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2
Product Overview
The CTR 38 GHz outdoor transceiver is a customer premise transceiver
designed to operate in the Receiver (RX) 39.45 to 39.65 GHz and Transmitter
(TX) 38.75 to 38.95 GHz frequency bands. It is a Nortel Reunion product
which operates in conjunction with base station products. It is compatible
with Reunion’s Release 1.2 equipment.
The CTR 38 GHz transceiver is mounted on a pole or a building. It features a
small size and low noise characteristics. The combination of digital
modulation and low-loss mounting results in an efficient and low-cost
installation. It has a high-stability reference oscillator.
The CTR 38 GHz features the following attributes:
• light-weight and compact packaging designed for mounting outdoors
• solid-state upconverter and downconverter designs
• high frequency stability over a wide temperature range
• standard 18 VDC input for use around the world
The transceiver comprises the following components:
•diplexer
• power supply
•mixers
• local oscillator
•isolators
• bandpass filters
• low noise amplifier (LNA)
• power amplifier
• duplexer
• antenna

1-2 CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2
411-1333-205.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
Figure 1-1
CTR 38 GHz Block Diagram
How the CTR 38 GHz Works
This section provides an overview of the theory of operation for the CTR 38
GHz outdoor transceiver.
Its installation on a pole or building enhances transmitting and receiving
capabilities by avoiding the need for long expensive waveguide runs. This
technique minimizes the power loss from waveguide attenuation, which
results in a highly efficient, compact and cost-effective installation. Minimum
maintenance is required.
The high-stability reference oscillator ensures that the transmitter and
receiver remain on frequency over a wide operating range.
The radio uses a common input cable to carry the 18 VDC and transmit
intermediate frequency (IF) signals. The DC power supply and the IF signals
are separated by the diplexer in the radio. The radio uses a common antenna
for both the transmit and receive microwave signals.
18 VDC Diplexer
12 VDC TX Filter P. Amp. TX Filter
Antenna
Duplexer
RX FilterLNARX Filter
VHF-AMP
IF Output
DRO
Mixer
Mixer
LO Test Port
IF/PS Input
Power Supply

CTR 38 GHz Release 1.2 1-3
Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide
1. The CTR transceiver’s input coaxial cable carries the IF signals and the 18
VDC power supply to the diplexer. The diplexer distributes the DC power
to the power supply unit and interfaces with the mixer for the IF signals.
2. The 450-650 MHz transmit IF signals enter the mixer which upconverts
the signals to the 38.75 to 38.95 GHz band for the transmit path. The
received 39.45 to 39.65 GHz RF band is downconverted to a receive
signal in the 50-250 MHz range.
3. The local oscillator (LO) provides local oscillator signal to the mixer. The
LO uses a phase-locked dielectric resonance oscillator (DRO) with an
oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO).
4. The bandpass filters remove the undesired sideband signals, in both the
transmit and receive paths.
5. The upconverted signal is fed into the power amplifier which provides the
required gain to the microwave signals. The power amplifier output is
connected to the antenna through the filter and duplexer.
6. The received RF simultaneously passes through the antenna, the band
pass filter, the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), and enters the downconverter
mixer.
There are three connectors on the outside of the transceiver case:
• The IF (TX) and power supply input uses a Type N female jack
• The IF (RX) output uses a Type N female jack
• Test Port uses SMA jack

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CTR 38 GHz Specification
Table 1: CTR 38 GHz Specifications
TX IF Input RF Output
Frequency Range 450-650 MHz 38.75-38.95 GHz
Output Level (P1dB) >21 dBm, -40° to +30° C
>20.7 dBm, +30° to +50° C
>20.2 dBm, +50° to +55° C
Output Level (IP3) 29.0 dBm, -40° to +30° C
28.7 dBm, +30° to +50° C
28.3 dBm, +50° to +55° C
Input Impedance 50 Ohms
Input/Output Connector N Type Female WR-28 Cover Flange
Input VSWR 1.8:1, max 1.6:1, max
Gain (not including antenna) 27 ±5 dB
Gain over Temperature ±2.0 dB, (-40° to +55° C)
Gain Flatness ±1.5 dB over bandwidth
Frequency Stability ±2 ppm, max, (-40° to +55° C)
RX RF Input IF Output
Frequency Range 39.45-39.65 GHz 50-250 MHz
Nominal Input Level - 50 dBm
Input/Output Connector WR-28 N Type Female
Output VSWR 1.6:1, max 1.6:1, max
Gain (not including antenna) 39 ±5 dB
Gain Stability ±2.0 dB over temperature
Gain Flatness ±1.5 dB over bandwidth
Output Impedance 50 Ohms
Noise Figure < 7.5 dB, -40° to +30° C
< 7.8 dB, +30° to +50° C
<8.3 dB, +50° to +55° C
Frequency Stability ±2 ppm, (-40° to +55°C)
Test Port -20, SMA

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Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide
Note: Use the following formula to calculate the converted frequency:
TX: ƒRF OUT (GHz) = 39.4 - ƒIF IN (GHz)
RX: ƒIF OUT (GHz) = ƒRF IN (GHz) -39.4
Antenna CTR
Frequency 38-40 GHz
Gain 30 dB, minimum
TX / RX wave polarity linear, single pole
Full Duplex one antenna
Power Supply CTR
Input Voltage 16 VDC, 3A, max
diplexed with TX cable
Input Current <3 Amp
Input Power 48 Watts, maximum
Environmental CTR
Humidity 100% condensing
Operating Temperature
(base plate) -40 to +55° C
Storage Temperature Range -60 to +75° C
Mechanical CTR
Size (Height x Diameter) 15.19" x 12.4"
Weight without brackets 7 lbs. (3.2 KG)

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CTR 38 GHz Component Descriptions
Diplexer / Power Supply
The diplexer separates the IF input signals and the DC power supply. The
isolation between the IF path and the power supply path is more than 45 dB.
A transient voltage protector on the board helps to protect the transceiver
from possible lightning damage.
The 18 VDC power from the diplexer is first regulated to 12 VDC for all the
modules.
Mixer The CTR 38 GHz uses a third harmonic mixer. The mixer uses a third
harmonic local oscillator (LO) signal to convert the IF input signals to the
38.75-38.95 GHz microwave frequency band. The same LO is used to
downconvert the incoming microwave signals to the receive IF frequency
band.
Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO)
The Dielectric Resonance Oscillator is equipped with a OCXO reference
oscillator. When the DRO is phase-locked, it provides a 13.133333 GHz
microwave frequency stability derived from the reference crystal.
When the DRO is phase-locked, the phase-locked voltage at the test port on
the DRO can vary from 3 VDC to 10 VDC. The voltage at the alarm test port
is approximately 5 VDC.
When the DRO is unlocked, the phase-locked voltage becomes an oscillating
ramp wave. The voltage at the alarm test port goes down to 0 VDC.
IsolatorThree isolators provide adequate return loss in the CTR 38 GHz. Each
isolator’s maximum forward insertion loss is 0.5 dB, and its return loss is
greater than 18 dB.
Bandpass Filter
The bandpass filter removes the undesired sideband elements and LO
leakage, and passes the required sideband signals.

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Reunion CTR 38 GHz Installation Guide
Low Noise Amplifier
The low noise amplifier (LNA) provides gain in the receive path and
amplifies the received microwave signals to the mixer. The gain and noise
figure of the LNA are chosen to maximize the overall dynamic range and
noise performance of the CTR 38 GHz receiver section.
Power Amplifier
The power amplifier provides gain in the transmit path. It boosts the signals in
the 38.75-38.95 GHz frequency range to the required level. The amplifier is a
solid state amplifier that has high linearity within a high output power range.
Duplexer
The CTR 38 GHz uses the duplexer to combine and separate the transmit and
receive RF signals, allowing use of a common antenna for receiver and
transmitter.
Antenna
The CTR 38 GHz uses a reflector antenna to transmit and receive RF signals.
The CTR polarity must be polarized with the BTR polarity. The CTR 38 GHz
operates only in a vertical or a horizontal polarization.
Note: V= vertical TX wave polarization
H= horizontal TX wave polarization
Note: Lightening arrestors are not supplied with the CTR transceiver.

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Pre-Installation
Prevention of Access
Allow only authorized personnel to access the equipment. Install the
equipment in a restricted-access location or similar environment. Failure to
prevent unauthorized user access invalidates the equipment warranty.
Unpacking Shipment
Usethe followingstepsto unpackand inspectthe shipmentofNortel Networks
Broadband Wireless Access equipment:
1. Copy adequate Inventory Forms
2. Check each package against the order form and packing slip to ensure that
all components are received
3. Check each package for signs of damage
4. Open the package and closely inspect all components for obvious signs of
damage
5. Know exactly where you are going to place the equipment, before
removing them from the package
6. Carefully remove the equipment from the packaging
7. Save packing material for future use
8. Be aware of electrostatic discharge devices (ESD) requirements when
handling BWA equipment
Note: For more information, refer to the Electronic Industries
Association (EIA) standard, Requirements for Handling Electrostatic-
Discharge-Sensitive Devices (ESDS), EIA-625, as well as local and
national standards.