Nortel CTR 2800 User manual

Reunion
CTR 28 GHz
Sub-Bands 28-01P1, 28-01P2 and 28-07P
Outdoor Microwave Transceiver
Installation Guide
Release 1.2 March 1999
411- 1333 -203

Reunion
CTR 2800
Outdoor Microwave Transceiver
Installation Guide
Document number: 411- 1333 - 203.01.02
Product release: Release 1.2
Document version: Preliminary
Date: March 1999
Copyright Country of printing Confidentiality Legal statements Trademarks
1999 Northern Telecom
Northern Telecom Ltd., all rights reserved
Printed in Canada
NORTHERN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern
Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information
contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties anduse
same for evaluation, operation, and maintenance purposes only.
Information is subject to change without notice.

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Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
Publication history
September 1998
• Draft release of the document
• Subject to change without notice
March 1999
• Preliminary release of the document
• Subject to change without notice

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411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999

vii
Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
About this guide
Purpose This guide provides the information required to install and operate the
CTR 28 GHz outdoor microwave transceiver.
The CTR 28 GHz is one of the Radio Frequency (RF) products that constitute
a Nortel Reunion product line. The associated products include the following
types of cell site equipment:
• broadband transmitters
• broadband receivers
• broadband repeaters
• broadband transceivers
Audience The audience for this document are those who install and operate the
CTR 28 GHz. To take full advantage of this guide, you should have a basic
understanding of microwave fundamentals and know how to use microwave
test equipment.

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411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
OrganizationThis Guide is divided into seven sections:
•Product Overview describes the CTR 2800’s components and theory of
operation.
•Pre-Instalation describes the basics of handling the equipment upon
arrival.
•Reunion Safety Standards provide a quick review of general safety
guidelines.
•Installing the CTR 2800 explains how to physically install the transceiver.
•CTR 2800 Maintenance describes basic maintenance procedures to ensure
that the transceiver is operating correctly.
•CTR 2800 Diagnostic Reference Chart provides a quick troubleshooting
guide.
•Grounding and Surge Protection explains basic grounding and lightening
protection requirements and methods for the Reunion equipment.
•List of terms provides a quick reference to terms and acronyms found in
the guide.

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Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
Documentation Suite
This Reunion Release has a suite of fifteen documents:
Reunion System Overview, 411- 1343 - 010
Reunion Network Node Equipment Installation Guide, 411- 1313 - 200
Reunion NIU 6054 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 201
Reunion NIU 6154 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 202
Reunion NIU 5008 Network Interface Unit Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1323 - 203
Reunion BTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 202
Reunion CTR 28 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 203
Reunion BTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 204
Reunion CTR 38 GHz Outdoor Microwave Transceiver Installation Guide,
Release 1.2, 411- 1333 - 205
Reunion Redundancy Switching Matrix Installation Guide, Release 1.2,
411- 1313 - 201
Reunion Procedures Reference Manual, 411-1343-400
DSS for the NNE User Guide, 411-1343-501
Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 6054 User Guide, 411-1343-502
Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 6154 User Guide, 411-1343-503
Reunion DSS 1000 for the NIU 5008 User Guide, 411-1343-504

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411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
Customer Support
In addition, Nortel Networks Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) provides
24-hourcustomerserviceandtechnicalsupporttoensureyourserviceoperation
is trouble-free. If you have questions or need technical support, contact Nortel
Networks Broadband Wireless Access at the following telephone numbers:
• In the USA and Canada, call 972-BWA-ETAS/972-292-3827
• Fax [phone]
Write Nortel Networks at:
• Nortel Networks
Broadband Wireless Access
14 Fultz Blvd.
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3Y 1V3
Canada

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CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
Contents
Publication history v
About this guide vii
Purpose vii
Audience vii
Organization viii
Documentation Suite ix
Customer Support x
Contents xi
CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-1
Product Overview 1-1
How the CTR 28 GHz Works 1-2
CTR 28 GHz Specification 1-4
CTR 28 GHz Component Descriptions 1-6
Diplexer / Power Supply 1-6
Mixer 1-6
Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO) 1-6
Isolator 1-6
Bandpass Filter 1-6
Low Noise Amplifier 1-7
Power Amplifier 1-7
Duplexer 1-7
Antenna 1-7
Pre-Installation 1-8
Prevention of Access 1-8
Unpacking Shipment 1-8
Reunion Safety Standards 1-9
Safety Disclaimer 1-9
General Safety 1-9
Electrical Safety 1-9
Installing the CTR 28 GHz 1-10
Mounting Bracket Assembly 1-10
Installing the Tower Equipment 1-11
Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 5008 only) 1-12
Installing Indoor Equipment (NIU 6054 only) 1-13
CTR 28 GHz Maintenance 1-20
Mechanical Checks 1-20
CTR 28 GHz Diagnostic Reference Chart 1-21

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411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
Grounding and Surge Protection 2-1
Grounding/Lightning Protection 2-1
Scope 2-1
Grounding Methods/Indoor Equipment 2-1
Wire Gauge Guidelines 2-2
Outdoor Equipment: the need for surge (lightning) protection 2-3
Ground connections to outdoor equipment 2-7
Regulatory Considerations 2-10
List of terms 3-1

1-1
Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
1CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2
Product Overview
The CTR 28 GHz outdoor transceiver is a customer premise transceiver
designed to operate in the Receiver (RX) 27.5485 to 27.7485 GHz and
Transmitter (TX) 28.5565 to 28.7565 GHz frequency bands. It is a Nortel
Reunion product which operates in conjunction with base station products. It
is compatible with Reunion’s Release 1.2 equipment.
The CTR 28 GHz transceiver is mounted on a pole or a building. It features a
small size and low noise characteristics. The combination of digital
modulation and low-loss mounting results in an efficient and low-cost
installation. It has a high-stability reference oscillator.
The CTR 28 GHz features the following attributes:
• light-weight and compact packaging designed for mounting outdoors
• solid-state upconverter and downconverter designs
• high frequency stability over a wide temperature range
• standard 18 VDC input for use around the world
The transceiver comprises the following components:
•diplexer
• power supply
•mixers
• local oscillator
•isolators
• bandpass filters
• low noise amplifier (LNA)
• power amplifier
• duplexer
• antenna

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411- 1333 - 203.01.02 Preliminary March 1999
Figure 1-1
CTR 28 GHz Block Diagram
How the CTR 28 GHz Works
This section provides an overview of the theory of operation for the CTR 28
GHz outdoor transceiver.
Its installation on a pole or building enhances transmitting and receiving
capabilities by avoiding the need for long expensive waveguide runs. This
technique minimizes the power loss from waveguide attenuation, which
results in a highly efficient, compact and cost-effective installation. Minimum
maintenance is required.
The high-stability reference oscillator ensures that the transmitter and
receiver remain on frequency over a wide operating range.
The radio uses a common input cable to carry the 18 VDC and transmit
intermediate frequency (IF) signals. The DC power supply and the IF signals
are separated by the diplexer in the radio. The radio uses a common antenna
for both the transmit and receive microwave signals.
18 VDC Diplexer
12 VDC TX Filter P. Amp. TX Filter
Antenn
a
Duplexer
RX FilterLNARX Filter
VHF-AMP
IF Output
DRO
Mixer
Mixer
LO Test Port
IF/PS Input
Power Supply

CTR 28 GHz Release 1.2 1-3
Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
1. The CTR transceiver’s input coaxial cable carries the IF signals and the 18
VDC power supply to the diplexer. The diplexer distributes the DC power
to the power supply unit and interfaces with the mixer for the IF signals.
2. The 450-650 MHz transmit IF signals enter the mixer which upconverts
the signals to the 28.5565-28.7565 GHz band for the transmit path. The
received 27.5485-27.7485 RF band is downconverted to a receive signal
in the 358-558 MHz range.
3. The local oscillator (LO) provides local oscillator signal to the mixer. The
LO uses a phase-locked dielectric resonance oscillator (DRO) with an
oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO).
4. The bandpass filters remove the undesired sideband signals, in both the
transmit and receive paths.
5. The upconverted signal is fed into the power amplifier which provides the
required gain to the microwave signals. The power amplifier output is
connected to the antenna through the filter and duplexer.
6. The received RF simultaneously passes through the antenna, the band
pass filter, the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), and enters the downconverter
mixer.
There are three connectors on the outside of the transceiver case:
• The IF (TX) and power supply input uses a Type N female jack
• The IF (RX) output uses a Type N female jack
• Test Port uses SMA jack

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CTR 28 GHz Specification
Table 1: CTR 28 GHz Specifications
TX IF Input RF Output
Frequency Range 28-01P1
28-01P2
28-07P
538-650 MHz 28.5565-28.6685 GHz
28.6405-28.7525 GHz
28.2-28.35 GHz
Output Level (P1dB) ≥21 dBm, -40° to +30°C
≥20.7 dBm, +31° to +50°C
≥20.2 dBm, +51° to +55°C
Output Level (IP3) >28 dBm, min.
Input Impedance 50 Ohms
Input/Output Connector N Type Female WR-28 Cover Flange
Input VSWR 1.8:1, max 1.6:1, max (or 13 dB)
Gain (not including
antenna) 22 dB
Gain Stability ±2.0 dB over temperature
Gain Flatness ±1 dB over bandwidth
Frequency Stability ±2 ppm, (-40° to +55°C)
RX RF Input IF Output
Frequency Range 28-01P1
28-01P2 27.5485-27.6605 GHz
27.6325-27.7445 358-470 MHz
Nominal Input Level - 26 dBm
Output Impedance 50 Ohms
Input/Output Connector WR-28 N Type Female
Output VSWR 1.6:1, max (or 13 dB) 1.8:1, max
Gain (not including
antenna) 34 dB, minimum
Gain Stability <±3.0 dB over temperature
Gain Flatness <±1.5 dB over bandwidth
Noise Figure < 8 dB, -40° to +30°C
< 8.3 dB, +31° to +50°C
< 8.7 dB, +51° to +55°C
Frequency Stability <±2.7 ppm, (-40° to +55°C)
Test Port -20 SMA

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Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
Note: Use the following formula to calculate the converted frequency:
TX: ƒRF OUT (GHz) = ƒIF IN (GHz) + 28.1065
RX: ƒIF OUT (GHz) = 28.1065 - ƒRF IN (GHz)
Antenna CTR
Frequency 27.5-29.5 GHz
Gain 35 dBi, minimum
TX / RX wave polarity linear, single pole
Beam Width (3dB) 2.6°
Diameter 1’ (30.5 cm)
Power Supply CTR
Input Voltage 18 VDC, 3A, max
diplexed with TX cable
Input Current <3 Amp
Input Power 54 Watts, maximum
Environmental CTR
Humidity 100% condensing
Altitude 10,000 feet
Operating Temperature -40° to +55°C
Storage Temperature Range -45° to +85°C
Mechanical CTR
Size (Height x Diameter) 15.2" x 12.4" (38.5 x 31.5 cm)
Weight without brackets 7 lbs. (3.2 KG)

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CTR 28 GHz Component Descriptions
Diplexer / Power Supply
The diplexer separates the IF input signals and the DC power supply. The
isolation between the IF path and the power supply path is more than 45 dB.
A transient voltage protector on the board helps to protect the transceiver
from possible lightning damage.
The 18 VDC power from the diplexer is first regulated to 12 VDC for all the
modules.
Mixer The CTR 28 GHz uses a third harmonic mixer. The mixer uses a 9.368833
GHz local oscillator (LO) signal to convert the IF input signals to the
27.5485-27.7485 GHz microwave frequency band. The same LO is used to
downconvert the incoming microwave signals to the receive IF frequency
band.
Dielectric Resonance Oscillator (DRO)
The Dielectric Resonance Oscillator is equipped with a OCXO reference
oscillator. When the DRO is phase-locked, it provides a 9.368833 GHz
microwave frequency stability derived from the reference crystal.
When the DRO is phase-locked, the phase-locked voltage at the test port on
the DRO can vary from 3 VDC to 10 VDC. The voltage at the alarm test port
is approximately 5 VDC.
When the DRO is unlocked, the phase-locked voltage becomes an oscillating
ramp wave. The voltage at the alarm test port goes down to 0 VDC.
IsolatorThree isolators provide adequate return loss in the CTR 28 GHz. Each
isolator’s maximum forward insertion loss is 0.5 dB, and its return loss is
greater than 18 dB.
Bandpass Filter
The bandpass filter removes the undesired sideband elements and LO
leakage, and passes the required sideband signals.

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Reunion CTR 28 GHz Installation Guide
Low Noise Amplifier
The low noise amplifier (LNA) provides gain in the receive path and
amplifies the received microwave signals to the mixer. The gain and noise
figure of the LNA are chosen to maximize the overall dynamic range and
noise performance of the CTR 28 GHz receiver section.
Power Amplifier
The power amplifier provides gain in the transmit path. It boosts the signals in
the 28.5565-28.7565 GHz frequency range to the required level. The
amplifier is a solid state amplifier that has high linearity within a high output
power range.
Duplexer
The CTR 28 GHz uses the duplexer to combine and separate the transmit and
receive RF signals, allowing use of a common antenna for receiver and
transmitter.
Antenna
The CTR 28 GHz uses a reflector antenna to transmit and receive RF signals.
The transmitting signal polarity is defined as the direction of CTR 28 GHz
polarity.
Note: V= vertical TX wave polarization
H= horizontal TX wave polarization
Note: Lightening arrestors are not supplied with the CTR transceiver.

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Pre-Installation
Prevention of Access
Allow only authorized personnel to access the equipment. Install the
equipment in a restricted-access location or similar environment. Failure to
prevent unauthorized user access invalidates the equipment warranty.
Unpacking Shipment
UsethefollowingstepstounpackandinspecttheshipmentofNortelBroadband
Wireless Access equipment:
1. Copy adequate Inventory Forms
2. Check each package against the order form and packing slip to ensure that
all components are received
3. Check each package for signs of damage
4. Open the package and closely inspect all components for obvious signs of
damage
5. Know exactly where you are going to place the equipment, before
removing them from the package
6. Carefully remove the equipment from the packaging
7. Save packing material for future use
8. Be aware of electrostatic discharge devices (ESD) requirements when
handling BWA equipment
Note: For more information, refer to the Electronic Industries
Association (EIA) standard, Requirements for Handling Electrostatic-
Discharge-Sensitive Devices (ESDS), EIA-625, as well as local and
national standards.