Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 10 SP2 User manual

SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server
www.novell.com10 SP3
October27,2009 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration
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Contents
About This Guide xv
Part I Deployment 1
1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3
1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2Deployment Strategies 7
2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3Installation with YaST 17
3.1 IBM POWER: System Start-Up for Network Installation . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.5 TheBootScreen......................... 20
3.6 Language ............................ 24
3.7 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.8 MediaCheck........................... 27
3.9 LicenseAgreement........................ 27
3.10 InstallationMode......................... 28
3.11 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.12 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.13 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.14 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.15 GraphicalLogin.......................... 45
4Remote Installation 47
4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5Automated Installation 85
5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 103
6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.2 Customizing the Firstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7Advanced Disk Setup 115
7.1 LVMConguration........................ 115
7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
8System Conguration with YaST 129
8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 130
8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
8.3 Software............................ 132
8.4 Hardware............................ 146
8.5 System............................. 153
8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 164
8.7 NetworkServices........................ 165
8.8 AppArmor ........................... 172
8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
8.10 Virtualization.......................... 181
8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 182
8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 185
8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

8.14 SaX2.............................. 191
8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 197
8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9Managing Software with ZENworks 199
9.1 Update from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 211
10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Part II Administration 239
11 OpenWBEM 241
11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 248
11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 271
12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
13 iSNS for Linux Overview 283
13.1 HowiSNSWorks......................... 283
13.2 iSNS for Linux Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
13.3 SettingUpiSNS......................... 285
13.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 289
14.1 O2CB Cluster Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
14.2 DiskHeartbeat ......................... 291
14.3 In-Memory File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
14.4 Management Utilities and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
14.5 OCFS2Packages......................... 295
14.6 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

14.7 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
14.8 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
15 Access Control Lists in Linux 303
15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
15.3 Denitions........................... 305
15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 306
15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
16 RPM—the Package Manager 315
16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 316
16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 317
16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 320
16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
17 System Monitoring Utilities 327
17.1 Debugging........................... 328
17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
17.4 Networking........................... 335
17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 336
17.6 Processes............................ 339
17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 347
18 Working with the Shell 349
18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 376

Part III System 381
19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 383
19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 384
19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 389
20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 393
20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
21 The Boot Loader 405
21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 422
21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
22 Special System Features 425
22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 432
22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
23 Printer Operation 439
23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 447
23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 455

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 463
24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 463
24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 467
24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
25 File Systems in Linux 471
25.1 Terminology........................... 471
25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
26 The X Window System 483
26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
27 Authentication with PAM 497
27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
28 Power Management 507
28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
28.2 APM.............................. 509
28.3 ACPI.............................. 511
28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
29 Wireless Communication 533
29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 533

Part IV Services 545
30 Basic Networking 547
30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
30.3 NameResolution ........................ 563
30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
30.5 Conguring VLAN Interfaces on SUSE Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
30.6 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 584
30.7 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
30.8 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
31 SLP Services in the Network 605
31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 605
31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
32 Time Synchronization with NTP 609
32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
33 The Domain Name System 615
33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 615
33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 633
33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 639
33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
34 DHCP 641
34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

35 Using NIS 659
35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
36 LDAP—A Directory Service 667
36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 668
36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
37 Samba 703
37.1 Terminology........................... 703
37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 713
37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 719
38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720
38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732
38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732
39 File Synchronization 733
39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741