Novell LINUX ENTERPRISE DESKTOP 10 SP2 User manual

SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server
www.novell.com10 SP3
October27,2009 Installation and Administration

Installation and Administration
All content is copyright © Novell, Inc.
Legal Notice
This manual is protected under Novell intellectual property rights. By reproducing, duplicating or
distributing this manual you explicitly agree to conform to the terms and conditions of this license
agreement.
This manual may be freely reproduced, duplicated and distributed either as such or as part of a bundled
package in electronic and/or printed format, provided however that the following conditions are ful-
lled:
That this copyright notice and the names of authors and contributors appear clearly and distinctively
on all reproduced, duplicated and distributed copies. That this manual, specically for the printed
format, is reproduced and/or distributed for noncommercial use only. The express authorization of
Novell, Inc must be obtained prior to any other use of any manual or part thereof.
For Novell trademarks, see the Novell Trademark and Service Mark list http://www.novell
.com/company/legal/trademarks/tmlist.html. * Linux is a registered trademark of
Linus Torvalds. All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. A trademark
symbol (®, ™ etc.) denotes a Novell trademark; an asterisk (*) denotes a third party trademark.
All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this
does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither Novell, Inc., SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, the authors,
nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.

Contents
About This Guide xv
Part I Deployment 1
1Planning for SUSE Linux Enterprise 3
1.1 Considerations for Deployment of a SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Running SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2Deployment Strategies 7
2.1 Deploying up to 10 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Deploying up to 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Deploying More than 100 Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3Installation with YaST 17
3.1 IBM POWER: System Start-Up for Network Installation . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 IBM System z: System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3 System Start-Up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4 The Installation Workow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.5 TheBootScreen......................... 20
3.6 Language ............................ 24
3.7 IBM System z: Hard Disk Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.8 MediaCheck........................... 27
3.9 LicenseAgreement........................ 27
3.10 InstallationMode......................... 28
3.11 Clock and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.12 Installation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.13 Performing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.14 Conguration of the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.15 GraphicalLogin.......................... 45
4Remote Installation 47
4.1 Installation Scenarios for Remote Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.2 Setting Up the Server Holding the Installation Sources . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3 Preparing the Boot of the Target System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.4 Booting the Target System for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.5 Monitoring the Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
5Automated Installation 85
5.1 Simple Mass Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2 Rule-Based Autoinstallation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6Deploying Customized Preinstallations 103
6.1 Preparing the Master Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.2 Customizing the Firstboot Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.3 Cloning the Master Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.4 Personalizing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7Advanced Disk Setup 115
7.1 LVMConguration........................ 115
7.2 Soft RAID Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
8System Conguration with YaST 129
8.1 YaSTLanguage.......................... 130
8.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
8.3 Software............................ 132
8.4 Hardware............................ 146
8.5 System............................. 153
8.6 NetworkDevices......................... 164
8.7 NetworkServices........................ 165
8.8 AppArmor ........................... 172
8.9 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
8.10 Virtualization.......................... 181
8.11 Miscellaneous.......................... 182
8.12 YaSTinTextMode........................ 185
8.13 Managing YaST from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

8.14 SaX2.............................. 191
8.15 Troubleshooting......................... 197
8.16 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
9Managing Software with ZENworks 199
9.1 Update from the Command Line with rug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
9.2 Managing Packages with the ZEN Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
9.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
10 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise 211
10.1 Updating SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10.2 Installing Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
10.3 Software Changes from Version 9 to Version 10 . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Part II Administration 239
11 OpenWBEM 241
11.1 Setting Up OpenWBEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
11.2 Changing the OpenWBEM CIMOM Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . 248
11.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
12 Mass Storage over IP Networks—iSCSI 271
12.1 Setting Up an iSCSI Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
12.2 Conguring iSCSI Initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
13 iSNS for Linux Overview 283
13.1 HowiSNSWorks......................... 283
13.2 iSNS for Linux Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
13.3 SettingUpiSNS......................... 285
13.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
14 Oracle Cluster File System 2 289
14.1 O2CB Cluster Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
14.2 DiskHeartbeat ......................... 291
14.3 In-Memory File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
14.4 Management Utilities and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
14.5 OCFS2Packages......................... 295
14.6 Creating an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

14.7 Mounting an OCFS2 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
14.8 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
15 Access Control Lists in Linux 303
15.1 Traditional File Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
15.2 Advantages of ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
15.3 Denitions........................... 305
15.4 HandlingACLs.......................... 306
15.5 ACL Support in Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
15.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
16 RPM—the Package Manager 315
16.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
16.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . 316
16.3 RPMandPatches........................ 317
16.4 Delta RPM Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
16.5 RPMQueries.......................... 320
16.6 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
16.7 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
16.8 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
17 System Monitoring Utilities 327
17.1 Debugging........................... 328
17.2 Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
17.3 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
17.4 Networking........................... 335
17.5 The /proc FileSystem...................... 336
17.6 Processes............................ 339
17.7 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
17.8 User Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
17.9 TimeandDate.......................... 347
18 Working with the Shell 349
18.1 Getting Started with the Bash Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
18.2 Users and Access Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
18.3 Important Linux Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
18.4 TheviEditor.......................... 376

Part III System 381
19 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 383
19.1 RuntimeSupport ........................ 384
19.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
19.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
19.4 Kernel Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
20 Booting and Conguring a Linux System 389
20.1 The Linux Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
20.2 TheinitProcess......................... 393
20.3 System Conguration via /etc/syscong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
21 The Boot Loader 405
21.1 Selecting a Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
21.2 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
21.3 Conguring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
21.4 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
21.5 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
21.6 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
21.7 Troubleshooting......................... 422
21.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
22 Special System Features 425
22.1 Information about Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
22.2 VirtualConsoles......................... 432
22.3 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
22.4 Language and Country-Specic Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
23 Printer Operation 439
23.1 The Workow of the Printing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
23.2 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
23.3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
23.4 Setting Up a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
23.5 NetworkPrinters......................... 447
23.6 Graphical Printing Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
23.7 Printing from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
23.8 Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
23.9 Troubleshooting......................... 455

24 Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev 463
24.1 The /dev Directory....................... 463
24.2 Kernel uevents and udev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
24.3 Drivers, Kernel Modules, and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
24.4 Booting and Initial Device Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
24.5 Debugging udev Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
24.6 Inuencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules . . . . . . . 467
24.7 Persistent Device Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
24.8 The Replaced hotplug Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
24.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
25 File Systems in Linux 471
25.1 Terminology........................... 471
25.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
25.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
25.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
25.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
26 The X Window System 483
26.1 Manually Conguring the X Window System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
26.2 Installing and Conguring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
26.3 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
27 Authentication with PAM 497
27.1 Structure of a PAM Conguration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
27.2 The PAM Conguration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
27.3 Conguration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
27.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
28 Power Management 507
28.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
28.2 APM.............................. 509
28.3 ACPI.............................. 511
28.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
28.5 The powersave Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
28.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
29 Wireless Communication 533
29.1 WirelessLAN.......................... 533

Part IV Services 545
30 Basic Networking 547
30.1 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
30.2 IPv6—The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
30.3 NameResolution ........................ 563
30.4 Conguring a Network Connection with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
30.5 Conguring VLAN Interfaces on SUSE Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
30.6 Managing Network Connections with NetworkManager . . . . . . . . 584
30.7 Conguring a Network Connection Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
30.8 smpppd as Dial-up Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
31 SLP Services in the Network 605
31.1 ActivatingSLP.......................... 605
31.2 SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
31.3 Installation over SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
31.4 Providing Services with SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
31.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
32 Time Synchronization with NTP 609
32.1 Conguring an NTP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
32.2 Conguring xntp in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
32.3 Setting Up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
33 The Domain Name System 615
33.1 DNSTerminology........................ 615
33.2 Conguration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
33.3 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
33.4 The Conguration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
33.5 ZoneFiles ........................... 633
33.6 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
33.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
33.8 DNSSecurity.......................... 639
33.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
34 DHCP 641
34.1 Conguring a DHCP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
34.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
34.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
34.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

35 Using NIS 659
35.1 Conguring NIS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
35.2 Conguring NIS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
36 LDAP—A Directory Service 667
36.1 LDAPversusNIS......................... 668
36.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
36.3 Server Conguration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
36.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
36.5 Conguring an LDAP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
36.6 Conguring an LDAP Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
36.7 Conguring LDAP Users and Groups in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
36.8 Browsing the LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
36.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
37 Samba 703
37.1 Terminology........................... 703
37.2 Starting and Stopping Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
37.3 Conguring a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
37.4 Conguring Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
37.5 Samba as Login Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
37.6 Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . 713
37.7 Migrating a Windows NT Server to Samba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
37.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
38 Sharing File Systems with NFS 719
38.1 Installing the Required Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
38.2 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720
38.3 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
38.4 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
38.5 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
38.6 NFS with Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732
38.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732
39 File Synchronization 733
39.1 Available Data Synchronization Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
39.2 Determining Factors for Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
39.3 Introduction to CVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
39.4 Introduction to rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

40 The Apache HTTP Server 745
40.1 QuickStart........................... 745
40.2 Conguring Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747
40.3 Starting and Stopping Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
40.4 Installing, Activating, and Conguring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
40.5 Getting CGI Scripts to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
40.6 Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
40.7 Avoiding Security Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
40.8 Troubleshooting......................... 781
40.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782
41 The Proxy Server Squid 785
41.1 Some Facts about Proxy Caches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
41.2 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
41.3 StartingSquid.......................... 789
41.4 The Conguration File /etc/squid/squid.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
41.5 Conguring a Transparent Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
41.6 cachemgr.cgi .......................... 800
41.7 squidGuard........................... 802
41.8 Cache Report Generation with Calamaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
41.9 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
Part V Security 805
42 Managing X.509 Certication 807
42.1 The Principles of Digital Certication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
42.2 YaST Modules for CA Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
43 Masquerading and Firewalls 823
43.1 Packet Filtering with iptables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
43.2 Masquerading Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
43.3 Firewalling Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828
43.4 SuSErewall2.......................... 828
43.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
44 SSH: Secure Network Operations 835
44.1 The OpenSSH Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
44.2 ThesshProgram......................... 836
44.3 scp—SecureCopy........................ 836
44.4 sftp—Secure File Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

44.5 The SSH Daemon (sshd)—Server-Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
44.6 SSH Authentication Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
44.7 X, Authentication, and Forwarding Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . 840
45 Network Authentication—Kerberos 841
45.1 Kerberos Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
45.2 How Kerberos Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843
45.3 Users' View of Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846
45.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
46 Installing and Administering Kerberos 849
46.1 Choosing the Kerberos Realms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
46.2 Setting Up the KDC Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850
46.3 Clock Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851
46.4 Conguring the KDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851
46.5 Manually Conguring Kerberos Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854
46.6 Conguring a Kerberos Client with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
46.7 Remote Kerberos Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859
46.8 Creating Kerberos Host Principals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861
46.9 Enabling PAM Support for Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863
46.10 Conguring SSH for Kerberos Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864
46.11 Using LDAP and Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865
47 Encrypting Partitions and Files 869
47.1 Setting Up an Encrypted File System with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
47.2 Using Encrypted Home Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
47.3 Using vi to Encrypt Single ASCII Text Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874
48 Conning Privileges with AppArmor 875
48.1 Installing Novell AppArmor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
48.2 Enabling and Disabling Novell AppArmor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
48.3 Getting Started with Proling Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878
49 Security and Condentiality 885
49.1 Local Security and Network Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886
49.2 Some General Security Tips and Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
49.3 Using the Central Security Reporting Address . . . . . . . . . . . . 897

Part VI Troubleshooting 899
50 Help and Documentation 901
50.1 Using the SUSE Help Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
50.2 ManPages........................... 905
50.3 InfoPages ........................... 906
50.4 The Linux Documentation Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
50.5 Wikipedia: The Free Online Encyclopedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
50.6 GuidesandBooks........................ 907
50.7 Package Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
50.8 Usenet............................. 909
50.9 Standards and Specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
51 Common Problems and Their Solutions 913
51.1 Finding and Gathering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
51.2 Installation Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
51.3 BootProblems ......................... 924
51.4 LoginProblems......................... 927
51.5 Network Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933
51.6 DataProblems.......................... 938
51.7 IBM System z: Using initrd as a Rescue System . . . . . . . . . . . . 950
Index 955

About This Guide
This guide is intended for use by professional network and system administrators during
the actual planning, deployment, conguration, and operation of SUSE Linux Enter-
prise®. As such, it is solely concerned with ensuring that SUSE Linux Enterprise is
properly congured and that the required services on the network are available to allow
it to function properly as initially installed. This guide does not cover the process of
ensuring that SUSE Linux Enterprise offers proper compatibility with your enterprise's
application software or that its core functionality meets those requirements. It assumes
that a full requirements audit has been done and the installation has been requested or
that a test installation, for the purpose of such an audit, has been requested.
This guide contains the following:
Deployment
Before you install SUSE Linux Enterprise, choose the deployment strategy and
disk setup that is best suited for your scenario. Learn how to install your system
manually, how to use network installation setups, and how to perform an autoinstal-
lation. Congure the installed system with YaST to adapt it to your requirements.
Administration
SUSE Linux Enterprise offers a wide range of tools to customize various aspects
of the system. This part introduces a few of them.
System
Learn more about the underlying operating system by studying this part. SUSE
Linux Enterprise supports a number of hardware architectures and you can use this
to adapt your own applications to run on SUSE Linux Enterprise. The boot loader
and boot procedure information assists you in understanding how your Linux system
works and how your own custom scripts and applications may blend in with it.
Services
SUSE Linux Enterprise is designed to be a network operating system. It offers a
wide range of network services, such as DNS, DHCP, Web, proxy, and authentica-
tion services, and integrates well into heterogeneous environments including MS
Windows clients and servers.

Security
This edition of SUSE Linux Enterprise includes several security-related features.
It ships with Novell® AppArmor, which enables you to protect your applications
by restricting privileges. Secure login, rewalling, and le system encryption are
covered as well.
Troubleshooting
SUSE Linux Enterprise includes a wealth of applications, tools, and documentation
should you need them in case of trouble. Some of the most common problems that
can occur with SUSE Linux Enterprise and their solutions are discussed in detail.
1 Feedback
We want to hear your comments and suggestions about this manual and the other doc-
umentation included with this product. Please use the User Comments feature at the
bottom of each page of the online documentation and enter your comments there.
2 Documentation Updates
For the latest version of this documentation, see the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Web site [http://www.novell.com/documentation/sles10/index
.html].
3 Additional Documentation
For additional documentation on this product, refer to http://www.novell.com/
documentation/sles10/index.html:
Start-Up Guide
Basic information about installation types and work ows.
Architecture-Specic Information
Architecture-specic information needed to prepare a SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server target for installation.
xvi Installation and Administration

Novell AppArmor Administration Guide
An in-depth administration guide to Novell AppArmor that introduces application
connement for heightened security in your environment.
Storage Administration Guide
An introduction to managing various types of storage devices on SUSE Linux En-
terprise.
Heartbeat Guide
An in-depth administration guide to setting up high availability scenarios with
Heartbeat.
Novell Virtualization Technology User Guide
An introduction to virtualization solutions based on SUSE Linux Enterprise and
the Xen* virtualization technology.
For a documentation overview on the SUSE® Linux Enterprise Desktop product, refer
to http://www.novell.com/documentation/sled10/index.html. The
following manuals are exclusively available for SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop:
GNOME User Guide
A comprehensive guide to the GNOME desktop and its most important applications.
KDE User Guide
A comprehensive guide to the KDE desktop and its most important applications.
Deployment Guide
An in-depth guide for administrators facing the deployment and management of
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop.
Novell AppArmor Administration Guide
An in-depth administration guide to Novell AppArmor that introduces application
connement for heightened security in your environment.
Many chapters in this manual contain links to additional documentation resources. This
includes additional documentation that is available on the system as well as documen-
tation available on the Internet.
About This Guide xvii

4 Documentation Conventions
The following typographical conventions are used in this manual:
•/etc/passwd: lenames and directory names
•placeholder: replace placeholder with the actual value
•PATH: the environment variable PATH
•ls,--help: commands, options, and parameters
•user: users or groups
•Alt,Alt +F1: a key to press or a key combination; keys are shown in uppercase as
on a keyboard
•File,File >Save As: menu items, buttons
•►amd64 ipf: This paragraph is only relevant for the specied architectures. The
arrows mark the beginning and the end of the text block.◄
►ipseries s390 zseries: This paragraph is only relevant for the specied architec-
tures. The arrows mark the beginning and the end of the text block.◄
•Dancing Penguins (Chapter Penguins, ↑Another Manual): This is a reference to a
chapter in another manual.
xviii Installation and Administration

Part I. Deployment