NRG Systems Hybrid XT Vane User manual
NRG Product Manual
Hybrid XT Vane
Authors:
Technical Services
HybridXT_Vane_Manual
Rev 13.0
NRG Product Manual
Hybrid XT Vane
HybridXT_Vane_Manual
Rev 13.0
7 February 2017
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
© NRG Systems
110 Riggs Road
Hinesburg VT 05461
Tel: 802-482-2255
Fax: 802-482-2272
e-mail: [email protected]
NRG Product Manual
Hybrid XT Vane
HybridXT_Vane_Manual
Rev 13.0
7 February 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CUSTOMER SUPPORT......................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................5
USING THIS MANUAL......................................................................................................................................5
VANE OPERATION AND CONSIDERATIONS......................................................................................................6
Hybrid XT Vane Head Damping........................................................................................6
CABLES COMPATIBILITY TABLES......................................................................................................................9
INSTALLATION AND TECHNICAL DRAWINGS .................................................................................................11
GROUNDING AND BONDING HYBRID XT™ SENSORS FOR OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION ...............................16
WARRANTY & REPAIR...................................................................................................................................19
SENDING ITEMS FOR REPAIR.........................................................................................................................20
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ...................................................................................................................22
APPENDIX A: FG# 4715 –HYBRID XT TURBINE CONTROL VANE.....................................................................23
APPENDIX B: FG# 5762 –HYBRID XT 4-20 MA OUTPUT VANE .......................................................................24
APPENDIX C: FG# 7894 –HYBRID XT PUSH-PULL VANE .................................................................................25
APPENDIX D: FG# 9362 –HYBRID XT 4-20MA, COUNTER-CLOCKWISE VANE..................................................27
APPENDIX E: FG# 9363 –HYBRID XT PUSH-PULL, ACTIVE-HIGH VANE ...........................................................28
NRG Product Manual
Hybrid XT Vane
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Rev 13.0
7 February 2017
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
NRG Systems offers a variety of support options to help you get the most from your NRG Systems product. If you have
questions about your NRG Systems product, first look in the printed product documentation, the Knowledge Base and
the Technical Forum contained in the Tech Support section of the NRG Systems web site. If you cannot find the answer,
contact your salesperson or NRG Systems Technical Support for assistance using the information below. Customer
support is available 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM EST, Monday through Friday.
NRG Systems Telephone: 802-482-2255
110 Riggs Road FAX: 802-482-2272
Hinesburg, Vermont
05461 U.S.A. Email: [email protected]
When you call or email, you should have the appropriate product documentation at hand and be prepared to give the
following information:
Customer name
Who purchased equipment
Item number or description
Serial number
When equipment was purchased
Where equipment is installed - terrain conditions
Description of the problem with some detail
What events took place leading up to the problem
What you have tried while attempting to solve the problem
NRG Systems maintains an extensive website which includes an in-depth customer support area for NRG Systems
customers. If you need assistance at times other than our regular business hours, we suggest visiting our website,
www.nrgsystems.com.
All instruments, sensors, software and towers manufactured by NRG Systems are designed to be reliable and easy to
use. We welcome your comments and appreciate your help in making NRG Systems products the best available.
NRG Product Manual
Hybrid XT Vane
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INTRODUCTION
The NRG Systems Hybrid XT vane is an electrically heated wind direction sensor designed for wind turbine control and
wind resource assessment. The sensor is mounted to the turbine nacelle or meteorological mast and provides an
electrical output signal relative to wind direction. While the Hybrid XT sensors can be used for meteorological work, this
manual is specific to turbine control applications.
The Hybrid XT is rugged enough to accurately measure wind directions in excess of 70 m/s (156 mph), yet its relatively
low moment of inertia permits it to respond rapidly to gusts and lulls. It is built with corrosion resistant materials and
finishes, and is sealed against wind-driven rain and dust.
The Hybrid XT sensor line has a captive mounting system with integral connector that allows quick and easy changing of
the sensor. There are only three internal components (electronics module, heater assembly and bearing assembly) for
ease of maintenance. The Hybrid XT also has a spare label pocket for a customer-supplied identification label.
USING THIS MANUAL
Read this manual completely before installing and operating the Hybrid XT anemometer. Follow all instructions and
recommendations closely.
This document and the sensor may use the following symbols:
Earth (Ground) Chassis Ground AC Voltage
AC or DC Voltage DC Voltage Hot Surface
This typeface within the body of the manual is used for general descriptions and instructions to the user.
This typeface is used to warn users of a potential danger, either to themselves or to the sensor.
NRG Product Manual
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Rev 13.0
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VANE OPERATION AND CONSIDERATIONS
Output Circuit Operation
The Hybrid XT line of wind vanes are available with different output configurations to support a variety of turbine
control systems. See the appendices below for the output characteristics of the full suite of Hybrid XT vanes.
Hybrid XT Vane Head Damping
The Hybrid XT Vane has damping in the head to reduce overshoot and oscillation behind the turbine rotor. One result of
this is that the frequency response has been lowered slightly. This may, in some limited circumstances, require a slight
adjustment to the turbine controller settings when retrofitting a Hybrid XT in place of an IceFree 2, IceFree 3, or an
original Hybrid. Please contact Renewable NRG Systems for further information.
Finished
good #
Vane type
Output
wires
Function
Signal
type
Description
4715
Hybrid XT Turbine
Control Vane
White
Pulsed
output
Frequency
100Hz - 460Hz square wave for 0 - 360 degrees
5762
Hybrid XT 4-20
mA Output Vane
White
Current
source
4-20 mA
4-20 mA output, clockwise, corresponds to 0 - 360
degrees
7894
Hybrid XT Push-
Pull Vane, ACTIVE
LOW
White
VL
2-channel
push/pull
Yaw right/left (VL), upwind/downwind (VR90); active
LOW
Yellow
VR90
9362
Hybrid XT 4-20
mA Output Vane,
CCW
White
Current
source
4-20 mA
4-20 mA output, counter-clockwise, corresponds to
0 - 360 degrees
9363
Hybrid XT Push-
Pull Vane, ACTIVE
HIGH
White
VL
2-channel
push/pull
Yaw right/left (VL), upwind/downwind (VR90); same
as FG #7894, but active HIGH
Yellow
VR90
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Heater Operation
The heat source for the Hybrid XT is a self-regulating, constant-temperature heater. Constant heating prevents
condensation and corrosion and maintains proper bearing temperature for consistent performance and transfer
function. In severe wind and icing conditions, the Hybrid XT draws more power to help remain clear of ice. As conditions
improve, the Hybrid XT draws less power. The Hybrid XT’s self-regulating feature increases reliability, insuring that the
head does not reach excessive temperatures. Excessive temperatures can stress bearing lubricants, wiring, and present a
hazard in the presence of combustible materials. The Hybrid XT’s heater is powered by 24 volt power, AC or DC, making
it compatible with a wide range of turbine controller power supplies and remote site equipment. An optional 120 / 240
V to 24 V AC transformer is also available.
Following a brief inrush current, after approximately 30 seconds, the heater settles into its temperature
controlled mode.
It is recommended that a 15 A slow-blow fuse be placed in-line with the heater.
Always power the heater on your Hybrid XT sensor! Failure to maintain constant heating may lead
to corrosion or inferior sensor performance. Constant heating prevents condensation from
forming on the bearings, enabling the sensor to achieve a 10 year service cycle. If the sensor is
used without the heater, the warranty will be void.
Sensor surfaces (particularly the head and the upper body) can become quite hot and may burn
you; especially in warm ambient conditions. Use caution when the heater power is on.
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ESD and Circuit Protection
The Hybrid XT sensor has been designed to withstand most common wiring errors and electrostatic discharge. These
include reversed polarity on the power supply inputs, applying power to or shorting the signal output lines, and
electrostatic discharge on any line.
However, the sensor is not indestructible. Avoid applying more than the rated power supply to any pin. While extremely
rugged, nearby or direct lightning strikes may damage the sensor.
Cable Shield Decision - Important
The user must decide how to connect the shield of the signal cabling for their application. This is an important part of
the overall design of the lightning protection and grounding system for each turbine design. Reference information can
be found in Appendix A.
We recommend that the shield always be connected at the controller end of the cable. This provides shielding against
capacitively (electrostatically) coupled interference to the sensor signal.
If the shield can be connected to ground at the sensor boom as well, the shield can also provide protection against
inductive (magnetically) coupled noise sources, such as generator noise and lightning electromagnetic pulses. However,
you should connect the shield at both ends ONLY if the turbine grounding system provides sufficient bonding and
grounding to prevent ground loop currents in the shield wire.
On the NRG Systems -cable assembly for the Hybrid XT Turbine Control Sensor, the shield is available for connection at
both ends. If the sensor end is not to be connected, cut off the shield wire at the sensor end before installation to
prevent accidental contact to the sensor mount.
Magnet Safety
The Hybrid XT sensors, particularly the vane version, contain small, but powerful neodymium iron boron magnets. These
magnets are strong enough to magnetize tools, erase magnetic media (floppy disks and credit cards), damage CRT’s
(computer monitors and TV’s), pinch fingers, etc. They can also shatter if allowed to snap together, causing eye damage.
If they are ingested, they can cause serious injury, or even death.
Do not allow unskilled persons to disassemble these sensors. Do not remove the magnets from
their respective assemblies (Head Assembly and Shaft Assembly). Keep small magnets and small
pieces containing magnets away from young children who might mistakenly or intentionally
swallow them. Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect a child may have swallowed a magnet.
Transport and Handling
This sensor is a precision instrument. Please use care in its handling to protect the bearings and shaft. It is recommended
that the sensor be carefully placed on its side instead of standing up.
If the sensor should tip over onto a hard surface, bearing or shaft damage may occur. Use care!
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CABLES COMPATIBILITY TABLES
There have been several different versions of the Hybrid cable assembly since inception to accommodate various sensor
and turbine configurations. Please see the tables below to verify cable compatibility.
Hybrid Turbine Control Sensor Cables
Item
Number
Description
Notes
4716
Assembly-Cable,600V, 10m, Connector, Power, Signal,
WithMountingBolt, Hybrid TCS
10 m length, 5 pin cable, Green Tag
4717
Assembly-Cable,600V,20m, Connector,Power,Signal,
WithMountingBolt,Hybrid TCS
20 m length, 5 pin cable, Green Tag
8797
Assembly-Cable,600V,12m,6 Pin
Connector,Power,Signal, WithMountingBolt,Hybrid TCS
12 m length, 6 pin cable, Red Tag
9234
Assembly-Cable,300V,10m,
Connector,Power,Signal,WithMountingBolt,Hybrid TCS
10 m length, 6-pin cable Orange Tag
9319
Assembly-Cable,300V,20m,
Connector,Power,Signal,WithMountingBolt,Hybrid TCS
20 m length, 6-pin cable Chartreuse Tag
HybridXT Turbine Control Sensor Cable Compatibility
4715
Hybrid XT Turbine Control
Sensor, Vane
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Any cable may be used; if present, Yellow (Out
2) is not used and may be left disconnected
4718
Hybrid XT Turbine Control
Sensor, Anemometer
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Any cable may be used; if present, Yellow (Out
2) is not used and may be left disconnected
6624
Sensor-Hybrid XT Turbine
Control Sensor, Anemometer
(calibrated)
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Any cable may be used; if present, Yellow (Out
2) is not used and may be left disconnected
5762
Hybrid XT 4-20mA Output
Turbine Control Sensor, Vane
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Any cable may be used; if present, Yellow (Out
2) is not used and may be left disconnected
5763
Hybrid XT 4-20mA Output
Turbine Control Sensor,
Anemometer
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Any cable may be used; if present, Yellow (Out
2) is not used and may be left disconnected
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7894
Hybrid XT Push-Pull Output
Turbine Control Sensor, Vane
8797, 9234, 9319 (Red,
Orange or Chartreuse
tag) only
All six wires are required to provide both Vane
signals.
White == VL (yaw right/left)
Yellow == VR90 (upwind/downwind)
7901
Hybrid XT Push-Pull Output
Turbine Control Sensor, Anem
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Any cable may be used; if present, Yellow (Out
2) is not used and may be left disconnected
8115
Hybrid XT Coil Compatible
Output Turbine Control
Sensor, Anem
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Future Product.
8797 may be used, Yellow (Out 2) is not used
and may be left disconnected
9362
Hybrid XT Vane, 4-20mA
Output, Counter Clockwise
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Any cable may be used; if present, Yellow (Out
2) is not used and may be left disconnected
9363
Hybrid XT Vane,Push-Pull,
Active High
8797, 9234, 9319 (Red,
Orange or Chartreuse
tag) only
All six wires are required to provide both Vane
signals.
White == VL (yaw right/left)
Yellow == VR90 (upwind/downwind)
9365
Hybrid XT Anemometer, 4-
20mA Output, 60 m/s
4716, 4717, 8797,
9234, 9319
Any cable may be used; if present, Yellow (Out
2) is not used and may be left disconnected
NRG Product Manual
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Rev 13.0
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INSTALLATION AND TECHNICAL DRAWINGS
Mounting Mast Orientation
Refer to the technical drawing for details on mounting mast design. Orient the cross-holes in the top of the mounting
mast such that they are lined up parallel to the turbine nacelle centerline.
Prepare Shield
Based on your decision about the cable shield connection scheme (see previous section and Appendix A), cut off or
attach the shield to the mounting mast. If you choose to cut the shield wire, make sure to cut it off short enough to
avoid touching the mounting mast or bolt.
Cross-holes
Typical
mounting
mast
Nacelle centerline
Align cross-holes parallel to nacelle centerline.
IF cutting shield wire, cut close to
connector base as shown.
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Shield wire to be cut or
attached to mast
Feed cable through mast.
Shield wire to be
cut or attached to
mast
Mount Connector
Remove the nut, washer, and bolt from the connector. Feed the cable through the mounting mast until the connector
reaches the mast. Align the bolt hole in the connecter with the holes in the mounting mast such that the “TOWARD
ROTOR” text molded onto the connector leg is oriented toward the turbine rotor. If you are connecting the shield to the
mounting mast, do so now.
Be sure that the connector is snug against the top of the mounting mast and that the washer is on the bolt (compression
of the rubber washer may be necessary) then pass the bolt though the mast and connector. Now attach the nut to the
bolt a few turns until the nylon patch is in contact with the nut. The nylon patch prevents the nut from backing off the
bolt threads. Note that the washer is between the mounting mast and the bolt head.
nut
washer &
bolt
Remove the nut, washer, & bolt.
Install connector with “TOWARD ROTOR”
text pointing to the rotor.
rubber
washer
“TOWARD
ROTOR” text on
connector leg
Secure connector to mast with bolt,
washer, and nut.
SS washer away
from mast to
allow sensor to
slide in place
Connector and
rubber washer
snug to mast
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The Hybrid XT sensors have four ridges running vertically inside the body's lower end as shown in the picture below.
These ensure that the sensor mounts securely on the mounting mast.
If attaching the shield to the ground screw, make sure that it does not interfere with the mounting ridges by running it
straight down the mast from the connector to the ground screw. Do not wrap the wire around the mast. The picture
below shows the ground screw attachment option.
Suggested method for attaching shield to mast.
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Connect Cable to Controller
Route the sensor cable into the nacelle and to its connection point. It may be helpful to label the end of each wire
before pulling the cable to its connection point. Following the color code, connect the sensor wires and shield wire to
the turbine controller and heater power supply.
Sensor Common
Black, 22 AWG
Sensor Power
Red, 22 AWG
Sensor Signal
White, 22 AWG
N/A –not used
Yellow, 22 AWG (on all cables shipped since January, 2016)
Heater –*
Orange/White, 20 AWG
Heater + *
Orange/Black, 20 AWG
* When powering the sensor heater with DC power, Orange/White needs to be connected to DC
Ground (-) and Orange/Black to 24V DC (+). When using AC power, the wiring order does not
matter.
Mount Sensor
To attach the sensor to the mounting mast, slide the clamp bolt and washer away from the mounting mast until the nut
is against the mounting mast and is hanging vertically. Rotate the Hybrid XT sensor body so that the “THIS SIDE TOWARD
ROTOR” label is facing the turbine rotor. This aligns the internal key with the alignment slot in the connector. Now, slide
the sensor down over the boom carefully making sure that the key drops into the slot. Continue to slide the senor down
until it is firmly seated on the nut. There will be some drag as the o-ring seal and the connector pins engage. Tighten the
bolt using a 10 mm wrench to 7 N-m (5 ft-lbs). Replacement washers, nuts and bolts can be ordered from NRG Systems
(part #4422).
Slide sensor down over
mast.
Nut against mast
and hanging
vertically.
Bolt & washer away
from mast
“THIS SIDE
TOWARD
ROTOR”
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Technical Drawing
GROUNDING AND BONDING HYBRID XT™ SENSORS FOR OVER-VOLTAGE
PROTECTION
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to outline NRG Systems’ recommended practices for wiring, grounding,
and bonding of Hybrid XT™ turbine control sensors. The goal is to provide the best possible protection
against direct and indirect lightning damage for both the sensor and the interconnected turbine
systems.
This document also details the internal construction of the sensor’s bonding and over-voltage
protection. This allows the wind turbine designer to coordinate the sensor grounding and Over Voltage
Protection (OVP) with the rest of the turbine’s Lightning Protection System (LPS).
Recommended Practices
The long-term reliability and the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) performance of the sensor are
dependent on proper installation and connections. These recommendations could apply to any control
electronics or sensors, but are particularly critical for wind sensors because they are exposed on the top
of the nacelle.
1. IEC 61400-24 classifies several Lightning Protection Zones (LPZ). LPZ 0Ais exposed on the surface of
the turbine and is subject to direct lightning attachment. The turbine must provide air terminals
such as lightning rods to protect the sensors from direct lightning attachment. This creates an area
in LPZ 0B to mount the sensors.
2. Careful routing of the lightning down-conductor and coordination of the grounding and bonding of
the down-conductor(s) to the turbine’s LPS is required to minimize the energy coupled into other
systems such as the sensors. Provide maximum possible spacing between lightning down-
conductors and any control cabling or raceway. Do not route any other cabling or raceway alongside
the lightning down-conductors. These measures will minimize the coupling of lightning
electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) energy into other turbine systems.
3. The Sensor body is metal, and bonds to the sensor mounting mast. The mounting mast must be
metal. Take particular care to bond the sensor mounting mast to the turbine’s LPS in coordination
with the placement and bonding of the lightning air terminals and bonding of the turbine frame and
nacelle.
4. Use shielded or “screened” cable with high shield coverage for sensor cabling. We recommend
bonding the cable shield to the grounding system at both ends- at the sensor, and at the connection
to the turbine control system- to provide maximum protection from LEMP. However, see note 6
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about preventing ground loops. NRG Systems supplied cables provide a shield at the sensor end. If
your LPS design does not use this shield drain, trim it off to prevent short circuits.
5. Run the sensor cabling in metallic raceway or conduit. Bond the raceway or conduit to the LPS at
both ends. This provides protection for the sensor and cabling against EMI and LEMP.
The purpose of recommendations 1 through 5 is to provide shielding of the internal sensor electronics,
heater, and cabling so that they are protected to LPZ 1, per IEC 61400-24.
Recommendations 6 and 7 relate to ground loops and over-voltage protection.
6. Provide sufficient bonding to prevent ground loop currents in the shields and raceways. Whenever
possible, it is better to resolve the underlying grounding problems, rather than leaving the shield
unconnected to prevent ground loop current flow.
7. Since the sensor's electronics and cabling are in LPZ 1, isolation and or over-voltage protection
should be provided at the interface between the sensor cabling and turbine control system to
provide LPZ 2 or better protection for the controller.
Sensor Construction Notes
The Hybrid XT™ turbine control sensor’s enclosure is metal, which provides an overall EMI shield for the
internal components of the sensor. The sensor includes internal over-voltage protection (OVP)
components. For these features to be effective, the sensor must be installed and connected properly.
Figure 3 shows the internal connection details of the sensor bonding and OVP.
The direction vane is shown as an example; the anemometer uses the same construction.
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Internal bonding and OVP of the Hybrid XT™ turbine control sensor
*When powering the sensor heater with DC power, Orange/White needs to be connected to DC
Ground (-) and Orange/Black to 24V DC (+). When using AC power, the wiring order does not
matter.
Reference:
1. IEC TR 61400-24: 2002: Wind Turbine Generator Systems- Part 24: Lightning Protection.
2. IEC 61312-1: 1995: Protection against Lightning Electromagnetic Impulse- Part 1: General
Principles
Pin 4: (white) Output Signal
Pin 6: (black) D.C. Ground
Pin 3: (red) D.C. Power to Sensor
Pin 2: (orange / black) Heater Power
Pin 5: (orange / white) Heater Power
Overvoltage protection of
D.C. Power and Output
returned to D.C. Ground
Cable Shield
Sensor Body is bonded to
mounting mast by mounting hardware
Mounting mast must be bonded to the
turbine lightning protection system
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WARRANTY & REPAIR
NRG Systems (NRG) warrants its products for a period of two years from date of original purchase solely
for the benefit of the original consumer purchaser. If this product is determined to be defective in
materials or workmanship, NRG will, at NRG’s option, repair or replace this product without charge. This
warranty does not cover damage due to improper installation or use, accident or misuse, damages due
to any unauthorized service or lightning. This warranty also will not apply if any seal on any instrument
or sensor is broken, if any cable has been severed, or the equipment was not adequately grounded.
Always power the heater on your Hybrid XT sensor! Failure to maintain constant
heating may lead to corrosion or inferior sensor performance. Constant heating
prevents condensation from forming on the bearings, enabling the sensor to
achieve a 10 year service cycle. If the sensor is used without the heater, the warranty will be void
To return a defective product, request an RMA (return merchandise authorization) number by calling us
through our website’s Technical Support area.
Please provide the serial number of the item as well as date of purchase. No products will be accepted
for warranty work without an RMA number. The product must be returned, postage prepaid, to NRG
with a brief description of the problem, RMA number and a return address with phone number.
The foregoing limited warranty is given in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied. NRG
specifically disclaims all implied warranties including, but not limited to, any implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
The above limited warranty expressly excludes, and NRG shall not be liable for, any incidental or
consequential damages caused by or related to the selection, use of, inability to use or malfunction of
this product.
NRG will make a good faith effort to repair or replace promptly any product which proves to be
defective within the warranty period. First, contact NRG or the representative from whom the product
was purchased and ask for an RMA number. Inspect your shipments for damage to packages or missing
packages immediately upon receipt. Record any such exceptions on the freight receipt of the delivery
agent. If any contents are damaged or missing, report this in writing to the freight carrier and send NRG
a copy of the damage report. If you insured the shipment yourself, report any damages to your
insurance carrier.
Tel: 802-482-2255 Fax: 802-482-2272
email: [email protected]
website: https://www.nrgsystems.com/technical-support
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SENDING ITEMS FOR REPAIR
INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMERS
Contact NRG Systems by phone, email, or through our website to obtain an RMA number (Return
Material Authorization). Write the RMA number clearly on all shipping cartons.
Tel: 802-482-2255 Fax: 802-482-2272
email: [email protected]
website: https://www.nrgsystems.com/technical-support
2. Send your item to NRG Systems "Delivery Duty Paid" (see address below) using a door-to-door
courier service such as UPS, FedEx, or DHL. If the repair is not urgent, please send your package by
Airmail. (Courier services deliver the package directly to us, customs cleared.)
NRG Systems will not accept packages shipped Freight Collect or with Collect charges.
If NRG Systems refuses the shipment, the courier service will charge your account return freight charges.
DO NOT send return items by direct or consolidated air freight service with an airline.
The cost for air freight may seem lower than the courier service, but air freight costs do not include
customs clearance, airport handling, break bulk fees, and inland delivery to NRG Systems.
3. Attach a Commercial Invoice to the carton. The Commercial Invoice should include the following
information:
Name and address of the shipper.
NRG Systems' complete address and telephone number as the consignee.
Description of the items being returned.
Quantity of each item being returned.
Value for customs / insurance (purchase price or replacement cost).
Number of cartons with respective weights and dimensions.
Please include the following statement to avoid paying US import duties:
"These items are being returned to their U.S. manufacturer. Country of manufacture and origin is USA,
HTS CODE 9801.00.1012."
4. Pack your repair item in a sturdy packing carton. Tag each item with a brief description of the
problem.
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