Ossila FOUR-POINT PROBE User manual

Manual version: 3.1.G
Product code: T2001A
Product Version: 3.0
Software version: 1.0

Four-Point Probe System User Manual
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Contents
1. Overview .......................................................................................................................................................2
2. EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC)...........................................................................................................3
3. Safety.............................................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Warning .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Use of Equipment.......................................................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Hazard Icons .................................................................................................................................................................. 6
3.4 General Hazards ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
3.5 Power Cord Safety......................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.6 Servicing ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.7 Health and Safety –Servicing....................................................................................................................................... 7
4. Requirements...............................................................................................................................................8
5. Unpacking.....................................................................................................................................................9
5.1 Packing List..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Damage Inspection........................................................................................................................................................ 9
6. Specifications .............................................................................................................................................10
7. System Components..................................................................................................................................11
8. Installation..................................................................................................................................................11
9. Operation....................................................................................................................................................12
9.1 Taking a Measurement ............................................................................................................................................... 12
9.2 Software Settings......................................................................................................................................................... 12
9.2.1 Basic Settings .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
9.2.2 Saving Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
9.2.3 Advanced Settings .................................................................................................................................................. 14
10. Test Head....................................................................................................................................................17
10.1 Taking a Measurement ............................................................................................................................................... 17
11. Troubleshooting.........................................................................................................................................19
11.1 Installation and Setup................................................................................................................................................. 19
11.2 Error Messages and Warnings ................................................................................................................................... 20
12. Related Products........................................................................................................................................21
12.1 Related Consumables ................................................................................................................................................. 21
12.2 Related Equipment...................................................................................................................................................... 21

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1. Overview
The Ossila Four-Point Probe System is part of the Institute of Physics award-winning Solar Cell
Prototyping Platform*. It is a low-cost solution for rapid and reliable measurement of the sheet
resistance, resistivity, and conductivity of materials.
The system includes a four-point probe, source measure unit, and easy-to-use PC software —
enabling more laboratories to measure sheet resistance for an affordable price. The probe head
uses gentle spring-loaded contacts instead of sharp needles, minimising damage to delicate
samples (e.g., polymer films that are only a few nanometres thick).
It is operated via the specifically designed PC software, which automatically calculates appropriate
geometrical correction factors for the sample to give accurate values for the sheet resistance. If
the sample thickness is provided, the software will further calculate resistivity and conductivity.
*The Ossila Solar Cell Prototyping Platform is a complementary collection of substrates, materials,
and equipment as part of a high-performance standard photovoltaic reference architecture. This
platform enables researchers to produce high-quality, fully functional solar cells which can be used
as a reliable baseline.
For more information: ossila.com/pages/solar-cell-prototyping-platform.

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2. EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC)
We
Company Name: Ossila BV
Postal Address: Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8
Postcode: 2333 BD Leiden
Country: The Netherlands
Telephone number: [phone]
Email Address: [e-mail]
declare that the DoC is issued under our sole responsibility and
belongs to the following product:
Product: Four Point Probe System (T2001A3)
Serial number: T2001A3- xxxx
Object of declaration:
Four Point Probe System (T2001A3)
The object of declaration described above is in conformity with the
relevant Union harmonisation legislation:
EMC Directive 2014/30/EU
RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU
Signed:
Name: Dr James Kingsley
Place: Leiden
Date: 16/11/2021

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Декларация за съответствие на ЕС
Производител: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Декларира с цялата си отговорност, че посоченото оборудване съответства на приложимото законодателство на
ЕС за хармонизиране, посочено на предходната(-ите) страница(-и) на настоящия документ.
[Čeština] Prohlášení o shodě EU
Výrobce: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Prohlašujeme na vlastní odpovědnost, že uvedené zařízeni je v souladu s příslušnými harmonizačními předpisy EU
uvedenými na předchozích stranách tohoto dokumentu.
[Dansk] EU-overensstemme lseserklærin g
Producent: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Erklærer herved, at vi alene er ansvarlige for, at det nævnte udstyr er i overensstemmelse med den relevante EU-
harmoniseringslovgivning, der er anført på den/de foregående side(r) i dette dokument.
[Deutsch] EU-Konformitätserklärung
Hersteller: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Wir erklären in alleiniger Verantwortung, dass das aufgeführte Gerät konform mit der relevanten EU-
Harmonisierungsgesetzgebung auf den vorangegangenen Seiten dieses Dokuments ist.
[Eesti keel] ELi vastavusavaldus
Tootja: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden , NL.
Kinnitame oma ainuvastutusel, et loetletud seadmed on kooskõlas antud dokumendi eelmisel lehelküljel / eelmistel
lehekülgedel ära toodud asjaomaste ELi ühtlustamise õigusaktidega.
[Ελληνικά] Δήλωση πιστότητας ΕΕ
Κατασκευαστής: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Δηλώνουμε υπεύθυνα όn ο αναφερόμενος εξοπλισμός συμμορφώνεται με τη σχεnκή νομοθεσία εναρμόνισης της ΕΕ που
υπάρχει σnς προηγούμενες σελίδες του παρόντος εγγράφου.
[Español] Declaración de conformidad UE
Fabricante: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Declaramos bajo nuestra única responsabilidad que el siguiente producto se ajusta a la pertinente legislación de
armonización de la UE enumerada en las páginas anteriores de este documento.
[Français] Déclaration de conformité UE
Fabricant: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Déclarons sous notre seule responsabilité que le matériel mentionné est conforme à la législation en vigueur de l'UE
présentée sur la/les page(s) précédente(s) de ce document.
[Hrvatski] E.U izjava o sukladnosti
Proizvođač: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Izjavljujemo na vlastitu odgovornost da je navedena oprema sukladna s mjerodavnim zakonodavstvom EU-a o usklađivanju
koje je navedeno na prethodnoj(nim) stranici(ama) ovoga dokumenta.
[Italiano] Dichiarazione di conformità UE
Produttore: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Si dichiara sotto la propria personale responsabilità che l'apparecchiatura in elenco è conforme alla normativa di
armonizzazione UE rilevante indicata nelle pagine precedenti del presente documento.
[Latviešu] ES atbils tības deklarācija
Ražotājs: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Ar pilnu atbilclību paziņojam, ka uzskaitītais aprīkojums atbilst attiecīgajiem ES saskaņošanas tiesību aktiem, kas minēti
iepriekšējās šī dokumenta lapās.
[Lietuvių k.] ES atitikties deklaracija
Gamintojas: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL,
atsakingai pareiškia, kad išvardinta įranga atitinka aktualius ES harmonizavimo teisės aktus, nurodytus ankstesniuose šio
dokumento

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[Magyar] EU-s megfelelőségi nyilatkozat
Gyártó: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Kizárólagos felelösségünk mellett kijelentjük, hogy a felsorolt eszköz megfelel az ezen dokumentum előző oldalán/oldalain
található EU-s összehangolt jogszabályok vonatkozó rendelkezéseinek.
[Nederlands] EU-Conformiteitsverklaring
Fabrikant: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Verklaart onder onze uitsluitende verantwoordelijkheid dat de vermelde apparatuur in overeenstemming is met de
relevante harmonisatiewetgeving van de EU op de vorige pagina('s) van dit document.
[Norsk] EU-samsvarserklæ ring
Produsent: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Erklærer under vårt eneansvar at utstyret oppført er i overholdelse med relevant EU-harmoniseringslavverk som står på
de(n) forrige siden(e) i dette dokumentet.
[Polski] Deklaracja zgodności Unii Europejskiej
Producent: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Oświadczamy na własną odpowiedzialność, że podane urządzenie jest zgodne ze stosownymi przepisami
harmonizacyjnymi Unii Europejskiej, które przedstawiono na poprzednich stronach niniejszego dokumentu.
[Por tuguês] Declaração de Conformidade UE
Fabricante: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Declara sob sua exclusiva responsabilidade que o equipamento indicado está em conformidade com a legislação de
harmonização relevante da UE mencionada na(s) página(s) anterior(es) deste documento.
[Română] Declaraţie de conformitate UE
Producător: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Declară pe proprie răspundere că echipamentul prezentat este în conformitate cu prevederile legislaţiei UE de armonizare
aplicabile prezentate la pagina/paginile anterioare a/ale acestui document.
[Slovensky] Vyhlásenie o zhode pre EÚ
Výrobca: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden , NL.
Na vlastnú zodpovednosť prehlasuje, že uvedené zariadenie je v súlade s príslušnými právnymi predpismi EÚ o
harmonizácii uvedenými na predchádzajúcich stranách tohto dokumentu.
[Slovenščina] Izjava EU o skladnosti
Proizvajalec: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
s polno odgovornostjo izjavlja, da je navedena oprema skladna z veljavno uskladitveno zakonodajo EU, navedeno na
prejšnji strani/prejšnjih straneh tega dokumenta.
[Suomi] EU-vaatimustenm ukaisuusvakuutus
Valmistaja: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Vakuutamme täten olevamme yksin vastuussa siitä, että tässä asiakirjassa luetellut laitteet ovat tämän asiakirjan sivuilla
edellisillä sivuilla kuvattujen olennaisten yhdenmukaistamista koskevien EU-säädösten vaatimusten mukaisia.
[Svenska] EU-försäkran om överensstämmelse
Tillverkare: Ossila BV, Biopartner 3 building, Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, NL.
Vi intygar härmed att den utrustning som förtecknas överensstämmer med relevanta förordningar gällande EU-
harmonisering som fmns på föregående sidor i detta dokument.

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3. Safety
3.1 Warning
3.2 Use of Equipment
The Ossila Four-Point Probe System is designed to be used as instructed. It is intended for use
under the following conditions:
•Indoors in a laboratory environment (Pollution Degree 2).
•Altitudes up to 2000m.
•Temperatures of 5°C to 40°C; maximum relative humidity of 80% up to 31°C.
The unit is supplied with a 24 VDC power adapter with a power cord for the country of purchase,
in accordance with European Commission regulations and British Standards. Use of any other
electrical power cables, adaptors, or transformers is not recommended.
3.3 Hazard Icons
The following symbols can be found at points throughout the rest of the manual. Note and read
each warning before attempting any associated operations associated with it:
Table 3.1. Hazard warning labels used in this manual.
Symbol
Associated Hazard
Electrical shock
3.4 General Hazards
Before installing or operating the Ossila Four-Point Probe System there are several health and
safety precautions which must be followed and executed to ensure safe installation and operation.
•The absolute maximum input voltage for the Vsense channels is ±12 V. Do NOT apply
input while not powered.

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3.5 Power Cord Safety
Emergency power disconnect options: use the power cord as a disconnecting method
and remove from wall. To facilitate disconnect, make sure the power outlet for this cord
is readily accessible to the operator.
3.6 Servicing
If servicing is required, please return the unit to Ossila Ltd. The warranty will be invalidated if:
•Modification or service has been carried out by anyone other than an Ossila engineer.
•The Unit has been subjected to chemical damage through improper use.
•The Unit has been operated outside the usage parameters stated in the user
documentation associated with the Unit.
•The Unit has been rendered inoperable through accident, misuse, contamination,
improper maintenance, modification, or other external causes.
3.7 Health and Safety –Servicing
Servicing should only be performed by an Ossila engineer. Any modification or alteration
may damage the equipment, cause injury, or death. It will also void your equipment’s
warranty.

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4. Requirements
Table 4.1 details the power requirements for the system, and the minimum computer
specifications for the Ossila Sheet Resistance software.
Table 4.1. Four-Point Probe System requirements.
Power
24 VDC
Operating Systems
Windows 10 or 11 (32-bit or 64-bit)
CPU
Dual Core 2 GHz
RAM
2 GB
Available Hard Drive Space
194 MB
Monitor Resolution
1440 x 900
Connectivity
USB 2.0
Ethernet (requires DHCP)

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5. Unpacking
5.1 Packing List
The standard items included with the Ossila Four-Point Probe System are:
•The Ossila Four-Point Probe.
•24 VDC power adapter.
•USB-B cable.
•USB memory stick pre-loaded with the user manual, software installer, QC data, and USB
drivers.
•400 –450 nm FTO coated glass substrate (60 x 60 x 2.2 mm).
•10 kΩ resistor test head.
5.2 Damage Inspection
Examine the components for evidence of shipping damage. If damage has occurred, please
contact Ossila directly for further action. The shipping packaging will come with a shock indicator
to show if there has been any mishandling of the package during transportation.

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6. Specifications
The Four-Point Probe System measurement specifications are shown in Table 6.1 and Table 6.2,
and the physical specifications are shown in Table 6.3.
Table 6.1. Four-Point Probe System measurement specifications.
Voltage range
±100 μV to ±10 V
Current range
±10 nA to ±200 mA
Sheet resistance range
100 mΩ/square to 10 MΩ/square
Table 6.2. Accuracy and precision of the Four-Point Probe System at each resistance range. Accuracy is the
maximum deviation from the true value. Precision is the maximum deviation between identical
measurements (useful for comparative measurements).
Sheet Resistance
Accuracy
Precision
Measured at Range
100 mΩ/square
±8%
±3%
200 mA
1 Ω/square
±2%
±0.5%
200 mA
10 Ω/square
±1%
±0.5%
200 mA
100 Ω/square
±1%
±0.05%
20 mA
1 kΩ/square
±1%
±0.03%
20 mA
10 kΩ/square
±1%
±0.02%
2 mA
100 kΩ/square
±2%
±0.05%
200 μA
1 MΩ/square
±8%
±0.5%
20 μA
10 MΩ/square
±30%
±5%
20 μA
Table 6.3. Four-Point Probe System physical specifications.
Probe Spacing
1.27 mm
Rectangular Sample
Size Range
Long Edge Minimum: 4 mm
Short Edge Maximum: 60 mm
Circular Sample Size
Range (Diameter)
4 mm to 76.2 mm
Maximum Sample
Thickness
10 mm
Overall Dimensions
Width: 145 mm
Height: 150 mm
Depth: 240 mm

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7. System Components
The Four-Point Probe System is comprised of: the Ossila Four-Point Probe System (Figure 7.1) and
the Ossila Sheet Resistance Software (Figure 7.2).
Figure 7.1. The Ossila Four-Point Probe.
Figure 7.2. The Ossila Sheet Resistance Lite software.
8. Installation
1. Install the Ossila Sheet Resistance Lite software on your PC.
I. Run the file ‘Ossila-Sheet-Resistance-Lite-Installer-vX-X-X-X.exe’ on the USB
memory stick provided.
II. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the software.
2. Connect the 24 VDC power adaptor to the power socket on the rear of the unit.
3. Connect the unit to your PC using the provided USB-B cable, or an Ethernet cable if
preferred.
I. If you are using a USB connection and the unit is not detected, please refer to the
SMU USB Driver Installation Guide found on the USB memory stick.
Note: The Ossila Sheet Resistance Lite software and Source Measure Unit USB drivers can
also be downloaded from ossila.com/pages/software-drivers

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9. Operation
9.1 Taking a Measurement
1. Place your sample in the centre of the vertical stage.
2. Raise the platform until the probes have retracted approximately half-way into their
housing.
I. One full turn of the micrometer (after initial contact is made) is a good way to
ensure that there is good electrical contact between the probes and your sample.
II. Ensure that the probes make contact with the centre of the sample.
III. For rectangular samples, the longest edge should be aligned parallel to the probes.
3. Start the Ossila Sheet Resistance Lite software. The window shown in Figure 9.1 will open.
4. Set the appropriate settings in the software (explained in more detail in Section 9.2).
5. Click the on/off toggle button.
I. The system will attempt to pass a current between through the sample.
II. If a current can be passed though the sample, the system will measure the sheet
resistance, which will be displayed in the program.
III. If a thickness has been provided, the resistivity and conductivity will also be
displayed.
IV. The measurement will continue until the on/off toggle button is clicked or the
software is closed.
Figure 9.1. Ossila Sheet Reisistance Lite software.
9.2 Software Settings
There are several settings in the program which must be filled in before taking a measurement.
These are found in the column on the left of the window, as shown in Figure 9.1.

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9.2.1 Basic Settings
Figure 9.2. Basic settings.
(I) System Address
•Select the COM port or IP address of the connected unit you intend to use (USB and
Ethernet connection respectively).
I. This box will be populated automatically with the addresses of any units connected
to the computer or network.
(II) Geometry
•Select the geometry of the sample being measured.
I. This is required to calculate the geometrical correction factor for the current
sample.
II. If the shape of the sample is irregular, consider whether it is closer to rectangular
or circular and then estimate what size of that shape could fit within the sample.
(III) Long Side (Rectangular Sample)
•Sets the length of the long side of the sample in mm (if the sample is rectangular).
I. This is required for calculating the appropriate geometrical correction factor.
(IV) Short Side (Rectangular Sample)
•Sets the length of the short side of the sample in mm (if the sample is rectangular).
I. This is required for calculating the appropriate geometrical correction factor.
(V) Diameter (Circular Sample)
•Sets the diameter of the sample in mm (if the sample is circular).
I. This is required for calculating the appropriate geometrical correction factor.

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(VI) Thickness (Optional)
•Sets the thickness of the conductive layer being measured in µm.
I. This enables the calculation of the resistivity and conductivity of the sample, as
well as calculating a thickness correction factor for samples with a thickness
greater than 40% of the probe spacing.
II. It is not needed for sheet resistance measurements of samples with a thickness
less than 40% of the probe spacing, thus can be set to 0 if not known.
9.2.2 Saving Results
Figure 9.3. Save settings.
(I) Readings to Save
•Set the number of measurements to save.
(II) Save
•Opens a file dialog window to choose where to save the data.
(III) Saved Data Format
•The applied current, measured voltage, and measured sheet resistance are saved to the
file.
•The mean and standard deviation of the sheet resistance measurements are saved to the
same file, placed after the data readings.
•If a thickness is provided, the resistivity and conductivity values are also saved.
9.2.3 Advanced Settings
Advanced settings can be found by checking the “Use Advanced Settings” box below the basic
settings. This will also show the voltage and current set between the outer probes, and voltage
measurements between the inner probes. Note that these settings will only be used whilst “Use
Advanced Settings” box is ticked, default settings will be used when not ticked.

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Figure 9.4. Ossila Sheet Resistance software showing advanced settings options.
Figure 9.5. Advanced settings.
(I) Probe Spacing
•Sets the spacing between each of the probes in mm.
I. This is required to determine the appropriate geometric correction factors for the
sample being measured.
(II) Samples per Point
•Select the number of samples to be taken for each measurement.
I. A higher number of samples per point will improve the accuracy and precision of
the measurement. However, this will increase the time taken for it to be
performed.

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(III) Current Range
•Select whether the appropriate range should be automatically determined or whether a
specific range of currents is used.
I. This defines the upper limit and accuracy of current measurements that can be
performed by the unit.
II. Autorange will enable the measurement to automatically switch ranges as needed.
III. The maximum current values for each range are shown in the range selection box.
(IV) Polarity
•Sets whether the measurement polarity is positive or negative.
(V) Voltage Limit
•Sets the maximum voltage the measurement can apply to the sample in volts.
I. If the voltage limit is exceeded the measurement will stop.
(VI) Current Limit
•Sets the maximum current the measurement can apply to the sample in mA.
I. If the current limit is exceeded the measurement will stop.
(VII)Reset to Default
•Clicking this button will reset all advanced settings to their default values.

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10. Test Head
The system is shipped with a test head that can be used to verify the correct operation the system
by providing a reference measurement. It is designed to give a response of 10 kΩ when a sheet
resistance measurement is performed on it using the system.
Figure 10.1. Four-point probe test head.
10.1 Taking a Measurement
1. Replace the four-point probe head on the system with the test head.
I. To do this first disconnect the cables, then remove the 5 screws attaching the head
to the system.
II. Remove the four-point probe head and place the test head on the system.
III. Attach the test head using the screws, then connect the cables.
2. Plug in and switch on the system.
3. Allow at least 30 minutes for the system to warm up.
4. Start the Sheet Resistance Lite software and enter the settings in Figure 10.2.
I. Note, Long Side and Short Side can be any value greater than 55 mm, this is to
ensure that no correction factor is applied to the measurement.

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Figure 10.2. Measurement settings for the test head.
5. Start the measurement.
6. The system should measure a sheet resistance between 9.9 and 10.1 kΩ/square (within
1% of 10 kΩ/square).
Figure 10.3. Example measurement of the test head.

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11. Troubleshooting
Most of the issues that may arise will be detailed here. However, if you encounter any issues that
are not detailed here, then contact us by email at [email protected]. We will respond as soon as
possible.
11.1 Installation and Setup
Problem
Possible Cause
Action
No power/display
The power supply may not be
connected properly.
Ensure the system is firmly plugged
into the power supply, and that the
plug is connected to both the
adaptor and a working power socket.
The power supply adaptor has a
fault.
Contact Ossila for a replacement
power supply adaptor.
Software does not
start
The wrong version of Windows is
installed on the computer.
Install the software on a computer
with Windows Vista or newer.
The software has not installed
properly.
Try reinstalling the software.
Cannot connect to
the system via USB
The USB cable may not be
connected properly.
Ensure the USB cable is firmly
plugged in at both ends.
The USB cable may not be
connected to a working USB port.
Try connecting the unit to a different
USB port on the computer.
The USB cable is defective.
Try using a different USB-B cable,
and contact Ossila if necessary.
Cannot connect to
the system via
network
The MAC address of the unit is
not registered with the internal
network.
Register the system on the network
using the MAC address obtained via
a USB connection (see Source
Measure Unit manual).
The Ethernet cable may not be
connected properly.
Ensure the Ethernet cable is firmly
plugged in at both ends.
The Ethernet cable is defective.
Try using a different Ethernet cable.