Palstar R30A User manual

Palstar Incorporated
9676 N. Looney Rd.,
Piqua, OH 45356 USA
Customer Service and Sales Telephone:
1-800-773-7931
Fax:
1-937-773-8003
Email:
in [email protected]
Version 1.1 August 15, 2008
© Copyright 2008 Palstar Inc.
Printed in the U.S.A.
R30A SHORTWAVE RECEIVER
Owner’s Manual

1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
2 Important Safeguards
WARNING: TO PREVENT FIRE OR
ELE TRI AL SHO K DO NOT
EXPOSE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE
1. Read Instructions—All the safety and
operating instructions should be read before
the appliance is operated.
2. Retain Instructions—The safety and
operating instructions should be retained for
future reference.
3. Heed Warnings—All warnings on the
appliance should be adhered to.
4. Follow Instructions—All operating and
use instructions should be followed.
5. Cleaning—Unplug this appliance from the
wall outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid
cleaners or aerosol cleaners. Use a damp
cloth for cleaning.
6. Do Not Use ttachments—not recom-
mended by the manufacturer or they may
cause hazards.
7. Water and Moisture—Do not use this
product near water—for example, near a
bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub,
in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool—
and the like.
8. ccessories—Do not place this product on
an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or
table. The product may fall, causing serious
injury to a child or adult, and serious damage
to the appliance.
9. Ventilation—This product should never be
placed near or over a radiator or heat register.
This product should not be placed in a built-in
installation such as a bookcase or rack unless
proper ventilation is provided or the manufac-
turer’s instructions have been adhered to. Any
slots or openings in the cabinet are provided
for ventilation. To ensure reliable operation of
the video product and to protect it from over-
heating, these openings must not be blocked
or covered. The openings should never be
blocked by placing the product on a bed, sofa,
rug, or other similar surface.
10. Grounding or Polarization—this product
is equipped with a 3-wire line cord receptacle.
It is intended for use with a 3-wire properly
grounded power socket. Do not defeat the
safety purpose of the supplied line cord and
plug.
11. Power Sources—This product should be
operated only from the type of power source
indicated on the marketing label. If you are not
sure of the type of power supplied to your
home, consult your appliance dealer or local
power company.
12. Power-cord Protection—Power-supply
cords should be routed so they are not likely
to be walked on or pinched by items placed
upon or against them. Pay particular attention
to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles,
and the point where they exit.
13. Lightning—For added protection for this
product during a lightning storm, or when it is
left unattended and unused for long periods of
time, unplug it from the wall outlet.
WARNING: TO REDU E THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELE TRI SHO K, DO NOT
EXPOSE THIS APPLIAN E TO RAIN OR MOISTURE. DO NOT
OPEN THE ABINET WHILE OPERATING. REFER SERVI ING TO
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
AUTION: TO PREVENT ELE TRI SHO K, DO NOT USE THE THREE WIRE
ORD WITH AN EXTENSION ORD RE EPTIA LE OR OTHER
OUTLET UNLESS THE BLADES AN BE FULLY INSERTED TO
PREVENT BLADE EXPOSURE.
An appliance and cart combination should
be moved with care. Quick stops, exces-
sive force and uneven surfaces may cause
the appliance and cart combination to
overturn.
The lightning flash with arrow head
symbol, within an equilateral triangle, is
intended to alert the user to the presence
of uninsulated “dangerous voltage” within
the product’s enclosure that may be of
sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of
electric shock to persons.
The exclamation point within an equilateral
triangle is intended to alert the user to the
presence of important operating and
maintenance (servicing) instructions in the
literature accompanying the appliance.
Warranty and Service 7
1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
Limited Warranty
Palstar Inc. warrants products manu-
actured by it to be ree rom de ects
in material and workmanship under
normal use and service for a period
of two 2) years for the AT-
AUTO, AT10K, AT5K, AT4K, and
all other products for one 1) year
from the date of delivery to the
first buyer (the “Warranty Period”).
Palstar Inc’s obligation under this war-
ranty is limited to repair or replace-
ment o the product; at its option at
the Palstar actory in Piqua, OH.
E ective only when the product is
returned to the actory with all trans-
portation charges prepaid and exami-
nation o the product discloses in Pal-
star’s judgment, to have been de ective
during the Warranty Period.
The Warranty Period shall not extend
beyond its original term with respect
to interim in-warranty repairs by Pal-
star. This Warranty Period shall not
apply to any product which has been
repaired or altered by anyone other
than Palstar without prior written
authorization. Warranty does not ex-
tend to any products which have been
subject to damage rom improper in-
stallation, application or maintenance in
accordance with the operating speci i-
cation. Palstar neither assumes nor
authorizes any person to assume or it
any obligation or liability other than
herein stated.
Repair Policy
When sending in a product or service,
please “double” box it care ully and
ship it insured or your protection.
Please include a note clearly describing
the problem, how you wish the item
returned and how you wish to pay or
the service. Package your radio prop-
erly. Palstar, Inc. is not responsible or
merchandise damaged in shipment.
Our service rate is $30 per hour (1/2
hr. minimum).
Return Policy
All returns must receive prior authori-
zation rom Palstar. Returned items
must be received in original—AS
SHIPPED– condition including the
original box, manuals, accessories, and
copy o sales receipt. Returns must be
within 14 days o purchase. Returned
items are subject to a 25% restocking
ee. Shipping is not re undable.

26 Notes
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Important Safeguards cont’d 3
14. Power Lines—An outside antenna sys-
tem should not be located in the vicinity of
overhead power lines, other electric light or
power circuits, where it can fall into such
power lines or circuits. When installing an
outside antenna system, extreme care should
be taken to keep from touching such power
lines or circuits as contact with them may be
fatal.
15. Overloading—Do not overload wall out-
lets and extension cords as this can result in a
risk of fire or electric shock.
16. Object and Liquid Entry—Never push
objects of any kind into this product through
openings as they may touch dangerous volt-
age points or short-out parts that could result
in a fire or electric shock. Never spill liquid of
any kind on the product.
17. Servicing—Do not attempt to service this
product yourself as opening or removing
covers may expose you to dangerous voltage
or other hazards. Refer all servicing to quali-
fied service personnel.
18. Damage Requiring Service—Unplug this
product from the wall outlet and refer servicing
to qualified service personnel under the fol-
lowing conditions:
a. When the power-supply cord or plug is
damaged.
b. If liquid has been spilled, or objects have
fallen into the product.
c. If the product has been exposed to rain or
water.
d. If the product does not operate normally by
following the operating instructions. Adjust
only those controls that are covered by the
operating instructions. An improper adjust-
ment may result in damage and will often
require extensive work by a qualified
technician to restore the product to its normal
operation.
e. If the product has been dropped or the
cabinet has been damaged.
f. When the product exhibits a distinct change
in performance—this indicates a need for
service.
19. Replacement Parts—when replacement
parts are required, be sure the service techni-
cian has used replacement parts specified by
the manufacturer or have the same character-
istics as the original parts. Unauthorized sub-
stitutes may result in fire, electric shock or
other hazards.
20. Safety Checks—Upon completion of any
service or repairs to this product, ask the
service technician to perform safety checks to
determine that the product is in proper operat-
ing condition.
21. Outdoor ntenna Grounding—Before
attempting to install this product, be sure the
antenna or cable system is grounded so as to
provide some protection against voltage
surges and built-up static charges.
a. Use No.10 AWG copper, No.8AWG alumi-
num, No.17AWB copper-clad steel or bronze
wire or larger, as ground wire.
b. Secure antenna lead-in and ground wires to
house with stand-off insulators spaced from 4
feet to 6 feet apart.
c. Mount antenna discharge unit as close as
possible to where lead-in enters house.
d. A driven rod may be used as the grounding
electrode where other types of electrode
systems do not exist. Refer to the National
Electric ode, ANSI/NFPA 70-1990 for infor-
mation.
e. Use jumper wire not smaller than No.6
AWG copper or equivalent, when a separate
antenna grounding electrode is used.

4 Table of Contents
1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
Important safeguards 2
General Description 5
Front Panel Functions 6
Rear Panel Functions 11
Other Features 13
Radio Theory Primer—Frequency & Wavelength 14
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 15
Radio Propagation 15
Shortwave Broadcast Bands 17
mateur Radio Bands 18
World Time 19
Warranty and Service 21
Specifications 22
Specifications 25
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Dimensions 232mm W x 100mm H x 225mm D
9.13” W x 3.94” H x 8.88” D
Weight: 1.8 kg (3.9 lbs)
Sensitivity 100 kHz to 2 MHz
AM 2 µV
SSB .5 µV
2 MHz to 30 MHz
AM 1 µV
SSB .5 µV max
10db(S+N/N)
Selectivity 45 MHz 8 kHz BW
455 Khz (AM) 6 kHz
SSB 2.4 kHz
Dynamic Range >90 dB at 50 kHz from desired
Spurious Responses At 45 MHz > 65 dB rejection
At 455 MHz > 90 dB rejection
Intermodulation Third order Intercept +15dbm
Frequency Stability +/- 20 Hz per hour –15° to +50°
GC Range 1µV to 500 mV < 2 dB change
Attack time < 3 ms
Delay - slow < 4 secs
Delay - fast <.5 secs
udio 2 watts into 8 Ω 2% THD
Distortion:
1 kHz signal AM at
60% mod. Depth < 1%
SSB < .5%
S/N Ratio (AM Mode)
6 kHz filter ref. 60% @ 1 kHz
5 µV 20 dB
500 µV > 50 dB
(SSB Mode)
5 µV 30 dB
500 µV > 50 dB
Power Supply D required 12 vdc@1A regulated
Quiescent current 300 mA (with lamps)
Typical current use 350-800 mA

24 Specifications
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Frequency Coverage 100 kHz to 30 MHz
Reception Modes AM, LSB, USB, W
Receiver System Microprocessor controlled PLL tuning,
dual conversion superheterodyne receiver.
Display 6-digit backlit L D display, additional
indicators show ATT, AG , LSB, USB,
AM, BW Analog S-meter, calibrated S1 to
S9, +20dB, +40dB, +60dB
Tuning Rotary encoder, Tuning rate: 20 Hz to 100
Hz slow and 100 Hz to 500 Hz per step in
fast mode. Up/Down buttons: 100 KHz per
step
Memory 100 frequency memories selected with
front panel encoder tuning knob or up/
down buttons. Receiver frequency is
retained while switched off. Locked display
with tuning knob.
IF Filters All modes, either 2.5 kHz or 5.8 kHz
operator selectable
RF ttenuator 10 dB
Controls Power on/off and volume
MODE AM, LSB, USB
MEM Memory button
ATT Attenuator
BW Bandwidth
AG Fast or Slow
Up & Down (100 KHz steps)
ntenna Inputs 50 Ω SO239 and
500 Ω and ground with
compression terminals
udio Outputs External speaker—1/4” jack selected
balanced output.
Headphone—1/4” jack
Internal Speaker is disconnected when
headphones or external speaker are
plugged in. Recorder output (line audio).
Mute audio for use with a transmitter.
Power Supply External 12 D supply & internal 10 cell
battery pack for portable use (lamps in off
mode). 2.1mm ID, 5.5mm OD, center
positive D Input Jack
General Description 5
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The Palstar RA30 is a compact, high-performance,
general coverage receiver for the Long Wave, Medium
Wave, and Short Wave bands, with tuning from 100
kHz to 30MHz.
The R30A HF shortwave receiver is capable of receiv-
ing multimode signals and features high sensitivity and
high dynamic range to eliminate annoying intermodula-
tion distortion interference. Two world famous ollins
IF filters (2.5KHz ad 5.8KHz) provide unmatched selec-
tivity.
The radio also features 100 programmable memories,
variable rate tuning and switchable bandwidth in all
modes. A 10 AA cell internal battery pack automatically
connects to the radio when the A adaptor plug is dis-
connected, allowing portable operation.

6 Front Panel Functions
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1. On/Off & Volume Control This knob functions as the power
on/off switch and controls the audio output volume.
2. Tuning Knob
NORM L MODE: Turning the Tuning Knob changes the fre-
quency of the receiver. The tuning rate varies with the speed at
which the knob is turned. There are two tuning rate ranges. The
SLOW rate is 20 Hz per step, increasing to a maximum of 100 Hz
per step as the knob is turned faster. The FAST rate is 100 Hz per
step, increasing to a maximum of 500 Hz per step as the knob is
turned faster. To switch between the two rates, press the Tuning
Knob toward the front panel until it clicks. To return to the other
rate, once again press the knob until it clicks. With a bit of experi-
ence, you can easily tell which rate is selected by watching the
digital display change while turning the knob.
MEMORY MODE: Once Memory Mode is enabled (by pressing
the MEM button once), turning the Tuning Knob steps through the
stored memory channels. Pressing the Tuning Knob toward the
front panel until it clicks switches between display of the channel
numbers and display of the frequency of the stations stored in
each memory channel.
If the digital display shows “ H” {number}”, [{number} is the num-
ber of the active memory channel]; then pressing the Tuning Knob
1 10
2
3
4
5 6 7 9 8
23 Antennas (continued)
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building, it may be too shielded for an indoor antenna to work well.
Performance of the antenna will be improved by providing an earth
connection to a ground stake. For best results, get a good quality
ground stake approved for grounding an electrical service en-
trance, and drive it at least 8 feet into the earth. The wire from the
ground rod connects to the wing nut or to the Black terminal on the
antenna connector block on the back of the radio. The wire used in
an outdoor antenna needs to be strong enough to support its own
weight, as well as to hold up any additional weight such as ice
from an ice storm. Normally, 14 gauge or larger is considered an
adequate size, especially if the wire is copper-clad steel especially
designed for antenna use. If the far end of the antenna is sup-
ported by a tree or other support that sways in the wind, a pulley
and weight arrangement will prevent the swaying from putting ad-
ditional strain on the wire.
W RNING: ny outdoor antenna MUST be located
so that it cannot fall on power lines or power lines
cannot fall on it, if they should come down. lso,
any outdoor antenna MUST have an approved
lightning arrestor, installed in accordance with ap-
plicable building and electrical codes, at the point
where the antenna connection enters the building.

22 Antennas
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SSB signal in AM mode, you will hear a highly distorted sound,
often described as being a "Donald Duck" type of sound. To prop-
erly hear the audio, a local replacement for the carrier is provided
by the BFO.
The "USB" and "LSB" mode buttons on the front of your Palstar
R30A are pre-tuned and optimized BFO settings for the reception
of Upper and Lower Sideband signals. You must choose the cor-
rect one: listening to USB in the LSB mode or vice-versa will result
in more distortion. To avoid confusion over which to use, Hams by
agreement use LSB on 160, 80, and 40 Meters, and USB on the
bands above that. Shortwave broadcasters tend to use USB.
Having chosen the correct USB or LSB setting, as you tune across
a SSB signal the audio pitch will change, and you will reach a
point where the voice becomes understandable, and it finally will
reach a normal sounding pitch. If you continue to tune past, the
pitch will again change.
NTENN S
Previously we talked about the relationship between frequency
and wavelength. Antennas work best when their length is a signifi-
cant fraction (i.e. 1/4 or 1/2) of a wavelength. That means that an
antenna gives its ideal best performance on only one frequency.
Since the Palstar R30A receives from 100 kHz to 30 MHz, the
range of wavelengths it covers is from 3000 Meters to 10 Meters,
so no single antenna can give optimal performance on all frequen-
cies.
Fortunately, receiving antennas are less demanding than transmit-
ting antennas, and adequate performance can be had with quite
simple arrangements. If you live in an ordinary frame or brick
home, surprisingly good results can be had with a wire strung
around the walls of a room. Just strip 1/4" (10 mm) or so of the
insulation from one end and connect it to the Red terminal on the
antenna terminal block on the back of the R30A. The wire can be
simple 22 gauge insulated hookup wire. If you don't have a metal
roof, effective wire antennas can also be strung in attics.
You may desire the improved performance that an outdoor an-
tenna provides, or, if you live in a steel-reinforced or metal-sided
Front Panel Functions 7
1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
toward the front panel until it clicks will cause the stored frequen-
cies to be displayed, instead of the channel numbers. To return to
channel number display, once again press the Tuning Knob until it
clicks. To return to Normal Mode, press the MEM button again.
FREQUENCY LOCK MODE prevents the tuned frequency from
being changed by either the Tuning Knob or the UP and DOWN
buttons. This is used when it is necessary to monitor a specific
frequency, and you want to be sure the tuning cannot be changed
by inadvertently bumping the controls or by vibration. After tuning
in the desired station, to engage Frequency Lock Mode, press in
and hold the Tuning Knob for 2 seconds. The Digital Display will
show “LO DIS” to indicate that the frequency cannot be changed.
To release the Frequency Lock, once again press in and hold the
Tuning Knob for 2 seconds. If the R30A is powered down while the
frequency is locked, it will still be locked when powered up again.
3. UP Button When in:
NORM L MODE: Increases receiver frequency in 100 Kilohertz
steps. If the button is held down, it repeats automatically.
MEMORY MODE: Steps UP through the recorded memory chan-
nels one at a time. If the button is held down, it repeats automati-
cally.
MEMORY STORE MODE: Steps UP through all memory channels
one at a time. If the button is held down, it repeats automatically.
4. DOWN Button When in:
NORM L MODE: Decreases receiver frequency in 100 Kilohertz
steps. If the button is held down, it repeats automatically.
MEMORY MODE: Steps DOWN through the recorded memory
channels one at a time. If the button is held down, it repeats auto-
matically
MEMORY STORE MODE: Steps DOWN through all memory
channels one at a time. If the button is held down, it repeats auto-
matically.
5. MEMORY Button
a. Entering memory mode: Starting from the Normal Mode,

1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
pressing the MEM button once will place the receiver in Memory
Mode, and the digital display will show memory channel informa-
tion. The display will be “ H {number}”, where {number} is the
number of the active memory channel. To display the frequency of
the active
memory channel, press once on the Tuning Knob until it clicks. To
return to the channel number, press on the Tuning Knob again.
To step through the memory channels, either press the UP or
DOWN buttons or turn the Tuning Knob. If you have pressed the
Tuning Knob to display memory channel frequency, then the fre-
quency of the stored channels will be displayed instead of the
channel numbers as you step through.
Only memory channels that have information stored in them will be
displayed. For example, if only memory channels 1 through 10
have information stored in them, continuing to step past memory
channel 10 will loop back to memory channel 1 and start over.
Likewise, if channels 1 through 10 and 15 through 20 have infor-
mation stored, while channels 11 through 14 are empty, stepping
past 10 will skip over 11 through 14 and resume at 15.
To return to Normal Mode, press the MEM button again. Upon the
return to Normal Mode, the unit will be tuned to the station stored
in the memory channel selected while in Memory Mode. If the
R30A is turned off while in memory Mode, it will be in Memory
Mode when it is powered up again.
b. To store memory information: In Normal Mode, tune in the
station you wish to store in memory. All associated settings (i.e.
AM, LSB, or USB; Bandwidth; AG ; and Attenuation) will be
stored along with the frequency. Be certain that everything is cor-
rect before entering Memory Store Mode, because once Memory
Store Mode is enabled, you will not be able to view or change the
frequency or to view or change the associated settings.
c. To enter Memory Store Mode: First tune in the station you
desire to store, then press and hold the MEM button for 2 sec-
onds. The digital display will show “ H {number}.” The default
{number} displayed will be the lowest available empty memory
channel number, and {number} will be flashing.
8 Front Panel Functions 21 Single Sideband (SSB) Reception
1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
ates a signal that is mixed with the received signal with just
enough frequency offset to result in the audio tone.
In the Palstar R30A, the BFO is engaged by choosing the Upper
Sideband (USB) or Lower Sideband (LSB) modes. As you tune
across a W signal, its pitch will change, and you tune until the
pitch is most pleasing to your ear.
Single Sideband (SSB) Reception
Single Sideband (SSB) is a mode that provides the benefits of re-
duced bandwidth (thereby taking up less room on the radio dial)
and greater efficiency in the use of transmitted power (thereby
allowing the signal to effectively reach further without increasing
transmitter power). The cost of these improvements is the require-
ment that the receiver have a Beat Frequency Oscillator (BFO),
and tuning is somewhat more difficult. SSB is widely used by
Hams, Utility stations, the military, and even some shortwave
broadcasters.
Here is a brief explanation of what SSB is: a radio transmitter is
tuned to the frequency it is to transmit on, called the carrier fre-
quency. The desired signal (voice or music) is mixed with the car-
rier frequency in a process called modulation. The result is three
frequencies: 1) the original carrier frequency, 2) an upper side-
band consisting of the carrier frequency with the modulating signal
added to it, and 3) a lower sideband consisting of the carrier fre-
quency with the modulating signal subtracted from it.
All of the information to be transmitted is contained in each side-
band. Once sidebands are generated, the only purpose the carrier
serves is to provide a reference for the receiver to use in recover-
ing the audio from the signal. If you strip away one of the side-
bands and the carrier, what is left is a Single Sideband signal.
Feed it to an antenna, and it will go out over the air just like any
other radio frequency signal. (As you can see, the term “carrier” is
a bit of a misnomer; it really doesn’t “carry” anything) Either the
upper or the lower sideband can be used.
A regular AM receiver cannot properly process an SSB signal
without the carrier to use as a reference. If you try to listen to an

20 CW Reception
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To convert UT to local time, you will need to know how many
time zones you are located east or west of Greenwich, England. If
you are located east of Greenwich, you add the number of time
zones, west of Greenwich you subtract the number of time zones.
Also, you need to remember that UT never goes on Daylight or
Summer Time, so your offset will be different between summer
and winter if you live in an area that sets the clocks forward in
summer.
If you live in North America, one of the easiest ways to determine
UT is to tune your R30A to the National Institute of Standards
and Technology’s shortwave stations, WWV or WWVH, which
broadcast simultaneously on standard frequencies of 2.5, 5, 10, 15
and 20 MHz. (WWVH does not transmit on 20 MHz.) They an-
nounce the UT time every minute, with accuracy tied to the most
accurate atomic clocks on the world.
WWV is located in Boulder, olorado, and WWVH is located on
the Island o Kauai in Hawaii. So you can tell them apart, WWV has
a male announcer voice, and WWVH has a female announcer
voice. One or the other of these stations should be able to be
heard on one of the frequencies 24 hours a day from anywhere in
North America.
.
You may find that having a clock that can be left set to UT will
make it easier to figure out when your favorite shortwave program
is on. There are several low-cost 24 hour digital clocks available
from suppliers who cater to radio buffs.
CW Reception
W (an abbreviation for ontinuous Wave) or Morse code recep-
tion requires a bit more doing than listening to AM voice transmis-
sions. A W transmission is simplicity itself -- a transmitter is
switched on and off by a telegraph key in the pattern of the dots
and dashes of the Morse code. However, if you tune in this signal
in regular AM mode, all you will hear is a kind of intermittent raspy
noise as the dots and dashes go by. To convert the W signal into
a pleasant audio tone that is easy to read, there is a circuit in the
receiver called a Beat Frequency Oscillator (BFO). The BFO cre-
1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
d. To store the previously tuned station in the default channel
number, press the MEM button once.
e. To store the previously tuned station in a memory channel
other than the default: First select the channel desired by using
the Tuning Knob or the UP and DOWN buttons. Empty channels
will be indicated by a FLASHING channel number. Previously
used channels will be indicated by a FLASHING channel number,
followed by the FLASHING letter “P”. hoosing to store in a previ-
ously used channel will cause the new station information to over-
write the previously stored information. Once the desired channel
number is displayed, press the MEM button once to store.
f. If you are in Memory Store Mode, and decide that you do not
want to store a memory, turn the power off and wait 5 seconds or
so. When the R30A is turned on again, it will come up in Normal
Mode.
NOTE: The memories in the Palstar R30A are non-volatile, the will
remain no matter how long power is disconnected from the re-
ceiver. Once a memory channel has had information stored to it, it
cannot be deleted or emptied, it can only be overwritten by new
information.
Digital Display
NORM L MODE: Displays received frequency.
MEMORY MODES: Displays memory channel information.
FREQUENCY LOCK MODE: Displays “LOCDIS”
6. MODE Button - Repeatedly pressing the MODE button steps
through Amplitude Modulation (AM), Lower Side Band (LSB), and
pper Side Band ( SB) reception modes. The currently selected
mode is indicated by the lights to the left of the digital display. The
bandwidth automatically switches to the width appropriate for the
reception mode selected.
7. BW (BandWidth) Button - Switches between WIDE bandwidth
(5.8kHz) for AM reception and NARROW bandwidth (2.5 kHz) for
SSB reception. The indicator is lit when bandwidth is NARROW.
Front Panel Functions 9

10 Front Panel Functions
1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
The bandwidth automatically switches to the width appropriate for
the reception mode selected by the MODE button, but the oppo-
site bandwidth can be selected by pushing the BW button once.
Pressing BW again will return to the previous setting.
8. GC ( utomatic Gain Control) Button - Switches between
Fast and Slow AGC response time. The indicator is lit when AG
responses time is FAST. For most normal reception, AG re-
sponse time should be SLOW. The primary use for the FAST re-
sponse time is when listening to W (Morse code) stations.
9. TTenuator Button - Switches in 10 dB of attenuation to pre-
vent overloading of the receiver by strong local stations. The indi-
cator is lit when attenuation is ON. For most normal reception, at-
tenuation should be OFF.
10. Headphone Jack - A standard 1/4” monaural phone plug (2
conductor) is provided to enable listening without disturbing oth-
ers. The headphone jack is designed for use with 8 ohm monaural
headphones. If stereo headphones are used, the sound will only
be heard in one ear. When headphones are plugged in, the inter-
nal speaker (of external speaker, if one is in use) is disabled.
World Time 19
1-800-773-7931 W WW.PALST AR . CO M
The Amateur Radio bands are as follows:
Frequency in kHz Band Name
3500-4000 80 Meters
7000-7300 40 Meters
10100-10150 30 Meters ( W/Data only)
14000-14350 20 Meters
18068-18168 17 Meters
21000-21450 15 Meters
24890-24990 12 Meters (Shared with Fixed Service)
28000-29700 10 Meters
Other Services
The Shortwave spectrum is also home to many other radio ser-
vices, including ship-to-shore, transoceanic airlines, government,
military, and others. Often called “Utility Stations” or “Utes” for
short, their transmission modes include W, AM voice, SSB voice,
radio teletype and data. The monitoring of Utes is a specialized
and rapidly changing area of the SWL hobby. It is beyond the
scope of this guide to provide more details, but there are books,
magazine columns, newsletters, and internet webpages if you
want more information.
World Time
Let’s say you want to listen to a BB newscast at 5pm. But, is that
5pm in London where the program originates, 5pm in Southeast
Asia where the BB relay transmitter is located, or 5pm in New
Zealand, where the intended audience lives?
To eliminate such problems, shortwave broadcast schedules are
kept in World Time. World Time is the local time at the Prime
Meridian, zero degrees of longitude, which runs through
Greenwich, England.
In the past, World Time was known as Greenwich Mean Time,
today it is usually called oordinated Universal Time, abbreviated
as UT . The military designates UT with the letter “Z” and refers
to it as “Zulu”, which is the phonetic pronouncer for “Z.” UT is a
24 hour clock and the times are written in four digits with no punc-
tuation. Thus, midnight is 0000 hours, 1pm is 1300 hours, and so
on.