PCB Piezotronics 1630-04C User manual

Model 1630-04C
STRAIN GAGE LOAD CELL
Installation and Operating Manual
For assistance with the operation of this product,contact:
PCB Load & Torque, Inc.
Toll-free: 866-684-7107
24-hour SensorLine™: 716-684-0001
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.pcbLoadTorque.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that
may be found elsewhere in this manual.
Total Customer Satisfaction – PCB
Piezotronics guarantees Total Customer
Satisfaction. If, at any time, for any
reason, you are not completely satisfied
with any PCB product, PCB will repair,
replace, or exchange it at no charge. You
may also choose to have your purchase
price refunded in lieu of the repair,
replacement, or exchange of the product.
Service – Due to the sophisticated nature
of the sensors and associated
instrumentation provided by PCB
Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is
not recommended and, if attempted, may
void the factory warranty. Routine
maintenance, such as the cleaning of
electrical connectors, housings, and
mounting surfaces with solutions and
techniques that will not harm the
physical material of construction, is
acceptable. Caution should be observed
to insure that liquids are not permitted to
migrate into devices that are not
hermetically sealed. Such devices should
only be wiped with a dampened cloth
and never submerged or have liquids
poured upon them.
Repair – In the event that equipment
becomes damaged or ceases to operate,
arrangements should be made to return
the equipment to PCB Piezotronics for
repair. User servicing or repair is not
recommended and, if attempted, may
void the factory warranty.
Calibration – Routine calibration of
sensors and associated instrumentation is
recommended as this helps build
confidence in measurement accuracy and
acquired data. Equipment calibration
cycles are typically established by the
users own quality regimen. When in
doubt about a calibration cycle, a good
“rule of thumb” is to recalibrate on an
annual basis. It is also good practice to
recalibrate after exposure to any severe
temperature extreme, shock, load, or
other environmental influence, or prior
to any critical test.
PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-
9001 certified metrology laboratory and
offers calibration services, which are
accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,
with full traceablility to N.I.S.T. In
addition to the normally supplied
calibration, special testing is also
available, such as: sensitivity at elevated
or cryogenic temperatures, phase
response, extended high or low
frequency response, extended range, leak
testing, hydrostatic pressure testing, and
others. For information on standard
recalibration services or special testing,
contact your local PCB Piezotronics
distributor, sales representative, or
factory customer service representative.
Returning Equipment – Following
these procedures will insure that your
returned materials are handled in the
most expedient manner. Before returning
any equipment to PCB Piezotronics,
contact your local distributor, sales
representative, or factory customer
service representative to obtain a Return
Warranty, Service, Repair, and
Return Policies and Instructions

Materials Authorization (RMA)
Number. This RMA number should be
clearly marked on the outside of all
package(s) and on the packing list(s)
accompanying the shipment. A detailed
account of the nature of the problem(s)
being experienced with the equipment
should also be included inside the
package(s) containing any returned
materials.
A Purchase Order, included with the
returned materials, will expedite the
turn-around of serviced equipment. It is
recommended to include authorization
on the Purchase Order for PCB to
proceed with any repairs, as long as they
do not exceed 50% of the replacement
cost of the returned item(s). PCB will
provide a price quotation or replacement
recommendation for any item whose
repair costs would exceed 50% of
replacement cost, or any item that is not
economically feasible to repair. For
routine calibration services, the Purchase
Order should include authorization to
proceed and return at current pricing,
which can be obtained from a factory
customer service representative.
Warranty – All equipment and repair
services provided by PCB Piezotronics,
Inc. are covered by a limited warranty
against defective material and
workmanship for a period of one year
from date of original purchase. Contact
PCB for a complete statement of our
warranty. Expendable items, such as
batteries and mounting hardware, are not
covered by warranty. Mechanical
damage to equipment due to improper
use is not covered by warranty.
Electronic circuitry failure caused by the
introduction of unregulated or improper
excitation power or electrostatic
discharge is not covered by warranty.
Contact Information – International
customers should direct all inquiries to
their local distributor or sales office. A
complete list of distributors and offices
can be found at www.pcb.com.
Customers within the United States may
contact their local sales representative or
a factory customer service
representative. A complete list of sales
representatives can be found at
www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone
numbers for a factory customer service
representative, in the division
responsible for this product, can be
found on the title page at the front of this
manual. Our ship to address and general
contact numbers are:
PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
3425 Walden Ave.
Depew, NY 14043 USA
Toll-free: [phone]
24-hour SensorLineSM: [phone]
Website: www.pcb.com
E-mail: [email protected]
DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354
DOCUMENT REVISION: B
ECN: 17900

PCB Load & Torque, Inc. Toll-Free in USA 866-684-7107 716-684-0001 www.pcbloadtorque.com
S-TYPE LOAD CELL OPERATION MANUAL
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................2
2.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS....................................................................................................2
3.0 OVERVIEW..........................................................................................................................2
3.1 Dimensions .......................................................................................................................................2
4.0 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION..........................................................................................2
5.0 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ...........................................................................................2
5.1 Electrical Drawing / Western Regional Std.......................................................................................3
5.2 Output Polarity ..................................................................................................................................3
5.3 Cable & Grounding Considerations ..................................................................................................3
6.0 CALIBRATION.....................................................................................................................3
6.1 Calibration Certificate Description.....................................................................................................3
6.1.1 Measured Output.....................................................................................................................3
6.1.2 Hysteresis................................................................................................................................4
6.1.3 Best Fit Output........................................................................................................................4
6.1.4 Strain Gage Measurements .....................................................................................................4
6.1.5 Shunt Calibration Standard Resistor.......................................................................................4
6.1.6 Static Error Band (SEB)..........................................................................................................4
7.0 SHUNT CALIBRATION DESCRIPTION..............................................................................4
7.1 Resistor Value...................................................................................................................................4
7.2 Shunt Calibration Process.................................................................................................................4
7.3 Estimating Shunt Resistor for a Given Load.....................................................................................4
8.0 MAINTENANCE...................................................................................................................4
9.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING........................................................................................................5
9.1 Mechanical Trouble Shooting ...........................................................................................................5
9.2 Electrical Trouble Shooting...............................................................................................................5
10.0 CALIBRATION / REPAIR SERVICES...............................................................................5
10.1 RMA / Purchase Order....................................................................................................................5
11.0 WARRANTY ......................................................................................................................5

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S-TYPE LOAD CELL OPERATION MANUAL
2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
S-type load cells manufactured by PCB Load & Torque, Inc.
are accurate strain gage sensors used for weighing and force
measurement. Their high accuracy makes them ideally suited
for critical weighing applications. S-type load cells are
typically used to measure tensile loads, however, compression
loads can also be measured when compression loads are
guided and any resultant extraneous loads are minimized.
Standard 1/4”-28 female threads facilitate ease of installation.
The following document explains the characteristics and
installation of the S-type load cells.
2.0 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Failure of the load cell structure may cause personal injury
and equipment damage.
The load cell can withstand loads of at least 150% of the full-
scale capacity before any damage occurs to the sensing
element. Be sure that the load cell and any fixturing used is
properly designed, fabricated, and securely installed prior to
use.
3.0 OVERVIEW
S-type load cells come in a variety of capacities to handle
loads ranging from 50 lbf to 5k lbf.
3.1 Dimensions
4.0 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION
Loads applied to S-type load cells must be even and centered.
Compensation linkages (e.g. rod end bearing, alignment
couplers) are recommended to help minimize load
misalignment. When installing fixtures, be sure to thread the
fixture to the load cell, and not the load cell to the fixture. If
alignment fixtures are not used, ensure loading surfaces are
flat and parallel, with loads applied in-line with the sensor.
5.0 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
Electrical Connection: Pig-tailed, 10 ft, integrated cable
Table 4 - Electrical Connections
Figure 2 - Dimensions
Table 2 - Dimension Values
Table 1 - Full-Scale Capacities
Figure 1 – S-Type Load Cell Loading
Full-Scale Capacities
Model (lbf) (N)
1630-03C 50 222
1630-04C 100 445
1630-06C 250 1112
1631-01C 500 2224
1631-03C 1000 4448
1631-04C 2000 8896
1631-06C 5000 22241
Tensile Load
Tensile Load
Series Number
1630 1631 1631-06C
Dimensions
(see Figure 2)
(in) (mm) (in) (in) (in) (mm)
1 2.50 63.5 3.00 76.2 3.50 88.9
2 2.00 50.8 2.00 50.8 2.50 63.5
3 2.05 52.1 2.05 52.1 2.55 64.8
4 1.00 25.4 1.00 25.4 1.25 31.8
5 2.00 50.8 2.00 50.8 2.00 50.8
6 0.31 7.9 0.50 12.7 0.75 19.1
7
0.63
15.9
1.00 25.4
1.50 38.1
8 0.74 18.8 1.11 28.3 1.61 41.0
9 ∅0.65 ∅16.5 ∅0.65 ∅16.5 ∅0.65 ∅16.5
10 1/4”-28 Tapped 1/4”-28 Tapped 1/4”-28 Tapped
11 10 ft integral cable
1
2
3
5
4
6
10
9 7
10
8
11

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S-TYPE LOAD CELL OPERATION MANUAL
3
5.1 Electrical Drawing / Western Regional Std.
All load cells are wired following the Western Region
Standard. All models utilize strain gages configured into a
Wheatstone Bridge Circuit to produce the primary sensing
element. The four-arm Wheatstone bridge configuration is
shown below in Figure 3.
The gages are bonded to the load cell's structure.
Typically, a regulated DC or AC excitation is applied
between A and D of the bridge. When a force is applied to
the load cell, the Wheatstone bridge becomes unbalanced,
causing an output voltage between B and C, which is
proportional to the applied load. This configuration allows
for temperature and pressure compensation, as well as
cancellation of signals caused by forces not directly
applied to the axis of the applied load. Output is typically
expressed in units of mV/V of excitation.
5.2 Output Polarity
The following figure describes the output polarity.
5.3 Cable & Grounding Considerations
Proper grounding and shielding is required to prevent
electrical noise in strain gage load cell measuring systems.
The cable must be shielded twisted pairs with a drain wire.
Cable shields must be grounded only at one end, for example,
on the instrument or control system ground. The load cell
case is grounded by mechanical attachment to the structure to
which it is mounted.
The instrument or control system is grounded through its
power cord. Ground loops and measuring system wiring may
result in unstable or noisy signals.
A simple test with a voltmeter connected between the power
cord ground and the structure on which the load cell is
mounted can confirm that the structure has been properly
grounded. If the power cord ground and structure ground are
not at the same potential, it may be necessary to provide a
secure structure ground, perhaps by driving a copper rod and
attaching a ground strap.
6.0 CALIBRATION
Every S-type load cell manufactured by PCB Load & Torque,
Inc. has been fully calibrated per ISO/IEC 17025 procedures,
and meets all published specifications. Each load cell will
come with a calibration certificate designated with matching
model and serial numbers. PCB Load & Torque also offers
calibration services on an on-going basis.
6.1 Calibration Certificate Description
Calibration reports supplied with S-type load cells contain
valuable information to assist the customer in use of the
equipment. A separate calibration report is provided for
tension and compression calibrations. Calibration procedures,
equipment, and reports comply with ISO/IEC 17025.
6.1.1 Measured Output
The applied load starting at zero is measured in five
increments to full scale. Output (mV/V) is measured at each
increment. The straight-line from zero to the full scale
measurement is compared to the measured readings at each
increment to calculate the error at each load increment. The
deviations (% Full Scale) corresponding to non-linearity at
each measurement increment are then calculated.
Figure 5 - Grounding
Test Rig Ground
Power Supply
Instrument Ground
Cable Shielding
Load Cell
C
A
D
B
- Signal White
- Excitation Black
+ Excitation Red
+ Signal Green
Figure 3 - Western Regional Strain Gage Committee Wiring Code
Figure 4 - Output Polarity
Tensile Load
= Positive
Tensile Load
= Positive

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S-TYPE LOAD CELL OPERATION MANUAL
4
6.1.2 Hysteresis
The difference between the ascending and descending
measured readings at 40% of full scale is used to calculate the
hysteresis value.
6.1.3 Best Fit Output
The best fit calibration second-order equation has been
calculated from the calibration data by the method of least
squares. Deviation between measured output and best-fit
output is calculated and displayed in the column next to the
best-fit output for each measurement increment. The
deviations (% Full Scale) of measured outputs from the
calculated best fit are tabulated for each measured reading.
6.1.4 Strain Gage Measurements
6.1.5 Shunt Calibration Standard Resistor
All S-type load cell calibrations use a 60K Ohm (0.1%)
precision resistor shunt calibration value that is supplied into
the calibration report.
6.1.6 Static Error Band (SEB)
The static error band (SEB) is determined by the maximum
deviations of the ascending and descending calibration points
from the best fit straight line through zero output. The SEB
includes the effects of nonlinearity, hysteresis, and non-return
to minimum load.
7.0 SHUNT CALIBRATION DESCRIPTION
Shunt calibration is used to simulate a known tension or
compression load on a load cell. The calibration certificate
will indicate which leg of the bridge to apply the shunt resistor
to for both tension and compression load simulation. Typically
tension is simulated by inserting the shunt resistor between the
+P and +S connector leads. Compression loading is simulated
by inserting the shunt resistor between the +S and –P
connector leads.
7.1 Resistor Value
S-type load cells have a nominal 2.0 mV/V full scale output.
For a 350 ohm strain gage bridge the precision shunt resistor
is, 60,000 ohms ±0.1%, simulates an output of approximately
73% of the full scale output for the load cell. The calibration
values for each bridge are found on the calibration certificates
supplied with each load cell.
7.2 Shunt Calibration Process
To perform the shunt calibration, use the following procedure:
1. Stabilize all forces on the load cell. If possible,
remove all loads.
2. Allow the powered sensor and signal conditioner to
warm up for a minimum of 30 minutes
3. Set the load indicator display to read exactly 00.000.
4. Connect the shunt resistor to the terminals specified
in the calibration certificate, and adjust the span or
gain until the display reads the force value stated on
the certificate.
5. Repeat steps 1-3 to verify that a valid calibration
setting has been obtained.
6. If possible, apply a known load to the measurement
system to further verify that the calibration has been
accurately set up.
7.3 Estimating Shunt Resistor for a Given Load
The following formula can be used to estimate the
approximate value of shunt resistor required to simulate a
mechanical load.
R
cal
= (25 * R
b
) / (Output
FS
* L
cal
)
Where: R
cal
= Shunt Resistor (K ohms)
R
b
= Bridge Resistance (ohms)
Output
FS
= Full Scale output of the load cell (mV/V)
L
cal
= Load to be simulated, % of Load Cell Capacity
8.0 MAINTENANCE
Routine maintenance of the S-type load cell should include
cleaning the electrical connectors, housings, and mounting
surfaces with solutions and techniques that will not harm the
physical material of construction. Make sure liquids are not
allowed to migrate into devices that are not hermetically
sealed. Such devices should only be wiped with a damp cloth,
and never be submerged or have liquids poured on them.
Never use a pressure washer on the load cells.
Bridge Resistance: 350 Ohm Nominal
Excitation: +P(A) to –P(D) Ohms
Signals: +S(B) to –S(C) Ohms
Leakage to Ground: > 5k GOhm
Bridge Unbalance: ±1.0% Full Scale
Output: 2.0 mV/V Nominal
Maximum Voltage: 20 VDC
Table 5 – Strain Gage Measurements

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S-TYPE LOAD CELL OPERATION MANUAL
5
Yearly calibrations are recommended to ensure that the unit’s
outputs match the factory specifications.
9.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING
Proper performance of a load cell requires careful attention to
both electrical and mechanical aspects of the measurement
system. A basic understanding of the electrical and
mechanical installation requirements is recommended.
9.1 Mechanical Trouble Shooting
A mechanical checklist includes:
1. Check for proper installation of fixturing.
2. Check integrity of the fixturing.
9.2 Electrical Trouble Shooting
An electrical checklist should start with:
1. Check cables for proper wiring and make sure
connections are secure and proper.
2. Inspect for loose or dirty electrical connections.
3. Check for improper shield grounds.
4. Check for proper grounding of the structure that the
load cell is mounted on.
5. Check the signal conditioning electronics for proper
setup.
6. Check the insulation resistance of shielded
conductors for short circuits.
7. Check isolation resistance, load cell flexure to
conductors.
8. Check load cell bridge resistances, (A-D) excitation
and (B-C) the signal leads.
9. Check bridge balance.
10. Keep a record of your observations, correct problems,
or contact PCB factory for assistance.
10.0 CALIBRATION / REPAIR SERVICES
PCB Load & Torque offers calibration and repair services.
The PCB Calibration Laboratory in Farmington Hills,
Michigan is A2LA Accredited per ISO/IEC 17025.
Standard calibration certificates list five force points
ascending and one point descending. Additional data points
are available at extra cost upon request. A 60 K ohm (±0.1%)
shunt calibration resistor is supplied with each load cell
calibration.
Certificate information includes tabulated measurement
variable data zero balance, bridge input/output resistance,
computer nonlinearity and hysteresis, static error band (SEB)
calculations and entries abilities and traceability statements.
If an initial evaluation shows that a transducer requires repair,
PCB will provide the customer with an estimate prior to taking
any corrective action.
10.1 RMA / Purchase Order
Please request a return material authorization (RMA) before
sending a load cell back to the factory for any reason. For
calibration services, if possible, a copy of the purchase order
covering the requested services should be included with the
returned load cell.
11.0 WARRANTY
Standard warranty on S-type load cells covers parts and
workmanship. For full details, refer to the Warranty
Statement supplied with each load cell.
If the load cell is defective for reasons other than overloads,
return it to the factory for detailed evaluation. Factory
evaluation may show that the load cell is repairable or non-
repairable and if repair or replacement will be under warranty.
If not under warranty, the customer will be contacted with the
cost of repairs and recalibration. Once authorization to
proceed is received, a delivery date will be provided.
Manual Number: 55947
Manual Revision: NR
Revision Date: 6/5/13
ECO Number: 41592

Model Number
1630-04C
STRAIN GAGE LOAD CELL Revision: C
ECN #: 41486
Performance
ENGLISH
SI
Measurement Range 100 lb 445 N
[5]
Sensitivity(± 10 %) 2 mV/V 2 mV/V
[6]
Non-Linearity ≤0.05 % FS ≤0.05 % FS
Hysteresis ≤0.03 % FS ≤0.03 % FS
Non-Repeatability ≤0.02 %RO ≤0.02 %RO
Resonant Frequency 1.8 kHz 1.8 kHz
Creep(in 20 minutes) ≤0.08 % ≤0.08 %
Environmental
Overload Limit 150 lb 667 N
Load Limit(Side Force, F
X
or F
Y
) 10 lb 44.5 N
[3]
Load Limit(Bending Moment, M
X
or M
Y
) 20 in-lb 2.26 Nm
[3]
Load Limit(Axial Torque, M
Z
) 20 in-lb 2.26 Nm
[3]
Temperature Range(Operating) 0 to +200 °F -18 to +93 °C
Temperature Range(Compensated) +70 to +170 °F +21 to +77 °C
Temperature Effect on Output(Maximum) ± 0.0008 %Reading/°F ± 0.0015 %Reading/°C
[4]
Temperature Effect on Zero Balance(Maximum) ± 0.0015 %FS/°F ± 0.027 %FS/°C
[4]
Electrical
Bridge Resistance 350 Ohm 350 Ohm
[1]
Excitation Voltage(Recommended) 10 VDC 10 VDC
[2]
Insulation Resistance
>5x10
9
Ohm >5x10
9
Ohm
Zero Balance ± 1 % FS ± 1 % FS
Physical
Size (Length x Height x Width) 2.00 in x 2.50 in x 0.625 in 51 mm x 64 mm x 16 mm
Weight 0.23 lb 104 g
Mounting Thread 1/4-28 thread No Metric Equivalent
Housing Material Aluminum Aluminum
Sensing Element Strain Gage Strain Gage
Deflection at Full Scale Capacity 0.002 in 0.05 mm
Electrical Connector 10 ft - Integrated Cable 10 ft - Integrated Cable
Electrical Connection Position Side Side
All specifications are at room temperature unless otherwise specified.
In the interest of constant product improvement, we reserve the right to change specifications without notice.
ICP
®
is a registered trademark of PCB Group, Inc.
OPTIONAL VERSIONS
Optional versions have identical specifications and accessories as listed for the standard model
except where noted below. More than one option may be used.
NOTES:
[1]
Nominal.
[2] Calibrated at 10 VDC, usable 5 to 20 VDC or VAC RMS.
[3]
Singularly applied, i.e. no other extraneous loads.
[4]
Over compensated operating temperature range.
[5]
FS
-
Full Scale.
[6]
RO
-
Rated Output.
Entered: AP Engineer: JSD Sales: KWW
Approved: DA
Spec Number:
Date: 6/12/2013 Date: 6/12/2013 Date: 6/12/2013 Date: 6/12/2013
45995
PCB Load & Torque, Inc.
24350 Indoplex Circle
Farmington Hills, MI 48335
UNITED STATES
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [e-mail]
Web site: http://www.pcbloadtorque.com