PCB Piezotronics 2304-01A User manual

Model 2304-01A
Reaction Torque Sensor
Installation and Operating Manual
For assistance with the operation of this product,contact:
PCB Load & Torque, Inc.
Toll-free: 866-684-7107
24-hour SensorLine™: 716-684-0001
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.pcbLoadTorque.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that
may be found elsewhere in this manual.
Service –Due to the sophisticated
nature of the sensors and associated
instrumentation provided by PCB
Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is
not recommended and, if attempted,
may void the factory warranty. Routine
maintenance, such as the cleaning of
electrical connectors, housings, and
mounting surfaces with solutions and
techniques that will not harm the
physical material of construction, is
acceptable. Caution should be observed
to ensure that liquids are not permitted
to migrate into devices that are not
hermetically sealed. Such devices
should only be wiped with a dampened
cloth and never submerged or have
liquids poured upon them.
Repair –In the event that equipment
becomes damaged or ceases to
operate, arrangements should be made
to return the equipment to PCB
Piezotronics for repair. User servicing or
repair is not recommended and, if
attempted, may void the factory
warranty.
Calibration –Routine calibration of
sensors and associated instrumentation
is recommended as this helps build
confidence in measurement accuracy
and acquired data. Equipment
calibration cycles are typically
established by the users own quality
regimen. When in doubt about a
calibration cycle, a good “rule of thumb”
is to recalibrate on an annual basis. It is
also good practice to recalibrate after
exposure to any severe temperature
extreme, shock, load, or other
environmental influence, or prior to any
critical test.
PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-
9001 certified metrology laboratory and
offers calibration services, which are
accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,
with full traceability to SI through
N.I.S.T. In addition to the normally
supplied calibration, special testing is
also available, such as: sensitivity at
elevated or cryogenic temperatures,
phase response, extended high or low
frequency response, extended range,
leak testing, hydrostatic pressure
testing, and others. For information on
standard recalibration services or
special testing, contact your local PCB
Piezotronics distributor, sales
representative, or factory customer
service representative.
Returning Equipment –Following
these procedures will ensure that your
returned materials are handled in the
most expedient manner. Before
returning any equipment to PCB
Piezotronics, contact your local
distributor, sales representative, or
factory customer service representative
to obtain a Return Warranty, Service,
Repair, and Return Policies and
Instructions Materials Authorization
(RMA) Number. This RMA number
should be clearly marked on the outside
of all package(s) and on the packing
Service, Repair, and Return
Policies and Instructions

list(s) accompanying the shipment. A
detailed account of the nature of the
problem(s) being experienced with the
equipment should also be included
inside the package(s) containing any
returned materials.
A Purchase Order, included with the
returned materials, will expedite the
turn-around of serviced equipment. It is
recommended to include authorization
on the Purchase Order for PCB to
proceed with any repairs, as long as
they do not exceed 50% of the
replacement cost of the returned
item(s). PCB will provide a price
quotation or replacement
recommendation for any item whose
repair costs would exceed 50% of
replacement cost, or any item that is not
economically feasible to repair. For
routine calibration services, the
Purchase Order should include
authorization to proceed and return at
current pricing, which can be obtained
from a factory customer service
representative.
Contact Information –International
customers should direct all inquiries to
their local distributor or sales office. A
complete list of distributors and offices
can be found at www.pcb.com.
Customers within the United States may
contact their local sales representative
or a factory customer service
representative. A complete list of sales
representatives can be found at
www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone
numbers for a factory customer service
representative, in the division
responsible for this product, can be
found on the title page at the front of this
manual. Our ship to address and
general contact numbers are:
PCB Piezotronics, Inc.
3425 Walden Ave.
Depew, NY14043 USA
Toll-free: [phone]
24-hour SensorLineSM: [phone]
Website: www.pcb.com
E-mail: [email protected]

PCB工业监视和测量设备 - 中国RoHS2公布表
PCB Industrial Monitoring and Measuring Equipment - China RoHS 2 Disclosure Table
部件名称
有害物质
铅(Pb)
汞
(Hg)
镉
(Cd)
六价铬(Cr(VI))
多溴联苯 (PBB)
多溴二苯醚(PBDE)
住房
O
O
O
O
O
O
PCB板
X
O
O
O
O
O
电气连接器
O
O
O
O
O
O
压电晶体
X
O
O
O
O
O
环氧
O
O
O
O
O
O
铁氟龙
O
O
O
O
O
O
电子
O
O
O
O
O
O
厚膜基板
O
O
X
O
O
O
电线
O
O
O
O
O
O
电缆
X
O
O
O
O
O
塑料
O
O
O
O
O
O
焊接
X
O
O
O
O
O
铜合金/黄铜
X
O
O
O
O
O
本表格依据 SJ/T 11364 的规定编制。
O：表示该有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求以下。
X：表示该有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求。
铅是欧洲RoHS指令2011/65/ EU附件三和附件四目前由于允许的豁免。
CHINA RoHS COMPLIANCE

DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354
DOCUMENT REVISION: D
ECN: 46162
Component Name
Hazardous Substances
Lead
(Pb)
Mercury
(Hg)
Cadmium
(Cd)
Chromium VI
Compounds
(Cr(VI))
Polybrominated
Biphenyls
(PBB)
Polybrominated
Diphenyl
Ethers (PBDE)
Housing
O
O
O
O
O
O
PCB Board
X
O
O
O
O
O
Electrical
Connectors
O
O
O
O
O
O
Piezoelectric
Crystals
X
O
O
O
O
O
Epoxy
O
O
O
O
O
O
Teflon
O
O
O
O
O
O
Electronics
O
O
O
O
O
O
Thick Film
Substrate
O
O
X
O
O
O
Wires
O
O
O
O
O
O
Cables
X
O
O
O
O
O
Plastic
O
O
O
O
O
O
Solder
X
O
O
O
O
O
Copper Alloy/Brass
X
O
O
O
O
O
This table is prepared in accordance with the provisions of SJ/T 11364.
O: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit
requirement of GB/T 26572.
X: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials for this part is above
the limit requirement of GB/T 26572.
Lead is present due to allowed exemption in Annex III or Annex IV of the European RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU.

REACTION TORQUE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Safety Information 3
3.0 Mechanical Installation 3
4.0 Electrical Installation 4
5.0 Polarity 4
6.0 Shunt Calibration 4
7.0 Operation 5
8.0 Troubleshooting 6
9.0 Maintenance 6
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1. Flange Mount Reaction Torque Sensor 2
2. Wheatstone Bridge Circuit 2
3. Western Regional Strain Gage Committee Wiring Code 2
4. Axis and Sense Nomenclature 3
5. Reaction Torque Sensor Configurations 3
6. Shunt Resistor Locations 4
7. Reaction Torque Sensor System Configurations 5
MANUAL NUMBER: 18622
MANUAL REVISION: A
ECN NUMBER: 17765

REACTION TORQUE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL
2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Reaction torque sensors manufactured by the Force-
Torque Division of PCB are strain gage based
measuring instruments suitable for a wide range of
torque measurement applications. They are rigid
structures with no moving parts and are typically
mounted in a fixed position. Their output signal
varies proportionally to an applied torsional force.
Capacities range from 5 to 500k in-lb (0.56 to 56.5k
N-m).
Figure 1 –Flange Mount Reaction Torque Sensor
Due to the fact that these sensors do not utilize
bearings, slip rings, or any other rotating elements,
their installation and use can be very cost effective.
Reaction torque sensors are particularly useful in
applications where the introduction of a rotating
mass between the driver and driven is undesirable.
All models utilize strain gages configured into a
Wheatstone Bridge Circuit to produce the primary
sensing element. The four-arm Wheatstone Bridge
configuration is shown below in Figure 2.
Figure 2 - Wheatstone Bridge Circuit
Most PCB reaction torque sensors follow a wiring
code established by the Western Regional Strain
Gage Committee as revised in May 1960. The
wiring code is as follows:
Figure 3 - Western Regional Strain Gage Committee
Wiring Code
Refer to the wiring drawing included with this
manual for specific wiring of the supplied torque
sensor.
The gages are bonded to the sensor’s structure.
Typically, a regulated DC or AC excitation is
applied between A and D of the bridge. When
torque is applied to the sensor, the Wheatstone
Bridge becomes unbalanced, causing an output
voltage between B and C which is proportional to
the applied torque. The magnitude of the output
voltage corresponds to the torsional deflection of
the sensor structure and therefore the applied torque.
This configuration allows for temperature and
pressure compensation, as well as cancellation of
signals caused by forces not directly applied to the
axis of the applied load. Output is typically
expressed in units of millivolt per volt of excitation.
Optional signal conditioners are available from
PCB. A signal conditioner may have analog voltage
output, current output, or digital output. Digital
display signal conditioners are also available.
Axis Definition
PCB force products comply with the Axis and
Sense Definitions of NAS-938 (National Aerospace
Standard-Machine Axis and Motion) nomenclature
and recommendations of the Western Regional
Strain Gage committee. These axes are defined in
terms of a "Right Handed" orthogonal coordinate
system as show below. A (+) sign indicates force in
a direction which produces a (+) signal voltage and
generally defines a clockwise torque.
VOLTAGE IN
SIGNAL OUT SIGNAL IN
VOLTAGE OUT

REACTION TORQUE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL
3
Figure 4 - Axis and Sense Nomenclature for PCB Reaction
Torque Sensors
The principal axis of a transducer is normally the
MZaxis. The MZaxis will also be the axis of radial
symmetry or axis of rotation. In the event there is no
clearly defined axis, the following preference
system will be used z,x,y.
2.0 SAFETY INFORMATION
Failure of the sensor structure or fasteners used in
its installation may cause personal injury and
equipment damage. To prevent structure failure,
review the extraneous load limits listed on the
specification sheet supplied with this manual.
Extraneous load limits are extraneous side force,
thrust and bending moment that may be applied
without electrical or mechanical damage to the
torque sensor. Do not exceed moment (W x S) or
shear (W) whichever attained first. Measurement
inaccuracy and structure damage may result. Install
the sensor in a manner that minimizes these loads.
In addition, review data from manufacturers of
fixtures and fasteners used in the sensors
installation to determine if failure might occur due
to these loads.
3.0 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION
Refer to the outline drawing supplied with this
manual for specific outline dimensions and
installation details for your particular model. The
specification is also included to provide details of
the sensor’s characteristic properties.
Shown below are some of the standard reaction
torque sensor configurations offered by the
Force/Torque Division.
Figure 5 –Reaction Torque Sensor Configurations

REACTION TORQUE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL
4
4.0 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
For proper electrical connections, refer to the
installation drawing for the torque sensor, and the
wiring drawing for the signal conditioner used.
Construct the interconnect cable from high-quality
shielded instrumentation cable. Various cable
assemblies are available through PCB.
Connect one end of the cable to the sensor
connector and the other end to the signal
conditioner. Make sure to tighten the cable
connector to the sensor. For installation in dirty,
humid, or rugged environments, it is suggested that
the connection be shielded against dust or moisture
with shrink tubing or other protective material.
Strain relieving the cable/sensor connection can also
prolong cable life. Mounting cables to a test
structure with tape, clamps, or adhesives minimizes
cable whip.
5.0 POLARITY
Clockwise torque upon standard PCB reaction
torque sensors produces a positive-going voltage
output. Counter-clockwise torque produces a
negative-going voltage output.
6.0 SHUNT CALIBRATION
Shunt calibration is the known, electrical,
unbalancing of a strain gage bridge by means of a
fixed resistor that is placed, or “shunted”, across
one leg of the bridge. The “Wheatstone Bridge”
utilized by PCB reaction torque sensors are typically
calibrated using the shunt calibration technique.
Shunt calibration is a method of periodically
checking the gain or span of a signal conditioner,
which is used in conjunction with a strain gage
based transducer, without exposing the transducer to
known, traceable, physical input values. If required,
adjustments can then be made to the signal
conditioner to insure accurate measurement results.
The strain gage bridge is “in balance”when the host
mechanical structure is unloaded and unstressed.
As the host structure (diaphragm, bending beam,
shear beam, column, etc.) is loaded or stressed, the
Wheatstone Bridge becomes unbalanced, resulting
in an output signal that is proportional to the applied
load.
Shunt calibration simulates the mechanical input to
a transducer by unbalancing the bridge with a fixed
resistor placed across, or in parallel with, one leg of
the bridge. For tension shunt calibration, or +CAL,
the shunt resistor (Rst) is shunted across the
+Excitation (A) and +Signal (B) leg of the bridge.
For compression shunt calibration, or –CAL, the
shunt resistor (Rsc) is shunted across the -Excitation
(D) and +Signal (B) leg of the bridge. Refer to
Figure 6 for shunt resistor locations in the
Wheatstone Bridge circuit.
Figure 6 - Shunt Resistor Locations
Shunt Calibration Procedure
1. Connect the transducer to an appropriate strain
gage signal conditioner and allow adequate time
for the system to stabilize.
2. Apply a full-scale, N.I.S.T. traceable,
mechanical input (or torque) to the transducer.
3. Adjust the signal conditioner’s gain or span
controls, as required, to obtain a full-scale
electrical output signal, and/or numeric display
that represents the applied, mechanical input
quantity.
4. Remove the mechanical input (or torque).
5. Place the shunt calibration resistor across an
appropriate leg of the Wheatstone Bridge as
discussed above.

REACTION TORQUE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL
5
6. Record the value of the signal conditioner’s
output signal and/or numeric display. This
value is the shunt calibration value, or
equivalent torque.
7. It is important to note that the shunt calibration
value is specific for the particular shunt resistor
used. This value, and the particular resistor, are
now matched to the transducer and form a basis
of the transferable shunt calibration.
Recalculating Shunt Calibration Value
The shunt calibration resistor value and the resulting transducer output can be recalculated using the following
formula:
Supplied Transducer Output = New Resistor Value
New Transducer Output Supplied Resistor Value
Shunt calibration is accepted throughout the industry as a means of periodic calibration of a signal conditioner
and transducer between calibrations of known, applied, traceable, mechanical, input values. Consequently, most
all strain gage transducer manufacturers collect and supply shunt calibration data, along with a shunt calibration
resistor, as a standard feature.
7.0 OPERATION
Figure 7 –Reaction Torque Sensor System Configurations
Typical Reaction Torque Sensor System Configurations
Operation requires the connection of the sensor to a signal conditioner, then to a readout device (if signal
conditioner does not have a display). Strain gage signal conditioners and cable assemblies are available from
PCB.
Operation with a Signal Conditioner
The signal conditioner span and zero must be set before the torque sensor system can be used. The span can be
set using dead weights or the shunt calibration value. Refer to the shunt calibration information in this manual,
and the signal conditioner instruction manual, for proper set-up information.