Radar Systems Prism 2 User manual

Version 2.7x
User's Manual
Riga 2022

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Table of Contents
Section
Page
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................2
2. Brief Description of Georadar...........................................................................................3
3. Terms Conventions............................................................................................................7
4. Radiolocation Data Display Examples..............................................................................9
5. Computer presets.............................................................................................................10
5.1. Software installation ................................................................................................ 10
5.2. Computer configuration for Ethernet cable connection with the GPR control
unit...........................................................................................................................10
5.3. Computer configuration for wireless Wi-Fi connection with the GPR control
unit...........................................................................................................................12
6. First Run..........................................................................................................................17
7. Menu items......................................................................................................................18
8. Positioning.......................................................................................................................28
9. GPR tuning......................................................................................................................34
10. GPR Sounding...............................................................................................................42
11. Profile handling ............................................................................................................. 44
12. Multi-profiles operations............................................................................................... 57
12.1. Profiles combining wizard.....................................................................................57
12.2. Profiles splitting wizard.........................................................................................58
12.3. Profiles 3D alignment wizard................................................................................59
13. Profiles post-processing.................................................................................................61
14. Our Recommendations..................................................................................................67
15. Radiolocation Sounding Data Format ...........................................................................68
15.1 SEG-Y Sounding Data Format...............................................................................68
16. Solving Problem of Layer-by-Layer Determination of Groung Thickness and
Permittivity by CDP Technique in Flat Layer Model ...................................................71
Appendix A. Changing the Control Unit IP address...........................................................75
Appendix B. Wi-Fi Access Point ........................................................................................77
Appendix C. How to import Zond GPR data files from Prism to Voxler® 3D
software .........................................................................................................................79
Appendix D. PrismClicker .................................................................................................82
Appendix E. Attributes........................................................................................................86

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1. Introduction
Thank you for your purchase of our Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR or “georadar”)
equipment and your interest in it. Our Company is using 40 years of experience in this
field; the studies in this field were launched by Aviation Subsurface Radiolocation
Problem Laboratory (PLAPR) legally succeeded by Radar Systems, Inc.
A modern GPR is quite a sophisticated radio engineering digital device. But it has
become simpler in operation while applying of processor, FPGA and computer
technologies, as compared with early models. The GPR user’s skill actually means
knowledges of how to use the software which description you are reading now. Take a
look on software operation, and you'll find no difficulties in it.
The correct interpretation of GPR data is a result of the certain experience which you
have already or which, hopefully, you'll acquire quite soon. The Prism2 software will be
your effective helper in your tasks and decisions.
First of all the Prism2 Software Package is designed for proper use in a field as a
component of Zond, Python and/or zGPR family of georadars. Second task of the
software is to help while GPR data processing and its interpretation.
Note: computer has to be equipped with LAN 10/100 BaseT or Gigabit device to
operate the Zond, Python and/or zGPR family of georadars by Ethernet cable or with
WiFi device for wireless communication.
The Software tasks include:
1. Control of all GPR modes, and adjustment of its parameters for specific job
conditions.
2. Receiving digital data from Georadar in a radiolocation sounding run, and
recording them in data files on a computer hard disk.
3. Visualization of data being received (or received earlier) on a computer display
in user's specified mode.
4. Digital processing of received data for extracting useful signals and suppressing
noise, interference and non-informative signals.
5. Determination of various signal parameters, spectral computations, etc.
6. The results printout.
Software package is supplied on USB Flash card or online from the manufacturer
web site (http://www.radsys.lv) as installation package (SETUP.EXE).
Package is compiled as a user's integrated medium, i.e. user starts PRISM2.EXE file
only and deals only with this file. Any other auxiliary files are run automatically as a
function of user's actions.
The application has a multi-window interface which is convenient for comparison of
various profiles, e.g. before and after processing, single section covered using different
antennas, etc.

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2. Brief Description of Georadar
Georadar is quite a sophisticated engineering device. There is a GPR simplified
block diagram, which allows to imagine a general idea of its operation principle, but does
not describes its complexity.
Fig. 2.1. Simplified block diagram of GPR
The transmitter excites the transmitting antenna with very short electrical pulses. The
transmitting antenna radiates ultra-wideband one-and-half-period electromagnetic waves,
the approximate shape of which is shown in Fig. 2.2.
Target
Surface
GPR
Receiver
Transmitter
Central
Control Unit
Analog to Digital
Converter
Antenna
Antenna
Direct wave
Reflected
wave
Radiated
wave
Movement
direction
GNSS
(GPS)
Survey wheel

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Fig. 2.2. The shape of the radiated electromagnetic wave
These electromagnetic waves propagate in the sounding medium, reflecting from the
sections of the media and various (metals, cavities, various objects, layer boundaries with
different parameters, etc.). The reflected signal is received and registered by the GPR
receiver. But in addition to the reflected wave, there is also a direct wave that goes directly
from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna along the shortest path. Therefore,
at the output of the receiver, the signal is a transmitter pulse (as in Fig. 2.2.) and the
reflected pulses following it. It is necessary to estimate the delay time of the reflected
signals from this transmitter pulse in order to determine the depth of the target in the
medium.
Signals characteristics depend on the antenna, transmitter power (Tx), environmental
conditions and receiver parameters (Rx) from the moment the transmitting antenna is
excited until the reflected signal reception. All of these parameters affect the overall
dynamic range of the entire system. There have been various methods for digitizing analog
signals since the advent of digital technologies. One of the main methods used in pulsed
georadars are the stroboscopic method and the Real Time Sampling method, or their
symbiosis. Also, the structure of the GPR itself and of antenna systems used with it, or
rather, the choice of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), as the main element for
converting an analog signal to digital, depends on the chosen method of digital conversion.
Fig. 2.3. Received signal example
The transmitter pulse is clearly visible on the left
The process shown in Fig. 2.3 is very fast and takes units or hundreds of
nanoseconds and is technically difficult to process. One of the first solutions was the use of
the stroboscopic method of signal digitizing (Fig. 2.4.), as in the “Zond-12e”and
“Python-3” GPR families. The stroboscopic method is based on the thesis that the GPR
and its antenna are in the same place for a relatively ultra-short millisecond time interval.
And accordingly, within these limits, the characteristics of the environment and equipment
are not changing. So, if a wave with the same power is emitted by the transmitting GPR

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antenna, then all received signals on the receiving side will be the same. This means that it
is possible to digitize not all samples of the received signal one after another at once, but
separately each next sample on each received signal, increasing the delay with a constant
nanosecond step. Thus, the GPR will receive 512 identical signals for 512 launches of the
transmitter and take only one corresponding sample from each signal, and then build them
all up into one trace, restoring the complete signal. At the same time, the georadar needs a
transmitter with a trigger frequency of hundreds of kHz, a stroboscopic converter and a
receiver with a sampling and storage device, the output of which will be fed to the ADC
input with a trigger frequency of the transmitter.
Fig. 2.4. Block diagram of the georadar of “Zond-12e” and “Python-3” GPR families based on the
stroboscopic method
The limitation of this method is the frequency of transmitter triggering, which affects
both the stroboscopic converter and the number of received traces per second, which is
relatively small (at the level of tens or hundreds of traces per second). The problem also
lies in expanding the dynamic range of the received data through increased stacking,
because this approach requires a large number of traces and relatively fast operation of the
ADC. Low-speed ADCs cannot be used in this case.
Fig. 2.5. Block diagram of a “zGPR” family based on the Real Time Sampling method
Thus, we have to use the Real Time Sampling method (see Fig. 2.5.) in combination
with the stroboscopic approach, as in the case of the “zGPR” family. This method is based
on high-speed ADCs with a clocking frequency from tens to hundreds MHz. There is no
such direct dependence between the traces number and the transmitter clocking frequency
in this method, unlike the stroboscopic one. The design of the transmitter itself remains the
same, but one launch of the transmitter is enough to get a range of different samples

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amount from several ones to a complete trace, which significantly speeds up the operation
of the entire system and increases the volume of the received data stream. The overall
system clocking occurs at high frequencies (hundreds of MHz) - it allows the reducing of
the time base step to tens of picoseconds. But on the other hand, while the time range per
sample is decreasing, the number of transmitter launches per trace is increasing, because
the speed of the ADC does not allow a true description of the analog signal. That’s why the
central processor uses the ADC in a mixed mode operation (i.e., in a pseudo-stroboscopic
mode), where each transmitter triggering gives several samples on output, but not in a row,
with an offset corresponding to the selected time range and the ADC clocking frequency.
For example, if it is necessary to obtain a complete trace in 10 launches of the transmitter,
then the first time the system receives 0, 10, 20-th, etc. sample, further the ADC clocking
pulse phase is shifting by the corresponding value, and the system begins to receive the 1st,
11th, 21st, etc. sample on the second run. Thus, on the 10th run, the trace is completely
formed. But, if we compare it with the classical stroboscopic method, this happen an order
of magnitude faster. The traces overflow is better to convert to the high stacking (up to
hundreds, thousands and tens of thousands times), that increases the bit resolution and
dynamic range of the data, i.e. it increases the signal-to-noise ratio (one of the main
advantages of this method).
This method significantly changes the general structure of the pulsed GPR. First of
all, this is the refusing from the analog stroboscopic converter, because its functions are
now performed by an ultra-fast field programmable gates array or FPGA. It also eliminated
the need to use a receiver’s electronics with a sample and hold device, since an original
signal goes directly to the differential input of the ADC from the dipoles of the receiving
antenna. But one of the main differences is the mandatory use of FPGA, instead of
microcontrollers or processors. The main feature of FPGA is the parallel execution of
operations, and not sequential, unlike in ARM or RISC processors. This gives the
necessary speed for 64-bit operations with the "fast" ADCs, since the main task of the
FPGA is to quickly receive data from the ADC, store them in memory, stack and transfer
the final GPR traces to the logging device (computer). Such a range of tasks is beyond the
power of even modern embedded multi-core processors. One of the main advantages of the
whole system is the exact clocking of all processes under the control of the central logic,
which eliminates the analog adjustment of parameters and their “floating” during
operation.
Regardless of the GPR family architecture, it is controlled by a PC with the
“Prism2” software, the description of which you are reading right now. While you are
analyzing the GPR data, it should be borne in mind that the propagation velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the sounding medium (if it is not an air) is not equal to the speed
of light, but less than it by a factor of slowing down. The deceleration coefficient is equal
to the square root of the medium dielectric constant; this factor is automatically taken into
account in the “Prism2”software.

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3. Terms Conventions
Some of the terms used in this manual are described below, as different literature has
different interpretations of them.
Sample –a single value containing the amplitude of the reflected signal at a certain
point in time.
Trace –a set of samples containing one-dimensional information about the
reflected signals. Examples of traceses are shown in Fig.2.3 and 4.1.
Profile –or a radargram, this is a set of traces that came to the receiving antenna in
the time interval from the moment the sounding pulse was sent until the end of the
time range sweep, preseted by the operator, containing two-dimensional
information about the reflected signals received as a result some route passing. The
profile can contain any number of traces. The horizontal axis of the profile is the X
axis in meters. The vertical axis of the profile is the time axis Y with the zero at the
moment of the sounding pulse radiation, where the end corresponding to the end of
the trace recording (time range sweep). Examples of profiles in various output types
are shown in Fig. 4.2 and 4.3. A profile (or some number of profiles) as a file (-s) is
the final result of data acquisition. The next steps are data processing (if necessary),
its interpretation and printing (if necessary).
Zero point –the trace sample corresponding to the moment of the transmitter
radiation maximum. It is the sample that used as a zero. It is a point where starts
time counting of the reflected signal. As mentioned above, the transmitter pulse is
one and a half period (i.e., three lobes) signal. This suggests that the zero point
should be set to the middle of the transmitter pulse lobe (direct wave). The way to
set the zero point is described in Section 11. Working with sounding data files on
page 46. This is a very important parameter that must be taken into account while
depth determination of the target in the sounded medium. Examples of the true zero
point location are shown in Fig. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 11.3.
Wiggle plot –is a method of the profile output, where traces are located vertically
at constant distance from each other. The trace (or an average group of traces)
drawing is made by a curved line, which is deviating from the trace axis line from
side to side, depending on the amplitude of each sample in the trace. In this case,
the positive half-waves of the signals are painted with the color corresponding to
the maximum positive level of the selected color scale. The wiggle plot output
examples are shown in Fig.4.2.
Line scan –is a method of the profile output, where traces are located vertically,
close to each other, and are drawn as vertical lines. The color at each point on the
trace line depends on the amplitude of the corresponding trace sample according to
the selected color scale. The line scan examples are shown in Fig. 4.3.
Coherent lineup (in-phase axis) –it’s a line of equal phases of identical signals on
neighboring traces. For example, a line connecting the maximum of the wave
reflected from the subsurface interface, a line connecting the maximum
(minimums) of a diffraction wave from a pipeline, etc. The whole image of the
research object is built on the profile by highlighting such lines. In the case of a
subsurface interface, the in-phase axis practically repeats its shape and helps to
rebuilt its shape exactly on a depth scale for the known permittivity or wave
velocity.

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Useful signals –these are the reflected signals from the real subsurface targets
Most often, these can be single reflections from target horizons and diffracted
waves from target objects.
Not useful signals (interferences) –these are signals that are not interest from the
task point of view, but are present in the data, forming an interference pattern with
useful signals and making it difficult to truly interpret. These include: hardware
interferences, such as direct wave hiding the useful signals, multiple reflections
from shallow boundaries, many diffracted waves from cracks, boulders, etc.,
reflected and diffracted waves propagating through the air (like wires, power lines,
walls and corners of buildings, objects on the surface of the surface and above it).
Noise –represents an irregular component of the data, where it is impossible to
distinguish any in-phase axes. The reasons of the noise appearing are irregular
electromagnetic processes in the GPR equipment itself and external
electromagnetic fields of natural and artificial origin (for example, mobile
communication signals). The value of signal-to-noise ratio determines the
processing complexity and the overall efficiency of GPR researches in most cases.
Location marker –it is a point on the ground, marked by a ground hammered peg,
as well as the peg itself, a punched point or a point marked with permanent paint, a
marker on any structures, a point for marking distances on the ground with a step of
100 m on railway lines or highways.
Mark –it’s a feature of some profile trace, indicating some uniqueness of this trace
and, consequently, a point of the profiling route. Marks are used to bind the profile
to the terrain. User is able to add marks by pressing the button while passing any
landmarks on the ground or pre-placed pickets. These marks will be displayed
along with the profile, while its output. Marks examples you can see in Fig.4.3.

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4. Radiolocation Data Display Examples
Fig. 4.1. Trace output
Fig. 4.2. Wiggle plot profile output (black-and-white and colored one).
Fig.4.3 Line scan output (grayscale and colored one).
Note: The most informative output method is the line scan in the grayscale palette
(see Fig. 4.3, left side).

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5. Computer presets
5.1. Software installation
To install “Prism2”Package on the hard disk of the computer please follow the
next steps:
Plug the USB flash drive to the computer's USB port.
Wait while drive automatically recognized by the Windows and adds it to the
computer's drivers list as a virtual hard disk.
Windows will prompt you to open the contents of the drive in Explorer, open
Explorer and run the Setup program by its double-clicking.
If autorun is disabled, then click the Start button on the tray and then Run (if your
Windows does not have a the Run item in the Start menu, you is able to open the
Run window by pressing Windows Key + R), type d:\setup in the Open line of
the window Run, where d is the letter of the USB flash drive, and then click OK.
Follow the installation instructions. The activation code is sticked on the USB flash
drive envelope. You can also receive an activation code by email.
Run the “Prism2”software.
5.2. Computer configuration for Ethernet cable connection with the GPR
control unit
The “Zond-12e Advanced” GPR (from the serial number 0537) and “zGPR”
family units are equipped by a built-in wireless router, that automatically configures
the TCP / IP settings of user’s PC (TCP/IP settings have to be set to “Obtain an IP
address automatically”).For “Zond-12e Single Channel”, “Zond-12e Double Channel”
or earlier versions of “Zond-12e Advanced” GPR or if the user, for any reason, has
changed the Local Area Connection settings, user has to configure manually PC settings
for the connection with the GPR. To do so, please follow the next steps:
For Windows XP:
1. Click the Start button, point to Settings and then click Control Panel.
2. Double click the Network connections icon.
3. Double click your Local Area Connection icon and then click Properties
button.
4. Select Internet protocol [TCP/IP] and click the Properties button.
5. For GPRs manufactured after 2015 - click the Obtain an IP address
automatically option and continue from the point 9.
6. For GPRs manufactured before 2015 - click the Use the following IP
address option.
7. Click the IP Address box and enter 192.168.0.2 (if this address is occupied or
is not accessible, you could use any address from 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254,
except occupied address 192.168.0.10. Please, consult with your network
administrator before changing IP addresses).
8. Click the Subnet mask box and enter 255.255.255.0.
9. Press OK button.
10. Press Close button.

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For Windows Vista / 7:
1. Click the Start button, and then click on the Control Panel.
2. Chose the sub item View network status and tasks, of Network and Internet
item.
3. Click the link Change adapter settings in the left part of Network and
Sharing Center.
4. Select your Local Area Connection icon and click right mouse button on it.
Select the item Properties of the pop-up menu.
5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click the Properties
button.
6. For GPRs manufactured after 2015 - click the Obtain an IP address
automatically option and continue from the point 10.
7. For GPRs manufactured before 2015 - click the Use the following IP
address option.
8. Click the IP Address box and enter 192.168.0.2 (if this address is occupied or
is not accessible, you could use any address from 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254,
except occupied address 192.168.0.10. Please, consult with your network
administrator before changing IP addresses).
9. Click the Subnet mask box and enter 255.255.255.0.
10. Press OK button.
11. Press Close button.
12. Close the Network and Sharing Center window
For Windows 8 / 10 / 11:
1. Right-click on bottom left corner (on your Desktop), and then press Control
Panel.
2. Chose the sub item View network status and tasks, of Network and Internet
item.
3. Click the link Change adapter settings in the left part of Network and
Sharing Center.
4. Select your Local Area Connection icon and click right mouse button on it.
Select the item Properties of the pop-up menu.
5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click the Properties
button.
6. For GPRs manufactured after 2015 - click the Obtain an IP address
automatically option and continue from the point 10.
7. For GPRs manufactured before 2015 - click the Use the following IP
address option.
8. Click the IP Address box and enter 192.168.0.2 (if this address is occupied or
is not accessible, you could use any address from 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254,
except occupied address 192.168.0.10. Please, consult with your network
administrator before changing IP addresses).
9. Click the Subnet mask box and enter 255.255.255.0.
10. Press the OK button.
11. Click the Close button.
12. Close the Network and Sharing Center window

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If, for any reason, user doesn’t need such IP address for his PC, he may change the
IP address to the new one following procedures described above. But before PC IP address
changing, user has to change Control Unit IP address. It is 192.168.0.10 as default. Please
refer to Appendix A. Changing the Control Unit IP address (page 75) for how the default
Control Unit IP address changes.
5.3. Computer configuration for wireless Wi-Fi connection with the GPR
control unit
The “Zond-12e Advanced” GPR (from the serial number 0537), “Python-3”
(from the serial number 0027) and “zGPR” family units are equipped by a built-in
wireless router, that is able to automatically configure Wireless Network Connection
settings on user’s PC (TCP/IP settings have to be set to “Obtain an IP address
automatically”).For earlier versions of “Zond-12e Advanced” and “Python-3” GPR or if
the user, for any reason, has changed the Local Area Connection settings, user has to
configure manually PC settings for the connection with the GPR. To do so, please follow
the next steps:
For Windows XP:
1. Click the Start button, point to Settings and then click Control Panel.
2. Double click the Network connections icon.
3. Double click your wireless Wi-Fi connection icon and then click the Properties
button
4. Select Internet protocol [TCP/IP] and click the Properties button.
5. For GPRs manufactured after 2015 - click the Obtain an IP address
automatically option and continue from the point 9.
6. For GPRs manufactured before 2015 - click the Use the following IP
address option.
7. Click the IP Address box and enter 192.168.0.2 (if this address is occupied or
is not accessible, you could use any address from 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254,
except occupied address 192.168.0.10. Please, consult with your network
administrator before changing IP addresses).
8. Click the Subnet mask box and enter 255.255.255.0.
9. Press OK button.
10. Press OK button.
11. Click the right button of mouse on your wireless Wi-Fi connection and then
click Connect button.
12. Select Zond-12e or Python network and click the Connect button.
13. If you are using factory deffault Wi-Fi access point settings then follow to the
next point, otherwise chose the secutity method for Wi-Fi connection end enter
pass code if needed.
14. Press OK button.
15. Press Close button.
For Windows Vista / Windows 7:
1. Click the Start button, and then click on the Control Panel.
2. Chose the sub item View network status and tasks, of Network and Internet
item.

13
3. Click the link Change adapter settings in the left part of Network and
Sharing Center.
4. Select your wireless Wi-Fi connection icon and click right mouse button on it.
Select the item Properties of the pop-up menu.
5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4 and then click the Properties
button.
6. For GPRs manufactured after 2015 - click the Obtain an IP address
automatically option and continue from the point 10.
7. For GPRs manufactured before 2015 - click the Use the following IP
address option.
8. Click the IP Address box and enter 192.168.0.2 (if this address is occupied or
is not accessible, you could use any address from 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254,
except occupied address 192.168.0.10. Please, consult with your network
administrator before changing IP addresses).
9. Click the Subnet mask box and enter 255.255.255.0.
10. Press OK button.
11. Press Close button.
12. Click the right button of mouse on your wireless Wi-Fi connection and then
click the Connect button.
13. Select Zond-12e or Python network and click the Connect button (check the
Connect automatically checkbox to connect to the network automatically in
the feature).
14. If you are using factory default Wi-Fi access point settings then follow to the
next point, otherwise chose the security method for Wi-Fi connection end enter
pass code if needed.
15. Close the Network and Sharing Center window.
For Windows 8 / 10 / 11:
1. Right-click on bottom left corner (on your Desktop), and then press Control
Panel.
2. Chose the sub item View network status and tasks, of Network and Internet
item.
3. Click the link Change adapter settings in the left part of Network and
Sharing Center.
4. Select your wireless Wi-Fi connection icon and click right mouse button on it.
Select the item Properties of the pop-up menu.
5. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4 and then click the Properties
button.
6. For GPRs manufactured after 2015 - click the Obtain an IP address
automatically option and continue from the point 10.
7. For GPRs manufactured before 2015 - click the Use the following IP
address option.
8. Click the IP Address box and enter 192.168.0.2 (if this address is occupied or
is not accessible, you could use any address from 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254,
except occupied address 192.168.0.10. Please, consult with your network
administrator before changing IP addresses).
9. Click the Subnet mask box and enter 255.255.255.0.
10. Press OK button.
11. Press Close button.

14
12. Click the right button of mouse on your wireless Wi-Fi connection and then
click the Connect button.
13. Select Zond-12e or Python network and click the Connect button (check the
Connect automatically checkbox to connect to the network automatically in
the feature).
14. If you are using factory default Wi-Fi access point settings then follow to the
next point, otherwise chose the security method for Wi-Fi connection end enter
pass code if needed.
15. Close the Network and Sharing Center window.
Note: If during connection Set up network dialog appears (or Windows asks the
PIN code for the connection), please click the “Connect to the network without setting it
up” link (like it shown on the figure below).
Fig.5.1. Wi-Fi network Set up dialog.
We recommend using Maximum Performance power option for the wireless Wi-Fi
connections to avoid problems with weak Wi-Fi signal receiving under Windows 8/10/11.
User has to configure manually those settings, to do so, please follow the next steps:
1. To open the Control Panel:
For Windows Vista / 7–Click the Start button, and then click on the
Control Panel.
For Windows 8 / 10 / 11 –Right-click on the bottom left corner (on
your Desktop), and then select Control Panel.
2. Chose the item Power Options.
3. Follow the link Change plan settings (Fig. 5.2.)
4. Follow the link Change advanced power settings
5. Find and collapse item Wireless Adapter Settings and subitem Power Saving
Mode
6. Chose value Maximum Performance for subitems On battery and Plugged in
7. Press the OK button.

15
Fig.5.2. Power options dialog.
Fig.5.3. Edit power options dialog.

16
Fig.5.4. Power options advanced settings dialog.
Note 1: In some cases your portable device may have unsatisfactory connection
even with power settings set to the maximum performance. In this case you should use
external Wi-Fi USB adapter. We advise to use “NETGEAR N150 Wireless USB Micro
Adapter” or newer.
Note 2: The “Zond-12e” (from the serial number 0537), “Python-3” (from the
serial number 0027) and “zGPR” family units contain internal wireless router with
complex operation system. You need to contact with our customer support before you try to
change any of GPR’s Wireless network settings! Please take a look on how to change
router settings for earlier versions of GPRs in Appendix B. Wi-Fi Access Point (page 77).
Note 3: While connecting to your GPR via cable on some PCs, you will have to
disconnect from any Wi-Fi networks, or even disable “Wireless Network Connection” on
this PC completely.

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6. First Run
You will see the brief menu with four items on Prism2 start up:
Fig. 6.1 “Prism2”brief menu.
The Prism2 software default language is English. There are German, Russian,
Greek, Korean and Chinese languages as well. If you wish to change it, to any mentioned
language above, select menu View/Languages and press the button Add language. Find
and select file *.lng, where * is the language name. You may set selected language as the
default one by pressing OK button.
The next step is to enter the Radar/Positioning menu item or the Connections &
Positioning brief menu item and select one from the four possible positioning methods for
the current task. See the Positioning section below for more details.
In the Radar/Where to save menu item, you can specify the directory where your
sounding data files will be automatically saved.
In principle, now the program is already ready to work with GPR and sounding data
files, but in order for you to be ready for this, you should familiarize yourself with the
purpose of the menu items, which is the subject of the next section.

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7. Menu items
The full menu is displayed on the screen upon opening of the data file. The detailed
description of each menu item is presented below.
Fig. 7.1. Full Menu of “Prism2”.
7.1. File –file handling operations and printout.
Open –using this item you can select the required file and display it on the screen
by typing its name in the File name line, or select the required file from the list and
load it by clicking the Open button. If you need to open several files at once, first
select them with the left mouse button. This item also provides some other standard
features such as deleting, renaming, copying and creating folders and files.
Fig.7.2. File Open dialog box.

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Reopen –quick way to open last opened 10 files by single click.
Save As –save profile as a file on the hard drive.
Save All –save all currently opened profiles in different files on the hard drive.
Close All –close all currently opened profiles by a single click.
Add –add stored before profile’s data to the current profile.
Export –export profile(-s) data in different ways:
oto Bitmap –export of current profile window screenshot in the Bitmap (*.bmp)
format.
oto JPEG –export of current profile (button Apply) or of all opened profiles
(button Apply to all) screenshot in the JPEG (*.jpg) format with the chosen
JPEG compression quality.
Fig.7.3. Export to JPEG dialog box.
oMarks to text file –export of current profile marks (mark ID, trace No,
distance) to the text ASCII file (*.txt) as a Tab separated table.
oAmplitudes to text file –export of current profile data amplitude values to the
text ASCII file (*.txt), as a Tab separated table, where each traces filled as a
rows and samples as columns.
Raw data –raw data (not gained, not filtered) export.
Processed data –gained and filtered data export.
oAnnotations to text file –export of current profile annotations (File name,
Annotation type, Trace No, Sample No, Distance, Time delay, Depth,
Amplitude, mark, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Y Position, as a Tab separated
table) to text ASCII file (*.txt), where multi vertexes annotations represents by
segments.
for active profile –current profile annotations export.
for all opened profiles –all opened profiles annotations export.
oCoordinates to text file –export of current profile (button Apply) or of all
opened profiles (button Apply to all) coordinates (File name, Trace No,
coordinates columns in correspondence to chosen Coordinates System, as a Tab
separated table) to text ASCII file (*.txt), where output (export) file name could
be chosen by pressing on Browse button.
Fig.7.4. Coordinates export dialog box.