RANKO R24X User manual

Ranko R24X Mini Excavator
Operation and Maintenance
Manual
6450 NE 14th Street, Des Moines, IA 50313
515-635-0079

.
1
Directory
☆Chapter One Important Notes…………………………………....2
☆Chapter Two - How to Drive and Operate………………………..3
☆Chapter Three - Safe Operating……………………….................7
☆Chapter Four - Transportation and Parking…….........................23
☆Chapter Five - Operate and Control notes…………....................27
☆Chapter Six - Main Structure characters of Ranko
excavator………....................................................................33
☆Chapter Seven - Maintenance and Repair……………………......34
☆Chapter Eight - Common faults and trouble shooting..................43
☆Appendix Drawing of Oil filling Drain of Speed
reducer....................................................................…………46

.
2
Chapter One: Important Notes
This manual includes guidelines on how to use this Wheel Loader safely and effectively.
This manual should be kept at hand and read periodically. If this manual is lost or becomes too
dirty to be legible, you should buy a new one from your dealer. If you sell the machine, make
sure this manual will be handed over to the new user.
This manual contains safety information, operation instructions, and lubrication and
maintenance precautions. The information, specifications, and illustrations in this manual are
based on information that was available at the time of publication. The specifications, torques,
pressures, measurements & adjustments, illustrations, and other items may change at any
time. These changes may affect the service that is given to the machine. Whenever a problem
arises regarding the machine or the contents of this manual, please consult the manufacturer
or dealers for the latest available information.
The safety section describes safety concerns that require your attention during operation,
maintenance or repair. Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair
are caused by failure to observe basic safety rules or protection measures. An accident can
often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous situations before an accident occurs. All
related personnel must be acquainted with potential risks of accidents. Those persons should
also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform repair the failures. Improper
operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and could result
in injury or death. Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this
machine, until you have read and understood the operation, lubrication, and maintenance and
repair information. Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the
product. If these hazard warnings are neglected, injury or death may occur.
The operation section describes basic operation technique, and guides the operator
through correct procedures of checking, starting, operating and stopping the machine.
Therefore the operator should keep this manual at hand for continuous reading and studying.
The maintenance section is a guide to machine daily maintenance, and classified on the
basis of maintenance intervals. This manual lists the maintenance interval on the basis of
service hour meter reading. Calendar intervals (days, weeks, months) can be used instead of
service hour meter intervals if they provide more convenient servicing schedules and
approximate the indicated service hour meter reading. Ranko recommends that service
should always be performed at the interval that occurs first. Under extremely severe, dusty or
wet operating conditions, more frequent lubrication than is specified in the maintenance
intervals schedule might be necessary. Perform service on items at multiples of the original
requirement. For example, at every 500 service hours or 3 months, also service those items
listed under every 250 service or monthly, 50 service hours, or weekly, and every 10 service
hours or daily.
Ranko cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard.
The warnings in this publication and on the product are therefore not all inclusive. If a tool,
procedure, work method or operating technique not specifically recommended by Ranko is
used; you should ensure that it is safe for yourself and others. You should also ensure that the
product will not be damaged or be made unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or
repair procedures that you choose.
Each wheel loader has its own design operating capacity. Additional attachments or
modifications exceeding machine design capacity may adversely affect operation performance
of the loader, which include the operation stability as well as brakes and steering units. Please
contact your dealer for the latest information.

.
3
Chapter Two: Safe Driving and Operating
★Safety notes of the R24X Mini Excavator
1. Any person without proper training or an operating license should not operate
the machine.
The operator should wear the safety cap and the safety spectacles.
2. The driver should read the Operation and Maintenance Book and remember
the characters of the structure of the Ranko brand excavator.
3. The excavator can be used after the break-in according to the break-in period.
4. Please start the engine.
5. Please pay attention to any people or things within 10 meters when the
engine starting and working.
6. Confirm the lighting is working properly and in good condition when working at
night.
7. The driver should pay attention to the safety and comply with traffic
regulations.
8. Please pay attention to the dash meters and lights. Listen to the sound of
the machine for any abnormalities. If something sounds abnormal, please stop to
check the machine.
9. If operating the excavator on steep slopes, put the bucket down and dump
the material to avoid turning over.
10. Please keep the joy sticks in the lap position and bucket down on the
ground to prevent the machine from moving by itself or rolling.
11. Please release the water of the engine at idle speed to prevent it freezing the
machine when you finish working in winter below 32℉.
12. If the arm starts to swing without control, please stop immediately, cut off the
oil line, and check the machine.

.
4
13. Don’t fold or knock high pressure oil pipe. Hydraulic oil is about 150℉ when
the excavator is working, so do not touch to avoid scalding. Please stop and wait
for the oil to cool before repairing the hydraulic system. Please pay attention to
safety as well.
★Important Notes of excavating during the 'breaking-in' period
1. Keep the engine, speed below 30%, and max load below 20%-30%.
2. Avoid striking the throttle fiercely when starting the engine.
3. It should take about 20-50 seconds to warm-up before starting the engine
slowly.
4. Please wait to excavate the loose earth after 30-50hours of the break-in
period, and keep the load at or below 1/2 of the bucket capacity. Once past 50 hours,
you can increase the load, but still keep below 3/4 of the bucket capacity, and
continue to operate at a reduced speed.
5. Please check, adjust, and lubricate the parts of the excavator after the break-in
period. At the same time, check the condition of the lubricating oil of the gear box
and the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic oil tank to ensure cleanliness. If necessary,
change it.
★ ★Notes of excavating:
Please keep the machine steady on the ground before excavating. In order to
achieve the max efficiency. Please control the overload relief to prevent hydraulic oil
heater and damage the parts of the machine.
2. Please control the joysticks at a slow pace.
3. Please change out the hydraulic oil filter after about 1200 working hours.
4. Please choose 32# or 46# anti-wear hydraulic oil in winter, and 100# anti-
wear hydraulic oil in the summer.
The temperature should stay around 175℉ to keep the machine operating in good
condition.

.
5
5. When working in the winter, please start the engine about 15-20 minutes
before operation, until the temperature of the hydraulic oil reaches above 50℉.
Otherwise, it can cause damage to the parts and the sealing elements.
6. Please apply additional oil to all the pin rolls, joint parts, and swing support
of the whole machine after about 6-8 hours working.
7. Please check the gear section of the speed reducer regularly,
add oil if
necessary.
8. The bucket should excavate according to the track of cutting, heavy force on
hard earth could cause damage the hydraulic system. Overload/overflow will
cause the hydraulic oil to overheat and cause damage to the sealing elements and oil
pipes.
9. Don’t swing before the bucket still on ground. It is allowed to process and land
formation by bucket, but the side by the swing force.
★★★★The management of excavator oil.
1. The selection of excavator oil
2. The management of the lubricant grease
Parts
Outside
Temperature℃
Types
Oil Drain
Intervals(h)
Replace volume(L)
EngineOilPan
-35~20
CD SAE
5W-30
250
Check engine introduction
letter
-20~10
CD SAE
10W
-20~40
CD SAE
10W-30
-15~50
CD SAE
15W-40
0~40
CD SAE
30
Swing Box
-20~40
CD SAE
30
1000
Check the attached drawing,
oiling-draining of the travel
speed reducer
Travel Speed
Reducer
CD SAE
30
Hydraulic oil
tank
CD SAE
10W
5000
Oiling to the oil pointer
CD SAE
10W-30
CD SAE
15W-40

.
6
You can reduce the abrasion of the moving surface by lubricant (grease) to avoid
any noise. Please do not fix any dust, sand, water or other impurity within storage
of the lubricant grease.
We recommend the G2-L1 lithium base grease. G2-L1 model is good for
anti-wearing and is suitable for heavy working.
Please force out the old oil and clean to prevent the sand mixing with the oil. We
should select suitable lubricant grease according to different environment
temperature:
Lubricant viscosity types and usage temperature relationship:
Viscosity type
Usage Temperature T/℃
40
0~40
30
-5~30
15W/40
-20~40
10W/30
-25~30
5W/30
-30~30
5W/20
-40~20
3. The management of other oil
This includes engine oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil etc. Do not mix the oil of
different types and grades.
Different kinds of oil have different chemical and physical usages in the
working of the machine.
Please confirm the purity of the oil and prevent any contaminates such as
water, dust, sand, etc. Select the suitable oil type according to the environment
temperature and the usage. If the temperature is low, please select the high viscosity
oil. If temperature is high, please select the low viscosity oil. The gear oil is of high
viscosity, it is suitable for heavy duty drive. And the hydraulic oil is of low viscosity, it
is suitable for reducing the resistance of the fluid flowing.

.
7
Chapter Three:Safety
There are many accidents in the operating and excavating because of the
overlook of the basic notes. We will introduce some notes that you should pay
attention to. The purpose of this is so we can prevent some injuries . Please read
and understand all the safety notes before operating the machine.
●Pay attention to the safety rules
Please comply with the safety rules, notes etc.
For instance, please ask the person working in the
same area to also pay special attention to the the
warnings.
●Wear protective clothing
Please wear suitable and fitted safety shoes,
safety cap,
and working clothes. If necessary,
please wear safety glasses, face covering, gloves
and other protective items.
●Please read this operation book carefully.
In order to work more efficiently and more safely,
please read this operation manual carefully before
operating. Also keep the book in the pocket of the seat
back!
Notes before Operating

.
8
●Do not make any alterations to the machine yourself
Please do not make any modifications to the
machine without the permission of Ranko. Ranko is not
responsible for any accidents.
●
In case of Emergency
Please ensure the fire extinguisher and first-aid can
be easily located in case of any fire or accident.
●Confirm the safety of the construction site.
Please be aware of the terrain and nearby geological
properties in order to avoid dropping or tipping of the
machine.
●Inspection before operation.
Check over the machine before starting. If any
problems are found, repair them immediately. Keep the
front window, working lights and the mirror clean at all
times.
●Please lock the operating rod before leaving.
Please set the safety lock rod at the locked position
when you leave the operator’s seat. If the operation rod is
not in the locked position and the machine may be
accidentally moved and this may lead to danger. To
prevent this from happening, please keep the bucket
down on the ground, lock the operation rod, turn off the
engine, and safely store all keys before leaving.

.
9
●Pay attention to the points and marks.
Put the mark point at the ground. If necessary, the
driver should pay attention to the marks and comply with
the flag director. All the workers should understand the
meaning of all the marks and the signals. Also, all the
marks and signals should be operated by just one person.
●No fireworks near the machine.
Engine oil, antifreeze, and especially the
diesel are highly flammable materials.
Be sure to keep fireworks far away from the machine.
Please turn off the engine when filling fuel or oil.
Please tightly screw down lids of diesel and engine
oil to keep the oil in the storage period.
●Considerations around loud noises.
Working in a high volume, noisy environment for a
long period of time may cause deafness. So, please wear
ear protection while working.
●Use Railing and Steps.
Please use hand railing and steps when you get
up and down from the machine. Also, check for
cleanliness of the railings, pedals and it's parts. If
necessary, please clean any oily material such as the
lubricating liquid to avoid any slips or accidents.

.
10
●Do not open and check under lids when at high temperature
The temperature of the cooling water of engine,
engine oil and hydraulic oil will become hot over time.
Please wait to open and check under the lid
once the temperature is lower to avoid scalding.
●Select suitable parts.
Read the manual carefully before selecting
and assembling parts. Please use the recommended or
appointed parts by Ranko. If not, it may cause accidents
and shorten useful time and performance. Ranko is not
responsible for injuries, accidents, and machinery
breakdown caused by incorrect use of parts.
●Avoid Fire
Clear all flammable materials, such as wood chips,
dry leaves, waste paper, etc. These materials can be a
fire hazard!
Check diesel, engine oil, and hydraulic fluid system
for leaks. It is very important to repair any leaks and clean
up any spilled oil.

.
11
●Starting up the engine properly
Please press the horn to warn the people around you
before starting the engine while in the operator seat.
Do not start the engine by the method of short
circuit or battery. Because it may cause serious accidents
or the damage to the circuit system.
●Keep any person away from the machine.
The operator should be aware of surroundings and
ensure no person is climbing on the machine, because it
may lead to serious injures.
●The warning signal before engine starting.
Please confirm no person in the working area before
starting the engine and then press the horn to warn other
people. If there is warning hanger on the joystick, please
don’t start the engine.
●Please confirm the directions of the upside of the
machine before operating the travel joystick. (Pedal)
A. Please confirm the position of travel motor before
traveling.
B.Please notice that, if the travel motor in the front, please
forward the travel joystick, then the machine is back.
C.Please press the horn or other signal to warn other
people around you.
Operating Notes

.
12
●Please comply with the instructions of rotation or traveling.
Please prevent other person touching the rotation area and
please confirm there is no other person in the working
area before starting. Please press the horn to warn
others! If it is dangerous or bad visibility, please find
another person to guide the directions.
●Be careful when working at a slope.
Please work cautiously and be aware of the risk of
overturn, because it is very dangerous to be working on a
slope. In order to improve stability, keep the bucket down
close to the ground (about 12-16inches).
Do not turn the body of the machine in the direction
horizontal with the slope when traveling. Please refrain from
doing so until you are safely back to the flat ground.
●Important notes when working on ice and snow
covered ground.
Travel at a reduced speed, and don’t start, stop or
rotate quickly. The machine will slide easily.
It is also to use caution when driving in
snow. You may not be able to determine the
depth and the condition of the earth underneath.
Therefore, please pay much attention to operation.
Pay

.
13
●Please comply with the following traveling notes.
Please keep the arm position as shown in the right picture at
a 90-100° angle.
The distance is 12-16inches between the bucket and ground.
Please do not make sharp turns while moving at a higher
speed when traveling on uneven ground. Please keep the bucket
close to the ground, move slowly, and avoid any sharp turns.
●Notes of operation in dangerous areas
The machine may lose balance if on the shoulder of the road or
the edge of a cliff.
In order to draw back quickly during an emergency situation,
please put the travel motor on the rear side.
Because the shoulder of the road may collapse, please
ensure the machine is safely balanced on level ground and
not too close to the shoulder.
●Load Hanger Notes
Since the machine is an excavator, not a crane, please pay attention to the load hanger.
Warning
H
Be sure to hang goods by
lifting chain, not the bucket
teeth as shown in the picture
to the right.
12-16in

.
14
●Notes of operation on a slope
Please pay special attention to the operation on
a slope because of its lack of balance. You must travel
vertically, not horizontally.
Please do not swing the arm when the bucket
is full of material. If you must do that, make sure
you are on a flat, sturdy, working platform.
●Notes of operation under the electric wiring above.
It may cause serious injuries if the machine or the arm
touch the wire.
Please keep enough distance from the machine to the
wires above while working.
The minimum distance standards are as follows:
Voltage(V)
Target Standard
Distance
Under100·200
Above 6.5ft
Under 6.600
Above 6.5ft
Under 22.000
Above 10ft
Under 66.000
Above 13ft
Under154.000
Above 16ft
Under275.000
Above 22ft
Under500.000
Above 36ft

.
15
●Notes if there are underground pipelines near excavating area.
It is important to evaluate the area and consult with the
relevant departments to confirm the exact position of water or
gas lines in the area before beginning to excavate.
● Notes for Parking.
Always park on flat ground. If you have to park at a
slope, make sure the bucket is pointed down to the
ground and put the obstacle back the track.
Try to avoid holding up traffic if you must park on the
road. Also put warning marks such as flags or lights to warn
people of the parked machine.
●Please operate the machine carefully at different working locations.
The machine operation is highly limited by different
working places such as tunnels, under bridges, under wires,
etc. Please avoid running into anything with the machine.
●Please keep the working equipment steady.
After unloading the any equipment, be sure to set it down to the ground steady
to avoid falling or tipping. This could lead to possible injury.

.
16
●Warning board of checking and maintenance.
It is dangerous to start the engine or moves the
operation joystick while someone is checking or repairing
the machine. Please post a warning signal (ex.“No
operation”) at the operation joystick. Also put warning
signal near the machine if necessary. Make sure these
are visible.
●Select suitable tools
It is important to select suitable tools when you
maintain or repair machine. If a tool is damaged or broken, do
not use.
●Keep the machine clean
It is important to keep the machine clean of any excess
grease or oil. If not, it can cause accident or fire at times.
It may also cause unusual operation because of
infiltration water of the electrical system. Prohibit cleaning
sensors, adapters, and the operator’s seat with water.
●Please turn off the engine when checking or repairing.
Hands or clothes may get caught by the running engine. It
is important to turn off the engine before checking and
repairing the machine.
Notes of Checking and maintenance

.
17
●Notes when changing the oil and filling diesel
Please only change oil in a dry place. Any spilled oil will
make the floor slippery and lead to an accident. Be sure
to clean up any spilled oil. Also be sure to tightly screw down
the lids of the diesel and engine oil after changing oil.
●Use a bracket when jacking-up the machine.
It may cause an accident if you jack-up the machine without using a bracket.
If you want to check the bottom of the machine, please keep
90-100° angle between the arm and the boom when
jacking-up the machine. Use the bucket pressing down on the
ground to help raise up the machine, and then use the
safety bracket to jack-up the machine.
●Be cautious of high oil pressure
When the machine is in normal condition, there is pressure
in every hydraulic oil pipe. Do not change the oil or begin to
repair the machine before releasing the inner oil pressure.
Even a small-bore leaking of hydraulic oil may injure your
skin or eyes. Therefore, please protective eye wear and
gloves. Check the leaking area by spanner or thick paper.

.
18
●Notes for performing repairs when at high temperature or pressure
The engine coolant and engine oil come to a high
temperature when the machine has been running for a while.
Use caution when opening any lids or changing
engine oil, water, or filter element. It may scald you.
Please wait to check and maintain the machine after the
temperature has dropped to a safe temperature.
●Please pay attention to the hydraulic grease when you
adjust the tightness of the crawler shoes.
There is high pressure in the grease oil cylinders. The grease
may spray out if the grease fitting is suddenly loosened.
Please don’t loosen the grease fitting suddenly. Keep
face, hands, and feet away from the facing place.
●Use special working lights
Please select explosion-proof lights when you check the
diesel oil, engine oil, cooing water or battery. This is a safety
precaution to avoid any explosions.
●Notes of electrical system repairs
Please dismantle the cathode wire of the battery before you
repair the electrical system or welding. if not, it may damage
the electrical system.
●The suitable steps of waste fluid disposal
Please comply with the relevant rules and regulations when you
dispose of the waste engine oil, diesel oil, coolant water,

.
19
hydraulic oil, solvent, filter element, battery or other toxic
substance. Please use a container when you drain the
waste fluid. Please don’t abandon the waste fluid on the
ground, or in a river or lake. That will cause
environment pollution.
●Avoid burn from the battery fluid.
You should wear long sleeve, protective goggles, and
gloves.
If battery fluid touches the clothes, skin or eyes, it may
cause burning or blindness. So, please wash your eyes
immediately and go see a doctor.
●Avoid battery explosion
Battery may produce explosive hydrogen, so please keep
away from any flames. Screw down the joint terminal of the
battery securely.
Please keep it in a ventilated place when you open the lid
for charging.
●Note-When you start the engine by auxiliary line.
Please wear protective goggles when you start
the engine by auxiliary line.
Notes of using battery
Table of contents