REMKO EMT 100 User manual

Assembly and operating instructions
2011-01-001, 1, en_GB
Read the instructions prior to performing any
task!
Assembly and operating instructions
REMKO EMF / EMT 100
Inverter heat pumps

Installation and operating instructions (translation of the orig-
inal)
Read these operating instructions carefully before commis-
sioning / using this device!
These instructions are an integral part of the system and must
always be kept near or on the device.
Subject to modifications; No liability accepted for errors or mis-
prints!

Table of contents
1 Safety and user notes........................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 General safety notes....................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Identification of notes...................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Personnel qualifications.................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Dangers of failure to observe the safety notes................................................................................ 5
1.5 Safety-conscious working............................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Safety notes for the operator........................................................................................................... 6
1.7 Safety notes for installation, maintenance and inspection.............................................................. 6
1.8 Unauthorised modification and replacement part manufacture....................................................... 6
1.9 Intended use................................................................................................................................... 6
1.10 Warranty........................................................................................................................................ 7
2 Technical data....................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Units data........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2 Unit dimenions outdoor module...................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Unit dimensions indoor module..................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Heat pump service limits in monovalent mode ............................................................................. 12
2.5 Pump-characteristic curves, indoor module charging pump......................................................... 12
2.6 Sound pressure level.................................................................................................................... 13
2.7 Overall sound pressure levels for outdoor module EMF/EMT 100............................................... 14
2.8 Characteristic curves..................................................................................................................... 15
3 Structure and Function....................................................................................................................... 18
3.1 The heat pump in general............................................................................................................. 18
3.2 EMF Series................................................................................................................................... 24
3.3 EMT Series................................................................................................................................... 24
4 Installation instructions...................................................................................................................... 25
4.1 General mountig instructions........................................................................................................ 25
4.2 Installation, mounting indoor module............................................................................................ 27
4.3 Installation, mounting outdoor module.......................................................................................... 28
5 Hydraulic connection.......................................................................................................................... 31
6Corrosion protection.......................................................................................................................... 33
7 Connection of refrigerant lines.......................................................................................................... 34
7.1 Connection of refrigerant lines...................................................................................................... 34
7.2 Commissioning the refrigeration system....................................................................................... 35
8 Electrical connection.......................................................................................................................... 38
8.1 Electrical connection..................................................................................................................... 38
8.2 Structure electrical connection...................................................................................................... 41
8.3 Terminal block / legend................................................................................................................. 42
8.4 Connection diagram, terminal configuration.................................................................................. 44
8.5 Circuit diagrams............................................................................................................................ 45
8.6 Auxiliary relays and contactor function.......................................................................................... 53
9 Commissioning................................................................................................................................... 54
9.1 Control panel................................................................................................................................. 54
9.2 Notes for commissioning .............................................................................................................. 55
9.3 Heat pump manager Multi-Talent Plus (heat flow meters)............................................................ 56
3

10 Care and maintenance........................................................................................................................ 58
11 Troubleshooting and customer service............................................................................................ 59
12 Exploded view and spare parts......................................................................................................... 62
12.1 Exploded view and spare parts list outdoor module.................................................................... 62
12.2 Exploded view and spare parts list indoor module...................................................................... 64
13 Temporary shut-down........................................................................................................................ 69
14 Transport and packaging................................................................................................................... 69
15 Environmental protection and recycling.......................................................................................... 69
16 EC- Declaration of Conformity........................................................................................................... 70
17 General terms...................................................................................................................................... 71
18 Index..................................................................................................................................................... 74
REMKO EMF / EMT
4

1 Safety and user notes
1.1 General safety notes
Carefully read the operating manual before com-
missioning the units for the first time. It contains
useful tips and notes such as hazard warnings to
prevent personal injury and material damage.
Failure to follow the directions in this manual not
only presents a danger to people, the environment
and the system itself, but will void any claims for
liability.
Keep this operating manual and the refrigerant
data sheet near to the units.
1.2 Identification of notes
This section provides an overview of all important
safety aspects for proper protection of people and
safe and fault-free operation.The instructions and
safety notes contained within this manual must be
observed in order to prevent accidents, personal
injury and material damage.
Notes attached directly to the units must be
observed in their entirety and be kept in a fully
legible condition.
Safety notes in this manual are indicated by sym-
bols. Safety notes are introduced with signal words
which help to highlight the magnitude of the danger
in question.
DANGER!
Contact with live parts poses an immediate
danger of death due to electric shock. Damage
to the insulation or individual components may
pose a danger of death.
DANGER!
This combination of symbol and signal word
warns of a situation in which there is immediate
danger, which if not avoided may be fatal or
cause serious injury.
WARNING!
This combination of symbol and signal word
warns of a potentially hazardous situation,
which if not avoided may be fatal or cause
serious injury.
CAUTION!
This combination of symbol and signal word
warns of a potentially hazardous situation,
which if not avoided may cause slight or minor
injury.
NOTICE!
This combination of symbol and signal word
warns of a potentially hazardous situation,
which if not avoided may cause material and
environmental damage.
This symbol highlights useful tips and recom-
mendations as well as information for efficient
and fault-free operation.
1.3 Personnel qualifications
Personnel responsible for operation, maintenance,
inspection and installation must be able to demon-
strate that they hold a qualification which proves
their ability to undertake the work.
DANGER!
Inadequate qualifications may pose a danger
of death! Improper handling may cause serious
personal injury and material damage.
Therefore:
- Installation, commissioning and maintenance,
repairs must be carried out by a professional
certified personnel.
- In case of doubt, consult a qualified profes-
sional.
1.4 Dangers of failure to observe
the safety notes
Failure to observe the safety notes may pose a risk
to people, the environment and the units. Failure to
observe the safety notes may void any claims for
damages.
In particular, failure to observe the safety notes
may pose the following risks:
5

nThe failure of important unit functions.
nThe failure of prescribed methods of mainte-
nance and repair.
nDanger to people on account of electrical and
mechanical effects.
1.5 Safety-conscious working
The safety notes contained in this installation and
operating manual, the existing national regulations
concerning accident prevention as well as any
internal company working, operating and safety
regulations must be observed.
1.6 Safety notes for the operator
The operational safety of the units and compo-
nents is only assured providing they are used as
intended and in a fully assembled state.
nThe units and components may only be set up,
installed and maintained by qualified per-
sonnel.
nProtective covers (grille) over moving parts
must not be removed from units that are in
operation.
nDo not operate units or components with
obvious defects or signs of damage.
nContact with certain unit parts or components
may lead to burns or injury.
nThe power supply should be adapted to the
requirements of the units.
nTripped circuit breakers may only be replaced
by those of identical construction.
nIn the event of defects that endanger the
operational safety of the units, operation must
be discontinued.
nThe units and components must not be
exposed to any mechanical load, extreme
levels of humidity or direct exposure to sun-
light.
nRegulations such as the regional building regu-
lations and the Water Ecology Act must be
observed.
nIn the event that refrigerant has leaked from
the indoor unit, the room must be properly ven-
tilated before the unit is re-started. Otherwise
there is danger of suffocation.
nAll housing parts and device openings, e.g. air
inlets and outlets, must be free from foreign
objects, fluids or gases.
nThe units must be inspected by a service tech-
nician at least once annually. Visual inspec-
tions and cleaning may be performed by the
operator when the units are disconnected from
the mains.
1.7 Safety notes for installation,
maintenance and inspection
The operator must ensure that all installation,
maintenance and inspection work is carried out by
authorised and qualified personnel who have thor-
oughly read the installation and operating manual.
The procedure for shutting down the units as
described in the installation and operating manual
must be followed in its entirety.
All safety and protection devices must be re-
attached and restored to working order immedi-
ately upon completion of the work.
nAppropriate hazard prevention measures must
be taken to prevent risks to people when per-
forming installation, repair, maintenance or
cleaning work on the units.
nThe setup, connection and operation of the
units and its components must be undertaken
in accordance with the usage and operating
conditions stipulated in this manual and comply
with all applicable regional regulations.
nUnits may only be mounted at the points pro-
vided for this purpose at the factory. The units
may only be secured or mounted on stable
structures, walls or floors.
nMobile units must be set up securely on suit-
able surfaces and in an upright position. Sta-
tionary units must be permanently installed for
operation.
nThe units and components should not be oper-
ated in areas where there is a heightened risk
of damage. Observe the minimum clearances.
nThe units and components must be kept at an
adequate distance from flammable, explosive,
combustible, abrasive and dirty areas or
atmospheres.
1.8 Unauthorised modification
and replacement part manu-
facture
Modifications or changes to units and components
are not permitted and may cause malfunctions.
Safety devices may not be modified or bypassed.
Original replacement parts and accessories
authorised by the manufactured ensure safety. The
use of other parts may invalidate liability for
resulting consequences.
1.9 Intended use
Depending on the model, the equipment and the
additional fittings with which it is equipped is only
intended to be used as an air-conditioner for the
purpose of cooling or heating the air in an
enclosed room.
REMKO EMF / EMT
6

Any different or additional use shall be classed as
non-intended use. The manufacturer/supplier
assumes no liability for damages arising from such
use. The user bears the sole risk in such cases.
Intended use also includes working in accordance
with the operating and installation instructions and
complying with the maintenance requirements.
Under no circumstances should the threshold
values specified in the technical data be exceeded.
1.10 Warranty
For warranty claims to be considered, it is essential
that the ordering party or its representative com-
plete and return the "certificate of warranty" to
REMKO GmbH & Co. KG at the time when the
units are purchased and commissioned.
The warranty conditions are detailed in the "Gen-
eral business and delivery conditions". Further-
more, only the parties to a contract can conclude
special agreements beyond these conditions. In
this case, contact your contractual partner in the
first instance.
7

2 Technical data
2.1 Units data
Series EMF 100 EMT 100
Function Heating or Cooling
System Split-Air/Water
Heat pump manager Multitalent or Multitalent Plus
Storage tank for hydraulic decoupling of volumetric flows optional Series 160 l
Electric booster heating / rated output kW optional Series / 9,0
Water heating optional Series
Heating output min / max kW 1,1 - 10,2
Heating output / compressor frequency / COP 1) for A10/
W35
kW/Hz/COP 8,7 / 58 / 4,9
Heating output / compressor frequency / COP 1) for A7/
W35
kW/Hz/COP 8,1 / 58 / 4,4
Heating output / compressor frequency / COP 1) for A2/
W35
kW/Hz/COP 4,7 / 58 / 3,0
Heating output / compressor frequency / COP 4) for A2/
W35
kW/Hz/COP 6,3 / 73 / 2,5
Heating output / compressor frequency / COP 1) for A-7/
W35
kW/ Hz/COP 4,5 / 58 / 2,7
Cooling output min. / max. kW 1,6 - 9,1
Cooling output / compressor frequency / EER 2) for A35/
W7
kW/Hz/COP 6,2 / 3,5 / 74
Cooling output / compressor frequency / EER 2) for A27/
W7
kW/Hz/COP 6,4 / 3,9 / 74
Service limits, heating °C -18 bis +45
Service limits, cooling °C +15 bis +45
Supply-temperature, heating water °C up to +50
Min. Supply-temperature, cooling °C up to +7
Refrigerant / pre-charge quantity outdoor unit -- / kg R 410A2)/ 1,9
Refrigerant / pre-charge quantity for up to 10 m length of
ordinary pipe
g / m 30
Refrigerant connection Inches ¼ / ⅝
Max. permissible single refrigerant pipe length. m 50
Max. permissible single refrigerant pipe height. m 30
Power supply V / Hz 230/1~ / 50
Starting current A 12,5
Rated current consumption for A7/W35 A 13
Rated power consumption for A7/W35 kW 1,84
REMKO EMF / EMT
8

Series EMF 100 EMT 100
Power factor by A7/W35 (cosφ) -- 0,98
Fuse protection (outdoor unit) A slow-acting 20
Rated water flow (according to EN 14511, at ∆t 5 K) m³/h 1,42
Pressure-loss at the condenser at rated flow kPa 5,4
Airflow volume outdoor module m³/h 2760
Max. operating pressure, water bar 3,0
Hydraulic connection, supply / return Inches 1“ AG
Sound-pressure level, LpA 1m (outdoor unit)3) dB(A) 54/40
Sound-power level in accordance with DIN EN
12102:2008-09 and ISO 9614-2
dB(A) 64,1
Dimensions, indoor unit (height/width/depth) mm 800/550/545 1760/550/670
Dimensions, outdoor unit (height/width/depth) mm 800 / 880 / 312
Enclosure class outdoor unit -- IP 24
Weight indoor module kg 47 135
Weight outdoor module kg 57
1) COP = coefficient of performance or performance number according to EN 14511
2) Contains greenhouse gas according to Kyoto protocol
3) Clear-field distance: 5m
4) COP = coefficient of performance number according to EN 14511, during alternative compressor fre-
quency of the inverter
2.2 Unit dimenions outdoor module
61050 12
880 52.9
364
17.6
395
796.5
Fig. 1: Dimenions outdoor module EMF/ EMT 100
9

2.3 Unit dimensions indoor module
Unit dimensions indoor module EMF 100
160
220
255
140
180
Fig. 2: dimensions indoor module series EMF
2
1
4
3
5
6
7
8
Fig. 3: Pipe-socket arrangement
1 Refrigerant pipe, 3/8"
2 Refrigerant pipe, 5/8”
3 Hot-water return, 1” AG
4 Hot-water inlet, 1” AG
5 Sockets for safety assembly
6 Condensate-drain socket AD=22
7 Opening for installing the E-heater controller
8 Fill- and drain valve
50
220
235
155
85
255
200
260
185
150
Fig. 4: Pipe-outlet spacing
REMKO EMF / EMT
10

Unit dimensions indoor module EMT 100
550 605
910 550
935
1670
795
180
60
670
60
100
235
155
80
260
2
1
4
3
5
6
2
3
1
Fig. 5: dimensions indoor module EMT 100 (Tilt height: 1,900 mm)
1 Supply, warm water
2 Supply, heating
3 Return
4 Refrigerant pipes
5 Sockets for safety condensate drain
6 Overall dimensions: max. 1760
11

2.4 Heat pump service limits in monovalent mode
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
40,0
45,0
50,0
55,0
60,0
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Source temperature [°C]
Inlet temperature [°C]
Fig. 6: Service limits and test points EMF / EMT 100
Note: The left temperature value in the diagram refers to the Supply-temperature heating water and the
lower refers the outdoor air temperature.
2.5 Pump-characteristic curves,
indoor module charging
pump
ALPHA2 25-40 (A)(N)
ALPHA2 32-40
Fig. 7: Pump-characteristic curves, idoor module
EMF / EMT 100
Level Output [W] Current [A] Motor protection
min. 5 0,05 Rotor current-proof
max. 22 0,19 Rotor current-proof
REMKO EMF / EMT
12

2.6 Sound pressure level
1m1m 5m 10m 1m 5m 10m
Fig. 8: Distance-dependent sound pressure level for the outdoor unit in relation to installation type, in accord-
ance with the drawing
Distance-dependent sound pressure level
Heat pump out-
door unit
Sound power
level according
to ISO 9614-2
Installation type,
in accordance
with the drawing
1m 5m 10m 15m
EMF / EMT 100 62,4 dB(A) In free field 54,4 dB(A) 40,4 dB(A) 34,4 dB(A) 30,9 dB(A)
In front of a wall 57,4 dB(A) 43,4 dB(A) 37,4 dB(A) 33,9 dB(A)
13

2.7 Overall sound pressure levels for outdoor module EMF/EMT 100
Excluded range WP143 overall device
Output A-bew
Cursor: (A) Power=62,4 dB
Fig. 9: Overall sound pressure level LP
Middle frequency [Hz] 25 31,50 40 50 63 80 100 125 160
LI [dBA] (18,4) (25,7) (24,0) (27,4) (26,5) (21,0) 29,0 39,7 33,9
LWo [dBA] (27,2) (34,5) (32,7) (36,2) (35,3) (29,8) 37,8 48,5 42,7
FPI [dB] -(5,6) (3,8) -(2,1) -(5,9) (1,4) (5,7) 5,4 4,3 4,3
Middle frequency [Hz] 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250
LI [dBA] 34,4 43,3 51,0 39,4 40,1 41,3 42,3 39,0 36,7
LWo [dBA] 43,2 52,1 59,8 48,2 48,8 50,0 51,1 47,8 45,5
FPI [dB] 6,1 5,6 4,6 5,1 4,8 3,9 4,1 5,0 5,3
Middle frequency [Hz] 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 6300 8000 10000
LI [dBA] 35,5 32,9 31,6 29,5 25,1 21,1 16,7 (16,1) (14,7)
LWo [dBA] 44,3 41,6 40,4 38,3 33,9 29,9 25,5 (24,9) (23,4)
FPI [dB] 5,5 6,0 5,8 6,0 7,0 8,6 11,2 (9,9) (9,9)
Determination of sound power conforms to accuracy class 2, the standard deviation of the o. a. A-valued
sound-power levels amounts to 1.5 dB.
LWo: Sound power level radiated by the outdoor
unit
FPI: Correction value with regard to the environ-
ment
LI: Sound intensity
REMKO EMF / EMT
14

2.8 Characteristic curves
Heat output at an inlet temperature of 35 °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Outdoor temperature [°C]
Heating output [kW]
n-min
n-max
Rated frequency 58Hz
Fig. 10: Heat output EMF/ EMT 100 at an inlet temperature of 35 °C
COP at an inlet temperature of 35 °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Outdoor temperature [°C]
COP [-]
Rated frequency 58 Hz
Fig. 11: COP EMF/EMT 100 at an inlet temperature of 35 °C
15

Heat output at an inlet temperature of 45 °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Outdoortemperature[°C]
Heating output [kW]
n-min
n-max
Rated frequency 58Hz
Fig. 12: Heat output EMF/ EMT 100 at an inlet temperature of 45 °C
COP at an inlet temperature of 45 °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Outdoor temperature [°C]
COP [-]
Fig. 13: COP EMF/EMT 100 at an inlet temperature of 45 °C
REMKO EMF / EMT
16

Heat output at an inlet temperature 55 °C
n-max.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Outdoor temperature [°C]
Heating output [kW]
n-min.
Fig. 14: Heat output EMF/ EMT 100 at an inlet temperature of 55 °C
COP at an inlet temperature of 55 °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Outdoor temperature [°C]
COP [-]
Fig. 15: COP EMF/EMT 100 at an inlet temperature of 55 °C
17

3 Structure and Function
3.1 The heat pump in general
Arguments for Remko
nLow heating costs in comparison to oil and gas
nHeat pumps represent a contribution to envi-
ronmental protection
nLower CO2 emissions in comparison to oil and
gas heating
nAll models are able to cool as well as heat
nLow noise-level of the outdoor unit
nFlexible installation due to split system design
nNegligible maintenance costs
75%* of the heat
comes from the air,
free of charge
75%
freesolar energy
from the air
*
25%
electrical drive energy
*
Heating
Fig. 16: Free heat
* The relationship can vary depending on outdoor temperature and operating conditions.
Economical and environmentally-conscious
heating
The burning of fossil-based energy sources in
order to generate power creates severe conse-
quences for the environment. A high percentage of
fossil fuels is also problematic due to the limited
resources of oil and gas and the price increases
resulting from this. For this reason, many people
today are thinking both economically and environ-
mentally-consciously in terms of heating. The
application of heat pump technology enables both
of these concepts to be combined. It makes use of
the energy which is permanently available in the
air, water and soil and converts it into usable
heating energy by means of inputting electrical
energy. Yet in order to generate heat equivalent to
4kWh, only 1kWh of electricity is required. The rest
is made available free-of-charge by the environ-
ment.
Heat source
There are essentially three heat sources that heat
pumps can derive energy from. air, soil and
groundwater. Air heat pumps have the advantage
that air as a source heat is available everywhere in
unlimited quantities that can be used free of
charge. A disadvantage is that the outside air is at
its coldest when the heat requirement is greatest.
Brine heat pumps extract energy from the soil. This
is undertaken in serpentine pipe networks which
are laid approx. 1m deep or placed by means of
drilling. The disadvantage is the large space
requirements for the serpentine pipe networks or
the high cost of drilling. A long-term cooling of
the soil is also a possibility.
Water heat pumps require two wells in order to
obtain heat from the groundwater, one supply well
and one dry well. The development of this source
is not possible everywhere, it is expensive and
requires planning permission.
REMKO EMF / EMT
18

Function of the heat pump
A heat pump is a device which makes use of a
working medium to absorb ambient heat under low
temperatures and transports this heat to a place
where it can be of use for heating purposes. Heat
pumps work according to the same principles as a
refrigerator. The difference is that heat, the by-
product of the refrigerator, is the goal of the heat
pump.
The main components of the cooling circuit consist
of an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and
an expansion valve. In a finned evaporator,
the refrigerant evaporates both because of lower
pressure and because of lower heat-source tem-
peratures through absorption of energy from the
environment. In the compressor, the refrigerant is
brought to a higher pressure and temperature by
the application of electrical energy. Next, the hot
refrigerant gas reaches the condenser, a plate
heat-exchanger. Here the hot gas condenses,
transferring heat to the heating system. The lique-
fied refrigerant then expands and cools in a flow
regulator, the expansion valve. Then the refrig-
erant flows into the evaporator once more and the
cycle is complete.
For control, a heat-pump manager is included
which ensures the independent operation of all
safety devices. The water-circulation system of the
Series EMF consists of a charging pump, plate
heat-exchangers, dirt traps, a manometer, fill- and
drain valves, an automatic air-bleeder and flow
monitor.
The EMT series has, in addition, a 3-way switching
valve and a buffer storage.
Wall- and floor consoles, condensate pans, con-
densate-pan heating, a 3-way switching valve, a
bypass valve and other sensors are available as
accessories.
Heating pump outdoor unit
Evaporation
Outdoor area Indoor area
Liquefying
Heating pump indoor unit
Decompression
Condensing
Fig. 17: Functional diagram heating inverter heat pump
19

Heat pump modes
Heat pumps can work in various operating modes.
Monovalent
The heat pump the only source of heat for a
building all year round. This mode is particularly
suitable for heating plants with low supply-water
temperatures and is primarily used in combination
with brine/water and water/water heat pumps.
Single energy source
The heat pump has an E-heater to handle peak
loads. The heat pump covers the majority of the
required heating power. Occasionally, when it is
extremely cold outside, an electrical booster-
heating system switches on as required in order to
support the heat pump.
Bivalent parallel
The heat pump provides the entire heating energy
down to a predetermined outdoor temperature. If
the temperature drops below this value, a second
heat source switches on to support the heat pump.
There is a distinction to be made here between
alternative operation with oil- or gas heat and
regenerative operations with solar energy or
wood-fired heating. This mode is possible for all
heating systems.
Layout
A precise calculation of the building's heating load
according to EN 12831 is required for the design
and dimensioning of a heating system. However,
approximate requirements can be determined
based on the year of construction and the type of
building. The table
Ä on page 21 shows the
approximate specific heating loads for a number of
building types. The required heating system output
can be calculated by multiplying the area to be
heated with the given values
For a precise calculation, various factors must be
considered. The transmission-heat requirement,
the infiltration heat-loss and an allowance for water
heating comprise the total heating output which the
heating system must provide.
The total area of the floor surfaces, exterior wall
windows, doors and roofing is required in order to
determine the transmission heat requirement. In
addition, information about the materials used in
the building is required, as these lead to extremely
varied thermal transmission coefficients (the so
called K value). Also required are the room tem-
perature and the standard outdoor temperature,
that is, the lowest outdoor-temperature on average
that will occur during the year. The equation for
calculating the transmission-heat requirement is
Q=A x U x (tR-tA) and must be calculated sepa-
rately for all room-enclosure surfaces.
The infiltration heat requirement takes into consid-
eration how often the heated room air is
exchanged for cold external air. The room volume
(V), the air exchange frequency (n) and the spe-
cific heat capacity (c) of the air is also required in
addition to the room temperature and average low
temperature. The equation is: Q=V x n x c (tR-tA).
An approximate allowance for heating water - per
person according to VDI 2067: 0.2 kW
A residential home comprised of 150 m² living-
space and a heat requirement of 35 W/m² has
been selected for the example design. A total of
five persons live in the house. The heat load
amount to 5.2 kW. Adding a drinking water allow-
ance of 0.2 kW results in a required heat output of
6.2 kW. Depending on the power company, an
additional charge must then be made in order to
factor in the service time-out period. The rating and
determination of the heat pump's balance-point
temperature derives graphically from the heat
pump's temperature-specification heat-output dia-
gram. (In the example, 35 °C for a floor heating-
system). Next, the heat load for the standard out-
door temperature (the lowest temperature of the
year locally) and the heat threshold are marked on
the graph. The outdoor-temperature-dependent
heating requirement, simplified here as a straight-
line relationship between heat-load and the start of
the heating season, is recorded in the graph of
heat-load curves. The intersection of the two
straight lines with the max. heat-load curve is
plotted on the X axis, where the balance-point tem-
perature is read. (in the example, ca.-9°C) The
least load of the 2nd heat source is the difference
between heat load and the heat pump's maximum
heat output on these days. (In the example, the
capacity necessary to cover peak loads is ca. 2.5
kW.)
REMKO EMF / EMT
20