Saluki TAM4000 User manual
TAM4000 Cable and Pipe Locator
User Manual
Saluki Technology Inc.
www.salukitec.com
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Preface
Thanks for choosing Saluki Technology Inc instrument. We devote ourselves to
meeting your demands, providing you high-quality measuring instrument and the best
after-sales service. We persist with “superior quality and considerate service”, and are
committed to offering satisfactory products and service for our clients.
Document No.
TAM4000-03-01
Version
Rev01 2019.07
Saluki Technology
Authorization
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. The
power to interpret the contents of and terms used in this document rests with Saluki.
Saluki Tech owns the copyright of this manual which should not be modified or
tampered by any organization or individual, or reproduced or transmitted for the
purpose of making profit without its prior permission, otherwise Saluki will reserve
the right to investigate and affix legal liability of infringement.
Product Quality Assurance
The warranty period of the product is 18 months from the date of delivery. The
instrument manufacturer will repair or replace damaged parts according to the actual
situation within the warranty period. The user should return the product to the
manufacturer and prepay mailing costs. The manufacturer will return the product and
such costs to the user after maintenance.
Contacts
Service Tel:
886.909 602 109
Website:
www.salukitec.com
Email:
Address:
No. 367 Fuxing N Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Content
1 Foreword..................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Overview........................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Key Features......................................................................................................5
1.3 Important Notices.............................................................................................. 5
2 Brief Introduction of the Transmitter.......................................................................... 7
2.1 Basic Structure...................................................................................................7
2.2 Transmitter instrument panel and function profile............................................ 7
2.2.1 Panel profile.............................................................................................7
2.2.2 Function introduction.............................................................................. 7
2.2.3 Interface description................................................................................ 8
2.3 How the transmitter works................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 The working principle............................................................................. 9
2.3.2 Signal output mode - transmitter working mode...................................10
2.3.3 Extension of inductive method detection - blind measurement............ 12
3 Brief Introduction of the Receiver.............................................................................16
3.1 Basic Structure.................................................................................................16
3.2 Receiver Panel and Function Profile............................................................... 16
3.2.1 Panel profile...........................................................................................16
3.2.2 Function introduction............................................................................ 17
3.2.3 Interface description.............................................................................. 18
3.2.4 Receiver characteristic...........................................................................19
3.2.5 Voice prompt..........................................................................................19
3.3 Receiver Working Mode..................................................................................20
3.3.1 The working principle........................................................................... 20
3.3.2 Signal receiving mode - receiver operating mode.................................20
4 Basic operation path detection...................................................................................22
4.1 Path detection.................................................................................................. 22
4.1.1 Direct connection method detection path.............................................. 22
4.1.2 Coupling legal detection path................................................................23
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4.1.3 Radiation-induced detection path (known to be buried at a certain point
and known at this point)................................................................................. 24
4.1.4 Extension of inductive method detection - blind measurement............ 25
4.2 Depth Measurement.........................................................................................28
4.2.1 Depth measurement with direct reading rule.........................................28
4.2.2 Depth measurement with 80% rule....................................................... 28
4.3 Identification of Basic Operating Cables........................................................ 29
5 Basic Operating Current Direction Function.............................................................31
Current Direction Function....................................................................................31
6 Common Problems.................................................................................................... 32
6.1 Daily Maintenance...........................................................................................32
6.2 Correct Charging............................................................................................. 32
6.3 Instrument Self-inspection...............................................................................32
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1 Foreword
1.1 Overview
Saluki TAM4000 cable and pipe locator is designed to provide the best locate
performance for damage prevention professionals working in all industries and
utilities. TAM4000 is expert in pinpointing the location of underground electrical
cables, optical cables and gas pipes. This locator can accomplish 4 functions including
path searching, depth measurement, cable identification and fault pinpointing in one
time operated by one operator. It solves the problems of path tracing and cable
identification of the live power cable which puzzle the power supply and consumption
department for many years. Furthermore, this locator can detect the exact path of the
fault cable and pinpoint the fault point of the short-circuit cable.
1.2 Key Features
Can quickly and effectively determine the underground cable, cable direction and
depth, and determine the skin failure.
Determine the direction of the cable (pipe) with signal strength indication, left
and right arrow indication, compass direction indication.
Current direction indication to prevent interference.
Depth of digital direct reading display cable (optical cable): 0-20 meters,
accuracy within 3 meters 5 and 8 meters accuracy 10%.
It has a special mode for fault detection, which can be used to detect the faults of
the outer skin and the damage of the cable.
Automatic sounding: when the instrument is correctly placed above the pipeline
vertical, the actual depth of the target pipeline is automatically displayed.
Signal recognition: accurate identification of cables and cables from three
dimensions: signal amplitude, signal direction and signal phase.
Current direction indication: has the unique technology, may display the tracking
signal current direction, the phase, effectively enhances the search path the
accuracy.
1.3 Important Notices
The operator should have the qualifications
The operator before use must pass through the underground pipeline detectors applied
professional training.
Safety requirements for site operation
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Strictly comply with company safety regulations and cable management.
Cannot do STH without authorization to transmitter connected to unknown conductor.
Before connecting wires and transmitter, shall confirm the ground pins are inserted
firmly in the ground.
After the transmitter boot, not to be exposed to grounding pin or any non insulating
clamp.
Cannot do STH without authorization to open the receiver or transmitter.
In presence of flammable, explosive environment, please use this equipment in strict
accordance with the operating manual.
Battery and charge
Transmitter and receiver are power supply using lithium rechargeable batteries, and is
equipped with a dedicated charger. When charging a charging battery for a receiver
and transmitter, a random charger must be used.
If rechargeable batteries use time short of expectations, please fully discharge
continuous charging again after 6 hours.
If use 12V car power charge, when parking should disconnect the charger.
If you want to replace the rechargeable battery, please contact with our company, the
company under the guidance of the relevant personnel change the battery.
Do not to remove the battery. Do not put the battery into the fire.
About waste battery treatment, must comply with local regulations, not throw old
batteries.
Please pay special attention to: batteries contain dangerous chemicals, easily affected
by water or heating, flammable and explosive under certain environmental conditions,
also may cause electric shock.
Precautions
This equipment using electromagnetic field signal to locate the cable underground
cables, and depth and the current reading is given, so as to realize cable detection
function. In most cases, the cable's electromagnetic field signal is sufficient for the
underground pipeline detector to correctly detect the exact location and depth of the
underground cable.
Please note: in some special occasions interference factors may lead to the distortion
of the target cable electromagnetic signals, which can lead to the detection data is
biased and even wrong.
Please follow in the process of detection in training to master the correct operation
method, analysis of receiver display of data.
Please pay attention to the depth of the underground pipeline detector to detect refers
to the depth of the electromagnetic field center, which is at the core of cable depth.
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2 Brief Introduction of the Transmitter
2.1 Basic Structure
2.2 Transmitter instrument panel and function profile
The transmitter is one of the core of this set of instruments. Its function is complete,
intelligent degree is high, operation is simple.
2.2.1 Panel profile
Note: see the figure above.
①on/off button ②output port ③display screen ④Frequency compound button
⑤Power adjustment compound button ⑥Menu compound button ⑦charging port
2.2.2 Function introduction
①Off/On Button: A self-locking switch；
Pressing the on/off button turns the transmitter on or off.
②Output Port: A multi-core dedicated socket which is used to change the output
mode. Plugging the connection lead into the output socket is the direct connection
mode. Plugging the clamp into the port is the clamp mode. No connection accessories
are plugged into the port is the induction mode.
③display screen: Display the required basic information.
④Frequency compound button: This button is the point dynamic soft switch;
The frequency of an output signal can be changed at one time; The startup is 577Hz.
In induction mode, the initial is 8KHz. In the frequency setting menu interface, press
this button to select or cancel the frequencies covered by the strip; When the
multi-frequency mode is set, press this button to choose to replace the output
frequency channel.
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⑤Power adjustment compound button: This button is the point dynamic soft
switch; The output power can be changed at one time, which can be switched from
low, middle, high and full. In the frequency setting menu interface, press this button to
scroll up and down the frequency menu; In the multi-frequency mode setting, press
this button to select the output frequency.
⑥Menu compound button: This button is the point dynamic soft switch; Press
this button to enter the frequency setting menu, resistance measurement mode,
multi-frequency mode setting.
⑦charging port: A charging socket with size of Φ2.1 is used to connect a special
charger to charge the battery.
2.2.3 Interface description
(1) Normal output interface:
Note: the illustration shows the direct connection mode as an example.
Frequency: displays the current output frequency.
Work rate: display current output power; It can display low, middle, high-grade
and full range respectively.
Mode: display current working mode; Direct connection, coupling and induction
can be shown separately.
Electric current: display current loop current value; The effective display is 0 -
999 ma.
Resistance: shows current loop impedance value; The effective display is 00001 -
20000 ohm.
Electric quantity: indicates the current battery power; The battery symbol
indicates that the total black is full power, and the left side is the current power
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percentage display.
Match hint: the icon appears to indicate that the transmitter has stabilized.
(2) Frequency setting menu interface:
①: set menu page number for frequency;
②: current operational frequency;
③The current frequency is not selected;
Indicates the current frequency is selected;
(3) Resistance measurement mode menu interface:
Function tests with ohmmeter test current external persistent resistance values.
(4) Multi-frequency mode menu interface:
You can output 3 different frequencies at the same time;
The current adjustable frequency box.
2.3 How the transmitter works
2.3.1 The working principle
This instrument is a high-tech product designed based on the reflection principle of
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electromagnetic wave in the transmission process and the principle of electromagnetic
induction, combined with digital filtering, wireless reception and software control.
Electromagnetic induction: its basic working principle is: electric and magnetic wave
generated by the transmitter and the transmission connection by different ways to
send signals to the underground cable, being detected underground cable after
induction to the electromagnetic wave, the underground cable surface induced current,
induced current will spread along the cable into the distance, in the process of current
transmission, and underground cables to the ground by the radiation of
electromagnetic wave, so that the local cable detector receiver detection on the ground,
in the underground cables are above ground receives electromagnetic wave signal,
through changes in the received signal strength can distinguish the position of the
underground cables and direction.
This principle to achieve conditions: first of all, let there be enough electricity source,
have formed in the power transmission line current, current in the process of flow and
a magnetic field around the line; Second, it is necessary to have a circuit capable of
receiving this particular magnetic field, showing the change of the magnetic field in
the form of electrical signals.
2.3.2 Signal output mode - transmitter working mode
The transmitter can output different communication signals and can be applied to the
target cable in three kinds (direct connection, coupling and induction). To ensure
reliable transmission of signals on the target cable, reliable circuits must be provided.
Indirect circuit, it can be made up of the earth can be formed by long enough cable
between the earth and the distributed capacitance of capacitive loop, also can be
composed of line fault point between direct circuits. Different circuits meet different
tests.
(1) Direct method
The transmitter's signal is directly connected directly to the target cable (power cut
cable). Straight line bonus, black line, the red line is connected to a certain line of
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cable, black line is the instrument work ground, should be independently reliable
grounding. To ensure that the signal is transmitted in a one-way and reliable way in
the circuit, it is required to disconnect the target cable at least.
At one end of the ground, the signal is sent back through the earth in an indirect or
capacitive loop, as shown in the figure.
Direct method using the direct transmission signal cable, transmission attenuation is
small, strong signal, transmission, is the best way to signal, suitable for any kind of
signal transmission, is the preferred method of the test.
(2) Coupling method
The transmitter's signal is applied to the target cable by coupling pliers, that is, the
coupling is legal. In order to ensure that the coupling signals can be transmitted
reliably in the circuit, the clamps must be closed completely, and the ends of the cable
must have contact points related to the ground, as shown in the figure.
The coupling of cable to signal intensity is directly related to the frequency of signal,
the frequency is low coupled with weak, and the frequency is highly coupled.
Sometimes it is also related to whether the line is running or not. In the same
frequency, the running cable is stronger than the signal being coupled to the
non-running cable. Therefore, the coupling method is especially suitable for the
charged path and the charged identification.
(3) Induction method
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1. Induction conditions
1) the two ends of the cable must be connected or connected to the ground.
2) the location of the transmitter requires that the sensing test line should be aligned
with the cable.
3) the buried depth shall not exceed 10 meters.
2. The induction signal is applied.
Press the power switch of the transmitter, the frequency is selected high frequency or
the rf power is selected high grade. When the LCD is shown in the right image, the
transmitter normally works.
The transmitter is placed above the known point of the cable and the sensing test line
is aligned with the cable at this point.
2.3.3 Extension of inductive method detection - blind measurement
(1) Blind test principle
Blind measurement is a test method for the detection of unknown metal pipeline and
various cables using the sensing mode of the instrument. It is to use the transmitter
built-in antenna in a certain direction to underground launch (also) into the air high
frequency or radio frequency electromagnetic signal, when electromagnetic signals
encountered underground metal pipelines, the signal will be metal pipeline
transmission, in the form of current transmission line on the secondary magnetic field
and radiation out at the same time, the receiver can be in the top of the line to receive
the secondary magnetic field signal, not only locate the pipeline position of a point,
connect the test to the pipeline location point is the pipeline location to both, this is
the principle of blind test.
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Using inductive ignorance of the instrument is a kind of effective method to the
detection of pipeline, but also by the scene environment, the laying of pipeline
material, the influence of the factor such as the embedding depth and restriction,
therefore, must be combined with the scene of surveying and mapping to an area
around and existing drawings, dependency on the user a variety of means such as
investigation and field observation.
(2) Blind test method:
1) pre-test preparation: before the blind test, the receiver should be placed within a
certain distance from the transmitter, generally between 5 and 10 meters, preferably
about 7 meters. One person holds the transmitter as close as possible to the ground (as
close to the ground as possible). Do not connect to any line, turn on the transmitter,
frequency select high frequency or rf (recommended radio frequency), power choose
high grade. The other person holds the receiver, the head points to the transmitter's
panel (front), and the two machines are about 7 meters apart. At this time, open the
receiver, frequency selection and transmitter, then the gain, the receiver as far as
possible from the transmitter radiation air out of the influence of the magnetic signal,
usually drop gain (about 50 db) causes receiver signal strength to display at around
$500, according to the signal strength base, the gain unchanged, keep the distance,
then blind test work. Note: the two machines are close to each other. The receiver gain
drop is very low, the detection depth is lost, and the blind area is reduced. The
distance between the two machines is far away, the receiver is far away from the
receiver, the receiver gain is reduced, and the test depth can be guaranteed, but the
secondary signal of the radiation is relatively weak, and the blind area increases.
A) blind test method 1: surface measurement
(1) Operation: on the basis of pre-test preparation, the two sides of the machine are
facing each other, parallel to each other, and can not move fast enough to move slowly,
so that the instrument has sufficient reaction time. The transmitter is active, the
receiver is passive, and the receiver's head is always pointed to the front of the
transmitter and the two machines are in a consistent state. When the signal intensity of
the receiver increases suddenly (the gain is constant, greater than the base before the
test). There is a metal pipeline between the transmitter and the receiver. At this point,
the receiver can be lifted up a bit, and the signal intensity will be reduced to the
ground to see the signal strength.
Whether it increases or not, if so, it is certain that there is a pipeline underneath. In
this way, it can be perpendicular to the direction of movement (the deviation Angle is
plus or minus.10 °) within a depth of 2.5 meters of all metal pipe are all measured, can
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use inductive method to measure the distance to the known point.
The path of the pipe is measured, and then another moving direction can be detected,
and the vertical line of the moving direction can be detected, so that the pipeline in
this operation surface can be found out.
(2) Advantages: fast test speed.
(3) Disadvantages: there is a blind spot on a test surface, which is due to parallel
movement, which cannot be divided into too fine angles, and there is a pipeline that
suddenly turns.
(4) Features: this method is the fastest, most effective and suitable for finding a line
with clear direction but not knowing the location.
B) blind test method 2: point measurement.
(1) Operation: on the basis of pre-test preparation, two machines face and maintain
distance. One machine (transmitter) is with the person on the measuring point axis
rotation (center), the other one (receiver) radius is about 7 meters distance two
machine synchronous rotation on the circumference of a circle (note: the two machine
must turn the face to face, namely receiver nose pointing to transmitter. Positive). Be
sure to slow down when rotating, so that the instrument has enough time to reflect.
When transferred to a certain position, the signal strength of the receiver increases
suddenly (the gain is constant, greater than the fixed base before the test), indicating
that there is a metal pipeline between this point and the center of the circle. At this
point, you can raise a bit of the receiver to see if the signal is weakened and then go
down to the ground to see if the signal is enhanced. If so, it is certain that there is a
pipeline underneath. With such a rotation, the pipe can be measured within 2.5 meters
of the measured point (R = 0.5 m). (suggestion: in the process of rotation, the
instrument on the circle is active, and the instrument on the center of the measuring
point is passive, and synchronous face to face rotation. Because the circumference of
the momentum is large, the center of the rotation is small, the human axis is rotating.
After the two known points of the pipeline are measured, the path of the pipeline can
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3 Brief Introduction of the Receiver
3.1 Basic Structure
3.2 Receiver Panel and Function Profile
A receiver is the integration of a system circuit that is capable of receiving a
particular magnetic field and can be converted into electrical signals indicating the
operator's system. Is the core of this set of instruments. Its function is complete,
intelligent degree is high, portable light, easy to operate. Optional external equipment
to expand its function.
3.2.1 Panel profile
Receiver panel diagram
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3.2.2 Function introduction
Frequency rate key: this key is the point dynamic soft switch; The frequency
of the receiving signal can be changed at one time, and the selection of multiple
frequency cycles is selected by the user. The default selection is 9 frequencies: 50Hz,
60Hz, LF, SSLOW, SSHIGH, 577Hz, 8KHz, 33KHz, 82KHz, 133KHz, and initial
577Hz.
Mode key: this key is the point dynamic soft switch; Each time a signal can be
changed, it is selected by narrow peak, width peak, trough, width peak arrow, crest
and trough.
Gain key: this key is a two point moving soft switch. The arrow upward
indicates that the gain can be increased, and the arrow down indicates that the gain
can be reduced. When the signal is less than 10.0, press to increase gain time, signal
strength can be adjust to 60.0 or so, when the signal is greater than 88.0, press reduce
gain time, signal strength can be adjust to 60.0 or so, when the signal strength
between 10.0 to 88.0, press an increase/decrease, a dB gain increase/decrease.
External mode switch key: in the external mode, press this key to switch fault
location mode and recognition mode.
Menu key: press this button to adjust the brightness of LCD backlight, which
can be divided into 5 files and can be adjusted by circulation.
Sound volume key: this key is the point action soft switch, each time can
change the sound of the buzzer, from the high loudness, medium loudness, low
loudness, the closure of the buzzer cycle selection. Turn on the buzzer to turn off the
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buzzer.
Open key: this switch is soft switch; The receiver is in the working state when
the power is turned on. The receiver is turned off when the power is disconnected
again.
3.2.3 Interface description
Receiver wide - peak arrow interface
Frequency: shows the current receiving frequency value; The startup is 577Hz.
Grating: the signal strength is expressed by grating length; The grating is moved
from both sides to the middle, and the grating is full of signals that are too strong
and too wide to be displayed.
Three Numbers: signal strength by digital size; The effective range is 00.0 - 99.9.
When 99.9 is displayed, the signal is too strong and the range is displayed.
Color compass: indicates the direction of the pipeline.
Depth & current: represents the depth of the underground pipeline and the current
on the line.
Gain: represents the amplification factor of the receiver's current processing
signal, dynamic range of 1000 - 140db; Default automatic adjustment. The startup
is 60db.
Mode: represents the way of receiving signal of the receiver, showing the
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narrow-peak, width peak, trough, width peak arrow, wave peak + trough and
external equipment; Start up the initial width peak. Automatic identification of
external equipment.
Electric quantity: indicates the current battery power; It is expressed as a battery
symbol.
Note: indicates the current working status of the buzzer, with the symbol of the
horn and the line, one line is the low loudness, the second line is the middle
loudness, the three lines are high loudness, and the buzzer is closed. Turn on the
buzzer to turn off the buzzer.
Left and right arrows: deviation from the cable will automatically appear to
indicate the position of the cable; Display two arrows above the cable.
Current direction: when using SS frequency, this function can display the
direction of signal current, and assist operators to search the path.
Phase indication: when using SS frequency, the receiver will display the phase of
the signal. Long press the frequency key to carry out phase reset.
3.2.4 Receiver characteristic
1) Cable positioning: select the wave peak method, and use parallel antenna
positioning to quickly track the target cable. When the cable is above the cable, the
signal is the largest and both sides are reduced. Select the wave trough method, and
use the vertical antenna positioning. When there is no adjacent cable and interference
source, the location is more accurate and reliable. When the receiver is above the
cable, the signal is the smallest and the signal is large on both sides.
2) Depth measurement: direct measurement depth in direct connection mode. The
receiver is placed above the line, and the compass direction is pointed to the front and
the machine is not moving, and the real-time sounding value is shown in the upper left
corner.
3.2.5 Voice prompt
One of the great features of this instrument is that it has sound cues, which can reduce
eye fatigue during long working hours and make the detection work easier and clearer.
The sound size of the receiver is proportional to the strength of the receiving signal.
Under the uniform gain, when the receiver emits a loud and fast signal, it indicates
that the received signal is strong, whereas the signal received is weak. When the
receiver is in the wave crest method, the sound is the largest and rapid on the top of
the cable, and the sound is small and sparse on both sides. When the receiver is in the
trough method, the sound at the top of the pipeline is the smallest and sparse, and the
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two sides are loud and compact.
3.3 Receiver Working Mode
3.3.1 The working principle
When the cable is applied, a current is present on the cable, and the current generates
a magnetic field that radiates around the cable. The frequency of the magnetic field is
consistent with the frequency of the signal being applied. The strong and weak is that
the center of the cable decreases to the outer radiation, and the direction is the tangent
direction of a point in the radial circle.
Receiver through internal antenna or external input devices, respectively radiate to
receive cable of the magnetic field signals or leakage of electric field, use two
different kinds of working mode processing, the changes in the strength of the signal
hint to the operator.
3.3.2 Signal receiving mode - receiver operating mode
(1) Crest method (narrow peak, broad peak, broad peak arrow, crest + trough)
Peak Mode
The receiver has the strongest signal at the top of a particular signal cable. In the same
plane, the signal detected by the mobile receiver on the same plane attenuates
immediately, so it is named as the wave peak method. In fact, it USES the horizontal
antenna in the receiver to detect the magnetic field signal.
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