Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories SEL-421-4 User manual

SEL-421 RelayInstruction Manual
*PM421-04-NB*
SEL-421-4, -5
Protection, Automation,
and Control System
Instruction Manual
20171021

SEL-421 Relay Instruction Manual Date Code 20171021
© 2016–2017 by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
All brand or product names appearing in this document are the trademark or registered trademark of their respective holders. No SEL trademarks
may be used without written permission. SEL products appearing in this document may be covered by U.S. and Foreign patents.
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. reserves all rights and benefits afforded under federal and international copyright and patent laws in its
products, including without limitation software, firmware, and documentation. Portions © 1982-2013, QNX Software Systems Limited under
license to SEL.
The information in this document is provided for informational use only and is subject to change without notice. Schweitzer Engineering
Laboratories, Inc. has approved only the English language document.
This product is covered by the standard SEL 10-year warranty. For warranty details, visit selinc.com or contact your customer service
representative. PM421-04

Date Code 20171021 Instruction Manual SEL-421 Relay
Instruction Manual Table of Contents
List of Tables................................................................................................................................................................................v
List of Figures......................................................................................................................................................................... xiii
Preface.........................................................................................................................................................................................xix
Manual Overview .................................................................................................................................................xix
Safety Information .............................................................................................................................................. xxii
General Information.............................................................................................................................................xxv
Section 1: Introduction and Specifications
Features.................................................................................................................................................................1.2
Models and Options ..............................................................................................................................................1.5
Applications ..........................................................................................................................................................1.8
Product Characteristics .......................................................................................................................................1.12
Specifications......................................................................................................................................................1.14
Section 2: Installation
Shared Configuration Attributes ...........................................................................................................................2.1
Plug-In Boards ....................................................................................................................................................2.13
Jumpers ...............................................................................................................................................................2.15
Relay Placement .................................................................................................................................................2.24
Connection ..........................................................................................................................................................2.25
AC/DC Connection Diagrams ............................................................................................................................2.50
Section 3: Testing
Low-Level Test Interface ......................................................................................................................................3.1
Relay Test Connections.........................................................................................................................................3.3
Checking Relay Operation....................................................................................................................................3.8
Technical Support ...............................................................................................................................................3.23
Section 4: Front-Panel Operations
Front-Panel LCD Default Displays.......................................................................................................................4.1
Front-Panel Menus and Screens............................................................................................................................4.3
Target LEDs ..........................................................................................................................................................4.9
Front-Panel Operator Control Pushbuttons.........................................................................................................4.13
One-Line Diagrams.............................................................................................................................................4.15
Section 5: Protection Functions
Current and Voltage Source Selection ..................................................................................................................5.2
Polarizing Quantity for Distance Element Calculations .....................................................................................5.14
Frequency Estimation .........................................................................................................................................5.15
Undervoltage Supervision Logic ........................................................................................................................5.17
Over- and Underfrequency Elements..................................................................................................................5.19
Time-Error Calculation .......................................................................................................................................5.21
Fault Location .....................................................................................................................................................5.23
Open-Phase Detection Logic ..............................................................................................................................5.24
Pole-Open Logic .................................................................................................................................................5.25
Loss-of-Potential Logic ......................................................................................................................................5.28
Fault Type Identification Selection Logic...........................................................................................................5.33
Ground Directional Element...............................................................................................................................5.33
Phase and Negative-Sequence Directional Elements..........................................................................................5.45
Directionality ......................................................................................................................................................5.46
CVT Transient Detection....................................................................................................................................5.47
Series-Compensation Line Logic........................................................................................................................5.48

ii
SEL-421 Relay Instruction Manual Date Code 20171021
Table of Contents
Load-Encroachment Logic .................................................................................................................................5.49
Out-of-Step Logic (Conventional) ......................................................................................................................5.50
Out-of-Step Logic (Zero Settings)......................................................................................................................5.56
Mho Ground-Distance Elements ........................................................................................................................5.72
Quadrilateral Ground-Distance Elements...........................................................................................................5.76
Mho Phase-Distance Elements ...........................................................................................................................5.80
Quadrilateral Phase-Distance Elements..............................................................................................................5.85
Zone Time Delay ................................................................................................................................................5.91
Instantaneous Line Overcurrent Elements ..........................................................................................................5.93
Inverse-Time Overcurrent Elements ...................................................................................................................5.99
Over- and Undervoltage Elements....................................................................................................................5.113
Switch-Onto-Fault Logic ..................................................................................................................................5.117
Communications-Assisted Tripping Logic .......................................................................................................5.120
Directional Comparison Blocking Scheme.......................................................................................................5.121
Permissive Overreaching Transfer Tripping Scheme .......................................................................................5.124
Directional Comparison Unblocking Scheme Logic ........................................................................................5.133
Trip Logic .........................................................................................................................................................5.137
Circuit Breaker Failure Protection ....................................................................................................................5.146
Synchronism Check ..........................................................................................................................................5.158
Section 6: Protection Applications Examples
230 kV Overhead Distribution Line Example ......................................................................................................6.1
500 kV Parallel Transmission Lines With Mutual Coupling Example...............................................................6.18
345 kV Tapped Overhead Transmission Line Example .....................................................................................6.53
EHV Parallel 230 kV Underground Cables Example.........................................................................................6.87
Out-of-Step Logic Application Examples ........................................................................................................6.119
Autoreclose Example........................................................................................................................................6.137
Autoreclose and Synchronism-Check Example ...............................................................................................6.141
Circuit Breaker Failure Application Examples.................................................................................................6.151
230 kV Tapped Transmission Line Application Example ................................................................................6.170
Section 7: Metering, Monitoring, and Reporting
Metering................................................................................................................................................................7.1
Circuit Breaker Monitor........................................................................................................................................7.7
Station DC Battery System Monitor.....................................................................................................................7.7
Reporting ..............................................................................................................................................................7.7
Section 8: Settings
Alias Settings ........................................................................................................................................................8.1
Global Settings......................................................................................................................................................8.2
Breaker Monitor Settings......................................................................................................................................8.9
Group Settings ....................................................................................................................................................8.12
Protection Freeform SELOGIC Control Equations ..............................................................................................8.34
Automation Freeform SELOGIC Control Equations ...........................................................................................8.34
Notes Settings .....................................................................................................................................................8.34
Output Settings ...................................................................................................................................................8.35
Front-Panel Settings............................................................................................................................................8.35
Report Settings....................................................................................................................................................8.38
Port Settings........................................................................................................................................................8.38
DNP3 Settings—Custom Maps ..........................................................................................................................8.39
Bay Settings ........................................................................................................................................................8.39
Section 9: ASCII Command Reference
Description of Commands ....................................................................................................................................9.2

iii
Date Code 20171021 Instruction Manual SEL-421 Relay
Table of Contents
Section 10: Communications Interfaces
Communications Database .................................................................................................................................10.1
DNP3 Communication........................................................................................................................................10.8
IEC 61850 Communication ..............................................................................................................................10.22
Synchrophasors.................................................................................................................................................10.30
Section 11: Relay Word Bits
Alphabetical List.................................................................................................................................................11.1
Row Lists ..........................................................................................................................................................11.34
Section 12: Analog Quantities
Appendix A: Firmware, ICD File, and Manual Versions
Firmware ..............................................................................................................................................................A.1
SELBOOT.............................................................................................................................................................A.9
ICD File ..............................................................................................................................................................A.9
Instruction Manual.............................................................................................................................................A.10
Appendix B: Converting Settings From SEL-421-0, -1, -2, -3 to SEL-421-4, -5
Relay Word Bit Changes......................................................................................................................................B.1
Analog Quantity Changes....................................................................................................................................B.2
Global Settings Changes......................................................................................................................................B.3
Group Settings Changes.......................................................................................................................................B.3
Front-Panel Settings Changes ..............................................................................................................................B.4
Port Settings Changes ..........................................................................................................................................B.4
DNP3 Mapping Changes .....................................................................................................................................B.6
IEC 61850 Object Changes................................................................................................................................B.16
SEL-421-4, -5 Relay Command Summary

This page intentionally left blank

Date Code 20171021 Instruction Manual SEL-421 Relay
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Application Highlights ..............................................................................................................1.11
Table 1.2 SEL-421 Relay Characteristics..................................................................................................1.13
Table 2.1 Recommended Control Input Pickup Settings.............................................................................2.6
Table 2.2 Required Settings for Use with AC Control Signals ...................................................................2.7
Table 2.3 Control Inputs ............................................................................................................................2.15
Table 2.4 Control Outputs .........................................................................................................................2.15
Table 2.5 Main Board Jumpers..................................................................................................................2.16
Table 2.6 Main Board Jumpers—JMP2, JMP3, and JMP4.......................................................................2.19
Table 2.7 I/O Board Jumpers.....................................................................................................................2.23
Table 2.8 Jumper Positions for Breaker OPEN/CLOSE Indication ..........................................................2.23
Table 2.9 Jumper Positions for Arc Suppression.......................................................................................2.23
Table 2.10 Front-Panel LED Option ...........................................................................................................2.24
Table 2.11 Fuse Requirements for the Power Supply .................................................................................2.34
Table 2.12 TiDL LED Status.......................................................................................................................2.45
Table 3.1 UUT Database Entries for SEL-5401 Relay Test System Software—5 A Relay .......................3.2
Table 3.2 UUT Database Entries for SEL-5401 Relay Test System Software—1 A Relay .......................3.2
Table 3.3 Negative-Sequence Directional Element Settings AUTO Calculations....................................3.17
Table 4.1 Metering Screens Enable Settings ...............................................................................................4.2
Table 4.2 Front-Panel Target LEDs...........................................................................................................4.10
Table 4.3 TIME Target LED Trigger Elements—Factory Defaults..........................................................4.11
Table 4.4 Operator Control Pushbuttons and LEDs—Factory Defaults ...................................................4.13
Table 5.1 Available Current Source Selection Settings Combinations .......................................................5.4
Table 5.2 Available Current Source Selection Settings Combinations When ESS := Y, NUMBK := 1 ....5.4
Table 5.3 Available Current Source Selection Settings Combinations When ESS := Y, NUMBK := 2 ....5.5
Table 5.4 Available Voltage Source Selection Setting Combinations ........................................................5.6
Table 5.5 ESS := N, Current and Voltage Source Selection .......................................................................5.8
Table 5.6 ESS := 1, Current and Voltage Source Selection ........................................................................5.8
Table 5.7 ESS := 2, Current and Voltage Source Selection ........................................................................5.9
Table 5.8 ESS := 3, Current and Voltage Source Selection ......................................................................5.10
Table 5.9 ESS := 4, Current and Voltage Source Selection ......................................................................5.11
Table 5.10 ESS := Y, Tapped Line..............................................................................................................5.13
Table 5.11 ESS := Y, Current Polarizing Source ........................................................................................5.13
Table 5.12 VMEMC Relay Setting .............................................................................................................5.15
Table 5.13 Frequency Measurement and Frequency Tracking Ranges.......................................................5.16
Table 5.14 Frequency Estimation ................................................................................................................5.16
Table 5.15 Voltage and Breaker Pole Correlation.......................................................................................5.17
Table 5.16 Frequency Estimation Outputs ..................................................................................................5.17
Table 5.17 Table Y12. Summary of the Valpha and 81UVSP Calculations...............................................5.19
Table 5.18 Time-Error Calculation Inputs and Outputs ..............................................................................5.21
Table 5.19 Fault Location Triggering Elements..........................................................................................5.23
Table 5.20 Fault Type..................................................................................................................................5.24
Table 5.21 Fault Location Settings..............................................................................................................5.24
Table 5.22 Fault Location Relay Word Bit .................................................................................................5.24
Table 5.23 Open-Phase Detection Relay Word Bits ...................................................................................5.25
Table 5.24 Pole-Open Logic Settings..........................................................................................................5.25
Table 5.25 EPO Setting Selections..............................................................................................................5.25
Table 5.26 Pole-Open Logic Relay Word Bits............................................................................................5.25
Table 5.27 LOP Logic Setting .....................................................................................................................5.29
Table 5.28 LOP Logic Relay Word Bits .....................................................................................................5.29
Table 5.29 Fault Type Identification Logic Settings ...................................................................................5.33
Table 5.30 FIDS Relay Word Bits...............................................................................................................5.33
Table 5.31 Directional Elements Supervising Ground Elements ................................................................5.33
Table 5.32 Ground Directional Element Settings........................................................................................5.34

vi
SEL-421 Relay Instruction Manual Date Code 20171021
List of Tables
Table 5.33 Ground Directional Element Settings AUTO Calculations.......................................................5.35
Table 5.34 Ground Directional Element Preferred Settings........................................................................5.35
Table 5.35 Ground Directional Element Enables ........................................................................................5.37
Table 5.36 Ground Directional Element Relay Word Bits..........................................................................5.39
Table 5.37 Reference Table for Figure 5.23, Figure 5.24, and Figure 5.25................................................5.42
Table 5.38 Vector Definitions for Equation 1.1 Through Equation 1.11....................................................5.43
Table 5.39 Phase and Negative-Sequence Directional Elements Relay Word Bits ....................................5.45
Table 5.40 Zone Directional Settings ..........................................................................................................5.47
Table 5.41 CVT Transient Detection Logic Setting....................................................................................5.47
Table 5.42 CVT Transient Detection Logic Relay Word Bit......................................................................5.48
Table 5.43 Series-Compensation Line Logic Relay Settings ......................................................................5.49
Table 5.44 Load-Encroachment Logic Relay Settings ................................................................................5.50
Table 5.45 Load-Encroachment Logic Relay Word Bits ............................................................................5.50
Table 5.46 OOS Logic Relay Settings.........................................................................................................5.52
Table 5.47 OOS Logic Relay Word Bits .....................................................................................................5.53
Table 5.48 Input/Output Combinations of the Pole-Open OOS Blocking Logic........................................5.67
Table 5.49 Mho Ground-Distance Elements Relay Word Bits ...................................................................5.73
Table 5.50 Differences Between the Adaptive Right Resistance Blinder and the Existing Resistance
Blinder ......................................................................................................................................5.77
Table 5.51 Quadrilateral Ground-Distance Elements Relay Word Bits......................................................5.77
Table 5.52 Mho Phase-Distance Elements Relay Word Bits ......................................................................5.81
Table 5.53 High-Speed and Conventional Element Directional Setting Summary.....................................5.85
Table 5.54 Quadrilateral Phase-Distance Elements Relay Word Bits.........................................................5.89
Table 5.55 Phase Overcurrent Element Settings .........................................................................................5.94
Table 5.56 Negative-Sequence Overcurrent Element Settings....................................................................5.94
Table 5.57 Residual Ground Overcurrent Element Settings .......................................................................5.95
Table 5.58 Phase Instantaneous/Definite-Time Line Overcurrent Relay Word Bits...........................................5.95
Table 5.59 Negative-Sequence Instantaneous/Definite-Time Line Overcurrent Relay Word Bits.............5.95
Table 5.60 Residual Ground Instantaneous/Definite-Time Line Overcurrent Relay Word Bits.................5.96
Table 5.61 Selectable Current Quantities ..................................................................................................5.100
Table 5.62 Selectable Inverse-Time Overcurrent Settings ........................................................................5.100
Table 5.63 Selectable Inverse-Time Overcurrent Relay Word Bits ..........................................................5.101
Table 5.64 Equations Associated With U.S. Curves .................................................................................5.101
Table 5.65 Equations Associated With IEC Curves ..................................................................................5.102
Table 5.66 Available Input Quantities.......................................................................................................5.114
Table 5.67 SOTF Settings..........................................................................................................................5.118
Table 5.68 SOTF Relay Word Bits............................................................................................................5.118
Table 5.69 ECOMM Setting......................................................................................................................5.120
Table 5.70 DCB Settings ...........................................................................................................................5.123
Table 5.71 DCB Relay Word Bits .............................................................................................................5.123
Table 5.72 POTT Settings .........................................................................................................................5.127
Table 5.73 POTT Relay Word Bits ...........................................................................................................5.128
Table 5.74 DCUB Settings ........................................................................................................................5.134
Table 5.75 DCUB Relay Word Bits ..........................................................................................................5.135
Table 5.76 Additional Settings for Single Pole Tripping (SPT)................................................................5.137
Table 5.77 Setting TULO Unlatch Trip Options .......................................................................................5.139
Table 5.78 Trip Logic Settings ..................................................................................................................5.140
Table 5.79 Trip Logic Relay Word Bits ....................................................................................................5.144
Table 5.80 Circuit Breaker Failure Relay Word Bits ................................................................................5.155
Table 5.81 Synchronism-Check Relay Word Bits.....................................................................................5.161
Table 6.1 System Data—230 kV Overhead Transmission Line..................................................................6.2
Table 6.2 Secondary Impedances ................................................................................................................6.2
Table 6.3 LOP Enable Options....................................................................................................................6.6
Table 6.4 Options for Enabling Pole-Open Logic .....................................................................................6.12
Table 6.5 Setting TULO Unlatch Trip Options .........................................................................................6.14
Table 6.6 Settings for 230 kV Overhead TX Example..............................................................................6.15
Table 6.7 System Data—500 kV Parallel Overhead Transmission Lines.................................................6.19
Table 6.8 Secondary Impedances ..............................................................................................................6.20

vii
Date Code 20171021 Instruction Manual SEL-421 Relay
List of Tables
Table 6.9 LOP Enable Options..................................................................................................................6.25
Table 6.10 Tilt Resulting From Nonhomogeneity.......................................................................................6.31
Table 6.11 Options for Enabling Pole-Open Logic .....................................................................................6.37
Table 6.12 Trip Unlatch Options .................................................................................................................6.42
Table 6.13 Settings for 500 kV Parallel TX Example .................................................................................6.47
Table 6.14 System Data—345 kV Tapped Overhead Transmission Line .........................................................6.54
Table 6.15 Secondary Impedances ..............................................................................................................6.55
Table 6.16 LOP Enable Options..................................................................................................................6.60
Table 6.17 Local Zone 2 Fault Impedance Measurements..........................................................................6.62
Table 6.18 Apparent Impedance Measurement for Remote Faults .............................................................6.63
Table 6.19 Options for Enabling Pole-Open Logic .....................................................................................6.77
Table 6.20 Setting TULO Unlatch Trip Options .........................................................................................6.81
Table 6.21 Settings for 345 kV Tapped TX Example .................................................................................6.83
Table 6.22 System Data—230 kV Parallel Underground Cables................................................................6.87
Table 6.23 Secondary Impedances ..............................................................................................................6.88
Table 6.24 LOP Enable Options..................................................................................................................6.93
Table 6.25 Tilt Resulting From Nonhomogeneity.......................................................................................6.98
Table 6.26 XAG Measurement for Remote AG Fault (k01 = 0.374 –39.2°, Sheath and Ground
Return Path)............................................................................................................................6.101
Table 6.27 XAG Measurement for Remote AG Fault (k01 = 0.385 –46.7°, Sheath Return Path) ........6.101
Table 6.28 XAG Measurement for Remote AG Fault (k0 = 6.105 44.5°, Ground Return Path)...........6.101
Table 6.29 Options for Enabling Pole-Open Logic ...................................................................................6.110
Table 6.30 Setting TULO Unlatch Trip Options .......................................................................................6.113
Table 6.31 Settings for 230 kV Parallel Cables Example .........................................................................6.115
Table 6.32 Positive-Sequence Impedances (Secondary) ...........................................................................6.120
Table 6.33 Automatically Calculated/Hidden Settings .............................................................................6.129
Table 6.34 Relay Configuration (Group)...................................................................................................6.129
Table 6.35 Out-of-Step Tripping/Blocking ...............................................................................................6.130
Table 6.36 Automatically Calculated/Hidden Settings .............................................................................6.136
Table 6.37 Relay Configuration (Group)...................................................................................................6.136
Table 6.38 Out-of-Step Tripping/Blocking ...............................................................................................6.136
Table 6.39 Settings for Autoreclose Example ...........................................................................................6.140
Table 6.40 Settings for Autoreclose and Synchronism Check Example ...................................................6.149
Table 6.41 Secondary Quantities...............................................................................................................6.156
Table 6.42 Settings for Circuit Breaker Failure Example 1 ......................................................................6.160
Table 6.43 Secondary Quantities...............................................................................................................6.162
Table 6.44 Settings for Circuit Breaker Failure Example 2 ......................................................................6.168
Table 6.45 Global Settings ........................................................................................................................6.174
Table 6.46 Breaker Monitor Settings.........................................................................................................6.174
Table 6.47 Group Settings .........................................................................................................................6.175
Table 6.48 Protection Freeform SELOGIC Control Equations...................................................................6.176
Table 6.49 Control Inputs ..........................................................................................................................6.179
Table 6.50 Control Outputs (SELOGIC Control Equations).......................................................................6.179
Table 7.1 MET Command ...........................................................................................................................7.2
Table 7.2 Instantaneous Metering Quantities—Voltages, Currents, Frequency .........................................7.3
Table 7.3 Instantaneous Metering Quantities—Power................................................................................7.4
Table 7.4 Maximum/Minimum Metering Quantities—Voltages, Currents, Frequency, and Powers.........7.5
Table 7.5 Demand and Peak Demand Metering Quantities—LINE ...........................................................7.6
Table 7.6 Energy Metering Quantities—(LINE).........................................................................................7.6
Table 7.7 Event Report Nonvolatile Storage Capability When ERDIG = S...............................................7.8
Table 7.8 Event Report Nonvolatile Storage Capability When ERDIG = A ..............................................7.8
Table 7.9 Event Report Metered Analog Quantities .................................................................................7.10
Table 7.10 Event Types ...............................................................................................................................7.14
Table 8.1 Global Settings Changes..............................................................................................................8.1
Table 8.2 Global Settings Categories ..........................................................................................................8.2
Table 8.3 General Global Settings...............................................................................................................8.2
Table 8.4 Global Enables.............................................................................................................................8.2
Table 8.5 Station DC1 Monitor (and Station DC2 Monitor).......................................................................8.3

viii
SEL-421 Relay Instruction Manual Date Code 20171021
List of Tables
Table 8.6 Control Inputs ..............................................................................................................................8.3
Table 8.7 Main Board Control Inputs..........................................................................................................8.3
Table 8.8 Interface Board #1 Control Inputs ...............................................................................................8.4
Table 8.9 Interface Board #2 Control Inputs ...............................................................................................8.4
Table 8.10 Settings Group Selection .............................................................................................................8.5
Table 8.11 Frequency Estimation ..................................................................................................................8.5
Table 8.12 Time-Error Calculation................................................................................................................8.5
Table 8.13 Current and Voltage Source Selection.........................................................................................8.5
Table 8.14 Synchronized Phasor Configuration Settings ..............................................................................8.6
Table 8.15 Phasors Included in the Data .......................................................................................................8.6
Table 8.16 Synchronized Phasor Configuration Settings Part 2....................................................................8.7
Table 8.17 Synchronized Phasor Recorder Settings......................................................................................8.7
Table 8.18 Synchronized Phasor Real Time Control Settings ......................................................................8.8
Table 8.19 Time and Date Management........................................................................................................8.8
Table 8.20 Data Reset Control.......................................................................................................................8.8
Table 8.21 DNP .............................................................................................................................................8.9
Table 8.22 Breaker Monitor Settings Categories ..........................................................................................8.9
Table 8.23 Enables.........................................................................................................................................8.9
Table 8.24 Breaker 1 Inputs...........................................................................................................................8.9
Table 8.25 Breaker 2 Inputs.........................................................................................................................8.10
Table 8.26 Breaker 1 Monitor (and Breaker 2 Monitor) .............................................................................8.10
Table 8.27 Breaker 1 Contact Wear (and Breaker 2 Contact Wear) ...........................................................8.10
Table 8.28 Breaker 1 Electrical Operating Time (and Breaker 2 Electrical Operating Time)....................8.11
Table 8.29 Breaker 1 Mechanical Operating Time (and Breaker 2 Mechanical Operating Time) .............8.11
Table 8.30 Breaker 1 Pole Scatter and Pole Discrepancy (and Breaker 2 Pole Scatter and Pole
Discrepancy).............................................................................................................................8.11
Table 8.31 Breaker 1 Inactivity Time Elapsed (and Breaker 2 Inactivity Time Elapsed)...........................8.11
Table 8.32 Breaker 1 Motor Running Time (and Breaker 2 Motor Running Time)...................................8.11
Table 8.33 Breaker 1 Current Interrupted (and Breaker 2 Current Interrupted)..........................................8.11
Table 8.34 Group Settings Categories .........................................................................................................8.12
Table 8.35 Line Configuration ....................................................................................................................8.13
Table 8.36 Relay Configuration ..................................................................................................................8.13
Table 8.37 Mho Phase-Distance Element Reach.........................................................................................8.15
Table 8.38 Quadrilateral Phase-Distance Element Reach ...........................................................................8.15
Table 8.39 Phase-Distance Element Time Delay ........................................................................................8.16
Table 8.40 Mho Ground-Distance Element Reach......................................................................................8.16
Table 8.41 Quad Ground-Distance Element Reach.....................................................................................8.17
Table 8.42 Zero-Sequence Compensation Factor........................................................................................8.18
Table 8.43 Ground-Distance Element Time Delay .....................................................................................8.18
Table 8.44 Series Compensation .................................................................................................................8.18
Table 8.45 Distance Element Common Time Delay ...................................................................................8.18
Table 8.46 Switch-Onto-Fault Scheme........................................................................................................8.19
Table 8.47 Out-of-Step Tripping/Blocking .................................................................................................8.19
Table 8.48 Load Encroachment...................................................................................................................8.20
Table 8.49 Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent Pickup...................................................................................8.21
Table 8.50 Phase Definite-Time Overcurrent Time Delay..........................................................................8.21
Table 8.51 Phase Instantaneous Definite-Time Overcurrent Torque Control.............................................8.21
Table 8.52 Residual Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent Pickup.................................................................8.22
Table 8.53 Residual Ground Definite-Time Overcurrent Time Delay........................................................8.22
Table 8.54 Residual Ground Instantaneous Definite-Time Overcurrent Torque Control ...........................8.22
Table 8.55 Negative-Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent Pickup.............................................................8.23
Table 8.56 Negative-Sequence Definite-Time Overcurrent Time Delay....................................................8.23
Table 8.57 Negative-Sequence Instantaneous Definite-Time Overcurrent Torque Control .......................8.23
Table 8.58 Selectable Operating Quantity Inverse Time Overcurrent Element 1 .......................................8.23
Table 8.59 Selectable Operating Quantity Inverse Time Overcurrent Element 2 .......................................8.24
Table 8.60 Selectable Operating Quantity Inverse Time Overcurrent Element 3 .......................................8.24
Table 8.61 81 Elements ...............................................................................................................................8.25
Table 8.62 Under Voltage (27) Element e...................................................................................................8.25