Sib Geofiz Pribor SGD-TG User manual

Sib Geofiz Pribor Ltd, Research-and-Manufacturing company
Geophone Tester SGD-TG
Operations Manual
October 2011

Sib Geofiz Pribor Ltd
CONTENTS
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1. Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2. Technical support .................................................................................................................. 4
2. Performance specifications .......................................................................................................... 5
2.1. Geophone natural frequency ................................................................................................. 5
2.2. Geophone damping ............................................................................................................... 5
2.3. Geophone sensitivity ............................................................................................................. 5
2.4. Geophone coil electrical resistance ....................................................................................... 5
2.5. Geophone total harmonic distortion ..................................................................................... 5
2. . Geophone electrical impedance ............................................................................................ 5
2.7. Geophone leakage resistance ................................................................................................ 5
2.8. External temperature sensor ..................................................................................................
2.9. Geophone testing procedure duration ...................................................................................
2.10. Built-in flash memory capacity ...........................................................................................
2.11. Computer connection ..........................................................................................................
2.12. Power supply .......................................................................................................................
2.13. Operation conditions ...........................................................................................................
2.14. Transportation and storage conditions ................................................................................
2.15. Overall dimensions ............................................................................................................. 7
2.1 . Mass ................................................................................................................................... 7
2.17. Completeness ..................................................................................................................... 7
3. Built-in battery ............................................................................................................................. 7
3.1. Maintenance and care .......................................................................................................... 7
3.2. Charging ............................................................................................................................... 8
4. Working with the Tester .............................................................................................................. 9
4.1. Design ................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2. Switching On and Off ......................................................................................................... 10
4.3. Tester Menu Navigation ..................................................................................................... 11
4.4. Menu Structure ................................................................................................................... 13
4.4.1. Setup menu… - Geophone menu ................................................................................. 14
4.4.2. Setup menu… - String menu… ................................................................................... 17
4.4.3. Setup menu… - Sequence of tests… ........................................................................... 18
4.4.4. Setup menu… - Operation conditions ......................................................................... 23
4.4.5. Setup menu… - Date & Time ...................................................................................... 24
4.4. . Setup menu… - Default settings .................................................................................. 25
4.4.7. Setup menu… - Read settings ...................................................................................... 2
4.4.8. Setup menu… - Save settings ...................................................................................... 2
4.4.9. Memory menu… ......................................................................................................... 2
4.4.10. Display settings… ...................................................................................................... 28
4.4.11. HW diagnostics… - Display ...................................................................................... 29
4.4.12. HW diagnostics… - Sine wave generator .................................................................. 30
4.4.13. HW diagnostics… - Self-test ..................................................................................... 30
4.4.14. HW diagnostics... - Power ......................................................................................... 31
4.5. Testing a Geophone string .................................................................................................. 31
5. Interaction of the Tester with PC ............................................................................................... 33
5.1. USB Driver Installation ...................................................................................................... 34
5.2. Uploading Test Results to the PC ....................................................................................... 37
5.3. Updating the Tester firmware ............................................................................................. 43
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. Connection Diagrams ................................................................................................................ 45
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1. Introduction
This Operations Manual is intended to study the design, purpose and operating principle
and to obtain the information required for proper operation and full use of technical
capabilities of the Geophone Tester SGD-TG SGFP 070 00 00 (hereinafter—the
Tester)
The information presented in this Manual refers to the Tester firmware Version 2 1
(October, 2011)
1.1. Purpose
The SGD-TG Tester is designed to measure parameters both of individual geophones
and of geophone strings having various configurations
The Tester operation does not require connection to a computer or to an external power
supply The Tester has a built-in rechargeable battery with the 6V voltage and 3 3AH
rated capacity The Tester with a fully charged battery can provide continuous service
during at least 8 hours The Tester is furnished with a built-in charger Charging the
built-in battery requires an external power supply or a 12 Volt battery The Tester
operation can remain uninterrupted in the course of charging
The Tester has a built-in non-volatile (flash) memory to store geophone testing and self-
testing results The built-in memory capacity is sufficient to store 32,756 entries An
external computer connected via USB interface is used to upload accumulated data
The data is rewritten to the computer in the form of two files, the first of which contains
the geophone (geophone string) testing data, and the second one—self-testing data
The files are created in text format suitable for import into spreadsheet programs (such
as MS Office Exсel)
The Tester contains a geophone reference data library divided in two parts: read-only
and user-defined libraries The read-only library cannot be edited or deleted The user-
defined library shall be created by the User through copying entries from the read-only
library with subsequent editing Data can be freely removed from the user-defined
library
The Tester is equipped with a remote temperature sensor designed for correction of the
geophone test results
The Tester firmware can be upgraded via USB interface without opening the Tester
housing The User can receive a new firmware-containing file via e-mail
1.2. Technical support
Information on the available firmware updates and other technical issues can be
obtained via e-mail sgd@sibgeodevice ru
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2. Perfor ance specifications
When measuring geophone (geophone string) specifications, the Tester pre-calculates
the rated value of any parameter to be measured and, based on this value, chooses the
test signal amplitude and the measuring channel parameters and, consequently, the
range of measurements Therefore, the Tester performance specifications presented in
2 1 – 2 5 are valid provided the deviation of the measured quantity from its rated value
is no more than ±50%
All performance specifications of the Tester are given for normal environmental
conditions
2.1. Geophone natural frequency
Measurement range: 1 5 Hz to 100 Hz;
Relative measurement error: no more than ±1%;
Resolution: 0 01 Hz
2.2. Geophone damping
Measurement range: 0 1 to 0 85;
Relative measurement error: no more than ±1 5%;
Resolution: 0 001
2.3. Geophone sensitivity
Measurement range: 0 to 6553 5 V/(m/s)*;
Relative measurement error: no more than ±2%;
Resolution: 0 1 V/(m/s)
*The sensitivity is calculated based on the results of measuring other geophone
parameters using the reference value of the geophone moving mass provided by the
geophone manufacturer
2. . Geophone coil electrical resistance
Measurement range: 0 to 65,535 Ohm;
Relative measurement error: no more than ±1%;
Resolution: 1 Ohm
The electric resistance is determined by direct current measurement
2.5. Geophone total harmonic distortion
Measurement range: 0 to 30%;
Absolute measurement error: no more than ±0 01%;
Resolution: 0 01%
2.6. Geophone electrical impedance
Measurement range: 0 to 65,535 Ohm;
Resolution: 1 Ohm
2.7. Geophone leakage resistance
Measurement range: 1 MΩ to 100 MΩ;
Relative measurement error: no more than ±5%;
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Resolution: 0 1 MΩ
The leakage resistance is measured under constant voltage no more than 3 0V
2.8. External temperature sensor
Measurement range: -40ºС to +70ºС;
Absolute measurement error: no more than ±1 5ºС;
Resolution: 1ºС
2.9. Geophone testing procedure duration
The geophone (geophone string) testing procedure duration with the polarity test
disabled is no more than 15 s
2.10. Built-in flash memory capacity
The Tester uses 8 MB built-in flash memory which allows storing up to 32,756 entries
2.11. Computer connection
The Tester can be connected to a PC via USB interface compatible with USB 2 0 full
speed (12Mbit/s) self-powered
2.12. Power supply
Built-in battery capacity: 3 2 AH;
Built-in battery rated voltage: 6 V;
Battery type: maintenance-free lead-acid battery;
Permissible temperature range of the battery: -20ºС to +60ºС;
Continuous running time with a fully charged built-in battery: at least 8 hours;
Built-in battery charging duration: no more than 10 hours;
Voltage range of an external DC power supply: 10 5 V to 16 V;
Maximum current consumed from an external power supply during charging with the
Tester switched on: 0 5 A under 12 V voltage;
Maximum current consumed from an external power supply during charging with the
Tester switched off: 0 3 A under 12 V voltage;
Built-in real time clock is supplied from the CR2032 lithium battery with the service
life no less than 3 years
2.13. Operation conditions
The Tester is designed for operation under conditions preventing direct action of
atmospheric precipitation (rain, snow, etc ) at relative humidity from 5 to 95%;
Operating temperature range: - 20ºС to +60ºС
2.1 . Transportation and storage conditions
The Tester can be transported by any mode of transport at ambient temperature
from - 30ºС to +60ºС and relative humidity from 5 to 95 %;
The tester is to be stored in warehouse premises preventing direct action of
atmospheric precipitation (rain, snow, for, etc ) at ambient temperature from - 30ºС
to +60ºС and relative humidity from 5 to 95 %;
Storage of the Tester along with evaporating liquids, acids and other substances,
which can cause metal corrosion and insulation failure, is prohibited

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2.15. Overall dimensions
The Tester dimensions are no more than 240х155х65 mm (LxWxH)
2.16. Mass
The Tester mass without accessories is no more than 2 5 kg
2.17. Completeness
Tester with 6 V, 3 2Ah battery;
AC/DC 12 V, 1 A mains adapter;
Geophone and Remote temperature sensor connection cable;
Compact disk containing documentation and software;
Packing bag for storage and carriage of the Tester and additional accessories
3. Built-in battery
3.1. Maintenance and care
The built-in battery (hereinafter—the battery) requires careful handling Observe the
main rules to extend the battery service life
Do not allow deep discharge of the battery.
Even with the Tester switched off, the battery continues discharging owing to self-
discharge process and to the current consumed by the switching on / off circuit
(approximately 10 μA) At high temperatures, the self-discharge process accelerates If
the battery voltage drops down to 4 5 volts and below, the battery capacity irreversibly
decreases, after which the battery cannot be fully charged
Before long-term storage of the Tester (more than 1 month), the battery
should be fully charged and then disconnected.
To disconnect the battery, remove the Tester rear cover by unscrewing 4 fixing screws,
lift the lower unsecured edge of the main printed-circuit board (PCB) (Fig 1) and shift it
so that the PCB connectors disconnect from the counterparts on the filter board Throw
the main PCB sideward and disconnect the power wires from the PCB connector
(Fig 2) Replace the PCB and close the Tester rear cover Upon completion of storage
and prior to using the Tester, re-connect the battery and recharge it
Do not allow storage of the Tester with a discharged battery at low negative
temperatures.
As the battery discharges, the electrolyte concentration decreases, owing to which
electrolyte may freeze Electrolyte freezing may cause irreversible mechanical damages
of the battery elements Besides, at low temperatures, the battery capacity drops down
Thus, at a temperature of -20°С, the battery capacity is 40% of the rated value
Charge the battery on a regular basis.
The Tester starts giving audible signals every 10 seconds, if the battery voltage drops
down to 5 4 V during operation These signals mean that the battery requires charging
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If during operation the battery voltage drops down to 5 3 V, the Tester will be
automatically switched off after giving three audible signals in succession In attempting
to switch on power supply of the Tester, the battery of which is discharged to 5 3 V and
below, the Tester is switched on, gives a triple audible signal and is switched off right
away
Figure 1 Figure 2
3.2. Charging
The battery can be charged using the mains adapter included in delivery, an external
storage battery with the 12 V rated voltage or any other external power supply with a
voltage from 10 5 to 16 volts and permissible load current no less than 0 5A The
Tester is furnished with built-in circuits to ensure protection against backward voltage,
over-voltage and current overload upon connection of an external power supply
ATTENTION! When using an external power supply operating from 220AC
mains, it is necessary to make sure first that it functions properly. The DC
output circuit should be galvanically isolated from the AC input circuit!
Connect an external power supply to the “+12V” socket of the Tester If the external
power supply voltage is within the permissible limits, the battery starts charging as
demonstrated by flashing green light of the LED indicator Steady red light shows that
the external power supply voltage is beyond the permissible limits or current consumed
from the external power supply has exceeded 1A
During charging it is permissible to switch on the Tester and use it for the purpose
intended The Tester consumes no power from the built-in battery either during charging
or upon its completion, being powered by the external supply as long as it is connected
After disconnection of the external power supply, the Tester will automatically switch to
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operation from its battery When the Tester is in the switched on state in the course of
charging, the top line of its display shows voltage (in volts) at the battery terminals and
the state of its charge in the form of AA battery symbolic representation You can
monitor a status of the battery on the screen by entering the menu “Main menu” -> "5
Hardware diagnostics" -> "4 Power" (Fig 3)
Nominal charging current is 380mA When the battery voltage reaches 7 2 7 3V, the
charging current begins to decrease gradually The charging current decreases up to
20% from nominal at achievement of capacity of the battery about 90% From this point
the green LED lights on and off alternately If necessary, at this point you can stop
charging However, when possible, you should continue to charge The battery is fully
charged when the charging current drops below 10% of nominal Since then, the charge
is terminated, and the green LED is permanently lit
It is recommended to charge the battery at a temperature from +10 to + 0°С.
Charging time of a discharged battery at room temperature is approximately 10 hours
Completion of charging is evidenced by steady green light of the LED indicator
Charging at low temperatures does not enable the battery to reach full capacity Monitor
the temperature inside the tester housing by readings of the built-in temperature sensor
shown on centre in the display top line Readings of the remote temperature sensor are
indicated rightwards
Figure 3
4. Working with the Tester
.1. Design
The Tester front panel accommodates a graphic display with 240 х 128 point resolution,
a bi-colour LED indicator and a keyboard (Fig 4) The ON/OFF button intended to
switch on and off the Tester is located in the lower left corner of the front panel
Three connectors are provided on the housing frame:
“GEOPHONE/t°C” for connection of geophones and the remote temperature sensor;
“+12 V” for connection of the external power supply;
“USB” for PC connection
The tester housing has a detachable rear cover The cover is secured by four screws
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Figure 4
.2. Switching On and Off
To switch on the Tester, press the ON/OFF button once At the instant of switching on,
the Tester checks voltage across the battery terminals If the battery voltage is lower
than or equal to 5 3V, the Tester will give a triple audible signal and turn off
automatically When the battery voltage drops down to 5 4V in the course of operation,
the Tester will give audible signals every 10 seconds to signalize the necessity of
battery charging
The battery is charged with a connected external power supply, irrespective of whether
the Tester is switched on or off After switching on, the Tester is operated from the
external power supply (if it is connected) or from the built-in battery (if the external
power supply is not connected)
Once the Tester is switched on, the program is loaded and all units are initialized As
this takes place, a splash screen specifying the version number and firmware release
date is displayed Upon completion of loading, the main menu is displayed, following
which the Tester is ready for operation
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The tester is switched off by one-off pressing the ON/OFF button
.3. Tester Menu Navigation
All settings and Tester operation control are performed using a set of on-screen menus
Figure 5 shows the main menu
ATTENTION! All setting odifications are valid only until the Tester is
switched off. To save odifications, execute “Main enu” −> “2 Setup
enu…” −> “8 Save settings”.
Figure 5
The upper screen line is the status line which displays (from left to right):
the current menu name;
the internal temperature of the Tester housing;
the temperature of the remote temperature sensor or question-marks when the
sensor is not connected;
voltage across the built-in battery terminals;
symbolic representation of a battery and the state of charge of the built-in battery
Readings in the status line are updated every 10 seconds Pressing the “0” button will
cause force update of the status line and checking of the remote temperature sensor
connection
Pressing the “MEMORY” button is similar to execution of “Main menu” −> “3 Memory
menu…” −> “2 Memory usage” sequence, during which the number of entries contained
in the memory and the number of entries that can be additionally stored in the memory
are displayed
The bottom portion of the screen under the separator bar presents information on the
activities that can be carried out using the current menu
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The middle portion of the screen accommodates the lines of menu options The left
column shows the menu active option pointer , i e the pointer of the option that will
be executed upon pressing the “ENTER” button The menu options are numbered by
digits from 1 to 9
The required menu option can be executed in two different ways:
select the desired menu option using the UP and DOWN pointing buttons and press
the ENTER button; or
press the digit button corresponding to the desired menu option
Ellipsis at the end of the menu option name means that execution of this option will call
a submenu of the next level menu on the screen Execution of a menu option without
ellipsis will cause immediate action specified by the option name
Pressing the ESC button causes return to the previous level menu
Some menus are designed to enter digital or other parameters Hereafter, such menus
will be called “dialogue menus” Each dialogue enu option has a related parameter,
the value of which is displayed at the end of the respective line Parameters can be
presented by a numerical value (numerical parameter) or a mnemonic symbol, for
example, “On/Off” (mnemonic parameter)
The numerical parameter value can be modified using two methods:
pressing the LEFT or RIGHT pointing buttons will increment or decrement the value
of parameter, which corresponds to the active line, by one step The active line
means the menu line marked with the pointer on the left;
pressing the ENTER button (or the menu option digital button) in the bottom portion
of the screen will display the permissible values of parameter and a blinking cursor
line for entering a number instead of information on this menu Enter the desired
number using digital buttons Pressing the LEFT button will delete the last entered
symbol, pressing the ESC button will cancel the entry Once the number is entered,
press the ENTER button to replace the parameter value with a new one
The mnemonic parameter value can be modified using the first of above methods only
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. . Menu Structure
The Tester menu structure is shown in Fig 6 Below are presented detailed descriptions
of each item
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Main menu
1 Execute sequence of tests
2 Setup menu
3 Memory menu
4 Display settings
5 Hardware diagnostics
Testing
Setup menu
1 Geophone menu
2 String menu
3 Sequence of tests
4 Operation condition
5 Date & time
6 Default settings
7 Read settings
8 Save settings
Geophone menu
1 Select type
2 New copy of selected type
3 Edit selected type
4 Delete selected type
5 Delete all types added by user
2
1
Memory menu
1 Display last file
2 Memory usage
3 List files
4 Upload files
5 Erase all files
3
Display settings
1 Backlight brightness:
2 Backlight OFF time:
3 LCD contrast:
4 Key beeps:
4
HW diagnostics
1 Display
2 Sine wave generator
3 Self-test
4 Power
String menu
1 String number:
2 Series:
3 Parallel:
4 Cable resistance:
5 Interval:
6 Lead-in cable length:
7 Presence of shunts:
8 Shunt resistance:
Tests sequence
1 Polarity:
2 Noise:
3 Leakage:
4 Resistance:
5 Natural frequency:
6 Damping:
7 Sensitivity:
8 Distortion:
9 Impedance:
Op conditions
1 Autoincrement of string number:
2 Continue test on reject:
3 Save test data on reject:
4 String temperature:
5 Polarity test:
5Display testing
1 Screen
2 Backlight
3 Contrast
4 Keypad
5 Sound
Sine generator
1 Frequency:
2 Amplitude:
Testing
1
2
3
4
1
2
Figure 6

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4.4.1. Setup enu… - Geophone enu
The “Geophone menu” is intended to manage the geophone library and to select the
geophone type, the parameters of which will be used as a reference for further work
The Tester memory accommodates a library containing geophone reference data The
library is divided in two parts: read-only and variable libraries
The read-only library is stored in the memory portion protected against cancellation and
modification It holds data corresponding to the rated values published by the
manufacturer of a respective geophone The read-only library will be expanded as the
Tester built-in firmware versions are updated
The variable library is accessible for modification by the User The variable library can
hold data on 30 geophones as a maximum The total number of geophones in the
libraries cannot exceed 99
4.4.1.1. Select type…
When this option is executed, the list of geophones, the data on which are available in
the Tester libraries, is displayed on the screen The display process starts from the
page containing the entry of the currently selected geophone Geophones from the
variable library are marked with the * character (see Figure 7)
Figure 7
Line 4 in the presented screen shot correspond to the geophone type created by the
User
The pointer is represented at the beginning of the line corresponding to the selected
geophone A list that is too big for the screen can be paged by pressing the LEFT and
RIGHT buttons One page can accommodate 9 lines To select a geophone, move the
pointer to the desired line using the UP, DOWN, LEFT and RIGHT buttons, and press
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the ENTER button The desired geophone can be also selected from the screen list by
pressing a relevant digital button “1”…“9”
ATTENTION! Modification of the selected geophone type shall be valid only
until the Tester is switched off. To save odifications, execute the “Main
enu” −> “2 Setup enu…” −> “8 Save settings” sequence.
4.4.1.2. New copy of selected type
When it is necessary to test a geophone (or a geophone string), the data on which are
unavailable in the library, create a new entry To this end, select a geophone having
parameters closest to the required ones in the “Select type…” menu, return to the
“Geophone menu” and execute the “New copy of selected type” option In so doing, a
new entry containing a copy of the selected geophone will be created in the variable
portion of the library, and a list of the geophone parameters will be displayed Edit and
save the new entry in memory as described below (4 4 1 3)
Once the new entry is saved, the newly created type of geophone will be selected for
further operations
4.4.1.3. Edit selected type
This dialogue menu allows viewing and editing parameters of a selected or newly
created geophone Only data stored in the variable library can be edited. Data from
the read-only library are accessible only for viewing
When this menu option (or “New copy of selected type” option) is executed, the list of
parameters of the selected (or newly created) geophone type is displayed on the
screen
Figure 8
The list represents, top to bottom:
the geophone name, no more than 15 symbols;
geophone coil resistance, ohms (without shunt);
the permissible deviation of the coil resistance from the rated value as a percentage;
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the natural frequency of the geophone moving system, Hz;
the permissible deviation of the natural frequency from the rated value as a
percentage;
the sensitivity of the geophone, V·m-1·s;
the permissible deviation of the sensitivity from the rated value as a percentage;
the geophone damping;
the permissible deviation of the damping from the rated value as a percentage;
the maximum permissible harmonic distortion of a geophone as a percentage;
the frequency in Hertz, at which the harmonic distortion is measured;
the peak-to-peak amplitude of displacement of the geophone moving mass, mm;
the mass of the geophone movable system, g;
the temperature at which geophone parameters are normalized, degrees Celsius
Navigation through the list is performed by pressing the UP and DOWN buttons The
active line of the list is marked by the pointer in the leftmost position of the line
Navigation through the list of geophone parameters from the read-only library is
disabled, since they are not editable
Editing parameters, except for their name, can be performed by one of the following
methods:
pressing the LEFT and RIGHT buttons decrements or increments the parameter by
one step, respectively;
when the ENTER button is pressed, the blinking cursor appears in the empty bottom
line of screen Enter the desired number using “0”…“9” and “ ” buttons The LEFT
button deletes the last entered character End the data input by pressing the ENTER
button Pressing ESC in the entry process cancels modification of a current
parameter
To enter a new geophone name, place the pointer opposite the name-containing line
and press ENTER A blinking cursor will appear in the empty bottom line on the screen
Using alphanumeric buttons, enter the new name Once entry is completed, press the
ENTER button Pressing the ESC button cancels the entry As alphanumeric buttons
are pressed, characters will be subsequently echoed in the current position of the line
(see the list below) A character is secured in the current character location upon
pressing another button of after a two-second pause The list of characters assigned to
buttons includes the following:
‘ ’ — only ‘ ’ character;
‘1’ — ‘1 space’;
‘2’ — ‘2 A B C’;
‘3’ — ‘3 D E F’;
‘4’ — ‘4 G H I’;
‘5’ — ‘5 J K L’;
‘6’ — ‘6 M N O’;
‘7’ — ‘7 P Q R S’;
‘8’ — ‘8 T U V’;
‘9’ — ‘9 W X Y Z’;
‘0’ — ‘0 - _ +’
Once editing is co pleted, press the MEMORY button to save changes.
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Pressing ESC cancels all changes, including creation of a new geophone type in the
library In other words, if the ESC button is pressed after completion of the “New copy
of selected type” option and, possibly, after editing parameters, no new entry will be
saved in the variable portion of the library
4.4.1.4. Delete selected type
Execution of this option results in deletion of the geophone selected (in the “Select
type…” option) from the variable portion of the library The data will be deleted
without additional pro pts to confir . Deletion from the read-only portion of the
library is disabled After deletion, the next geophone on the list is deemed to be
selected Should the last geophone on the list be deleted, the previous geophone will
become selected
4.4.1.5. Delete all types added by user
Execution of this menu option causes the variable portion of the memory to be fully
cleared All user-defined geophone types will be deleted Prior to deletion, a prompt to
confirm the operation will be displayed, and deletion will be performed upon pressing
the ENTER button
If a geophone from the variable portion of the library was selected before deletion, the
last geophone on the list from the read-only portion will become selected after this
operation
4.4.2. Setup enu… - String enu…
The “String menu…” dialogue is designed to set parameters of a geophone string
ATTENTION! Reconfiguration of a geophone string shall be valid only until
the Tester is switched off. To save changes, execute the “Main Menu” −>
“2 Setup enu…” −> “8 Save Settings” sequence.
Changing parameters is performed as described in “4 3 Tester Menu Navigation”
A geophone string is an electric bipolar circuit with series-parallel connection of
geophones The Tester is designed to handle strings composed of one or several
identical parallel branches Strings are also characterized by the distance between
individual series-connected geophones (interval), lead-in cable length and resistance
per unit length of the cable used which allows to take into account additional resistance
coupled into geophone resistance by the cable Finally, a shunt resistor can be placed
in parallel with each geophone in the string to ensure optimal damping
4.4.2.1. String number
When testing geophone strings, each string should have its unique number for
unambiguous identification in the test reports The string number is presented by an
eight-digit decimal number, which can take values from 00000000 to 99999999 The
method of string numbering is left to the discretion of the User For example, a part of
the digits can represent the seismic crew number
The menu option establishes the initial number for subsequent tests The string number
will be automatically increased by one after each test completed, if the string number
autoincrement is enabled (see “4 4 4 1 Autoincrement of string number”) Besides, the
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string number can be immediately edited during testing (Section “4 5 Testing geophone
strings”)
4.4.2.2. Series
This parameter specifies a number of series-connected geophones and can take values
from 1 to 99
4.4.2.3. arallel
This parameter specifies a number of parallel identical branches, each composed of
series-connected geophones The parameter can take values from 1 to 99
4.4.2.4. Cable Resistance per Unit Length
This parameter specifies resistance per unit length of the cable used to wire a
geophone string and can take values from 0 to 1000 Ohms/km
4.4.2.5. Interval
This parameter specifies the cable length between series-connected geophones and
can take values from 0 to 1000 metres
4.4.2.6. Lead-in cable length
This parameter specifies the length of cable between connector and the end geophone
in an string It can take values from 0 to 1000 metres
4.4.2.7. resence of shunts
This parameter determines whether geophones in an string are used with or without
shunts It can take values “Yes” or “No”
4.4.2.8. Shunt resistance
This parameter specifies the resistance of geophone shunts and can take values from 0
to 10,000 Ohm
4.4.3. Setup enu… - Sequence of tests…
The “Sequence of tests” dialogue menu has two functions:
setting up the sequence of tests for subsequent automatic execution;
starting up continuous execution of an individual test (or test group)
Each menu option allows enabling or disabling any test and adjusting additional settings
for its execution From this point on, after starting up of automatic execution of test
sequence (see Section “4 5 Testing Geophone strings”), only tests enabled in this
menu will be executed Editing menu options is performed as described in Section “4 3
Tester menu navigation”
ATTENTION! A change in test settings is valid only until the Tester is
switched off. To save changes, execute the “Main Menu” −> “2 Setup
enu…” −> “8 Save settings” sequence.
Start-up of continuous execution of an individual test or test group is performed by
pressing the “START-STOP” button As this takes place, the test results are not saved
but displayed on the screen and permanently updated The possibility of continuous
testing is extremely useful for trouble shooting in a geophone string
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Sib Geofiz Pribor Ltd
Repeated pressing the “START-STOP” button terminates testing It should be noted
that every test is performed during a certain time interval (up to several seconds), so,
response to pressing of button may be not instantaneous If pressing the button causes
an audible signal to sound, continuous testing will be terminated after the current test If
no signal sounded upon pressing the “START-STOP” button, press the button once
again
4.4.3.1. olarity
This parameter can take values 0 (Off) and from 1 to 1000 mV The parameter value
can be changed both by the use of LEFT and RIGHT arrows and by entering a number
On entering 0, the parameter takes the “Off” value The number specifies the response
level in millivolts The response level should be specified depending on the sensitivity of
geophones and the noise level at their location Generally, the 100mV level is
acceptable
Testing is performed in semi-automatic mode: it is necessary to strike a gentle blow
from top downward (in horizontal direction for horizontal geophones) against each
geophone in an string The Tester performs continuous recording of the string signal
When the signal level exceeds the selected operating threshold, the Tester detects
geophone polarity based on to the signal peak polarity
Polarity deems to be positive (corresponding to the SEG standard) if the peak polarity is
positive when striking from top downward
Figure 9
Pressing the START-STOP button can start continuous performance of the polarity test
without writing results into memory Once a blow on the geophone is detected, the
Tester displays 240 signal samples with 1 ms quantization (see Fig 9) The point of
signal detection corresponds to 40 ms The positive and negative thresholds are shown
by dashed lines The screen image is updated after each blow To terminate the test,
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Sib Geofiz Pribor Ltd
press the START-STOP button, after which the “Tests sequence” dialogue menu will be
displayed again
4.4.3.2. Noise
This parameter can take values 0 (Off) and from 1 to 100 mV The parameter value can
be changed both by the use of LEFT and RIGHT arrows and by entering a number On
entering 0, the parameter takes the “Off” value The number specifies the maximum
permissible (for normal testing) value in millivolts The higher is noise at the geophone
location, the less reliable are test results Generally, the 5 mV threshold (root-mean-
square) is acceptable
Pressing the START-STOP button can start continuous performance of the noise test
without writing results into memory Numerical values and a histogram of root-mean-
square and peak values of noise are continuously displayed on the screen (see Fig 10)
To terminate the test, press the START-STOP button, after which the “Tests sequence”
dialogue menu will be displayed again
Figure 10
4.4.3.3. Leakage
This parameter can take values 0 (Off) and from 1 to 100 MΩ The parameter value can
be changed both by the use of LEFT and RIGHT arrows and by entering a number On
entering 0, the parameter takes the “Off” value The number specifies the minimum
permissible value of leakage resistance in megohms Leakage resistance is measured
between one of the geophone string poles and the “earth”, i e conducting surface
connected to the housings of geophones To measure leakages, contact 5 of the Tester
“GEOPHONE” connector should be connected to the “earth” This contact is connected
with grounding probe of the geophone cable included in Tester kit
Pressing the START-STOP button can start continuous performance of the test group
including the resistance test, the impedance test and the leakage test, without writing
results into memory Tests are conducted sequentially, one after another, in a ring The
results of enabled tests only are displayed (see Fig 11)
Figure 11
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