Skywalk TONIC User manual

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MANUAL/SERVICE SERIALNR

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 31
DESCRIPTION 32
TECHNICAL DATA 33
LINE SYSTEM 34
ACCELERATION SYSTEM 36
HARNESS 37
FLIGHT TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE 38
DESCENT TECHNIQUES 42
EXTREME FLIGHT MANEUVERS 46
MATERIALS 46
MAINTENANCE 48
DISPOSAL 48
NATURE AND ECOLOGICAL COMPATIBILITY 48
2-YEAR-CHECK 50
CERTIFICATION 51
CLOSING WORDS 52
LINE SCHEMATIC 53
RISER PLAN 54

INTRODUCTION
Congratulations on the purchase of your new skywalk TONIC! Thank you for your trust
in skywalk paragliders. We are certain that you will enjoy every minute with your sky-
walk TONIC. We recommend that you read this handbook attentively so that you can
feel comfortable with your new paraglider. The handbook will comprehensively inform
you on the skywalk TONIC. This handbook also gives you tips for flying safely and with
confidence, so that you can enjoy many hours in the sky with your TONIC. For helpful
suggestions, questions or critic, please call or send us an e-mail. The skywalk Team is
gladly at your disposal.
THE SKYWALK TEAM
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DESCRIPTION
The TONIC is a completely new development combining simple, safe but also dynamic
flight performance with low weight, small packing dimensions and a pleasing glide ratio.
The TONIC can be used for many purposes- hike & fly, dune soaring, freestyle- and ther-
mal flying is possible as well. Yet you can continue to trust in the safety of certification.
In order to realize the compromise between low weight and durability, a new cloth from
DOMINICO 20 DMF was implemented in combination with a simple construction.
Of course the TONIC is also equipped with the groundbreaking JET FLAP technology. JET
FLAPs have consistently prevailed in the past few years and make it possible to land at
low speeds with high safety potential, along with providing top climb performance.
PILOT SPECIFICATIONS
Due to the high wing load, the TONIC demands a pilot with a high level of flying experience
and solid active flying skills with other paragliders. In extreme flying situations, the TON-
IC has a high safety potential, also confirmed by the EN/LTF C certification. Still, you must
be able to control the agility. If this is the case, the glider will provide a wide range of use
and extremely high fun potential!

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TECHNICAL DATA
Tonic EN/LTF : B 56-80kg B 65-100kg
C C 81-105kg C 105-114kg
Size 14 16 18
Cells 26 26 26
Surface Area (flat) 16,79 19,00 21,35
Flat Span: 8,37 8,91 9,44
Flat Aspect Ratio 4,18 4,18 4,18
Projected Area 14,24 16,12 18,11
Projected Span 6,64 7,07 7,49
Projected Aspect Ratio 3,10 3,10 3,10
max. profil depth in cm 2,36 2,51 2,66
min. profil depth in cm 0,84 0,90 0,95
Average line length without risers in cm 4,80 5,10 5,41
Leinenverbrauch in m 190 202 214
Canopy weight kg 2,8 3,1 3,4
Launch weight from – to in kg. 56-91 56-105 65-114
Trimmer yes yes yes
Towing yes yes yes
Jet Flap Technologie yes yes yes
Motor certification with special risers no no no
CAUTION:
THE IDENTIFICATION PLATE IS PRINTED ON THE INSIDE OF THE STABILO. THE
NAME OF THE PILOT AND THE DATE OF FIRST FLIGHT MUST BE ENTERED
HERE. THE TYPE INSPECTION TAG IS PRESSED INTO THE MIDDLE CELL ABOVE
THE CHECKAIR STAMP. THE DATE OF THE INSPECTION MUST ALSO BE EN-
TERED.IF THIS LABEL IS MISSING, IT SHOULD BE ASSUMED THAT THE GLID-
ER IS AN UNINSPECTED PROTOTYPE.

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LINE SYSTEM
Thanks to extensive testing, the lines of the TONIC have a very high level of strength
with a very small diameter. Safety always remains a priority throughout our design and
construction process. For this reason, we have implemented an elaborate combination of
different Liros lines in the TONIC.
The skywalk TONIC is equipped with 3 A-, 3 B- as well as 3 C and 1 stabilo line.
The top lines of the last cell together with the stabilo top lines attach to the main stabilo
line, which lead directly to the B-riser.
The brake lines are not load bearing and lead from the trailing edge of the wing over
the main brake line throught the brake pulley on the C-riser to the brake handle. There
is a mark on the main brake line where the brake handle is knotted. The brake line set-
tings should not be changed, on the one hand to assure adequate brake travel in extreme
flight situations and while landing and on the other hand to avoid constant braking. For
better recognition, the A-lines and the A-riser are red and the stabilo line is red/yellow.
The B-lines are yellow, the main brake line and the brake spider are orange and all oth-
er lines are blue. The line locks are triangular, a plastic insert prevents the looped-in lines
from slipping as well as preventing accidental opening of the line locks.
The skywalk TONIC has 3 risers on each side.
>The A-lines lead directly to the A-riser.
> The B-lines and the Stabilo-Line lead to the B-riser.
> The C-lines lead to the C-riser.

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IMPORTANT SAFETY WARNING:
FLYING A PARAGLIDER GENERALLY REQUIRES MAXIMUM CAUTION AT ALL
TIMES. BE AWARE THAT AS A PARAGLIDING PILOT, YOU FLY AT YOUR OWN
RISK. AS A PILOT YOU MUST GUARANTEE THE AIRWORTHINESS OF YOUR
PARAGLIDER BEFORE EVERY SINGLE FLIGHT.
The skywalk TONIC may not be flown:
> outside of the minimum and maximum certified launch weight.
> with a motor, except if there is DULV- or motorglider association certification.
> in rainy, snowy and extremely turbulent weather conditions or high winds
> in fog or clouds (visual flight)
> with insufficient experience or training
Each pilot is responsible for their own safety and must ensure that their aircraft
(paraglider) has been checked and serviced for its airworthiness before launching.
You can only fly your skywalk TONIC with a valid flying license and in accordance
with local rules and regulations.
The skywalk TONIC passed multiple quality control checks during production.
More spot checks were performed before delivery to the dealer.

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ACCELERATION SYSTEM
The skywalk TONIC can be equipped with a foot-operated speed system. The Speed Sys-
tem works on the A- and B-riser. Exact specifications can be found on the riser illustra-
tion.
Installing the accelerator equipment:
Most standard harnesses have pulleys attached
for the speed system. The Speed system lines run
from the front through the pulleys on the harness
upwards and are knotted to the brummel hooks
at the appropriate length.
A correct adjustment of the acceleration lines
will assure that the foot bar can be reached easi-
ly with angled legs during flight. The entire speed
range can be accessed by stretching out the legs.
Prior to launch, the brummel hooks of the foot-
operated accelerator and the speed system have
to be connected to the riser. Check that the speed system line runs freely.
Function: The pilot pushes on the speed system, thereby shortening the A- and
B- risers. Illustration of accelerated risers - page 54.
The TONIC-Riser comes with a safety stitch on the trimmer loop.
To activate the trimmer, this seam must be removed including the additional black band.
It is important to make sure that the red trimmer loop or other parts of the
harness are not damaged.
With unremoved safety stitch the LTF / EN certification is also given in not hung
condition of the trimmer loop.
The trimmer loop can be hung in the main carabiners, so the pilot is within the DHV weight
limits in the LTF / EN approved area.
If the trimmer loop is “not” hung in the main carabiners with removed safety stitching,
the TONIC is not authorized by LTF / EN.

Trimmer band with main suspension in the main
carabiner. Once the trimmer loop is hung in the main
carabiner, the license within the DHV weight limits in
LTF / EN approval reappears.
Proper removal of the trimmer loop at the seam
above the safety material.
Wrong removal of the safety seam. Risk of damage
to the trimmer loop.
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HARNESS
All EN- or LTF-certified harnesses from the harness group GH (harnesses without solid
cross-bracing) are authorized for use with the skywalk TONIC.
CAUTION:
FULLY CROSS-BRACED HARNESSES INFLUENCE HANDLING DRASTICALLY
AND DO NOT LEAD TO INCREASED SAFETY PERFORMANCE!
FLIGHT TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE
Preflight check and maintenance:
It is important to check all paragliding equipment thoroughly before every flight to
inspect for defects. Also check the paraglider after long flights and after long periods
of storage.
Check thoroughly:
>All seams of the harness, the seams of the rescue and risers
>All connecting parts, maillons and carabiners
>The brake-line knots on both sides and follow the brake lines to the top
>All the other lines from riser to canopy
>All the line attachment points at the canopy
>If the top or bottom sail has partial damage or wear and tear
>The ribs and crossports from inside
Laying out the glider:
If you use your paraglider for the first time we recommend that you practice some
inflations and try some simple flights at a training site. This way you are able to get
used to the skywalk TONIC. Lay out the canopy so that the leading edge is slightly
bowed and the middle of the canopy represents the highest point.
This way the A-lines are tensioned first in the middle during inflation, the paraglider in-
flates evenly which ensures an easier and direction-stable launch. Carefully
separate the line levels and arrange the risers. If the risers are not twisted, the brake

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lines will run freely through the eye to the trailing edge of the glider. All lines should run
freely without knotting or twisting from the risers to the canopy. Only seldom will knotted
lines release during flight! The brake lines lay directly on the ground, so pay special atten-
tion that they do not get caught during launch. No lines should lie underneath the canopy.
Tangled lines can have disastrous consequences!
The TONIC is equipped with two additional loops, attached to the top sail in the area of
the leading edge. To ensure that you have a secure hold of your wing before launching on
snow or in steep areas, you can attach skywalk HOOKS or strips of cloth here.
In order to guarantee a secure launch, you must determine that these attachments will
release during the launch without requiring a lot of effort and will not effect the flight
performance.
The Launch:
The skywalk TONIC is very easy to launch. It has no tendency to get stuck and does not
demand any special knowledge outside of the standard paragliding techniques.
If you fly in the upper weight range, the speed of lift-off will be noticeably higher than
that of a normal-sized wing.
The TONIC is also equipped with the innovative JET FLAP System. Air is conducted
from the bottom sail (pressure area) and is blown out at the top sail (suction area).
The connection is established by jet-shaped channels, which are located in the rear sec-
tion of the wing. When increasing the angle-of-attack the danger of airflow interruption
and subsequent stall is minimized. Results: the constant airflow even at great angles-
of-attack delays the stall, the flyable minimum speed is lowered and the pilot has an in-
creased angle of attack range. This is important, especially during launch and landing. Of
course, having JET FLAPS is not an excuse for unrestrained
use of the brakes, but the slow flight characteristics of the TONIC profit immensely.
Otherwise, no special control of the JET FLAP System is required and flying with a wing
equipped with JET FLAPs is exactly as usual.
Turning:
The skywalk TONIC is very agile and reacts without delay to steering impulse.
Generally, less steering impulse is required for the TONIC than with a normal-sized glid-
er because of the smaller size. Because of the high wing load of the canopy at the up-
per end of the weight range, the TONIC reacts to even moderate brake input with signif-

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icant curves and substantial altitude loss. It is a lot of fun to continue improving your fly-
ing abilities with the TONIC.
CAUTION:
PULLING THE BRAKE LINES TOO FAR AND TOO FAST CAN CAUSE FULL
STALL!
You will recognize a one-sided stall by the high steering pressure and the slight back-
wards bend of the outer wing. In this phase, you must immediately back off the brake
inside the curve.
Emergency Steering:
If one brake line tears or releases from the brake handles, you will still have limited
steering and landing capability of the skywalk TONIC with the help of the C-riser.
Active Flying:
Active flying means flying in harmony with your paraglider. Anticipate the behaviour of
your skywalk TONIC in flight, especially in turbulent and thermal conditions and react ac-
cordingly. In calm air necessary corrections will be minimal, but turbulence demands per-
manent attention and the use of brakes and weight shifting in the harness. Good pilots
have instinctive reactions. It is important that you always have direct contact to the can-
opy by slight pressure on the brakes in order to feel the stored energy of the glider. This
way you will recognize a loss of pressure in your canopy and subsequent collapse early
and will be able to react in time. The TONIC is equipped with a turbulence-damping profile,
which in combination with the high wing load provides a high resistance against collapses.
Nevertheless, collapses are still possible if the pilot does not fly actively.
Accelerated Flying:
A small effort is needed to operate the speed system. This can affect the sitting position
in the harness. We therefore recommend an upright position in the harness. Adjust the
harness accordingly, especially during your first few attempts at accelerated flying. We
remind you to only fly in wind conditions that are flyable with the wing in a normal adjust-
ment. To reach the maximum speed press the speed bar firmly until both pulleys on the
A-risers touch each other. As soon as you operate the speed system, the angle of attack

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will be reduced, the speed increases, but the paraglider becomes less stable and can col-
lapse more easily. Therefore, always use the speed system with adequate altitude from
the ground, obstacles and other aircraft. Collapses when accelerated are normally more
impulsive and demand quicker reaction. Avoid brake line adjustments that are too short.
NEVER ACCELERATE IN TURBULENT CONDITIONS!
NEVER ACCELERATE NEAR THE GROUND!
NEVER LET GO OF THE BRAKE HANDLES!
In case the glider collapses you must immediately back off of the acceleration-system
in order to stabilize and reopen your paraglider.
Landing:
The skywalk TONIC can be landed easily but the pilot must adjust accordingly for the
higher flight and landing speed. Make your final approach against the wind and let the
glider slow down. Further reduce the speed by applying the brakes lightly and evenly. At
about 1m above the ground you increase the angle of attack by slowing down more and
eventually completely flare out the glider. When you have reached the minimal speed ap-
ply full brake. Use very carefully dosed braking in head winds. Once you are safely on the
ground, bring the sail carefully into stall. Avoid a landing approach with steep alternate
turns (danger of oscillation!).
Winchtowing:
The skywalk TONIC is very suitable for towing. Make sure you climb from the ground
at a flat angle.
>Pilot must be instructed in towing.
>Pilot must use a certified winch.
>Winch driver must have a towing instruction including sail planes.
Always steer carefully when towing, do not overbrake, the glider already flies at an
increase in the angle of attack.
Motorized flight:
Get informed about the current status of certification of motorized flight
at your dealer, national distributor or directly through us. No certification existed at the
time this handbook was published. (April 2014)

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DESCENT TECHNIQUES
This handbook is not a textbook for learning how to paraglide.
According to the local rules and regulations, instruction and training must be carried
out at a licensed flight instruction center. The following information will enable you to get
the most out of your new skywalk TONIC.
Spiral dive:
You can initiate the spiral dive by carefully increasing the pull on one of the brakes
and simultaneously shifting your weight to the inside of the curve.
Because of the higher wing load, entering a spiral dive with the TONIC is simple. Bank and
sink speed can be controlled by dosed pulling or release of the brake line on the inside of
the curve. Gentle braking of the wing at the outer curve will prevent not only the collapse
of the outer wing, but also control the sink speed. A spiral dive is the fastest way to lose
altitude. This is an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time, since you must learn
to control the sink rate.
The extreme altitude loss resulting from a spiral dive requires that you always maintain
adequate safety distance. In order to avoid oscillation when exiting the spiral dive, you
must slowly release the brake on the inside of the curve while maintaining pressure on
the curve outer side brake.
The skywalk TONIC has no tendency to stable spiral. If it should not stop turning in unfa-
vourable influences, then you must actively exit the spiral by shifting pilot weight to the
outer side of the curve and brake more on the outer side. Braking on both sides will also
bring the glider out of the spiral. However, you must be active on the brakes to react to
the shooting forward of the canopy once exiting the steep spiral. Caution: the steering
pressure is higher in a steep spiral than in normal flight.
B-line stall:
The B-line stall was excluded from the certification by skywalk.
The TONIC is a very agile wing with high trim speed and altitude can be easily decreased
by spirals, steep turns or big ears, in combination with use of the speed system, thus the
B-stall is not a recommended method for effectively reducing altitude.
Besides that, the B-stall has a very negative effect on the durability of materials.

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Big ears:
In contrast to the spiral dive and B-stall, big ears result in an increase of forward
speed in relation to the gliders sink rate. Big ears are used to avoid or exit dangerous
areas horizontally in the desired direction.
CAUTION:
FLYING WITH BIG EARS CAN CAUSE STALL. THEREFORE, USE THE STEERING
LINES WITH CAUTION AND IF YOUR GLIDER IS WET, DO NOT USE THIS METH-
OD TO DECREASE ALTITUDE QUICKLY.
EXTREME FLIGHT MANEUVERS
Asymmetric collapse:
In strong turbulence, a collapse cannot be excluded. As a rule, the skywalk TONIC
opens automatically. The rotation towards the collapsed wing section can be minimized
by braking on the open side of the canopy. In case of a big collapse you will have
to brake with caution in order to avoid a stall.
Front collapse:
The paraglider will enter a collapse by a strong pull on the A-risers or from a very sudden
strong downwind. The leading edge will fold along the whole length of the wing.
Carefully dosed braking will reduce oscillation and simultaneously speed up the opening
of the canopy. As a general rule, the skywalk TONIC will recover from
the front tuck automatically.
CAUTION: DO NOT OVERBRAKE!
The parachutal stall:
The paraglider has no forward speed and simultaneously strongly increased sink rate.
The Porous canopy fabric (excessive UV-degradation) or frequent towing (stretched A-
lines) can result in an increased risk of parachutal stall. The pilot can recover from a sta-
ble stall by slightly pushing the A-risers forward at the maillons or by using the speed
system. The skywalk TONIC normally exits the parachutal stall automatically.

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CAUTION:
IF A PILOT HAS EXCESSIVELY SHORTENED THE MAIN BRAKE LINE FACTORY
SETTING, THERE IS AN INCREASED RISK OF PARACHUTAL STALL. THUS, NEV-
ER SHORTEN THE BRAKE LINES.
CAUTION:
AS SOON AS THE BRAKES ARE USED DURING STALL, A PARAGLIDER WILL
ENTER FULL STALL. BECAUSE OF OSCILLATION, A STABLE STALL SHOULD
NOT BE EXITED CLOSE TO THE GROUND. INSTEAD, THE PILOT SHOULD
STRAIGHTEN UP IN THE HARNESS AND PREPARE FOR A PARACHUTE LAND-
ING FALL.
Full stall:
In order to full stall your paraglider, wrap both brake handles once and pull strongly
and with equal pressure. The wing will steadily slow down, until the air flow separates
completely. The canopy will suddenly tip back. Despite this violent reaction, keep holding
the brakes down until the wing stabilizes. The skywalk TONIC flies backwards in full stall
and usually forms a forward rosette. This rosette will form if the full stall is entered slow-
ly. If the brakes are pulled down too quickly, forward rosette will not form.
To exit the full stall, the pilot must release the brake lines slowly and symmetrically up-
wards. (response time >= 1 sec). The glider opens and surges forward to pick up speed.
Braking symmetrically will prevent the TONIC from surging too far forward. If the pilot
does not brake, the TONIC will surge forward dramatically and a front tuck may result.
CAUTION:
IF A FULL STALL IS EXITED TOO EARLY, TOO QUICKLY OR INCORRECTLY, THE
CANOPY MAY SHOOT FORWARD DRASTICALLY

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Negative spins:
A paraglider spins backwards if the airflow disconnects over one half of the wing. In the
process, the canopy spins on a vertical axis and the rotation center is within the wing
span. The inside wing flies backwards.
There are two reasons for the negative spin:
>One brake is pulled too far and too quickly (e.g. when entering a spiral dive)
>One brake is pulled too strongly while flying slowly (e.g. flying in thermals).
>The skywalk TONIC usually re-enters normal flight immediately after the brake is
released without any great altitude loss.
>If the pilot inadvertently enters negative spin and exits it immediately, the skywalk
TONIC will return to normal flight without any major sink. The brake which was pulled too
far comes back until the airflow has contact again with the inner wing. Prolonged nega-
tive spin causes the canopy to shoot too far to one side. This can result in an impulsive
collapse.
Wingover:
Flying alternating left/right turns results in increased banking of the wing. During wing-
overs with a strong bank, the curve-outer wing will begin to unload. Increased banking
should be avoided, since an eventual collapse can be very impulsive.
CAUTION:
FULL STALL, NEGATIVE SPIN AND WINGOVERS (ABOVE 90°) ARE ILLEGAL
ACROBATIC FLIGHT MANOEUVERS AND ARE NOT PERMITTED IN NORMAL
AIR TRAFFIC. EXITING INCORRECTLY OR OVERREACTING MAY HAVE DANGER-
OUS CONSEQUENCES INDEPENDENT OF THE TYPE OF PARAGLIDER!

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MATERIALS
The skywalk TONIC is manufactured from the highest-quality materials. skywalk has chosen
the best possible combination of materials with respect to durability, performance and lon-
gevity. We know that durability is a deciding factor in customer satisfaction.
Sail and Profile:
Top Sail: Dominico 20 DMF
Bottom Sail Dominico 20 DMF
Ribs and Bands: Skytex 32
Lines:
LIROS is the worlds leading producer of paragliding lines.
Top lines: DSL 70
Middle lines: PPSL 120
Main lines and Tip lines: PPSL 200, PPSL 120, NTSL 160
Main brake lines: DFLP 200/32
Risers:
The risers are manufactured by Cousin Freres from 12,5 mm polyester webbing with Kev-
lar inserts. Stretch values, strength and stability of this webbing represent the highest
quality on the market.
MAINTENANCE
With proper maintenance, your skywalk TONIC will remain in airworthy condition for
several years. A well maintained paraglider lasts a lot longer than one which is packed
carelessly after use. Your life depends on the condition of your glider when you are in the
air.
Proper packing of your glider guarantees that your wing will remain at a consistently high
quality level. Your skywalk TONIC has reinforcements constructed from flexible nylon rods
in the leading edge. The Superflex material is very bend-resistant and does not require
any special handling.

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>Shake the canopy out gently to remove leaves,grass, sand,etc
>Sort the lines evenly and arrange them on the canopy.
>Make sure that your glider is in dry condition before packing.
>Lay the glider cell upon cell – from the middle of the glider outwards - from the second
cell, so that the leading edge reinforcements lay neatly on top of one another.
>This gathering method naturally goes faster with two people, one at the leading edge
and one at the leech, but with some practice you will be able to perform this task easi-
ly by yourself.
>Fold over the gathered cloth from the bottom up, pressing the air out as you go fold the
complete cell over once towards the middle>repeat the same packing method on the
other glider half.
>Now lay both sides on top of one another and make sure that the leading edge rein-
forcements lay neatly on top of one another. > Fold the cells from the bottom in the di-
rection of the leading edge, the first fold should have approximately the length from
hand to elbow.
>The leading edge can be folded inward once from the upper end, but this is not total-
ly necessary. However, any air remaining inside the glider should be pressed out through
the leading edge, and not through the material.l
>Now place the compression band around the glider across the leading edge
>Place the entire glider into the inner pack sack. This protects the glider from being
damaged by the zipper or other objects.
>Open the pack sack and lay the glider inside. The soft material here provides for good
carrying comfort for your lower back.
>Now lay the harness with the seat board upwards onto the glider in the pack sack and
(in most cases), close with the zipper.
>The top of the packsack offers enough space for storing helmet, overall, instruments,
etc.
Storage:
Store your paraglider in a dry location, protected from light and away from chemicals!
Dampness is the natural enemy of all paragliders. Therefore, always make sure your
paragliding equipment is dry before packing it away. A heated room is best for this pur-
pose.
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Cleaning:
Your new skywalk TONIC is equipped with a new automatic drainage system, especially for
getting rid of sand. Large accumulations of dirt can either be drained from the additional
opening at the stabilo or from the opening on the leading edge.
Any kind of friction or washing will lead to the accelerated aging process of your glider.
The sail cloth of the skywalk TONIC is maximally soil-resistant. If you still think that your
paraglider needs to be cleaned, then use a soft and wet towel or sponge. Don’t use any
soap or detergents. Never use solvents.
Repair:
All repairs must be carried out by the manufacturer or by an authorised skywalk
Service Center. Amateur repairs can cause more harm than good.
DISPOSAL
skywalk places high value on the environmental compatibility and quality control of our
materials. If your glider should reach the point where it is no longer airworthy, please
remove the metal parts. All other parts such as lines, cloth and risers can be brought
to a waste disposal center. The metal parts can be brought to metal recycling. If you wish,
you can send your glider on to us, and we will dispose of it in a responsible
manner.
NATURE AND ECOLOGICAL COMPATIBILITY
We have taken the first step towards ecological awareness with our motorless
sport. Those who prefer to climb to the launch site make our sport even more ecologically
compatible. We intend on continuing on an ecologically responsible course. When you are
out enjoying our sport, this means specifically: clean up your trash, stay on marked trails
and don’t cause unnecessary noise. Please help to maintain the balance of nature and act
with respect to plants and animals in their territory.