Snom 4S Media Server Service manual

Administrator‘s
Guide
snom 4S
SIP Proxy/Registrar
Version 2.42

snom technology AG • 3
snom 4S Registrar Proxy Version 2.42 Administrator
Manual (2nd Ed.)
© 2001-2004 snom technology Aktiengesellschaft. All Rights Reserved.
This document is supplied by snom technology AG for information purposes only to licensed
users of the snom 4S registrar proxy and is supplied on an “AS IS” basis, that is, without any
warranties whatsoever, express or implied.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent any
commitment on the part of snom technology AG. The software described in this document
is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms
of that license agreement. It is against the law to copy or use this software except as
specically allowed in the license. No part of this document may be reproduced, republished
or retransmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever, whether electronically or
mechanically, including, but not limited to, by way of photocopying, recording, information
recording or through retrieval systems, without the express written permission of snom
technology AG.
Legal Disclaimer
snom offers the software described in this manual for both open source operating systems
as well as licensed operating systems. Whenever software that has been used under GPL
or LGPL licensing conditions has been used by this product you can download the sources
from http://www.snom.com/downlad/gpl/snom_ossdk or purchase a disc from snom for a
nominal fee under the ordering code snom SDK CD.

snom technology AG • 3
Table of Contents
1 Read This First ........................................................7
1.1 Software Updates.................................................................. 7
1.2 Additional Information ........................................................... 7
2 Installation..............................................................9
2.1 Update to 2.3x from 2.2x ....................................................... 9
2.2 Choosing Ports...................................................................... 9
2.3 Windows ........................................................................... 11
2.3.1 Installation................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.2 Uninstalling in Windows.......................................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Linux Installation ................................................................ 13
2.4.1 Manual Starting.................................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.4.2 Automatic Starting......................................................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.3 Software Updates............................................................................................................................................................ 14
2.5 Accessing the web server ..................................................... 14
2.6 Licensing............................................................................ 15
2.7 DNS Setup ......................................................................... 17
2.7.1 DNS Example......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
3 General Setup........................................................19
3.1 IP Address Conguration ...................................................... 19
3.1.1 Binding to the right address............................................................................................................................. 19
3.1.2 Receiving forwarded packets .......................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.3 STUN Settings....................................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Security Setup .................................................................... 22
3.2.1 https/http Access............................................................................................................................................................. 22
3.2.2 Administrator Access.................................................................................................................................................. 23
3.2.3 Importing Certicates................................................................................................................................................ 23
3.3 System Settings.................................................................. 25
3.3.1 Log Level...................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.2 Log Filename.......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.3 Internal Length ................................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.3.4 Cache Sizes .............................................................................................................................................................................. 26
3.3.5 Maximum Number of Subscriptions ...................................................................................................... 26

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3.3.6 Unavailable Host TTL.................................................................................................................................................. 26
3.3.7 Handle Dialog Subscriptions............................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.8 Act as Presence-Server........................................................................................................................................... 27
3.3.9 Perform Number Guessing ................................................................................................................................. 28
3.3.10 Loose Routing Flag..................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3.11 Email Setup.......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3.12 License Reporting ........................................................................................................................................................ 29
3.3.14 RADIUS Settings........................................................................................................................................................... 29
3.3.15 Conguration in XML............................................................................................................................................... 29
4 STUN .....................................................................31
4.1 Setting up STUN ................................................................. 31
4.2 128 Bit STUN...................................................................... 32
5 Domains ................................................................33
5.1 Deriving settings ................................................................. 33
5.2 Creating a domain .............................................................. 34
5.3 Deleting a domain ............................................................... 35
5.4 Edit a domain ..................................................................... 35
5.5 Going to a domain context.................................................... 35
5.6 Determining the Domain Context........................................... 35
5.6.1 Purpose........................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
5.6.2 Usage ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 36
5.7 Backup .............................................................................. 37
6 Server Farm ..........................................................39
6.1 Shutting servers down ......................................................... 39
6.2 Number of necessary servers ................................................ 39
6.3 DNS considerations ............................................................. 40
6.4 Refresh rate considerations................................................... 41
6.5 Settings ............................................................................. 41
7 Domain Settings ....................................................43
7.1 HTTP Interface.................................................................... 43
7.2 Conferencing and Call-back .................................................. 44
8 Accounts ...............................................................45
8.1 Purpose ............................................................................. 45
8.2 Setting up accounts from the web interface ............................ 46
8.3 Uploading user accounts from le .......................................... 47
8.3.1 Old Proxy Format............................................................................................................................................................. 47

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8.3.2 Importing Accounts from Spreadsheet Tools .......................................................................... 47
8.4 Storing information ............................................................. 49
8.5 Changing Normal User Settings ............................................. 49
8.5.1 Single Registration......................................................................................................................................................... 49
8.5.2 3rd Party Registration............................................................................................................................................... 50
8.5.3 User-Visible Settings................................................................................................................................................... 50
9 Automatic User Agent Conguration......................51
9.1 Server Detection ................................................................. 51
9.2 Setting Groups.................................................................... 52
9.3 MAC Addresses ................................................................... 53
9.4 Settings ............................................................................. 54
9.5 Software Version ................................................................. 55
10 Registration.........................................................57
10.1 Registration Settings.......................................................... 57
10.1.1 Require Authorization............................................................................................................................................ 57
10.1.2 Min and Max registration time .................................................................................................................. 57
10.1.3 Keep-Alive Registry Time................................................................................................................................. 58
10.1.4 Default Q.................................................................................................................................................................................. 58
10.1.5 Reject Registrations across NAT............................................................................................................. 58
11 Routing ...............................................................61
11.1 Domain Administrator Settings ............................................ 61
11.1.1 Protected Destinations ......................................................................................................................................... 61
11.1.2 Sequential Forking Time.................................................................................................................................... 62
11.2 System Administrator Settings ............................................ 63
11.2.1 Max Forwards .................................................................................................................................................................... 63
11.2.2 Tel Domain ............................................................................................................................................................................ 63
11.2.3 ENUM Sufx......................................................................................................................................................................... 64
11.2.4 Call Log File.......................................................................................................................................................................... 64
11.2.5 NAT Gateway...................................................................................................................................................................... 64
11.2.6 Route REGISTER, Route Other Requests................................................................................... 64
11.2.7 No Loose Routing......................................................................................................................................................... 65
11.2.8 Don’t Always Record-Route........................................................................................................................... 65
11.3 Dial Plan .......................................................................... 66
11.3.1 How it works....................................................................................................................................................................... 66
11.3.2 Call Pickup.............................................................................................................................................................................. 67
11.3.3 Example 1: North American Dial Plan............................................................................................ 68
11.3.4 Example 2: Do not allow cell phone numbers to certain users ................. 69
11.4 Error-Information .............................................................. 69

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12 Call Hunting.........................................................71
12.1 Dening Stages................................................................. 71
12.2 Dening the Algorithm ....................................................... 72
12.3 Default Actions.................................................................. 73
13 Address Books.....................................................75
13.1 Number Guessing .............................................................. 75
13.2 Dening Address Book Groups............................................. 75
13.3 Setting Up an Address Book................................................ 76
14 Controlling ..........................................................77
14.1 Dening Rates .................................................................. 77
14.2 Dening Groups ................................................................ 78
14.3 Controlling Data ................................................................ 78
15 Message Handling ...............................................81
15.1 Store & Forward ................................................................ 81
15.2 Welcome Message ............................................................. 81
16 Status Reports.....................................................83
16.1 Registered Users ............................................................... 83
16.2 Call Logs .......................................................................... 84
16.2.1 Condition for Logging a Call ......................................................................................................................... 84
16.2.2 Call Logs in the Web Interface.................................................................................................................. 85
16.2.3 Call Attempts...................................................................................................................................................................... 86
16.3 SIP Trace.......................................................................... 86
16.4 Logs ................................................................................ 87
16.5 Unavailable Hosts .............................................................. 88
16.6 Memory Usage .................................................................. 88
17 Billing..................................................................91
17.1 CDR Generation ................................................................ 91
17.1.1 Call Log File Format.................................................................................................................................................. 91
17.1.2 XML-Based format...................................................................................................................................................... 91
17.2 RADIUS............................................................................ 92
17.2.1 Authentication and Accounting................................................................................................................. 92
17.2.2 Setup ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 93
17.2.3 RADIUS Server........................................................................................................................................................................
93
17.2.4 Security...................................................................................................................................................................................... 94

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1 Read This First
Before you start using the proxy and continue with the rest of this
manual please read the following important notes.
1.1 Software Updates
The 2.3x edition of the proxy uses the same license keys as the
previous versions. However, because of the domain concept, the license
checking algorithm had to be changed and the new proxy now checks
the hostnames directly against the found IP address. Therefore, the
list of hostnames should now include the IP address of the host. If you
have problems with this, please contact mailto:[email protected], please
include the old license information. We will give you a new license key in
this case.
The proxy keeps many of the proven concepts of the previous
versions, however introduces scripting and domains which makes it hard
for the installation process to automatically convert the conguration data
from the 2.2x proxy versions into the new version. Some of the settings
need manual update.
Therefore, if you update the proxy, we ask you to save old
conguration information for later reference. You can do this easily by
storing the web content of the relevant conguration pages to a le (the
downloading of XML-Files is described below).
You can always nd information about the changes at our web
site, http://snom.com/download/proxy-release-notes.pdf.
1.2 Additional Information
This manual does not cover all topics that are related to the
usage of the proxy. We keep a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) on
our website at http://snom.com/faq_en.php for specialized topics such as
1.

8 • Read This First
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remote management via shell script. They also contain topics that affect
other SIP components like the media server or the phones. These FAQ will
be kept up-do-date on a higher frequency than this manual.
We also keep a list of bug xes in the release notes, which is
available at the software download site at http://snom.com/down4s_
en.php. Before you make a software update, you may check this document
if the update is necessary or not.
1.

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2 Installation
2.1 Update to 2.3x from 2.2x
Versions 2.3x introduces a domain concept which is not directly
compatible to the 2.2x versions. The conguration information is stored
in a central directory, along with all other conguration information. The
previous versions used a different approach.
All conguration information is now stored in an XML-based
format in the le system. This approach makes it easier to maintain the
software across the various platforms and allows you to use standard
tools to maintain the conguration data e.g. for backup or revision control.
The XML les can be retrieved via the web interface which simplies the
support for the product across the Internet.
Although much of the interface remains the same, the software
update process cannot automatically convert the old conguration
information into the new format. Therefore, it is necessary to enter the
conguration information up again.
In case that you use an extensive dial plan, we recommend taking
a look at the scripting interface as it solves problems with the table based
dial plan. However, for simple installations you can still use the dial plan.
2.2 Choosing Ports
The proxy uses a number of ports for its communication to the
outside world. The most important port for installation and conguration
is the http port. You need this port in order to access the proxy with a web
browser.
The default http port number is 80. This is a reasonable choice in
case that you are not running any other http services on that machine or
that users want to access the machine. If you choose another port, users
2.

10 • Installation
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always have to specify the complete address including the port number.
Unfortunately, Microsoft Internet Explorer expects the complete address
including the scheme in this case (http://proxy:1234), which makes it
inconvenient to access the proxy. Therefore, if possible you should use
port 80. Otherwise, we recommend linking the proxy with the company
web site, so that users can easily access the proxy with a click and set a
bookmark.
If the port 80 is occupied by other services, you can select any
other port. If the proxy also cannot allocate your specied port, it will
try port 5068 and the following ports. However, you should avoid the
situation that the proxy selects the port.
The SIP port for the proxy should be set 5060. You can specify
also any other port; however some SIP user agents expect the proxy to
use 5060 and you can avoid trouble by using another port.
2.