Studio Technologies Dante 5422A User manual

50707-1222, Issue 3
Copyright © 2022 by Studio Technologies, Inc., all rights reserved
studio-tech.com
User Guide
Issue 3, December 2022
This User Guide is applicable for serial numbers
M5422A-01001 and later with Main Firmware 3.00 and later,
FPGA Firmware version 3.00 and later,
and STcontroller 3.10.00 and later
Model 5422A
Dante®Intercom Audio Engine

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Model 5422A User Guide Issue 3, December 2022
Studio Technologies, Inc. Page 3
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Table of Contents
Revision History......................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5
Installation.................................................................................................................................. 9
Dante Conguration...................................................................................................................12
Model 5422A Conguration .......................................................................................................14
Operation ...................................................................................................................................45
STcontroller................................................................................................................................52
Technical Notes .........................................................................................................................53
Specications.............................................................................................................................57
Appendix A–Network Conguration Examples ..........................................................................59
Appendix B–Dante Controller Network Default Conguration Values........................................62
Appendix C–Front-Panel Menu Structure..................................................................................63
Appendix D–Model 5422A Default Conguration Values...........................................................64
Appendix E–Accessing the Unit when User Name and/or Password Not Known .....................65

Issue 3, December 2022 Model 5422A User Guide
Page 4 Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Revision History
Issue 3, December 2022:
•Documents support for STcontroller software application.
•Documents updated Network and System menus.
• Miscellaneous corrections and clarications.
Issue 2, April 2022:
•Adds support for new IFB and Audio Switching group operating modes.
• Miscellaneous corrections and clarications.
Issue 1, September 2021:
•Initial release.

Model 5422A User Guide Issue 3, December 2022
Studio Technologies, Inc. Page 5
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Introduction
The Model 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine is a
high-performance, cost-e󰀨ective, and exible solution
for creating party-line (PL) intercom circuits when used
with Dante®-compatible products. These include the
Studio Technologies’ range of 1-, 2-, and 4-channel
intercom beltpacks. The Model 5422A will also prove
value in a variety of other general audio and broad-
cast-related mixing, IFB (talent cuing), and interfacing
applications. The unit is suitable for use in xed and
mobile broadcast facilities, post-production studios,
commercial and educational theater environments,
and entertainment applications. Only power and
Ethernet network connections are required for the Mod-
el 5422A to provide a powerful resource in a variety of
Dante applications. The Model 5422A is available in
two versions — one with 32 input and output channels
and the other with 64 input and output channels.
The Model 5422A provides three Gigabit Ethernet
(GigE) network interfaces, two which can support
redundant Dante operation and a third for accessing
the management menu system. To meet the latest
interoperability standard the unit’s Dante implemen-
tation meets the requirements of AES67. Support for
the Dante Domain Manager™ (DDM) software appli-
cation is also provided. An integral web server allows
fast and flexible configuration of the unit’s audio,
networking, and Dante performance. Front-panel
indicators, a graphics display, and pushbutton switches
provide personnel with direct access to key operating
parameters. Using the STcontroller software applica-
tion, key operating parameters can be monitored in real
time. In addition, STcontroller allows direct access to
the Model 5422A’s management webpages.
The Model 5422A can be powered by 100-240 V, 50/60
Hz mains or a source of 12 volts DC. The lightweight
enclosure mounts in one space (1U) of a standard
19-inch rack.
Applications
The Model 5422A is compatible with many Dante-
compliant devices including the extensive range of
intercom beltpacks from Studio Technologies. These
include the single-channel/dual-listen Model 372A and
Model 373A, the 2-channel Model 370A and Model
371A, and the 4-channel Model 374A. The Model
5422A will also function directly with other Dante-
supporting devices such as the Model 348 Intercom
Station, Model 5304 Intercom Station, and Model 391
Dante Alerting Unit. In addition, the Model 5422A can
function with matrix intercom systems, audio consoles,
and wireless intercom base stations.
Pro Audio Quality and Auto Mix
The Model 5422A supports 48 kHz sampling rate digital
audio signals that interface using Dante. The unit’s
audio circuitry was designed to meet the demands
of professional audio applications, far exceeding the
sonic quality of “typical” intercom products. A bit depth
of up to 32 is supported and all audio processing is per-
formed using high-speed 32-bit programmable logic.
This ensures that the audio performance is excellent,
providing the expected benets of minimal distortion,
low noise, high headroom, at frequency response,
and extremely low latency.
The Model 5422A’s Auto Mix function utilizes a sophis-
ticated FPGA-based algorithm to provide enhanced
audio intelligibility. This feature is unique to party-line
(PL) intercom applications and offers users the
Figure 1. Model 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine front and back views (back panel typical for
Model 5422A-02)

Issue 3, December 2022 Model 5422A User Guide
Page 6 Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
opportunity to obtain the absolutely nest audio per-
formance. Studio Technologies is condent that the
Model 5422A’s Auto Mix capability will meet or exceed
the automatic mixer performance of virtually all other
hardware- or software-based devices.
Two Versions
Two versions of the Model 5422A are available.
The Model 5422A-01 provides one 32-channel audio
engine. The Model 5422A-02 provides two 32-channel
audio engines for a total of 64 input and output chan-
nels. The size and scope of a specic application will
dictate which Model 5422A version is applicable. The
term “audio engine” was selected to describe a set of
audio input, processing, routing, and output resources
that can be congured to support specic intercom,
talent-cueing, and audio routing and control functions.
Unlike general-purpose digital matrix devices, the Mod-
el 5422A is optimized to allow direct support for these
special broadcast and general-intercom applications.
Group Conguration
Configuration choices select how each 32-channel
audio engine is segmented, labeled (named), and
optimized for how the associated audio signals are
processed.
Group Size
The ability to segment a 32-channel audio engine
into multiple groups allows e󰀩cient use of the Model
5422A’s Dante channels. As all Dante intercom belt-
packs are essentially 4-wire devices (having indepen-
dent receiver (input) and transmitter (output) channels)
“virtual” (simulated) party-line functionality must be
created within the Model 5422A’s audio engine(s).
This requires that the maximum number of participants
(users) on any one “party-line” be dened.
The 32 channels o󰀨ered by an audio engine can be
congured into what are called groups. Simple congu-
ration choices in the Model 5422A’s menu pages allow
the number of groups and their sizes to be selected.
Groups can range in size from 32 channels (a complete
audio engine being used for a single group) to having
just four channels. The size of a group will dictate how
many devices and associated users can be part of any
one party-line or how many channels will be impacted
by a processing setting for a specic group. Ten choic-
es allow a wide range of group congurations to be
selected. The default setting for each audio engine is
to have four 8-channel groups. This leads to the Model
5422A-01 having four 8-channel groups and the Model
5422A-02 having eight 8-channel groups. Refer to the
Specications section for a detailed list of the group
sizes that are available.
Group Labels
Each group can be assigned a unique label. These
labels would typically reect how the specic groups
are going to be utilized. Labels such as Camera PL,
Lighting, Pyro, or Engineering would be typically
used in broadcast- or live-event-oriented intercom
applications. The congured labels are automatically
used by the Model 5422A’s Dante Interface, providing
clarity when routing Dante channels using applications
such as Dante Controller. Each group label can be a
combination of up to 14 alpha or numeric characters.
Channel numbers are automatically appended to the
entered labels to provide identication of the specic
channels within the Dante environment. A label of up
to 12 additional characters can also be added to each
specic channel, providing further details about an
application.
Group Operating Modes
While the primary application for the Model 5422A is
to create party-line (PL) intercom circuits, each group
can be independently configured from among nine
operating modes: Party-Line w/Auto Mix, Party-Line,
Summing Bus w/Auto Mix, Summing Bus, Pass-Thru,
IFB (1 Int-in), IFB (3 Int-in), Audio Switching (1-in/
2-out), and Audio Switching (2-in/1-out).
Party-Line
When a group is congured for Party-Line w/Auto Mix
or Party-Line operating mode the Model 5422A’s audio
processing circuitry creates a series of independent
“mix-minus” outputs, one for each channel in the group.
These specialized outputs allow each intercom user
assigned to that specic group (a “party-line”) to hear
all members of that group except for themselves. (This
is the origin of the term mix-minus and indicates a mix
of all sources but themselves.) By each user receiv-
ing a mix-minus signal precise control of each user’s
sidetone audio level and overall audio quality can be
maintained. The Party-Line w/Auto Mix operating mode
o󰀨ers Model 5422A users a level of audio performance
that is unique among intercom applications.

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Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Summing Bus
When a group is configured for Summing Bus w/
Auto Mix or Summing Bus operating mode audio
sources assigned to the group’s input channels are
mixed (summed or combined). The resulting mix is
routed to all the output channels associated with that
group. While essentially providing a “unity gain” mixer
function, using the Model 5422A’s web menu pages
allows the level of each input and output channel can
be adjusted over a ±20 dB range. The summing bus
operating mode can be useful for general-purpose
audio mixing applications where multiple Dante chan-
nels need to be combined. When the Summing Bus
w/Auto Mix operating mode is selected it may allow a
Model 5422A to be useful in applications well beyond
broadcast intercom. This will allow a Model 5422A to be
useful in applications well beyond broadcast intercom.
This may prove especially useful in audio applications
that require combining many voice sources. Press
conferences, sports interview configurations, and
government meeting situations may all benet from
this capability.
Pass-Thru
Each group can be independently configured for
a unique operating mode called Pass-Thru. This im-
plements an audio function that routes each Dante
receiver (input) channel directly to an associated Dante
transmitter (output) channel. This simple but sophisti-
cated function will allow any Dante signal to utilize the
Model 5422A’s capability to support up to 32 Dante
ows. This can be useful as a “ow expander” when
used in an application that includes Dante-compatible
products that utilize Audinate’s Ultimo™ integrated
circuit. (Many products from Studio Technologies use
Ultimo.) While an excellent cost-e󰀨ective means of
implementing Dante, using Ultimo has several limita-
tions. The rst is its ability to support only two Dante
transmitter (output) and two Dante receiver (input)
ows. Routing Dante signals through Model 5422A
pass-thru channels can facilitate integration with
applications that require additional ows.
Pass-thru can also be used as a simple means
of adjusting the level of one or more Dante signals.
Using the Model 5422A’s web menu pages, the level
of each input and output channel can be independently
adjusted over a ±20 dB range. With the unit’s ability to
support AES67 and the Dante Domain Manager (DDM)
application, many specialized interfacing tasks can be
accomplished.
IFB
Two IFB operating modes are included to support the
needs of applications that require talent cue audio. IFB
audio can be required in situations where production
personnel and on-air talent are physically located in the
same area. Alternately, the Model 5422A can also be
used in situations that utilize the Remote Integration
(REMI) or At-Home model where production person-
nel are located physically apart from on-air talent.
“Interruptible foldback” (IFB) talent cue signals, each
typically created from a program audio source and
one or more voice-only interrupt sources, are critical
for supporting the needs of on-air personnel. Creating
these can be a challenge, especially in a REMI en-
vironment. However, by utilizing the Model 5422A’s
IFB capability this can become a simple matter. The
IFB (1 Int-in) mode uses two Dante input channels
(program audio and interrupt audio) and provides two
Dante output channels (program with interrupt and
program-only). The IFB (3 Int-in) function is similar
except allows connection of up to three independent
interrupt audio sources. This latter mode supports
applications where up to three separate “talk” devices
need to be supported. An example of an applicable
device would be the Model 348 Intercom Station. Three
of these units could be directly utilized with the Model
5422A’s IFB (3 Int-in) mode.
The Model 5422A’s IFB functionality is implemented
such that professional-grade talent cue (IFB) signals
can be created entirely within the Dante domain. This
allows support for both “local” and REMI/At-Home
applications without the need for matrix intercom sys-
tems or extensive hardware. Compatibility is provided
with many other products from Studio Technologies,
including the Model 348 Intercom Station, Model 354
Talk Station, and various announcer’s console models.
Conguration choices allow the presence of interrupt
audio to be recognized either by voice-operated (VOX)
or tone-operated (TOX) detection algorithms. Each
will allow creation of excellent talent cueing“feeds.”
However, TOX provides a unique operating scenario
where interrupt audio is combined with a high-frequen-
cy (typically 18 kHz) audio tone. The high-frequency
tone serves as the interrupt “trigger” source and can
reliably control the on/off state of an IFB function.

Issue 3, December 2022 Model 5422A User Guide
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Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Whether within a facility or used “around the world,”
TOX should provide excellent IFB performance. With
this capability, an IFB-activation signal provided by way
of a separate data path or other “trigger” signal won’t
be required for a fully “pro” IFB signal to be created.
Complete interrupt audio will always be presented to
the user; the beginning portion of a voice audio signal
won’t ever be “cut o󰀨” as can happen when VOX is
utilized.
During interrupt activity the program audio can be
attenuated (or fully muted) following a congurable
parameter. For sports broadcast applications it’s usual
for the program audio to be attenuated rather than fully
muted during interrupt activity. (For this application,
15 dB would be a typical level reduction.) On-air news
applications will typically fully mute program audio
during interrupt activity. This helps to ensure that
important “cue” audio will always clearly reach on-air
talent. For other specialized cueing applications, such
as audio-for-picture Foley environments, the level of
the program audio would not change, no matter the
interrupt state. Another congurable parameter works
in conjunction with the voice-operated (VOX) function
and allows the minimum interrupt active time to be
selected. This helps to ensure optimal IFB operation,
limiting the chance that VOX detection will incorrectly
turn o󰀨 during inter-word pauses in interrupt audio.
Interrupt speech cadence can vary greatly depending
on the application, language, and specic production
personnel. This parameter helps match the interrupt
sources with VOX-triggered IFB functions.
A Model 5422A can have as few as two independent
IFB (1 Int-in) functions by selecting a 4-channel group.
A single IFB (3 Int-in) function can be implemented with
one 4-channel group. Selecting a 32-channel group
can provide 16 independent IFB (1 Int-in) or eight
IFB (3 Int-in) functions. As expected, using a Model
5422A-02 allows the creation of up to 32 IFB (1 Int-in)
or 16 IFB (3 Int-in) functions.
Audio Switching
The Model 5422A provides two Audio Switching
modes. The first mode allows one Dante receiver
(input) to be routed to either of two Dante transmitter
(output) channels. The second mode allows two Dante
receiver (input) channels to be routed, one at a time,
to a single Dante transmitter (output) channel. Con-
trol of the audio switching modes is performed using
a high-frequency audio tone. This control method is
similar to that utilized by the IFB tone-operated (TOX)
detection function. However, a major di󰀨erence is that
the high-frequency (nominally 18 kHz) audio control
signal for the Audio Switching modes is connected
to the Model 5422A using a separate Dante receiver
(input) channel. This ensures full isolation between the
input and output audio paths and the high-frequency
control signal. The nominal 18 kHz audio control source
will never be part of audio input or output signals that
are being switched; full audio bandwidth will be main-
tained without interference from the control signal.
The audio switching action is always performed with no
clicks, “pops,” or other audio artifacts added; full audio
delity is preserved. The Audio Switching functions
can nd use in a wide range of applications. There’s
no reason why an audio signal can’t be controlled for
broadcast applications with a control signal originating
at a separate location. Devices such as the Studio
Technologies’ Model 348 Intercom Station can gen-
erate compatible audio control tones. Multiple Audio
Switching functions can also be easily configured
to allow support for multi-channel applications. For
example, a single control tone could be used to control
audio signals passing through to 8-, 16-, 24-, or even
32-channel loudspeaker playback systems.
Using the Audio Switching (1-in/2-out) mode, an audio
source is routed (subscribed) to a single Dante re-
ceiver (input) channel. When an active control signal
is not present, the input signal is sent to the Normally
On Dante transmitter (output) channel. When the
tone-detection resource recognizes the presence of a
high-frequency control signal the audio input source is
muted on the Normally On Dante transmitter (output)
channel and is actively routed to the Normally Off
Dante transmitter (output) channel. When a high-
frequency control tone is no longer present the switch-
ing action reverses.
When using the Audio Switching (2-in/1-out) mode, one
audio source is routed (subscribed) to Dante receiver
(input) channel 1 and another audio source is routed
(subscribed) to Dante receiver (input) channel 2. When
an active control signal is not present, audio input 1 is
sent to the Dante transmitter (output) channel. When
the tone-detection resource recognizes the presence of
a high-frequency control signal, audio input 2 is routed
to the Dante transmitter (output) channel; audio input

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Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
1 no longer is routed to the output. When the high-
frequency control tone is no longer present the switch-
ing action reverses.
Channel Level Adjustment and
Labeling
The nominal level of each Dante receiver (input)
channel and Dante transmitter (output) channel can
be individually adjusted. This would apply to the 32
channels associated with the Model 5422A-01 and the
64 channels with the Model 5422A-02. The adjustment
range is ±20 dB in 1-dB steps. This capability can be
useful when using a Model 5422A to interface various
pieces of equipment that may have di󰀨erent internal
operating levels.
The Model 5422A includes extensive capabilities to
allow the labeling (naming) of Dante audio channels.
This can help ensure that the specic conguration
selected for a Model 5422A can be understood by other
technical personnel. In this way, changes to channel
labels won’t require the use of the Dante Controller
application although the labeling conventions are, of
course, fully compatible.
Flexible Networking Capability
Using the Dante Controller application program, the
Model 5422A’s three Gigabit Ethernet ports can be
selected to operate in one of four modes: Switched,
Redundant, Switched+Mgmt, and Redundant+Mgmt.
This should allow virtually any desired networking
implementation to be easily achieved.
In the Switched mode a single Ethernet connection to
either of the Model 5422A’s two Dante Ethernet ports
will provide connectivity to the associated Dante net-
work. The remaining Dante Ethernet port will provide
Dante network “loop-through” capability and can be
used to interface with another piece of Ethernet-con-
nected equipment. The management Ethernet port will
be used to access the Model 5422A’s monitoring and
conguration webpages.
In the Redundant mode two independent Ethernet
connections are made to the Model 5422A’s two Dante
Ethernet ports, enabling Dante’s redundant network-
ing capability. Again, the management Ethernet port
will be used to access the Model 5422A’s monitoring
and configuration webpages. Using either of these
network modes allows separate network connections
to be maintained for Dante audio and management
purposes.
In the Switched+Mgmt mode a single Ethernet connec-
tion is used for both Dante audio functionality as well
as providing access to the Model 5422A’s manage-
ment webpages. The remaining Dante Ethernet port
will provide network “loop-through” capability and can
be used to interface with another piece of Ethernet-
connected equipment.
In the Redundant+Mgmt mode two Ethernet connec-
tions can be made to the Model 5422A’s two Dante
Ethernet ports. This will allow independent audio net-
working capability for redundant Dante applications.
Access to the Model 5422A’s management webpages
will be made by way of the Ethernet connection made
to the primary Dante Ethernet port.
Operating Power
The Model 5422A allows an AC mains source of 100-
240 V, 50/60 Hz to be directly connected. It can also
be powered using a 10-18 volts DC source that is con-
nected via a broadcast-standard 4-pin XLR connector.
If both AC and DC power sources are connected to a
Model 5422A, the unit will be powered by the AC mains
supply. Only if the AC mains source fails will a load be
placed on the DC source. This allows a source of DC,
typically a battery pack, to serve in a backup capacity.
With this arrangement normal operation can continue
even if AC mains power is lost.
Updating and Future Capabilities
The Model 5422A was designed so that its capabilities
can be enhanced in the future. A USB connector, locat-
ed on the unit’s back panel, allows the Main and FPGA
rmware (embedded software) to be updated using a
USB ash drive. The Model 5422A uses Audinate’s
Brooklyn module to implement Dante. The rmware
in this module can easily be updated using the Dante
Updater application that is included with the Dante
Controller application. All software les and congu-
ration parameters are stored in non-volatile memory.
Installation
In this section, the Model 5422A will be mounted in
one space (1U) of an equipment rack. Up to three
Ethernet data connections will be made using standard
RJ45 patch cables. AC mains and/or DC power will
be connected to the Model 5422A. AC mains power

Issue 3, December 2022 Model 5422A User Guide
Page 10 Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
can be connected by means of a detachable cord that
is compatible with the unit’s 3-pin IEC 320 C14 inlet
connector. Some applications may warrant connection
to a source of nominal 12 volts DC which can be made
by way of a 4-pin XLR connector. A DC source can be
used to power the Model 5422A as well as serving as a
backup power source should AC mains not be present.
What’s Included
The shipping carton contains a Model 5422A Dante
Leader Clock and instructions on how to obtain an elec-
tronic copy of this guide. Also included in the shipping
carton is a North-American-standard AC mains cord.
For destinations outside of North America the local
reseller or distributor should provide an appropriate
AC mains cord.
Mounting the Model 5422A
The Model 5422A Dante Leader Clock requires one
space (1U) in a standard 19-inch (48.3 cm) equipment
rack. Secure the unit into the designated equipment
rack using two mounting screws per side. As the Model
5422A does not contain a fan or other noise-producing
source it can be located within a room or other structure
where audio monitoring is going to take place.
Twisted-pair (UTC) Ethernet has a 100-meter (325-
foot) interconnection cable limitation. But that can
be overcome by using fiber-optic interconnections
between the Model 5422A and the Ethernet switch
or switches in the one or more associated local-
area-networks (LANs).
Ethernet Connections
The Model 5422A provides three Gigabit Ethernet
(GigE) ports for exibility and compatibility with many
networking implementations. Two ports are provided
for interconnections with one or two local area networks
(LANs) associated with Dante audio-over-IP networking
schemes. They are labeled as PRI (primary) and SEC
(secondary). The third Ethernet port, labeled MGMT,
can be used to access the Model 5422A management
resources. An internal web server function supports the
Model 5422A’s management port’s webpages. These
webpages are used for configuration, monitoring,
and maintenance of Model 5422A operation. Refer to
Figure 2 for an overview of the Model 5422A’s three
Ethernet ports and how they can operate.
Using the Dante Controller application, the three
Ethernet ports can be congured to operate in one of
four modes: Switched, Redundant, Switched+Mgmt, or
Redundant+Mgmt. If congured for either the Switched
or Redundant modes the management webpages are
accessed by way of the management Ethernet port.
When congured for the Switched+Mgmt mode the
management webpages are accessed by way of either
the primary or secondary Ethernet port. When cong-
ured for the Redundant+Mgmt mode the management
webpages are accessed using an Ethernet connection
made to the primary Ethernet port.
By providing three Ethernet ports and four conguration
modes, the Model 5422A allows support for virtually
all facilities, including those that utilize separate
networks for Dante audio transport and equipment
management. In this way, “production” networks that
support transport of audio signals by way of a single
LAN (Switched mode) or two LANs (Redundant mode)
can be separate from an engineering network that is
used by technical personnel for conguring and main-
taining a facility or “plant.”
Connections to the three Ethernet interfaces are made
by way of standard RJ45 jacks that are located on the
back of the Model 5422A’s enclosure. The Ethernet
interfaces support auto MDI/MDI-X so that cross-
over cables are not required. Refer to Appendix A for
examples of how the Model 5422A’s three Ethernet
interfaces might be utilized. This topic is also covered
in detail in the Dante Conguration section. It’s di󰀩cult
Dante Controller Network Model 5422A Ethernet Port
Switch Conguration Pri Sec Mgmt
Switched Dante Management
Redundant Dante Primary Dante Secondary Management
Switched+Mgmt Dante and Management Disabled
Redundant+Mgmt Dante Primary and Management Dante Secondary Disabled
Figure 2. Model 5422A Ethernet Port Conguration and Operation

Model 5422A User Guide Issue 3, December 2022
Studio Technologies, Inc. Page 11
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
to conceive of a network environment that the unit
wouldn’t be able to e󰀨ectively support.
Dante Port Connections
At least one 1000BASE-T (GigE) Ethernet connection
is required for Model 5422A Dante operation. It should
be connected to the primary RJ45 jack. A second
1000BASE-T (GigE) connection can be made to the
secondary RJ45 jack if Redundant Dante is desired.
For this functionality to be active the Model 5422A’s
network conguration must be set for the Redundant
or Redundant+Mgmt mode within the Dante Controller
software application. While technically 100BASE-TX
(100 Mb/s) Ethernet can also be used for these Dante
connections, it is not optimal. Additionally, it’s important
to note that 10BASE-T (10 Mb/s) Ethernet connections
are not su󰀩cient.
When congured in Dante Controller for the Switched
or Switched+Mgmt modes the Model 5422A’s Dante
secondary Ethernet connection can also be used as a
“loop through” port such as would be provided by an
Ethernet switch. Using the Dante secondary port in this
manner for applications other than troubleshooting or
“looping” to access the Model 5422A’s management
port is not recommended. It will function reliably but
“daisy chaining” Ethernet signals can limit exibility
and present a failure point; it’s optimal if each Dante
Ethernet interface connects directly to a separate port
on an Ethernet switch.
Management Port Connection
If required by the needs of an application, the manage-
ment webpages can be accessed using an Ethernet
signal connected to the Model 5422A’s management
Ethernet port. This requires that the network mode in
Dante Controller be congured for Switched or Redun-
dant. It’s recommended that a 1000BASE-T (GigE)
connection be made but a 100BASE-TX (100 Mb/s)
connection is su󰀩cient. (GigE will provide the best
performance and it’s assumed that all contemporary
applications will support it.)
Access to the Model 5422A’s management webpages
can also be obtained using the same network con-
nection or connections that are being used for Dante
audio. This requires that the network mode in Dante
Controller be congured for Switched+Mgmt or Re-
dundant+Mgmt. Appendix A provides example of how
these network scenarios can easily be implemented.
Connecting Power
The Model 5422A requires a source of AC mains or
nominal 12 volts DC for operation. Either source can
be connected with the same result. Both can also be
simultaneously connected if a redundant (backup)
power scheme is desired.
Connecting AC Mains Power
The Model 5422A can operate directly from AC mains
power of 100 to 240 volts, 50/60 Hz, 5 watts maxi-
mum. As a “universal mains input” device there are no
switches to set or jumpers to install. A 3-pin IEC 320
C14 inlet connector on the back panel mates with a
detachable mains cord set.
All units are supplied from the factory with an AC
mains cord that has a North-American (NEMA 5-15L)
standard plug on one end and an IEC 320 C13 con-
nector on the other end. Units intended for use in other
destinations require that an appropriate mains cord
be obtained. The wire colors in the mains cord should
conform to the internationally recognized color code
and be terminated accordingly:
Connection Wire Color
Neutral (N) Light Blue
Line (L) Brown
Earth/Ground (E) Green/Yellow
Because the Model 5422A does not contain a power
on/off switch it will begin operation as soon as AC
mains power is connected.
Safety Warning: The Model 5422A does not con-
tain an AC mains disconnect switch. As such, the
AC mains cord plug serves as the disconnection
device. Safety considerations require that the plug
and associated inlet be easily accessible to allow
rapid disconnection of AC mains power should it
prove necessary.
Connecting DC Power
The Model 5422A can also operate from a source
of 10 to 18 volts DC. The current required from a 12
volts DC source is 0.5 ampere (500 milliamperes)
maximum. A 4-pin male XLR connector, located on the
unit’s back panel, is used to connect the source of DC.
Prepare a mating connector (female) so that pin 1 is
DC– and pin 4 is DC+. Pins 2 and 3 are not used and
should remain unconnected. This connector type and

Issue 3, December 2022 Model 5422A User Guide
Page 12 Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
pinout have become a broadcast DC power standard
and should be familiar to many technical personnel.
Because the Model 5422A contains no power on/o󰀨
switch it will begin operation as soon as a DC power
source is connected.
As previously mentioned, both an AC mains source
and a DC source can be connected at the same time.
If this is the implementation then the AC mains source
will always power the Model 5422A with the DC source
serving as a “hot standby.” Only if the AC source fails
will the unit draw power from the DC source. This will
occur automatically with no interruption of Model 5422A
operation. In this “standby” mode (when an AC mains
source is connected) the Model 5422A draws less than
110 microamperes (uA) from a 12 volts DC input.
Dante Conguration
For audio signals to pass to and from the Model 5422A
requires that a number of Dante-related parameters be
congured. These conguration settings are stored in
non-volatile memory within the Model 5422A’s Dante
network interface circuitry. Conguration will typically
be done with the Dante Controller software application,
available for download free of charge at audinate.com.
Versions of Dante Controller are available to support
several operating systems. Refer to Appendix B for a
list of the Model 5422A conguration default values
that are associated with Dante Controller.
The Model 5422A’s Dante interface is compatible with
the Dante Domain Manager (DDM) software appli-
cation. Refer to DDM documentation, available from
Audinate, for details on which Model 5422A parameters
may need to be congured.
Audio Routing
As previously discussed, the Model 5422A is available
in two versions. The Model 5422A-01 has 32 Dante
audio input and 32 Dante audio output channels. The
Model 5422A-02 has 64 Dante audio input and 64
Dante audio output channels. The latter is organized
into two 32-channel groups.
Some or all of the Model 5422A-01’s 32 Dante receiver
(input) channels will be routed (Dante subscribed) to
Dante transmitter (output) channels on associated
equipment. Some or all of the Model 5422A-01’s 32
Dante transmitter (output) channels will be routed to
the Dante receiver (input) channels on associated
equipment. These routes (Dante subscriptions) will
connect signals from related Dante devices to and
from the Model 5422A’s audio processing resourc-
es. Extensive conguration choices allow the Model
5422A’s audio channels to be organized into various
group sizes. Each group can be congured for how
it will function. For example, Dante beltpacks can be
routed to inputs and outputs on a Model 5422A-01
group to create one or more “virtual” party-line circuits.
Details regarding conguring groups sizes and group
functions are covered in later sections.
As the Model 5422A-02 supports a total of 64 chan-
nels (two groups of 32-channels each) the amount of
audio channel routing required can be up to twice that
of a Model 5422A-01. Since there are 64 input and 64
output audio channels up to 128 routes (Dante sub-
scriptions) may need to be established. The reason that
all the channels associated with a Model 5422A may
not need to be routed is simple. Most applications will
be designed to have unused (“spare”) channels that
will allow future expansion and resource re-allocation.
Both versions of the Model 5422A use a Brooklyn
module to implement their Dante functionality. The
number of transmitter ows associated with this mod-
ule is 32 and, as such, no ow limitation will typically
occur. These ows can either be unicast, multicast, or
a combination of the two. Note, however, that when
AES67 mode is enabled in Dante Controller the Dante
transmitter (output) channels will only function in mul-
ticast; unicast is not supported.
Unit Name and Channel Labels
The Model 5422A has a default Dante device name of
ST-5422A- along with a unique su󰀩x. The su󰀩x identi-
es the specic Model 5422A that is being congured.
The su󰀩x’s actual alpha and/or numeric characters re-
late to the MAC address of the unit’s Brooklyn module.
The default labels (names) of the Dante receiver (input)
and Dante transmitter (output) audio output channels
will depend on the operating mode conguration of
the selected groups. For most operating modes it’s
preferred that the label for a receiver (input) and
a transmitter (output) be identical. (In most cases, an
input has a corresponding output.) For user or appli-
cation clarity, these labels can be revised using either
the Dante Controller application or by way of Model
5422A conguration webpages. Editing channel labels

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Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
using Dante Controller requires separate entries for
Dante receiver (input) and Dante transmitter (output)
channels. This can be e󰀨ective but tedious, requiring
care to ensure that, when appropriate, channel “pairs”
are labeled in a similar fashion. Using the “smart” chan-
nel labeling capability provided by the Model 5422A’s
webpage function is highly recommended. This method
allows a single entry to select the label for both the
receiver (input) and transmitter (output) channels.
Refer to the Model 5422A Configuration section or
details regarding “smart” channel labeling.
Device Conguration
The Model 5422A only supports an audio sample rate
48 kHz with no pull-up/down options available. The dig-
ital audio data is in the form of pulse-code modulation
(PCM) samples. A bit depth of up to 32 can be sup-
ported. Clocking and Device Latency can be adjusted
if required but the default values are typically correct.
Encoding choices are PCM 16, PCM 24, and PCM 32.
Network Conguration – Dante
As has been covered previously in the Installation sec-
tion, the Model 5422A allows connection of one, two, or
three Ethernet signals using standard RJ45 jacks which
are located on the unit’s back panel. Useful information
is also provided in Appendix A, which provides graphic
views of how the RJ45 jacks can be utilized.
In many applications, two of the jacks will be used for
Dante audio and the third for connecting to a network
designated for device management purposes. It’s
also possible to access the Model 5422A’s manage-
ment webpages using the Dante Ethernet ports. The
Model 5422A’s Dante ports are labeled PRI and SEC
indicating that they are typically used for the primary
and secondary connections. The third Ethernet port
is labeled MGMT, indicating that it is intended for use
accessing the management webpages. The function-
ing of these three Ethernet ports can be selected in
the Network Cong – Switch Conguration section of
Dante Controller. Choices are: Switched, Redundant,
Switched+Mgmt, and Redundant+Mgmt.
If the Switched mode is selected, the Model 5422A can
establish one Dante audio connection with an Ethernet
network. It doesn’t matter which RJ45 jack is utilized,
PRI or SEC, although for clarity this would typically
be the primary (PRI) jack. The secondary (SEC) RJ45
jack can be used to interconnect with another piece
of networked equipment. The management (MGMT)
Ethernet port will be used to access the management
webpages.
If the Model 5422A’s Dante network is congured for
the Switched mode ensure that only one of the two
Dante RJ45 jacks (PRI or SEC) on the back panel is
connected to the LAN associated with the Dante net-
work. If both of the Model 5422A’s Dante RJ45 jacks
are routed to ports on the same LAN this will typically
“crash” the network! (Although some of the latest/
most-advanced Ethernet switches will automatically
detect and prevent such a “network bridging” issue
from occurring.)
If the Switched+Mgmt mode is selected, the same
issues as discussed in the previous two paragraphs
would again apply. The only difference is that the
management webpages would be accessed using the
same Dante Ethernet port that is being used to access
the Dante network. The management (MGMT) Ether-
net port will be disabled.
If the Redundant mode is selected, the Dante’s
Redundant networking capability will be enabled. In this
case, separate Ethernet LAN connections should be
made to the Dante primary (PRI) and Dante secondary
(SEC) RJ45 jacks. Again, the Model 5422A’s separate
management (MGMT) Ethernet port will be used to
access the management webpages.
If the Redundant+Mgmt mode is selected in Dante
Controller, the network connection made to the Dante
primary (PRI) Ethernet port will also be used to ac-
cess the management webpages. The Model 5422A’s
separate management (MGMT) port will be disabled.
IP Addresses
When a Model 5422A has been congured for either
the Switched or Switched+Mgmt network mode a
single Dante IP address will be associated with the
network connection that is made to either the Dante
primary (PRI) or the Dante secondary (SEC) RJ45 jack.
If the network conguration has been selected for the
Redundant or Redundant+Mgmt mode then separate
IP addresses and related network parameters will be
assigned to the Dante primary (PRI) and Dante sec-
ondary (SEC) Ethernet ports. No matter what network
mode has been selected the Model 5422A will always
have a separate management IP address.

Issue 3, December 2022 Model 5422A User Guide
Page 14 Studio Technologies, Inc.
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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Typically, the Model 5422A’s Dante IP address or
addresses and related network parameters will be
determined automatically using DHCP or, if that’s not
available, the link-local network protocol. If desired,
the Dante Controller application does allow Dante IP
addresses and related network parameters to be man-
ually set to a xed (static) conguration. While this is
a more-involved process than simply letting DHCP or
link-local “do their thing,” if xed addressing is neces-
sary then this capability is available.
Note that if the Model 5422A’s network conguration
has been set for the Redundant or Redundant+Mgmt
mode, the Dante primary and Dante secondary IP ad-
dresses and related parameters can be independently
congured. This allows both Dante interfaces to be
congured automatically, both interfaces to be con-
gured manually, or one interface to be congured
automatically and the other to be congured manually.
By default, the Model 5422A’s management IP address
and related network parameters will be determined
automatically using DHCP or link-local. A congura-
tion option, accessible using front-panel menus (by
way of the display and associated buttons) or the
management webpages, allows manual control of the
management IP address, subnet mask, and gateway
address values.
AES67 Conguration – AES67
Mode
Dante Controller allows a Model 5422A to be cong-
ured for AES67 operation. This requires the AES67
mode to be set for Enabled. As previously, if AES67
mode is enabled then all the Dante transmitter (out-
put) channels will use multicast; unicast will not be
supported.
Model 5422A Clocking Source
While technically the Model 5422A can serve as a
Leader clock for a Dante network (as can all Dante-
enabled devices) in most cases, the unit will be con-
gured to receive its timing reference (“sync”) from
another Dante device. As such, the check box for
Preferred Leader that is associated with the Model
5422A would typically not be enabled.
Model 5422A Conguration
Many Model 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine
operating parameters are congured using the man-
agement system’s webpages that are provided by way
of one of the unit’s Ethernet ports. The specic port
utilized for accessing the management system will
depend on the network conguration that is selected
using the Dante Controller application. A standard
web browser is all that is required to utilize the menu
webpages.
The manner in which the Model 5422A handles audio
signals is congured using the webpages. Parameters
for the network settings and user access are also han-
dled using the management system and associated
webpages. In addition, a number of display-only elds
show key operating parameters.
Several key network configuration parameters can
also be viewed and revised using the Model 5422A’s
front-panel graphics display and associated push-
button switches. Refer to Appendix C for details on
which parameters can be revised in this manner.
Management IP Address
It’s easy to identify the Model 5422A’s management IP
address by way of the front-panel display. If the screen
saver function is active, as it will be in most situations,
one of the three pages that will automatically display
will show the current management IP address. As
such, a user can simply observe the sequencing menu
pages and watch for the one that shows the current
management IP address. If it’s desired that the current
management IP address be continuously shown then
the Enter pushbutton switch on the front panel should
be pressed. This will stop the screen saver function
and cause the current management IP address to be
shown. It will also allow the various menu pages to
be accessed using the up, down, left, and right push-
button switches. Simultaneously pressing the left and
right arrow buttons will cause the screen saver mode
to begin again. The screen saver mode will also auto-
matically start two minutes after the last press of any
of the front-panel pushbutton switches.
How the management Ethernet port obtains its IP ad-
dress will depend on a management interface cong-
uration setting. The default method is automatic so the
Model 5422A’s management port will rst try to obtain

Model 5422A User Guide Issue 3, December 2022
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Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
an IP address using DHCP. If that is not successful an
IP address will be assigned using the link-local proto-
col. An address of 169.254.x.x will indicate that an IPv4
address was established using link-local. The Model
5422A may also have been congured to use a manual
(xed or static) IP address. The front-panel display
and associated pushbuttons, or the Model 5422A’s
management webpages, can be used to review and/
or make changes to the management IP address and
related parameters.

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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Accessing the Management Webpages
To access the Model 5422A’s home webpage, type the unit’s management IP address into a browser’s search bar.
(It’s possible that some browsers may require including the text http:// followed by the IP address.) Alternately,
the STcontroller software application can lead a user directly to the management webpages. This is described
in a later section. Of course, the computer associated with the browser must be on the same LAN and subnet
as the Model 5422A’s management port connection.
Home Menu
Once the Model 5422A menu system has been accessed a webpage will appear that has both a Home and
Login tab across the top. A line of greeting text will be shown along with a link to the Model 5422A section in the
Studio Technologies website.

Model 5422A User Guide Issue 3, December 2022
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Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Login Menu
Click on the Login tab to access the Login webpage. Entry of a valid user name and password is now
required to access the conguration and status menus. The Model 5422A doesn’t incorporate a sophisticated
security implementation. Requiring a user name and password, as well as the underlying software, is intended
to keep “honest” people from making unauthorized changes to the conguration of the Model 5422A. It is not
intended as a rigorous security system.
Should the applicable user name and/or password be misplaced, refer to the Technical Notes section and/or
Appendix E for a recovery method.
User Name: Enter the Model 5422A’s user name into
this eld. It is case sensitive. The default user name
is guest. If both the default user name and the default
password are active then the default user name will
be shown in this eld.
Password: Enter the Model 5422A’s password into
this eld. It is case sensitive. The default password is
guest. If both the default user name and the default
password are active then the default password will be
shown in this eld.
Log In Button: Click on the Log In button to submit the
entered user name and password. If the correct entries
have been made then a Home webpage that includes
an expanded set of webpage tabs (choices) will show.
If an incorrect user name and/or password is entered
then a login failed message will be shown in text.

Issue 3, December 2022 Model 5422A User Guide
Page 18 Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Main Menu
Once the correct user name and password have been submitted an expanded set of menu tabs will be shown.
These choices provide the ability to access additional menu webpages. They allow conguration of audio perfor-
mance as well as network and access parameters. In addition, information about other important Model 5422A
operating parameters can also be reviewed.
As previously discussed, the Model 5422A is o󰀨ered in two versions. The Model 5422A-01 provides one set of
32 audio channels. This is considered a 32-channel audio engine. The Model 5422A-02 provides two sets of
32 audio channels. This is considered to be two 32-channel audio engines that support a total of 64 channels.
The menu systems for the two versions are quite similar. The only di󰀨erence is that the Model 5422A-01 has
a menu tab called Audio Engine while the Model 5422A-02 has one tab called Audio Engine 1 and another tab
called Audio Engine 2.
Audio Engine Conguration
The Model 5422A-01 has one audio engine consisting
of 32 channels. The Model 5422A-02 has two audio
engines, each consisting of 32 channels for a total of
64 channels. Two webpages are provided for cong-
uring these audio engines. They are named Group
Conguration and Channel Conguration.
Group Conguration
The channels in each audio engine can be electronical-
ly divided into what are referred to as groups. Selecting
how the 32 audio engine channels are arranged into
groups is crucial when working to achieve the desired
Model 5422A conguration. Each group will have a text
label that can assist personnel in knowing the purpose
of each group. The operating mode of each group can
be individually selected. This allows the specic action
of each group to be determined.
Channels per Group
The 32 channels associated with an audio engine can
be configured into one of ten configurations which
determine the number of groups and how many chan-
nels are contained in each group.

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Model 5422A
DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
In conclusion, a change of Channels per Group orga-
nization may be destructive as far as channel labels
and routes (Dante subscriptions) are concerned. Any
changes made to a Channels per Group conguration
is “one way” with no method to automatically return to a
previous conguration. A change will require that time
and e󰀨ort be spent conrming and possibly revising
channel labels and routes (Dante subscriptions).
The identication letter used in group 1 of the audio
engine associated with a Model 5422A-01, or group
1 in the rst audio engine of a Model 5422A-02, will
always start with the letter A. The next group will take
on the next alphabetical letter. If an audio engine is
congured for four groups (such as 12, 12, 4, 4) then
the group identication letters will be A, B, C, and D. If
an audio engine is selected for eight groups (4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4) then the letters in the identication range
will be A through H.
The group identication letter for the second audio
engine of a Model 5422A-02 will start with J and go,
if required, to the letter R. For clarity, the letters I and
O will not be used for groups. (They can be confused
with the numbers one and zero.)
Within the Model 5422A’s logic circuitry the audio data
associated with each group is fully isolated, ensur-
ing that there will never be audio crosstalk between
groups. This is to be expected since all Model 5422A
Dante receiver (input) channels, Dante transmitter
(output) channels, and processing is performed within
the digital domain.
Group Label
Associated with each group is a label (name) con-
sisting of up to 14 alphabetic or numeric characters.
The default label for each group is somewhat generic
but can be revised to be more descriptive. There’s no
reason why a human-readable label can’t be used to
make the function served by each group much clear-
er. Using labels such as MainPL, ProductionComs,
or Maintenance can be e󰀨ectively utilized. Assigning
logical, understandable labels can make long-term
application maintenance much easier to perform. The
Submit button must be pressed or entered for a revised
label to be saved.
Choices are:
32
24, 8
20, 8, 4
16, 16
16, 12, 4
12, 12, 4, 4
8, 8, 8, 8
8, 8, 8, 4, 4
8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
As has been previously discussed, each Model 5422A
audio engine consists of 32 Dante receiver (input) and
32 Dante transmitter (output) channels. These channel
“pairs” can be congured to function in one of the ten
available group arrangements. As should be evident,
adding together the size of each group will always
equal 32. Each group will have a unique label and can
be independently congured as to how it will function.
How to establish group labels and operating modes
will be reviewed in later sections.
When contemplating changing the Channels per Group
conguration it’s important to note two things. The rst
is that some or all of the Dante channel labels of each
group member may automatically change to reect the
revised audio engine conguration. The second issue
that could arise is that some or all of the existing Dante
audio channel routes (Dante subscriptions) associated
with group members will probably be deleted upon a
change to the number of Channels per Group cong-
uration. This is simply the result of Dante technology
using the channel labels for identifying and establishing
routes (Dante subscriptions). A route (Dante subscrip-
tion) would no longer be valid if an associated channel
label has been changed.
The fact that Dante transmitter (output) channel la-
bels may automatically change when the Channel
per Group conguration changes is not necessarily
a bad thing. But some editing of the channel labels
may be required to achieve the desire implementa-
tion. Deleting routes (Dante subscriptions) to and
from group-member channels will denitely add some
extra e󰀨ort. Routes (Dante subscriptions) will have to
be re-established once a new Channels per Group
conguration has been selected and conrmed. Again,
this is not a terrible thing to have occur. But it’s possible
that up to 64 routes (Dante subscriptions), consisting
of 32 receiver/transmitter pairs, may have to be re-
established.

Issue 3, December 2022 Model 5422A User Guide
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DANTE INTERCOM AUDIO ENGINE
Operating Mode
Each group can be independently configured to
operate from among nine available operating modes.
Choices are: Party-Line w/Auto Mix, Party-Line,
Summing Bus w/Auto Mix, Summing Bus, Pass-Thru,
IFB (1 Int-in), IFB (3 Int-in), Audio Switching (1-in/
2-out), and Audio Switching (2-in/1-out).
A detailed explanation of each operating mode will be
provided in the following paragraphs. For a revised
operating mode to be activated requires the Submit
button, located to the right of the selection eld, be
pressed or enabled.