Technologic Systems TS-5400 User manual

TS-5400 User’s Manual

Technologic Systems, Incorporated
16610 East Laser Drive, Suite 10
Fountain Hills, AZ 85268
480-837-5200
FAX [phone]
[email protected]
http://www.embeddedx86.com/
This revision of the manual is dated
October 23, 2003
All modifications from previous versions are listed in the appendix.
Copyright © 1998-2003 by Technologic Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Limited Warranty
Technologic Systems warrants this product to be free of defects in material and workmanship for a
period of one year from date of purchase. During this warranty period Technologic Systems will repair or
replace the defective unit in accordance with the following instructions:
•Contact Technologic Systems and obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and a copy
of the RMA form.
•Fill out the RMA form completely and include it and dated proof of purchase with the defective unit
being returned. Clearly print the RMA number on the outside of the package.
This limited warranty does not cover damages resulting from lighting or other power surges, misuse,
abuse, abnormal conditions of operation, or attempts to alter or modify the function of the product.
This warranty is limited to the repair or replacement of the defective unit. In no event shall
Technologic Systems be liable or responsible for any loss or damages, including but not limited
to any lost profits, incidental or consequential damages, loss of business, or anticipatory profits
arising from the use or inability to use this product.
Repairs made after the expiration of the warranty period are subject to a flat rate repair charge and the
cost of return shipping. Please contact Technologic Systems to arrange for any repair service.

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Table Of Contents
LIMITED WARRANTY.......................................................................................................................................................................................II
1INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................................5
2PC COMPATIBILITY..............................................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Operating Systems..........................................................................................................................................................................5
3POWER...................................................................................................................................................................................................6
4MEMORY.................................................................................................................................................................................................6
4.1 SDRAM...............................................................................................................................................................................................6
4.2 Flash..................................................................................................................................................................................................6
4.3 Compact Flash cards and DiskOnChip modules.....................................................................................................................6
4.4 Using the SanDisk USB Compact Flash Card Reader.........................................................................................7
4.5 Non-Volatile SRAM....................................................................................................................................................................7
5SERIAL PORTS.....................................................................................................................................................................................7
5.1 Serial Port Configuration Registers.............................................................................................................................................8
5.2 Serial Port Hardware.......................................................................................................................................................................8
5.3RS-485 Support...............................................................................................................................................................................8
5.4 Automatic RS-485 TX Enable........................................................................................................................................................9
5.5 Adding Serial Ports..........................................................................................................................................................................9
6DIGITAL I/O.............................................................................................................................................................................................9
6.1 DIO Header.....................................................................................................................................................................................10
6.2 Using LCD Port as Digital I/O......................................................................................................................................................10
7LCD INTERFACE................................................................................................................................................................................10
8MATRIX KEYPAD SUPPORT.............................................................................................................................................................11
9THE 10/100 BASE-T ETHERNET PORT.........................................................................................................................................12
10 REAL TIME CLOCK.............................................................................................................................................................................15
11 WATCHDOG TIMER............................................................................................................................................................................16
12 LED, JUMPERS AND RESET BUTTON..........................................................................................................................................17
13 PC/104 BUS EXPANSION .................................................................................................................................................................18
14 LOADING OR TRANSFERRING FILES...........................................................................................................................................19
14.1 Developing with the Technologic Systems TS-9500..............................................................................................................19
14.2 Transferring files with Compact Flash......................................................................................................................................19
14.3 Zmodem Downloads....................................................................................................................................................................19
15 DEBUGGING........................................................................................................................................................................................20
15.1 Integrated BIOS Debugger...........................................................................................................................................................20
15.2 Using other debuggers ................................................................................................................................................................20
16 VIDEO, KEYBOARD, AND CONSOLE REDIRECTION.................................................................................................................21
17 SYSTEM BIOS SETUP SCREENS...................................................................................................................................................22
17.1 Main CMOS Configuration Screen..............................................................................................................................................22
17.2 Basic CMOS Configuration..........................................................................................................................................................23
17.3 Adding a TS-9400 or TS-9500 with Compact Flash...............................................................................................................23
17.4 Custom CMOS Configuration......................................................................................................................................................25
17.5 Shadow Configuration..................................................................................................................................................................26
18 FEEDBACK AND UPDATES TO THE MANUAL .............................................................................................................................26
APPENDIXA -BOARD DIAGRAM AND DIMENSIONS............................................................................................................................27
APPENDIX B -OPERATING CONDITIONS...............................................................................................................................................27
APPENDIX C-SYSTEM MEMORY MAP.....................................................................................................................................................28
APPENDIX D-SYSTEM I/O MAP.................................................................................................................................................................29
APPENDIX E -BIOS INTERRUPT FUNCTIONS......................................................................................................................................30
Int 15h / Function B000h-Technologic Systems BIOS information...............................................................................................30
Int 15h / Function B010h-LED Control................................................................................................................................................30
Int 15h / Function B042h–Alphanumeric LCD Support...................................................................................................................31

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Int 15h / Function B040h –Matrix Keypad Support.............................................................................................................................31
Int 15h / Function A1h–Console I/O Redirection..............................................................................................................................31
Int 15h / Function B020h-Jumper Pin Status ....................................................................................................................................32
APPENDIX F -USING AHIGHER RATE (10X) BAUD CLOCK...............................................................................................................33
APPENDIX G -FURTHER REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................34
APPENDIX H-MANUALREVISIONS.........................................................................................................................................................34

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1Introduction
The model TS-5400 is a compact, full-featured PC compatible Single Board Computer based on the
AMD Elan520 processor. At 133 MHz, it is approximately 10 times faster than our other 386EX based
products for only a small additional cost. PC compatibility allows for rapid development since you can
use standard PC development tools such as Turbo C or Power Basic or Linux based tools as well. If
you have done work in the PC world in the past, you will find you can now build applications for a very
small target that does not require a keyboard, video, floppy disks, or hard drives.
By adding the optional TS-9500 daughter board, you can compile and debug directly on the TS-5400
with standard VGA video and keyboard interfaces. Alternatively, you can typically write and debug code
on a host PC using standard development tools for the PC platform, then simply copy it to and run it on
the TS-5400 without modification. If additional peripherals are required, the PC/104 expansion bus
allows for many standard functions available off-the-shelf. It is also very simple to create a custom
PC/104 daughter board for those special features that differentiate your product. Technologic Systems
can provide technical support as well as a free quotation for any custom hardware, software, or BIOS
modifications you may require.
This manual is fairly short. This is because for the most part, the TS-5400 is a standard x86-based PC
compatible computer, and there are hundreds of books about writing software for the PC platform. The
primary purpose of this manual is documenting where the TS-5400 differs from a standard PC.
2PC Compatibility
PC compatibility requires much more than just an x86 processor. It requires PC compatible memory
and I/O mapsas well as a PC compatible BIOS. The General Software EMBEDDED BIOS offers a high
degree of compatibility with past and present BIOS standards allowing it to run off-the shelf operating
systemsand application software.
The EMBEDDED BIOS has been tested with all major versions of DOS, including MS-DOS, DR-DOS,
and Embedded DOS 6-XL; all major versions of OS/2, including MS-OS/2 and IBM OS/2; MS-Windows
3.1, Windows-95, Windows NT, and NetWare 386.
2.1 Operating Systems
Technologic Systems Embedded PCs are compatible with a wide variety of x86-based operating
systems. A partial list OSes currently used with our boards by customers includes:
•TNT Embedded Toolsuite, Phar Lap Software
•UCos II
•RTKernel, On Time Software
•RTEMS, On-Line Applications Research Corporation
•DOS with WATTCP, public domain TCP/IP source code for DOS
•Linux
The TS-5400 is shipped, free of charge, with Embedded DOS ROM by General Software.
The TS-5400 can be shipped upon request with Linux pre-installed for a nominal fee. The Linux file
system and kernel is also freely available on the web should you wish to install it yourself. Typically, the
Linux OS requires a 16MB or larger Compact Flash or an M-System’s DiskOnChip.

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3Power
The TS-5400 requires regulated 5VDC at 750 mA (typical). A quick releasescrew-down terminal block
for the 5V power and power GND connections is provided for easy connection to an external power
supply.
When power is first supplied to the TS-5400, the board mounted LED is immediately turned on under
hardware control. Once the processor begins execution, the LED is turned off. The LED then turns on
then off to provide a characteristic blink during execution of POST. If the LED does not turn on at all, the
most likely problem is the power supply. Check that the +5V and GND connections are not reversed. A
diode protects the board against damage in such a situation, but it will not run.
Please note that supply voltages over 6 VDC may damage the TS-5400.
Be sure to use a regulated 5 VDC power supply.
4Memory
4.1 SDRAM
The TS-5400 has a total of 16 Megabytes (MB) of high-speed SDRAM providing 640 Kilobytes (KB) of
base memory, 15 MB of extended memory, and 128 KB of shadow RAM for the BIOS. This is identical
to a standard PC memory map. The TS-5400 can be ordered with 32MB or 64MB of SDRAM, but it is
not field upgradeable.
The TS-5400 SDRAM chips are soldered directly to the board. By not using a SIMM socket, the TS-
5400 is much more reliable in high-vibration environments.
4.2 Flash
There is a total of 2 MB of Flash memory on the TS-5400 with 128 KB reserved for the BIOS. During
POST, this 128 KB area is copied from Flash into SDRAM at addresses E0000h through FFFFFh for
improved performance (a standard technique known as BIOS Shadowing). The remainder of the Flash
memory (1920 KB) is configured as two solid-state disk (SSD) drives appearing as drive A and drive B.
Drive A uses 896 KB of Flash memory while drive B uses the remaining 1024 KB of Flash memory.
Both drives are fully supported by the BIOS as INT 13h drives.
The physical Flash memory is accessed by the BIOS in protected mode at memory address 148M.
The Flashmemory is guaranteed capable of a minimum of 100,000 write/erase cycles. This means that
if you completely erase and rewrite the SSD drive 10 times a day you have over 27 years before any
problems would occur. Reading the SSD produces no wear at all.
Power failure during flash writes can cause corruption of flash drive FAT tables (A: or B:). Therefore
applications writing frequently should use DiskOnChip or Compact Flash card drives which are more
tolerant of power failure during write cycles.
Flash drive A is read-only when JP3 is not installed. Removing JP3 also makes the 128 kbyte BIOS
area of the Flash write protected as well. Write protecting the A: drive can be useful if there are critical
files in the final product that must be very secure.
4.3 Compact Flash cards and DiskOnChip modules
If 2MB of Flash is insufficient for your application, additional non-volatile storage can be added with a
Compact Flash card or an M-Systems DiskOnChip module. Either of these products can supply
additional storage that will behave much as a hard drive does in a typical PC with sizes ranging from
8MB to 512MB. These products are inherently more rugged than a hard drive since they are completely
solid-state with no moving parts.
The Compact Flash card has the added advantage of being removable media. A SanDisk USB
Compact Flash reader/writer (which is included in the TS-5400 Developer’s Kit) is recommended for the

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host PC for file transfers. This results in the ability to quickly move files from a host PC to the TS-5400
using a Compact Flash card as the removable media. Since the Compact Flash card appears as a
standard IDE drive on the TS-5400, it uses no additional RAM for drivers. While a USB Compact Flash
reader allows for hot swapping of the Compact Flash card on the host PC, the Compact Flash interface
on the TS-5400 is not hot swappable, the TS-5400 must be rebooted after removing or installing a
Compact Flash card.
The DiskOnChip module can be installed into the 32-pin socket near the center of the board.
DiskOnChip modules are available from Technologic Systems as well as other distributors. It is
compatible with DOS as shipped, and drivers for other operating systems (such as Linux) are available.
If a DiskOnChip is installed, it will simply appear as drive C. The DiskOnChip is accessed through an 8
KB range of memory at D0000h through D1FFFh. If you are installing a PC/104 daughter card that uses
memory mapped I/O, it must not conflict with this address range if the DiskOnChip is installed.
Additionally, in a DOS environment the DiskOnChip firmware uses approximately 30 KB of user RAM
(below 640 KB).
4.4 Using the SanDisk USB Compact Flash Card Reader
This device allows for a very fast and reliable method of moving files between the host PC and target
SBC (TS-5400). The Compact Flash (CF) card can then be hot swapped (inserted or removed without
rebooting the host PC). Sometimes it is necessary to unplug the USB cable and reinstall it after
swapping CF cards (at least Windows ME seems to prefer this).
Note: The TS-5400 always needs to be powered off before swapping CF cards.
4.5 Non-Volatile SRAM
The 32-pin socket can also optionally hold 32 KB of Non-volatile SRAM memory. This behaves exactly
like battery-backed SRAM. This or the DiskOnChip may be installed, but not both.
Non-volatile SRAM provides non-volatile memory with unlimited write cycles and no write time
degradation, unlike Flash memory. The SRAM uses an additional 32 KB range of D0000h through
D7FFFh. If the SRAM is installed, PC/104 daughter card that uses memory mapped I/O must not
conflict with this address range.
I/O location 75h, bit 0 can be read to determine whether the SRAM option is installed; a ‘1’ in bit 0
indicates that it is installed, a ‘0’ that it is not.
5Serial Ports
The two PC compatible asynchronous serial ports (COM1 and COM2) provide a means to
communicate with external serial devices such as printers, modems, etc. Each is independently
configured as a standard PC COM port that is compatible with the National Semiconductor NS16C450.
Alternatively, these ports can be changed to the 16C550 mode with 16 byte FIFOs in both the receive
and transmit UART channels. COM1 appears in the I/O space at 3F8h –3FFh and uses IRQ4. COM2
is located at 2F8h –2FFh and uses IRQ3.
By changing an internal configuration register in the Elan520, the serial clock to the COM ports can be
switched to a 10 times rate (18.432 MHz). This feature allows baud rates higher than 115 Kbaud (such
as 230K baud or 576K baud), as well as non-standard lower baud rates (such as 24 Kbaud). See
Appendix G for further information.
The COM1 and COM2 ports may also be configured to use a DMA channel, which may be useful when
very high baud rates are being used.
See the AMD Elan520 User's Manual for further details.

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5.1 Serial Port Configuration Registers
Because both serial ports are 100% PC compatible, software written for the PC that accesses serial
ports directly or through standard BIOS calls will work without modification on the TS-5400. The details
of the COM port internal registers are available in most PC documentation books or the data sheet for
the National Semiconductor NS16C550 may be consulted.
5.2 Serial Port Hardware
Each RS-232 serial port has 4 lines buffered: the Rx and Tx data lines and the CTS / RTS handshake
pair. This is quite sufficient to interface with the vast majority of serial devices. If additional handshake
lines are required, it will be necessary to add a TS-SER daughter board. The TS-5400 serial signals are
routed to 10-pin header labeled COM2 and a standard 9-pin Sub-D male labeled COM2. A serial
adapter cable can be plugged into the COM2 header to convert this into a standard DB9 male
connector. The pin-outs for the 10-pin header and DB9 male connector are listed above. The RTS
signal also drives the DTR pin on COM2, DTR is always the same state as RTS.
5.3 RS-485 Support
An option is available to add support to COM1 for half
duplex or full duplex RS-485. RS-485 drivers allow
communications between multiple nodes up to 4000 feet
(1200 meters) via twisted pair cable. Half-duplex RS-485
requires one twisted pair plus a Ground connection, while
full duplex requires two twisted pair plus a Ground.
For half-duplex operation, a single twisted pair is used for
transmitting and receiving. Bit 6 at I/O location 75h must
be set to enable RTS mode or bit 7 can be set to enable
Automatic mode. In RTS mode, the serial port RTS signal
controls the RS-485 transmitter/receiver (See Automatic
mode below). When RTS is asserted true, the RS-485
transmitter is enabled and the receiver disabled. When
RTS is de-asserted the transmitter is tri-stated (disabled)
and the receiver is enabled. Since the transmitter and
receiver are never both enabled, the serial port UART
does not receive the data transmitted.
For full-duplex operation, two twisted pairs are used and
the transmitter can typically be left on all the time. Simply
use RTS mode, and set RTS true.
See Figure 2 above for connector pin-outs.
5GND
Rx - 94Rx +
[in] CTS 83TX data [out]
[out] RTS 72RX data [in]
Tx - 61Tx +
Figure 2 –COM1 9-
pin Sub D
Pin-out [signal direction is in brackets]
PLEASE NOTE: COM1 has connections
for the RS-232 port and the RS-485 port
on the same 9 pin connector, only one of
the two functions will be used at a time.
5V Power 10 5GND
NC 94DTR (RTS) [out]
[in] CTS 83TX data [out]
[out] RTS 72RX data [in]
NC 61NC
Figure 1–COM2 Serial Port Header and
DB9 Pin-out [signal direction is in brackets]
PLEASE NOTE: The serial port headers
use a non-standard numbering scheme.
This was done so the header pins would
have the same numbering as the corre-
sponding DB-9 pin; i.e. pin 8 (CTS) on the
header connects to pin 8 on the DB-9
RS-485 Quick start procedure:
1. The RS-485 option must be installed
2. Install FD jumper for full-duplex or HD
for half-duplex RS-485 operation
3. Attach the RS-485 cable to the 9-pin
Sub-D connector.
4. Set the COM1 UART serial parameters
(baud rate, data, parity, and stop bits,
interrupts, etc).
5. Run Auto485.exe utility
(configures bits 6 and 7 at I/O 75h)
(and initializes Timer2)
6. For Half-Duplex RTS mode: To
transmit data, assert RTS and write the
data to the UART. To receive
data, deassert RTS and read the data
from the UART
7. For Half-Duplex Automatic mode: just
read or write data to the UART

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Note:the correct jumper (FD or HD) must be installed. See the Table 2 for details.
Fail-safe bias resistors are used to bias the TX+, TX-and RX+,
RX-lines to the correct state when these lines are not being
actively driven. This is an important consideration, since in a
typical RS-485 installation, the drivers are frequently tri-stated. If
fail-safe bias resistors are not present, the 485 bus may be
floating and very small amounts of noise can cause spurious
characters at the receivers. 4.7KΩresistors are used to pull the
TX+ and RX+ signals to 5V and also to bias the TX-and RX-
signals to ground. Termination resistors may be required for reliable operation when running long
distances at high baud rates. Termination resistors should only be installed at each end of an RS-485
transmission line. In a multi-drop application where there are several drivers and/or receivers attached,
only the devices at each end of the transmission line pair should have termination resistors.
A read at I/O location 75h bit 1 will return a "1" when the RS-485 option is installed.
5.4 Automatic RS-485 TX Enable
TS-5400 boards support fully automatic TX enable control. This simplifies the design of half-duplex
systems since turning off the transmitter via the RTS signal is typically difficult to implement. The
COM1 UART transmit holding register and the transmit shift register both must be polled until empty
before deasserting RTS when using the RTS mode. The design gets more difficult when using the TX
FIFO or when using a multi-tasking OS such as Linux.
In Automatic mode, Timer2 and a Xilinx PLD keep track of the bits shifting out the COM1 UART. This
circuit automatically turns on/off the RS-485 transceiver at the correct times. This only requires the
TIMER2 to be initialized once based on baud rate and data format, and bit 7 at I/O location 75 must be
set. A utility called AUTO485.exe is included in the AUTOEXEC.bat that simplifies this task.
5.5 AddingSerial Ports
If your project requires more than two serial ports, additional ports may be added via the PC/104
expansion bus. Technologic Systems offers three different daughter boards (TS-SER1, TS-SER2, and
TS-SER4) that add 1, 2, or 4 extra COM ports respectively. Typically these would be configured as
COM3 or COM4 or be assigned other higher COM I/O locations. Because DOS only directly supports
four serial ports, any additional ports beyond four will require DOS software drivers.
The TS-5400 PC/104 bus has IRQ 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, or 15 available for additional serial ports. Typically
each serial port has a dedicated interrupt, but the TS-SER4 allows all four extra serial ports to share a
single interrupt. This is very helpful in systems with a large number of serial ports since there are a
limited number of IRQ lines available.
6Digital I/O
There are 24 Digital Input/Output (DIO) lines available on the TS-5400. These are available on 2
headers labeled DIO and LCD. In addition to the DIO signals, each header also has 5 Volt power and
Ground available, while the DIO header has an external reset available on pin 12. The header labeled
LCD can be used as 11 DIO lines or as an alphanumeric LCD interface (See Section 7). 16 of the DIO
lines are arranged as two byte-wide ports that can be programmed as either inputs or outputs in groups
of 4-bits. An additional 4 of the DIO lines can also be programmed as either inputs or outputs, while the
remaining 4 have a fixed configuration of 3 inputs and 1 output. One of the fixed input lines can be
programmed to cause an interrupt.
Jumper Receiver Source
FD Full-Duplex RS-485
HD Half-Duplex RS-485
232 RS-232
Table
1
-
COM1 Receiver Source

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6.1 DIO Header
The DIO port provides +5V, GND, and 13 digital I/O lines that may
be used to interface the TS-5400 with a wide range of external
devices. DIO lines DIO1_0 thru DIO1_7 are a byte-wide port
accessed at I/O location Hex 7E, while the DIO lines DIO1_8 thru
DIO1_11 and DIO_13 are accessed in the lower 6 bits of I/O
location Hex 7F. I/O location Hex 7D is a control port for the DIO.
The direction of DIO lines DIO1_0 thru DIO1_3 is controlled by bit 0
of I/O location Hex 7D, and the direction of DIO1_4 thru DIO1_7 is
controlled by bit 1 of I/O location Hex 7D. The direction of DIO1_8
thru DIO1_11 is controlled by bit 5 of I/O location Hex 7D, while
DIO1_13 is always an input. In all cases, when a control bit is a “1”, it is setting the corresponding DIO
lines to be Outputs, while a “0” sets them to be Inputs. All control bits at I/O location Hex 7D are
initialized at reset to be “0”.
When bit 7 of I/O location Hex 7D is a “1”, DIO1_13 is connected to IRQ6 allowing this port to trigger an
interrupt.
Pin 12 of the DIO port is an active low reset. If this pin is pulled to ground for more than 1 mS, it will
cause a hard reset to the entire board. It has a 4.7K resistor pull-up to 5V, so a simple switch to ground
can be used.
All digital outputs on this port can source 4 mA or sink 8 mA and the digital inputs have standard TTL
level thresholds and must not be driven below 0 Volts or above 5.0 Volts. DIO lines DIO1_0 thru
DIO1_5 have 4.7KΩpull-up resistors to 5V biasing these signals to a logic”1”.
6.2 Using LCD Port as Digital I/O
The LCD Port can be used as 11 additional digital I/O lines or it can be used to interface to a standard
alphanumeric LCD display. At system reset, the port defaults to DIO mode. If using an LCD display this
port can be switched to LCD mode by writing a “1” into bit 4 at I/O location Hex 7D, or the BIOS call to
enable the LCD also sets bit 4 at I/O location Hex 7D (See Section 7 for LCD mode).
When the LCD port is in DIO mode, pins LCD_RS and LCD_WR are
digital inputs, LCD_EN is a digital output, and LCD_0 thru LCD_7 are
programmable as either inputs or outputs.
LCD_RS and LCD_WR can be read at I/O location 73h bits 7 and 6,
respectively. The state of LCD_EN is controlled by writing to I/O
location 73h bit 0.
LCD_0 thru LCD_7 can be read or written at I/O location 72h. The
direction of this byte-wide port (pins 7 –14) is determined by bits 2
and 3 at I/O location 7Dh. If bit 2 is a zero, then the lower 4 bits (pins
7 –10) are inputs. If bit 2 is logic 1, then pins 7 –10 are outputs. Bit 3
at location 7Dh controls the upper 4 bits, pins 11 –14 in a like manner.
When bit 6 of I/O location Hex 7D is a “1”, LCD_RS is connected to IRQ1 allowing this port to trigger an
interrupt.
All digital outputs on this port can source 4 mA or sink 8 mA and the digital inputs have standard TTL
level thresholds and must not be driven below 0 Volts or above 5.0 Volts. LCD_7 and LCD_RS have
4.7KΩpull-up resistors biasing these signals to a logic”1”.
7LCD Interface
A 14-pin LCD connector is provided on the TS-5400 for interfacing with standard alphanumeric LCD
displays. These displays use a common controller, the Hitachi HD44780 or equivalent. While software
5 V 16 15 DIO1_7
DIO1_13 14 13 DIO1_6
Reset# 12 11 DIO1_5
DIO1_11 10 9DIO1_4
DIO1_10 87DIO1_3
DIO1_9 65DIO1_2
DIO1_8 43DIO1_1
GND 21DIO1_0
Figure 2–DIO1 Header Pinout
LCD_6
14 13 LCD_7
LCD_4
12 11 LCD_5
LCD_2
10 9LCD_3
LCD_0
87LCD_1
LCD_WR
65LCD_EN
Bias
43LCD_RS
GND
215V
Figure 5 –Pinout for LCD header
when used as DIO

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written for the HD44780 will work with all displays using the controller, the cable needed is dependent on
the display used. For most displays, a straight-through type ribbon cable can be used. The connector on
the LCD display is typically mounted on the backside of the display. Warning –using an incorrect cable
or mounting the LCD connector on the front-side can result in a reverse power polarity and can damage
the LCD display. Please refer to your LCD data sheets for in-depth information.
The TS-5400 BIOS incorporates a fairly complete set of
INT10h video routines that work with the LCD. Once the
LCD has been enabled (INT15h/Func B042h –see
Appendix E below)
The LCD can be written
to as the standard I/O
device. This means that
software can be
developed and
debugged using standard I/O calls, and the executable will
work with LCD, VGA video, or redirected COM port. See
the section 16 for more information.
I/O addresses 72h and 73h are used to access the LCD.
Figure 6 shows the header pin-out, while Table 3 lists the
LCD signals. The section below will briefly describe the
LCD interface signals. The LCD can be controlled directly
by software at these addresses.
The register select signal is simply the buffered A0 address
line. Thus, reads and writes to 72h cause register select to
be low, and those to 73h cause it to be high. Generally the
LCD uses this line to separate data bytes from command
bytes. See your LCD data sheet for details.
The LCD Write# signal is an active low write enable line.
LCD Enable is an active high signal, raised whenever the LCD addresses are being read or written.
D0 –D7 are bi-directional, buffered copies of the data bus and carry all data and commands to the LCD.
Table 3 is not the standard pin-outs given for LCD displays. But this pin-out allows a standard ribbon
cable to be used when the ribbon cable is attached to the backside of the LCD.
Example LCD code is available at: http://www.embeddedx86.com/downloads/util.zip
8Matrix Keypad Support
The DIO2 port, signals DIO2_0 through DIO2_7, may be configured to support a 4 x 4 matrix keypad.
When enabled, BIOS firmware performs all the work, making the matrix keypad appear as a simple 16-
key keyboard to software. This allows the use of standard keyboard access routines. The default set of
keys translated by the BIOS consists of 0 –9, A –D, *, and #. The # key is returned as an ASCII
Carriage Return character (Hex 0D). Because the user is writing the software, this set of keys is usually
sufficient. However, a custom translation table can be loaded, allowing the use of function keys, arrow
keys, or any other key on the keyboard.
Matrix keypad support is enabled or disabled using INT15h, Function B040h (see Appendix F). Once
enabled, standard keyboard BIOS functions are enabled. Note that console redirection and the matrix
keypad support are mutually exclusive –console redirection must be disabled to use the keypad.
A matrix keypad can be used with console redirection only if the keypad is not used as stdin, but
accessed as a hardware device. This is useful if one wishes to use console redirection or to use a PC
246810 12 14
1357911 13
Figure 6 -LCD Header Pinout
Pin Function Comments
1LCD 5V
2LCD GND
3LCD_RS Register Select
(Buffered A0)
4Bias 680 Ohm to GND
5LCD_EN Active high Enable
6LCD_WR# Active low Write
7LCD_D1
8LCD_D0
9LCD_D3
10 LCD_D2
11 LCD_D5
12 LCD_D4
13 LCD_D7
14 LCD_D6
D0 –D7: Buffered
bi-directional data bus
Table 3 -LCD Header Signals

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keyboard as stdin. See section 16 for an explanation of console I/O and redirection. See the Technologic
Systems download page for example code.
http://www.embeddedx86.com/downloads/keypad.zip
When using a matrix keypad, the DIO2signals DIO2_0 through DIO2_7 are not available as general I/O.
9The 10/100 Base-T Ethernet Port
The TS-5400 has two full-function IEEE 802.3 (10/100 Mbit/sec) Ethernet ports provided by Davicom
DM9102A Ethernet controllers. The DM9102A is a single-chip, 32-bit PCI Ethernet controller that
includes such features as full-duplex operation, power saving shutdown modes, LED indicators for link
status/activity and auto-sense network speed detection. The physical interface is 10/100Base-T (RJ45
connector).
The TS-5400 has both a LINK/ACTIVITY LED and a 10/100 speed LED built into each RJ-45 connector
that indicates the current Ethernet status. The LINK LED (left side of connector, green) is active when a
valid Ethernet link is detected. This LED should be ON whenever the TS-5400 is powered on and
properly connected to a 10/100BaseT Ethernet network. The LINK/ACTIVITY LED will blink to indicate
network activity either inbound or outbound. The SPEED LED (right side of connector, amber) will be on
when a 100 Mbit network is detected and off for a 10 Mbit network. Both of these LEDs are controlled by
the DM9102A and do not require initialization by the processor.
DOS TCP/IP Configuration –Packet Driver and WATTCP
A standard packet driver for DOS is installed on the board as shipped, along with sample network
applications written with the public domain Waterloo TCP/IP software (WATTCP). WATTCP is a freely
available package (including source code) that provides TCP/IP connectivity for programs written for the
DOS environment. See the Technologic Systems download page
http://www.embeddedx86.com/downloads/wat2001t.zip
In addition, we have written a simple DOS HTTP web server using WATTCP that is included on the TS-
5400 utility disk. The simple web server uses CGI calls to control a DIO pin from a web browser. Full
source code is included, and you are free to modify and extend the code for your own use on
Technologic Systems Single Board Computers.
The DOS packet driver (DM9PCIPD.COM) is loaded by AUTOEXEC.BAT once DOS starts. Hardware
settings are read from the EEPROM chips and used by the packet driver to initialize each DM9102A.
Notice in the autoexec.bat there two instances of the packet driver loaded, one for each of the Ethernet
ports. The second Ethernet port marked Eth_2 on the board is referred to as ‘slot=2’ in the autoexec.bat.
Below is an example of the DOS command line to load a packet driver for each Ethernet interface:
DM9PCIPD 0X60
DM9PCIPD –SLOT=2 0X61
The TCP/IP settings for the WATTCP code are stored in the WATTCP.CFG configuration file in the
A:\ETHERNET directory, this file must be modified for the network environment where the TS-5400 will
be installed.

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WATTCP.CFG configuration file
my_ip=192.168.0.20 // IP address of this Ethernet interface.
hostname="epc.embeddedx86.com" // Host name of this computer.
netmask=255.255.255.0 // Used to determine which IP’s are local.
gateway=192.168.0.1 // Gateway for internet access.
nameserver=192.168.0.1 // Name server for domain name lookups.
With the WATTCP.CFG file properly setup and the 10/100 base-T cable connected, you should be able
to ping other nodes on the network.
Ping example:
[A:\]ping www.embeddedx86.com
Technologic Systems Example Configuration
Pinging 'www.embeddedx86.com' [209.130.84.83]
sent PING # 1 , PING receipt # 1 : response time 0.00 seconds
Ping Statistics
Sent : 1
Received : 1
Success : 100 %
Average RTT : 0.35 seconds
[A:\]
Other WATTCP examples include: serial to telnet redirector, http file download, telnet server, and finger.
Many more can be downloaded from the internet as freeware.
DOS TCP/IP configuration –MS Client for DOS
The Davicom Ethernet adapter has the MS Client for DOS driver available. This has been tested and
found to work on Windows workgroups as well as Samba workgroups. Check the Technologic Systems
web page for driver downloads (www.embeddedx86.com). Email [email protected] with
questions.

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LINUX TCP/IP configuration
When using the TS-5400 with TS-Linux, the DM9102A driver can be included in the kernel or loaded as
a kernel module. If the Technologic Systems kernel is used, the DM9102A driver is built into the kernel.
The settings stored in EEPROM on the TS-5400 are used to configure the DM9102A.
The TCP/IP settings for the TS-Linux are configured in the file ‘/etc/sysconfig/ifcfg-eth0’, here is a listing:
DEVICE=eth0 # Name of Ethernet interface
IPADDR=192.168.0.50 # IP address of this Ethernet interface.
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # Used with NETWORK to determine local IP’s.
NETWORK=192.168.0.0 # Used with NETMASK to determine local
IP’s.
BROADCAST=192.168.0.255 # Broadcast IP for system wide messages.
ENABLE=yes # Initialize on startup
The second Ethernet port on the TS-5400 is configured by the file: /etc/sysconfig/ifcfg-eth1
By default the eth1 config file has ENABLE=no, which means eth1 will not be configured on boot up.
Change this to yes if you want eth1 configured by the startup scripts.
The TCP/IP network settings are configured in the file ‘/etc/sysconfig/network_cfg’, here is a listing:
### Technologic Systems
### General Network Configuration File
### NETWORKING=yes
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 # Gateway for internet access
GW_DEV=eth0 # Gateway device to use
Hostname="miniepc.embeddedx86.com" # Host name for this computer
BOOTPROTO=no
DEFRAG_IPV4=no
FORWARD_IPV4=no
The TCP/IP name resolution server is configured in the file ‘/etc/resolv.conf’, here is a listing:
Nameserver 192.168.0.1 # Name server for domain name lookups.
To access the web server, open a web browser and enter “192.168.0.50” as the address. This
should display the sample web page which demonstrates some of the functionality of Apache with
PHP.
Use the “ifconfig” command at the bash prompt to display the status of the Ethernet ports.
See the Technologic Systems Linux Support Page for more information.
http://www.embeddedx86.com/support/linuxhelp.php

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10 Real Time Clock
The Dallas Semiconductor DS12887 is used for the PC compatible battery-backed real-time clock. It is
a completely self-contained module that includes a Motorola 146818 compatible clock chip, the 32.768
kHz crystal, the lithium battery, and 114 bytes of battery-backed CMOS RAM. It is guaranteed to
maintain clock operation for a minimum of 10 years in the absence of power. It is located at the standard
PC I/O addresses of Hex 070 and 071. The top 48 bytes (index 50h through 7Fh) are not used by the
BIOS and are available for user applications.
The RTC is capable of generating a square wave output function with a period of 500 mSec to 122
uSec. The square wave output pin is connected to IRQ8 on the processor, and can be used to generate
periodic interrupts. The keypad example code uses this function to generate interrupts at a 256 Hz rate.
http://www.embeddedx86.com/downloads/keypad.zip

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Bits 0-7Timeout Value
01h 0.5 milliseconds
02h 0.5 seconds
04h 1 second
08h 2 seconds
10h 4 seconds
20h 8 seconds
40h 16 seconds
80h 32 seconds
Table 4 Watchdog Timer Timeout Values
11 Watchdog Timer The AMD Elan520 contains a 32-bit watchdog timer
(WDT) unit that can be used to prevent a system
“hanging” due to a software failure. The WDT can
be programmed to cause an interrupt or a full
system reset when the WDT times out allowing a
guaranteed recovery time from a software error. To
prevent a WDT timeout, the application must
periodically “feed” the WDT by writing a “clear-count
key sequence” to the Watchdog Timer Control
(WDTMRCTL) register.
The WDT must be initialized with the timeout period
desired. This may be as short as 0.5 mS or may be
as high as 32 seconds. After the WDT has been
enabled, the 32-bit watchdog counter starts counting
from zero. The application software can reset this
counter at any time by writing a “clear-count key
sequence” to the WDTMRCTL. If this counter
reaches the timeout period, then an interrupt is
generated, or a system reset occurs.
If programmed to cause an interrupt, the WDT must
be fed within the next timeout period or else a
system reset occurs as an additional failsafe
feature.
In order to load the WDTMRCTL register, a specific
sequence of three word writes is required. A 3333h,
followed by CCCCh, followed by the value to be
loaded into the WDTMRCTL register must be written
to the WDTMRCTL register.
In order to clear the WDT counter (feeding the
watchdog), a “clear-count key sequence” must be
written to the WDTMRCTL register. This is a
specific two word write sequence with a write of
AAAAh, followed by a write of 5555h. (Writing this
“clear-count key sequence” has no effect on the
contents of the WDTMRCTL register)
Typically a system reset at timeout is the preferred
method for using the WDT, if you wish to have an
interrupt occur before the system reset occurs (bit
14 = 0 in the WDTMRCTL Register), additional
programming is required to “attach” a specific IRQ to
the WDT. An interrupt service routine must also be
written to handle this IRQ. Please see the AMD
Elan520 User’s Manual or contact Technologic
Systems.
Bit Position Function
Bit 15 1 = Enable WDT
Bit 14 1 = Generate Reset at Timeout
0 = Generate Interrupt at Timeout
Bit 13 Must always be 0
Bit 12 1 = WDT Interrupt has occurred
(Interrupt routine must clear this bit)
Bits 8-11 Must always be 0
Bits 0-7Timeout Value (See Table 4)
Table 5–WDTMRCTL Register
Register Memory
Address
WatchDog Control (WDTMRCTL) DFCB0h
WDT Counter Bits 0-15 (Read only) DFCB2h
WDT Counter Bits 16-31 (Read only) DFCB4h
WDT Interrupt Mapping DFD42h
Table 6-WatchDog Timer Memory Map

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When using the Linux OS, we provide a driver to initialize and “feed” the WDT. We also provide a Linux
sample application program with full source.
If using DOS, the following sample of Turbo C code (real-mode DOS) will enable the WDT with a 4
second timeout period :
int main() {
unsigned int far *wdtctrl ;
wdtctrl = (unsigned int far *) MK_FP (0XDF00, 0X0CB0);
*wdtctrl = 0x3333;
*wdtctrl = 0xCCCC;
*wdtctrl = 0xD010 ; /* 0xD0 = Enable WDT to Reset Mode, 0x10 = 4 second timeout */
printf (“System will reset in 4 seconds”);
return 0;
}
12 LED, Jumpers and Reset Button
The TS-5400 has an LED available for user software. The user LED may be used for diagnostics,
status messages, and simple output. This signal is also available as a digital output on the DIO2 port.
When power is first supplied to the TS-5400, the user LED is immediately turned on under hardware
control. Once the processor begins execution, the LED is turned off, then flashed on and off again
briefly. After boot, this LED can be used for user applications. The state of the LED is complemented by
any activity to the Compact Flash card. (accesses to the CF causes the LED to flicker)
If the user LED does not turn on at all when power is applied, the most likely problem is the power
supply. Check that the +5V and GND connections are not reversed. A diode protects the board against
damage in such a situation.
It is preferred to use BIOS interrupt functions to interface software with the user LED and option
jumpers. Please see Appendix F for further details and the utility disk for example code.
The LED can be also accessed at I/O location 77h bit 0. A Logic “1” is LED on condition.
The CF activity signal is exclusive ORed with the control bit at I/O location 77h. This causes the LED to
always flicker when there is access to the CF card.
The reset button is connected in parallel with the external reset pin on the DIO connector. Pressing this
button with cause a hardware reset. The system will perform a ‘cold’ boot.
Jumper
Function
JP1 Automatic CMOS -CMOS memory is reset every time the system boots, IDE0 and IDE2
Compact Flash are automatically detected and configured in the BIOS Configuration menu.
JP2 Enable Serial Console-Default to COM2. (see JP6 )
JP3 Write Enable Drive A –Remove this jumper to write protect flashdrive A:
JP4 Fast Console -Console is set to 115K baud. (JP4 not installed = 9600 baud)
JP5 User Jumper -Read using BIOS call or directly in I/O space. (See appendix D & E)
JP6 Console switched to COM1 (requires JP2 installed to enable console)
Table 7 -Jumper Listing

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Pin # Signal Name
B5 -5V
B6 DRQ2
B7 -12V
B8 ENDXFR#
B9 +12V
B26 DACK2#
Table 9-UnsupportedPC/104 Signals
13 PC/104 Bus Expansion
The PC/104 is a compact implementation of the PC/AT ISA bus ideal
for embedded applications. Designers benefit from using an already-
developed standard, rather than creating
their own. Further, the presence of a
compact form-factor PC compatible
standard has encouraged the
development of a broad array of off-the-
shelf products, allowing a very quick
time to market for new products.
The electrical specification for the PC/104 expansion bus is identical to the
PC ISA bus. The mechanical specification allows for the very compact
implementation of the ISA bus tailor
made for embedded systems. The full
PC/104 specification is available from
the IEEE Standards Office under #
IEEE P996.1 (see Appendix E for
further information). Basically, this bus
allows multiple daughter boards in a 3.6
inch by 3.8 inch form factor to be added
in a self-stacking bus. Since the
electrical specs are identical (except for
drive levels) to a standard PC ISA bus,
standard peripherals such as COM
ports, Ethernet, video, LCD drivers, and
Flash drives may be easily added using
standard drivers.
The TS-5400 implements a sub-set of
the 8-bit or optionally the 16-bit version
of the PC/104 bus. We have found this
allows the support of the vast majority
of PC/104 boards including all of the
above mentioned examples.
IRQ3 and IRQ4 are typically used by
COM2 and COM1 and are not available
on the PC/104 bus. If a daughter board
must use either IRQ3 or IRQ4, it is
possible to reconfigure the Elan520
registers and reassign IRQ lines.
Contact us for details.
Pin B19 (normally not used) has been reassigned to be a User Chip
Select. This active low signal decodes the I/O address range 140h through
15Fh, to allow for simple low-cost daughter board designs.
All Technologic Systems 3000 and 5000 series products will support the
User Chip Select feature.
Memory range C8000-CFFFF is available for custom daughter boards to
map into the memory space on the PC/104 bus. See section 17.4 on
configuring the Custom CMOS settings.
Pin # Signal Name
A1 IRQ1 †
A2 -A9 D7 through D0
A10 IOCHRDY
A11 AEN
A12 -A31 A19 through A0
A32 GND
B1 GND
B2 RESETDRV
B3 +5V
B4 IRQ9
B11 SMEMW#
B12 SMEMR#
B13 IOW#
B14 IOR#
B15 Reserved †
B16 Reserved †
B17 DACK1#
B18 DRQ1
B19 User Chip Select# †
B20 SYSCLK (8.25 MHz)
B21 IRQ7
B22 IRQ6
B23 IRQ5
B24
B25
B27 TC
B28 BALE
B29 +5V
B30 OSC (14.3 MHz)
B31 GND
B32 GND
Table 8-Supported PC/104
Signals on the 8-bit Bus
†these signals have a non-
standard usage.
Pin # Signal Name
C0 GND
C1 SBHE#
C2 –C8 LA23 –LA17
C9 MEMR#
C10 MEMW#
C11-18 D8 –D15
D0 GND
D1 MEM16#
D2 IO16#
D5 IRQ12
D6 IRQ15
D7
IRQ14
(shared with CF)
D8 DACK0#
D9 DRQ0
D16 +5V
D18, D19 GND
Table 10–Supported signals
on the 16-bit PC/104

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14 Loading or Transferring Files
Two methods are available for transferring files between a desktop PC and your TS-5400: Compact
Flash and Zmodem downloads. Full descriptions of each are detailed below. Other programs that use
serial ports to transfer should work as well (for example, FastLynx).
14.1 Developing with the Technologic Systems TS-9500
The TS-9500 daughter board provides full VGA video, keyboard, and mouse interfaces necessary to
work within most environments. It also has a Compact Flash card that can be used even if the TS-5400
is using a Compact Flash card as well. You can transfer your development tools (e.g. Turbo C) onto the
TS-9500 Compact Flash card. Now you can compile, debug, and execute right on the TS-5400 target.
14.2 Transferring files with Compact Flash
The TS-5400 removable Compact Flash card can be used to easily move files from a host system. We
suggest using a low-cost SanDisk USB compact flash card interface for your host system. This is
included in the TS-5400 Developer’s Kit.
For best results, we have noticed that it is best to boot the host PC with a Compact Flash card installed
in the SanDisk USB Reader. The Compact Flash card can then be hot swapped (inserted or removed
without rebooting the host PC).
There are two other options for connecting a Compact Flash to your host computer. A Compact Flash
to PCMCIA adapter, which can map a Compact Flash as a hard drive on your laptop host computer. Or,
a Compact Flash to IDE adapter, which connects to the 40 pin IDE interface on you host computer. The
IDE adapter will allow you can boot to CF, run fdisk, format, etc.
14.3 Zmodem Downloads
Using the Zmodem protocol to send files to and from the TS-5400 is simple and straightforward. The
only requirement is a terminal emulation program that supports Zmodem, and virtually all do. If you are
using Windows 95 or later for your development work, the HyperTerminal accessory works well.
To download a file to the TS-5400 from your host PC, execute DL.BAT at the DOS command line on
the TS-5400 (while using console-redirection from within your terminal emulator) and begin the transfer
with your terminal emulator. In HyperTerminal, this is 'Send File...' from the 'Transfer' menu.
To upload a file from the TS-5400 to your host PC, execute UL.BAT <FILENAME> at the DOS
command line on the TS-5400 and start the transfer in your terminal emulator. Many emulators,
HyperTerminal among them, will automatically begin the transfer themselves.
Occasionally there may be errors in transmission due to background solid-state disk operations. This is
not a problem -- Zmodem uses very accurate CRC checks to detect errors and simply resends bad
data. Once the file transfer is complete the file is completely error free.
For best results when using HyperTerminal, the hardware handshaking must be enabled in
HyperTerminal. To increase the download speed you could also use a ram disk on the TS-5400 to
receive the download file, and then copy to the flash drive.
To declare a ram disk insert this line into the config.sys file: device=\dos\vdisk.sys /kbtouse=1024
Please note that the utility used to perform Zmodem file transfers on the TS-5400 side is called DSZ,
produced by Omen Technologies. DSZ is shareware -- it is not free. If you decide to use it, you are
legally obligated to pay Omen Technologies. Currently the cost is $20. Further info is available in the
DSZ zip file located on the utility disk, and contact info for Omen Technologies is in Appendix G.