
12
Test button
The control can be made to cycle through a test routine whenever the Test button is pushed. The
test can be halted at certain times by pushing the button a second time. For details of the test
routine, refer to the description starting on the next page.
Test
Boiler Differential and Time Delay
The Boiler Differential adjustment sets how much the actual
supplywatertemperaturemaydeviatefromthe desiredtempera-
ture before stages are turned on or off, and is determined by the
flow rate past the supply sensor relative to the amount of heat
producedby eachstage.To preventshort operatingcyclesof the
boilers the control has a delay of at least 1 minute between firing
cycles. On an installation where flow rates are known, the Boiler
Differential can be calculated as follows:
Desired temperature
this example
160°F(71°C)
Temperature WarmerCooler
Time
Differential
this example
10°F(5°C)
165°F(74°C)
155°F(68°C)
Temperaturefall
Staging
OFF ON
Temperaturerise
Boiler Differential =
For example: = 10°F (6°C)
Btu/hr
US GPM x 500
100,000 Btu/hr
20 US GPM x 500 Trial setting = 22°F if
flow rates are unknown
22°F
242
Boiler
Differential
All boilers will eventually turn on when the temperature falls
and stays
5°F (3°C) below the desired temperature. Delays of 1 to
5minutes forstaging ondepend on the degree of control error(P+I+D). Asthe temperaturerises towithin the differential range,
noboilersarestagedonoroff.Allboilerswilleventuallyturnoffwhenthetemperaturerises
andstays
5°F(3°C)abovethedesired
temperature. Delays of 8 seconds to 3 minutes for staging off depend on the degree of control error.
Settinga boilerdifferentialformodularboilers isoften complicated
by the fact that flow rates and heating loads may vary widely, and
attimes boileroutputsmaynotbe balancedto theload. Observing
the "Target Supply" fixed display while the boilers are staging can
assist the user in understanding system flow and boiler problems.
The ideal control reaction occurs when the target supply tempera-
ture remains constant or only changes slightly during the staging
process, indicating a well balanced and constant – or slowly
changing – load vs. output in the system.
If the target supply temperature decreases
rapidly
when a boiler
comes on, it indicates a heavy derivative action by the control in
response to a rapid supply temperature increase. This type of
action typically indicates a condition where the boiler output is far
inexcessoftheload,asituationthatisusuallytheresultofasystem
that is operating with only a few zones open (decreased load).
Settingawiderdifferentialandensuringaminimumfixedload(wild
loops) can help minimize this problem.
If the target supply temperature increases
rapidly
, it indicates a
heavy derivative action by the control in response to a rapid load
increase.Thistypeofactiontypicallyindicatessituationswherethe
loadisnotfinelydivided(afewlargezones)andisusuallytheresult
of one large zone opening – or a system coming out of setback –
anddelivering coldwatertotheboilers (increasedload). Typically,
this will cause many or all of the boilers to be staged on with
minimumdelay,whichisthecorrectcontrolactionforthesituation.
If the load fluctuates rapidly and repeatedly from heavy to light,
some instability may result in the staging process as the control
tries to bring on many boilers at once and then shut them off again
whenthe loadsuddenlydecreases.Thetarget temperaturewill be
constantly increasing and decreasing. Setting a wider differential
will help to stabilize the control action in many of these cases.
If the target supply temperature slowly and continually climbs, it
indicates that the supply temperature is not rising to the target
temperature. The control will continue to request more and more
boilers until the supply temperature rises sufficiently to reduce the
controlerror.Thisproblemiscalled"ResetWindup"andcanoccur
in systems where: (a) the boilers are undersized, (b) flow is
interrupted –
without removing the heat demand
– to the point
where the supply sensor cannot detect the supply temperature
increase, or (c) where the supply sensor is incorrectly placed – ie.
on the wrong pipe or on the
return
of a system with very long runs.
The problem must be identified and corrective action taken.
If the target supply temperature slowly and continually decreases
after the boilers have been shut down, it indicates that the supply
temperatureishotterthanthetargettemperature.Thiscanhappen
insystemswithhighmassboilerswheretheflowhasbeenstopped
withoutusingtheheatdemandinputtothecontrol
,andconvection
from the still hot boiler continues to heat the supply sensor. If the
heatdemandinputisusedtoshutthesystemdown,thecontrolwill
ignore the sensor reading during the off cycle.
Overheatingof buildings inwarm weather willoccur where minimumboiler temperatures are
required, unless the building has either a mixing system to reduce system supply water
temperaturestobelowboilerminimums,orsomesortofroomtemperaturecontrolandzoning
system. Zone controls from tekmar, when used in these applications, will provide room
temperature feedback information to this control, allowing it to shift the heating curve for
maximum comfort and energy savings.
TypicalMinimumBoilerOperatingTemperatures: •SteelTubeBoilers …140°to180°F(60°
to 82°C) • Cast Iron Boilers …130°to 150°F (54°to 66°C) • Copper Tube Boilers …105°to
150°F (41°to 66°C) • Condensing or Electric Boilers …Off
Note: If the control is being operated in the setpoint mode and a boiler minimum setting is
selected,the userwillbe unableto programasetpoint lowerthan theminimumtemperature
plus 1/2 of the Boiler Differential setting. If the minimum dial is set higher than the setpoint
less1/2 theBoiler Differential,the setpointwillautomatically beraised as thedial isturned
up. If the dial is then turned back down, the setpoint will have to be re-programmed.
Outdoor air temperature
Supply water temperature
50
(10) 30
(-1) 10
(-12) -10°F
(-23)°C
110
(43)
70
(21)
70
(21)
90
(32)
210
(99)
170
(77)
150
(65)
130
(54)
190
(88)
3.6 3.0 2.4 2.0
0.8
0.4
1.0
0.6
90
(32)
50°F
(10)°C
Heating
Curve
1.2
Minimum Supply
Setting 130°F
WWSD
Point
70°F
1.6