Tektronix MTS4EAV7 Operation instructions

xx
MTS4EAV7
HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer
ZZZ
Tutorials
*P001165001*
001-1650-01

MTS4EAV7
HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer
ZZZ
Tutorials
xx
www.tektronix.com
001-1650-01

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries
or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions.
Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication
supersedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc.
14150 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O . Bo x 50 0
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
Worldwide, visit www.tektronix.com to find contacts in your area.

Table of Contents
Getting started............................ ................ .. ................ .. ................ .. ................ .. ... 1
Basic functions................................................................................................. 2
How to begin a tutorial........................................................................................ 2
Tutorial 1: H.261 ................................................................................................... 3
Procedure ....................................................................................................... 3
Conclusion...................................................................................................... 9
Tutorial 2: H.263 compliance and motion vectors............................................................. 10
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 10
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 15
Tutorial 3: MPEG-4 compliance................................................................................. 16
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 16
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 22
Tutorial 4: MPEG-4 optimization ............................................................................... 23
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 23
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 30
Tutorial 5: MP4 compliance basics.............................................................................. 31
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 31
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 36
Tutorial 6: MP4 optimization .................................................................................... 37
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 37
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 41
Tutorial 7: 3GPP/MPEG-4 compliance......................................................................... 42
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 43
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 47
Tutorial 8: H.264/AVC syntax error............................................................................. 48
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 48
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 50
Tutorial 9: MPEG-4 and H.264/AVC buffer analysis ......................................................... 52
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 53
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 64
Tutorial 10: MPEG-2 compliance ............................................................................... 65
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 65
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 74
Tutorial 11: Fidelity analysis..................................................................................... 75
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 75
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 84
Tutorial 12: HEVC analysis...................................................................................... 85
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 85
Conclusion..................................................................................................... 96
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials i

Table of Contents
Tutorial 13: Closed caption and AFD analysis................................................................. 97
Procedure ...................................................................................................... 98
Conclusion................................................................................................... 105
ii MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials

Getting started
This set of eleven tutorials helps you learn more about operating the Tektronix
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer. Perform
tutorials 1 through 11 in the order they are presented, regardless of the video
standard of interest. Tutorial 10 relates only to MPEG-2 and interlaced video.
NOTE. Although the order code for this product is MTS4EAV7, the product is
generally referred to as the MTS4EA throughout the software and documentation.
The tutorials will help you answer the following questions:
How do you know that your video compression complies with the standards
If your codec doesn't work well with other vendors' codecs, where is the
problem — is it with your codec or theirs
Are you optimizing your Codec
Are you making the best use of available bandwidth
Which frames and movement types use the most bits and why
What changes to your codec software give the best reductions in bits used for
the least reduction in visual quality
What types of video content does your codec work poorly with and why
A description for each tutorial follows. (See Table 1.)
Table 1: Tutorial descriptions
Tutorial Name Standard Areas Covered
1 H.261 H.261 Syntax error; compression
optimization; graph analysis
2 H.263 compliance and motion
vectors
H.263 Baseline Errors and error log; motion vectors.
3MPEG-4 compliance MPEG-4 Simple Profile Common errors; searching for areas
of codec optimization.
4MPEG-4 optimization MPEG-4 Adv. Simple Profile Common errors; HexView
bitstream analysis; video navigator;
synchronize views; project files
5MP4 compliance basics MP4/ Simple Profile/ L1(2) Extract and examine container files;
level conformance error.
6 MP4 optimization MP4/ Simple Profile/ L1(2) Using MB type overlays and
searching for areas of optimization.
73GPP/MPEG-4 compliance 3GPP/MPEG-4 Simple Profile/ L1 Common errors; searching for areas
for optimization
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials 1

Getting started
Table 1: Tutorial descriptions (cont.)
Tutorial Name Standard Areas Covered
8H.264/AVC syntax error H.264/AVC Extended Profile/ L3 Syntax error in PPS; trace analysis
of syntax
9MPEG-4 and H.264/AVC buffer
analysis
MPEG-4 ASP and H.264/AVC Buffer analysis in MPEG-4 and
H.264/AVC; fixing problems.
10 MPEG-2 compliance MPEG-2 Main Profile / Main Level Syntax errors; MPEG structure
analysis; interlace.
11 Fidelity analysis MPEG-4, MPEG-2, and H.264 Fidelity analysis; visual difference.
12 HEVC analysis H.265/HEVC HEVC tooltips and analysis
13 Closed caption and AFD analysis MPEG-2 Closed caption tooltips and analysis;
AFD analysis
Basic functions
To complete the tutorial procedures, you must be familiar with the following basic
functions. (See Table 2.) To perform the desired function, click the associated
icon or type the appropriate keyboard shortcut.
Table 2: Basic functions
Function Forward Backward
Icon Keyboard shortcut Icon Keyboard shortcut
Play video Ctrl + P Ctrl + Shift + P
Stop video Ctrl + S Ctrl + S
Pause/step one frame Ctrl + A Ctrl + Shift + A
Fast forward/backward Ctrl + F Ctrl + Shift + F
Pause on frame
Skip to next frame
type/number/time
Ctrl + K Ctrl + Shift + K
How to begin a tutorial
1. After starting MTS4EA, click anywhere to remove the splash screen. If you
do nothing, the splash screen will disappear after 4 seconds.
2. Load the desired tutorial stream. Note that the demo version of the MTS4EA
will only play the provided example video files.
2 MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials

Tutorial 1: H.261
This tutorial shows non-compliance issues with the H.261 standard using temporal
references and graphical analysis.
Procedure
1. To load the H.261 tutorial, click File >Example files >H.261 stream >
Conference Room. The window title changes to MTS4EA-H.261 Example
- Conference Room, and a warning message appears. (See Figure 1.)
Figure 1: Initial warning message
NOTE. The H.261 standard states that the temporal reference (TR) value is the
previous TR value + 1 + the number of skipped or non-reference pictures at the
picture clock frequency (PCF). TR is 8 bits only, 0–255, at the standard PCF of
29.97 frames per second. However, if a custom PCF is used, then TR is 10 bits: 8
LSBs are denoted as TR and 2 MSBs are ETR, but they are taken together as a
single 10-bit number.
2. View the warning message elements:
Warning - Indicates that two consecutive temporal references are zero.
Summary - Gives summary information about the stream.
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials 3

Tutorial 1: H.261
Skip this Warning only in the future - elects to skip this particular
warning in the future (recommended).
Skip ALL Warning alerts in the future -electstoskipthisalertand
all other alerts in the future.
3. Select Skip this Warning only in the future, and then click Continue.
4. Click the toolbar icon or type CTRL +Pto resume playing the video.
5. As you view the video, notice the following: (See Figure 2.)
Movement in the video is too quick (requires PC with processing speed
of greater than or equal to 1 GHz)
Unwanted noise (visual artifacts) is visible when the man waves his arm
(starting around frame 128, continuing into frame 161, with some artifacts
remaining until frame 203)
Status bar notes that one alert is disabled
Although the video stream will play and will probably be decoded by other
H.261 decoders, the H.261 sequence was incorrectly encoded, showing
temporal issues.
Figure 2: Visual artifacts
4 MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials

Tutorial 1: H.261
6. Click Overlay on the menu and select MB Types, or click the Overlay icon
on the toolbar. MB (macroblock) Types are color coded and can be
undocked, resized, or switched off. (See Figure 3.)
NOTE. The H.261 standard has 10 MB types. For more information on using
these, see the user manual.
Figure 3: MB overlay
7. Check that the video is in either Play or Pause mode.
8. Click the MB Tooltip icon on the toolbar. The Tooltip typically docks at
the left edge of the window, but you can undock it by pressing <CTRL> on
your keyboard while dragging the Tooltip with your mouse.
9. Move the mouse over the video. A white box will display around the MB
from which data is being read. The Tooltip shows information about that
MB.(SeeFigure4.)
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials 5

Tutorial 1: H.261
Figure 4: MB types and data
10. Advance through the video frame by frame, noting many green Intra MBs in
the background wall. These block types use the most bits. (See Figure 5.)
Figure 5: Intra MBs in the background wall and MB data
11. Stop the video sequence.
12. To analyze the MB data, select Analysis from the menu and select Video
graph enable. A dialog box will appear. (See Figure 6.)
6 MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials

Tutorial 1: H.261
Figure 6: Analysis dialog box
13. Check the Enable,Spatial bits/MB,andIntra coded frequency boxes in the
Analysis dialog box.
14. Select the output filename: h261.xls.
15. Click OK andthenplaythevideo.
16. When play ends, the data is exported to the .xls file and MS Excel will open.
ClickEnable macros. The screen will flash as the macros run.
17. Click Spatial Bits per MB to view a graph of the spatial bits per MB. (See
Figure 7.)
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials 7

Tutorial 1: H.261
Figure 7: Spatial bits per MB
NOTE. Notice that many bits are used in the center (by the man), top left (too
many), and along the bottom edge (too many). These last two are errors.
18. Click the Intra Coded Frequency tabtoviewagraphoftheIntraCoded
Frequency. (See Figure 8.)
8 MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials

Tutorial 1: H.261
Figure 8: Intra coded frequency
NOTE. Notice that there are many Intra-coded MBs at the top left of the graph.
This indicates that there is an error with Intra-coding in the encoder.
Conclusion
This tutorial demonstrated that the H.261 bitstream is not standard compliant and
that there were coding inefficiencies. These problems were discovered through
TR errors and frequency of playing. Coding inefficiencies were discovered
through graphical analysis.
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials 9

Tutorial 2: H.263 compliance and motion vectors
Tutorial 2: H.263 compliance and motion vectors
This tutorial covers the standards and compliance issues in H.263 and also
demonstrates the proper functioning of the motion vectors.
Procedure
1. To load the H.263 tutorial, click File >Example files >H.263 stream >
Rally (250K). The window title changes to MTS4EA-H.263 Example -
Rally (250k), and a warning message appears. (See Figure 9.)
Figure 9: Initial warning message
2. View the warning message elements:
Warning - Indicates that the PSUPP field is being sent and ignored.
Summary - Gives summary information about the stream.
10 MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials

Tutorial 2: H.263 compliance and motion vectors
Skip this Warning only in the future -electstoskipthisparticular
warning in the future (recommended).
Skip ALL Warning alerts in the future -electstoskipthisalertand
all other alerts in the future.
3. Select Skip this Warning only in the future, and then click Continue.
4. Click the toolbariconortypeCTRL +Pto resume playing the video.
Another error message appears. (See Figure 10.)
5. View the error information provided, which indicates a more serious error that
occurs at bitstream byte address 0x0c9cfa, bit 3, after frame 326.
Figure 10: Initial error message
6. Click Continue. Another error message will appear. (See Figure 11.)
7. Note that it was an MBCPC error that resulted in the Out of Sync alert
message. This often occurs when one syntax error triggers a series of alerts.
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials 11

Tutorial 2: H.263 compliance and motion vectors
Figure 11: Out of sync error message
8. Select the Skip ALL Error alerts in the future check box, and then click
Continue.
9. To open the Alert Log, click the Alert Log icon . The Alert log window
will appear. (See Figure 12.)
10. Note the active filter button in the toolbar. Because Skip ALL error alerts in
the future was selected, the alert log view is filtered and the filter button is
active. The status bar indicates that 23 of 24 alerts are hidden.
11. Click the Filter icon to deactivate the filter and view all alerts. (See Figure 13.)
12 MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials

Tutorial 2: H.263 compliance and motion vectors
Figure 12: Alert Log window, filtered
Figure 13: Alert Log and Alert Details
MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials 13

Tutorial 2: H.263 compliance and motion vectors
12. Double-click an alert to view the alert details and then click Close.View
the columns that appear in the alert log and note the column descriptions
that follow. (See Figure 14.)
Level - the severity level for the alert. Levels include Info,Warning,
Error,andFatal.
ID - MTS4EA unique alert ID number.
Class - Syntax area where the alert occurs.
Title - Alert title.
Decode and Display - Frame numbers where the alert is decoded and
displayed (can vary).
Address - The address of the alert in the bitstream.
Details - Alert details.
Figure 14: Alert Log, unfiltered
13. Close the Alert log and return to the main page of the application.
14. Click the icon to play the video again with the Motion Vectors (MVs)
visible. (See Figure 15.)
15. Note the following about the image:
The white dots are at the center of each MacroBlock.
The white lines indicate motion vectors. The arrows for each MV point to
the position in the previous frame that contains the data for the current
MacroBlock.
16. Click the color transfer icon to change the overlay from white to black.
17. To play the video again, click the icon or type CTRL +A. Note that the
motion vectors are clear and accurate.
14 MTS4EAV7 HEVC / AVC Video and Compressed Audio Analyzer Tutorials