Telit Wireless Solutions WE865-DUAL User manual

WE865-DUAL SW User Guide
1vv0300788 Rev. 0 08/08/08

WE865-DUAL Software User Guide
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Disclaimer
The information contained in this document is the proprietary information of Telit Communications
S.p.A. and its affiliates (“TELIT”).
The contents are confidential and any disclosure to persons other than the officers, employees, agents
or subcontractors of the owner or licensee of this document, without the prior written consent of Telit,
is strictly prohibited.
Telit makes every effort to ensure the quality of the information it makes available. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, Telit does not make any warranty as to the information contained herein, and does not
accept any liability for any injury, loss or damage of any kind incurred by use of or reliance upon the
information.
Telit disclaims any and all responsibility for the application of the devices characterized in this
document, and notes that the application of the device must comply with the safety standards of the
applicable country, and where applicable, with the relevant wiring rules.
Telit reserves the right to make modifications, additions and deletions to this document due to
typographical errors, inaccurate information, or improvements to programs and/or equipment at any
time and without notice.
Such changes will, nevertheless be incorporated into new editions of this document.
All rights reserved.
© 2008 Telit Communications S.p.A.

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Applicable Products
Product Part Number
WE865-DUAL 3990400528

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Contents
1Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1Scope........................................................................................................................................................6
1.2Audience..................................................................................................................................................6
1.3Contact Information, Support...............................................................................................................6
1.4Open Source Licenses.............................................................................................................................6
1.4.1Linux Wireless Tools...........................................................................................................................................6
1.4.2Wpa Supplicant....................................................................................................................................................7
1.4.3CSR Linux WiFi Driver.......................................................................................................................................7
1.5Product Overview...................................................................................................................................8
1.6Document Organization.........................................................................................................................8
1.7Text Conventions....................................................................................................................................9
1.8Related Documents.................................................................................................................................9
1.9Document History...................................................................................................................................9
2WE865-DUAL architecture............................................................................................................ 10
2.1Hardware...............................................................................................................................................10
2.2Software.................................................................................................................................................10
2.2.1Linux OS overview............................................................................................................................................10
2.2.2Linux WiFi software framework........................................................................................................................12
3Connecting WE865-DUAL to PRO3.............................................................................................. 14
4Configuring WE865-DUAL ........................................................................................................... 15
4.1Typical IEEE 802.11 network scenario ..............................................................................................15
4.2WE865-DUAL Setup............................................................................................................................16
4.2.1WiFi Package Downloading..............................................................................................................................16
4.2.2Loading the WiFi Driver....................................................................................................................................18
4.2.3Configuring the WiFi Network Interface...........................................................................................................19
4.2.4Auto-Setup at system startup.............................................................................................................................22
5Commands summary...................................................................................................................... 23
5.1Wireless Tools examples ......................................................................................................................24
5.2WiFi Security examples........................................................................................................................24
6Wireless Tools................................................................................................................................. 25
6.1iwconfig..................................................................................................................................................25
6.2iwlist.......................................................................................................................................................33

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6.3ifrename.................................................................................................................................................35
6.4iwevent...................................................................................................................................................37
6.5iwgetid....................................................................................................................................................39
7WPA/WPA2 Security...................................................................................................................... 41
7.1Configuring wpa_supplicant ...............................................................................................................41
7.2Running wpa_supplicant .....................................................................................................................43
7.3wpa_cli...................................................................................................................................................43
8Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 45
8.1WPA/WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)................................................................................................................45
8.1.1Personal Mode (PSK) ........................................................................................................................................45
8.1.2Enterprise Mode.................................................................................................................................................45
8.2WPA Supplicant ...................................................................................................................................45
8.2.1Supported features .............................................................................................................................................46
8.2.2Source code architecture....................................................................................................................................47
9Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 48

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1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This user guide serves the following purpose:
Describes WE865-DUAL software architecture
Describes how software developers can use the functions of the WiFi software package to
configure and manage the WE865-DUAL wireless interface
1.2 Audience
This User Guide is intended for software developers who develop applications on the GE863-PRO³
module for configuring and managing WE865-DUAL wireless module.
1.3 Contact Information, Support
Our aim is to make this guide as helpful as possible. Keep us informed of your comments and
suggestions for improvements.
For general contact, technical support, report documentation errors and to order manuals, contact
Telit’s Technical Support Center at:
[email protected] or http://www.telit.com/en/products/technical-support-center/contact.php
Telit appreciates feedback from the users of our information.
1.4 Open Source Licenses
WiFi software package is made up of different Open Source Software licensed as follows.
1.4.1 Linux Wireless Tools
Linux Wireless Extensions and Wireless Tools are Open Source projects released under GPL (GNU
GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE) v.2, sponsored by Hewlett Packard through Jean Tourrilhes’
contribution since 1996, and build with the contribution of many Linux users all over the world.
For further information about GNU License please have a look at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.

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Wireless Tools project site: http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Tools.html
1.4.2 Wpa Supplicant
WPA Supplicant is free software; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the GNU
General Public License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
For further information about GNU License please have a look at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.
Alternatively, this software may be distributed, used, and modified under the terms of BSD license.
Jouni Malinen’s wpa_supplicant official project site: http://hostap.epitest.fi/wpa_supplicant/.
1.4.3 CSR Linux WiFi Driver
CSR Linux WiFi driver is licensed as follows:
SOFTWARE LICENCE AGREEMENT FOR UNIFI LINUX DRIVER SOURCE CODE
By receiving this software, the customer (YOU) accepts the terms and
conditions herein.
GRANT OF LICENCE
Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited, hereafter referred to as CSR, grants
YOU a worldwide royalty-free nonexclusive licence to use and
distribute this software including source code under the following
conditions:
1) The source will only be used in conjunction with projects that
use CSR UniFi chips.
2) YOU will provide the source code of any bug fixes to the software
back to CSR under the same terms as to which CSR provides the
original software to YOU.
3) CSR does not accept liability for any bugs in the software.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
CSR makes no warranties as to the fitness for purpose, merchantability
or function of this software. CSR accepts no responsibility for the use
of the software. CSR accepts no liability for consequential loss. CSR
does not warrant or provide any indemnification with respect to
intellectual property infringement claims for third party claims.
EXTENTS
Where there are other agreements between YOU and CSR, the restrictions
imposed by the other agreements shall be additive, and where there is
conflict between agreements, any restrictions in agreements shall take
precedence over grants made by this agreement, with the specific
exception of other agreements granting distribution rights over this
software.
GOVERNING LAW
These Terms and the supply of the Products by CSR are governed by
English law, and YOU agree to resolve all disputes exclusively in the
English Courts, but without prejudice to our right to seek injunctive or
other relief in any court of competent jurisdiction world-wide.

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1.5 Product Overview
The WE865-DUAL is a dual-mode Wi-Fi short range wireless companion product to the GE863-PRO³
device family. Based on the processing power of dual 60MHz RISC processor cores, the WE865-
DUAL is a versatile and powerful addition to any GE863-PRO³-based design instantly adding the
power of Wi-Fi communications and the versatility of the SDIO interface.
1.6 Document Organization
This manual contains the following chapters:
•“Chapter 1, Introduction” provides a scope for this manual, target audience, technical contact
information, and text conventions.
•“Chapter 2, WE865-DUAL architecture” describes the general hardware and software
architecture for WE865-DUAL-GE863-PRO system.
•“Chapter 3, Connecting WE865-DUAL to PRO3” describes how to connect WE865-DUAL
interface board to GE863-PRO³.
•“Chapter 4, Configuring WE865-DUAL” provides some basic concepts on IEEE 802.11
Wireless Networks and describes how to configure WE865-DUAL.
•“Chapter 5, Commands summary” provides a list and some examples on the most commonly
used shell commands for configuring WE865-DUAL.
•“Chapter 6, Wireless Tools” provides a reference to the commands used to configure and
manage WE865-DUAL.
•“Chapter 7, WPA/WPA2 Security” provides a reference to wpa_supplicant and wpa_cli tools
used to configure and manage WPA/WPA2 security modes.
•“Chapter 8, Appendix” provides an in depth view of IEEE 802.11i WPA/WPA2 and
wpa_supplicant.
•“Chapter 9, Acronyms and Abbreviations” provides definition for all the acronyms and
abbreviations used in this guide.
How to Use
If you are new to this product, it is highly recommended to start by reading through
TelitGE863PRO3Linux Development Environment User Guide and TelitGE863PRO3Linux SW User
Guide manuals and this document in their entirety in order to understand the concepts and specific
features provided by the built in software of the GE863-PRO3.

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1.7 Text Conventions
This section lists the paragraph and font styles used for the various types of information presented in
this user guide.
Format Content
Courier Linux shell commands at command prompt.
1.8 Related Documents
The following documents are related to this user guide:
[1] TelitGE863-PRO³ Hardware User Guide 1vv0300773a
[2] TelitGE863PRO3EVK User Guide 1VV0300776
[3] TelitGE863PRO3Linux SW User Guide 1vv0300781
[4] TelitGE863PRO3Linux Development Environment User Guide1VV0300780
[5] TelitWE865-DUAL Product Description
[6] TelitWE865-DUAL Hardware User Guide
All documentation can be downloaded from Telit’s official web site www.telit.com if not otherwise
indicated.
1.9 Document History
R
Re ev vi is si io on n D Da at te e C Ch ha an n
g
ge es s
ISSUE #0 08/08/08 First Release

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2 WE865-DUAL architecture
2.1 Hardware
WE865-DUAL WiFi module is connected and communicates with GE863-PRO³ through an SDIO
interface. For further hardware information please refer to [1] , [2] , [5] and [6]
2.2 Software
Studying Linux Operating System and Linux WiFi Software Framework is important to better
understand how WE865-DUAL can be configured and controlled.
Below you can find a high level description of Linux OS Architecture and the different software layers
involved in WE865-DUAL control.
2.2.1 Linux OS overview
The kernel is the central part of the GNU/Linux operating system: its main task is to manage system’s
resources in order to make the hardware and the software to communicate. A kernel usually deals
with process management (including inter-process communication), memory management and device
management.
The Linux kernel belongs to the family of Unix-like operating system kernel; created in 1991, it has
been developed in the years by a huge number of contributors worldwide, becoming one of the most
common and versatile kernel for embedded systems.
Below there is a picture representing, from a high level perspective, the architecture of a GNU/Linux
operating system.

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Two regions can be identified:
1) User space: where the user applications are executed.
2) Kernel space: where the kernel (with all its components such as device drivers) works.
These two regions are separated and have different memory address spaces; there are several
methods for user/kernel interaction:
•Using the System Call Interface that connects to the kernel and provides the mechanism to
communicate between the user-space application and the kernel through the C library.
•Using kernel calls directly from application code leaping over the C library.
•Using the virtual filesystem /proc.
The ordinary C library in Linux system is the glibc. Uclibc is a C library mainly targeted for developing
embedded Linux systems; despite being much smaller than the glibc it almost has all its features
(including shared libraries and threading), making easy to port applications from glibc to uclibc.
The Linux kernel architecture-independent code stays on the top of platform specific code for the
GE863-PRO³ board: this code allows exploiting all the hardware features of the GE863-PRO³.

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2.2.2 Linux WiFi software framework
WE865-DUAL Linux WiFi package is made up of different components:
WiFi Driver – WE865-DUAL Linux WiFi device driver
Wireless Tools – Set of tools for configuring and managing WE865-DUAL
Wpa Supplicant – Tool for configuring and managing WPA/WPA2 security
WE865-DUAL WiFi module is controlled, under Linux OS, by the means of a WiFi device driver loaded
into Kernel Space.
WE865-DUAL functionalities are made available to User Space applications through Linux Wireless
Extensions (WE), kernel space generic APIs allowing a driver to expose to the user space
configuration and statistics specific to common Wireless LANs.
Customer applications can control/configure WE865-DUAL through simple system calls to shell
commands such as Wireless Tools and Wpa Supplicant.
The image below shows the software framework used to configure and control WE865-DUAL.

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3 Connecting WE865-DUAL to PRO3
Prior to any use WE865-DUAL interface board must be correctly connected to GE863-PRO3as shown
below.
Please Note: to disable WE865-DUAL internal voltage regulators PL101 and PL102 jumpers must be
closed (see [6] for further information).

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4 Configuring WE865-DUAL
In order to better understand how to configure WE865-DUAL wifi module it is very important to read
the introduction in typical wireless networks configurations and devices involved.
4.1 Typical IEEE 802.11 network scenario
A typical wireless network is mainly made up of clients and Access Points (AP).
Clients (such as PCs, PDAs, laptops, VOIP phones, etc.) connect to an AP. The AP usually connects
to a wired network and can relay data between wireless devices and wired devices.
Connection between clients and the AP can be secured enabling different encryption modes like WEP,
WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i). Enterprise wireless LANs usually use RADIUS authentication servers
along with encryption in order to have as strong as possible WiFi connections. When WPA/WPA2
encryption is used, we talk about WPA-Personal in non Enterprise environments, and WPA-Enterprise
otherwise. For further information about WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) see 8.1 paragraph.
PC
Mobile
Applications
Wired
LAN
Wireless
LAN
Access Point
RADIUS
Authentication
Server

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When clients connect to each other through an AP, as shown above, they operate in
Managed/Infrastructure mode.
Another WiFi network topology that allows clients to directly connect to each other without APs
forming a peer-to-peer link is called Ad-Hoc.
4.2 WE865-DUAL Setup
4.2.1 WiFi Package Downloading
Before setting up WE865-DUAL, the components of the WiFi Package must be downloaded onto
GE863-PRO³ filesystem.
If you don’t have WE865-DUAL WiFi Package yet, you can download it from Telit’s official web site
Download Zone http://www.telit.com/en/products/download-zone.php.
Connect the GE863-PRO³ to your host system via serial cable (use Debug port of the EVK, for further
details refer to document [2]). Open a terminal program (such as Hyperterminal) on your host system
and use for the connection the following parameters:
Bits per second: 115200
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
Turn the GE863-PRO³ on. Once the system startup has finished, the terminal will display the shell
prompt as shown below.

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Start Colinux and make sure the Ethernet on USB connection via USB port is correctly configured as
shown in [4] .
Now start Eclipse and download the following files onto GE863-PRO³ filesystem as shown in [4] :
WiFi Driver:
- loader.xbv
- sta.xbv
- ufmib.dat
- unifi_manager
- unifi_sdio.ko
- unififw
Wireless Tools:
- iwconfig
- iwlist
- ifrename
- iwevent
- iwgetid
- libiw.so.29
Wpa Supplicant:
- wpa_supplicant
- wpa_cli

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Now create the /lib/firmware/ and /lib/firmware/unifi-sdio-0/ folders:
# mkdir /lib/firmware/
# mkdir /lib/firmware/unifi-sdio-0
Now move the downloaded files from the download folder to the right destination folder.
Supposing you are into the download folder, type:
For WiFi driver:
# mv unifi_sdio.ko /lib/
# mv *.xbv ufmib.dat /lib/firmware/unifi-sdio-0/
# mv unifi_manager unififw /usr/sbin/
For Wireless Tools:
# mv iwconfig iwlist ifrename iwevent iwgetid /usr/sbin/
# mv libiw.so.29 /lib/
For Wpa Supplicant:
# mv wpa_supplicant wpa_cli /usr/sbin/
4.2.2 Loading the WiFi Driver
Go to /lib folder and load the WE865-DUAL wifi driver as shown below:
# cd /lib
# insmod unifi_sdio.ko

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Once the wifi driver has been successfully loaded the eth0 network interface is available.
4.2.3 Configuring the WiFi Network Interface
An IP address can now be assigned to the eth0 wifi network interface. For example, to assign the IP
address 192.168.1.12 to the device, with a netmask 255.255.255.0, type:
# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.12 netmask 255.255.255.0
Then eth0 can be activated:
# ifconfig eth0 up

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Once the eth0 network interface has been activated it is possible, for example, to perform a scanning
of wifi networks as shown below:
# iwlist eth0 scan