Thames & Kosmos AIR Plus Water Power User manual

EXPERIMENT MANUAL
Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co. KG, Pfizerstr. 5-7, 70184 Stuttgart, Germany | [phone] | www.kosmos.de
Thames & Kosmos, 301 Friendship St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA | 1-800-587-2872 | www.thamesandkosmos.com
Thames & Kosmos UK LP, 20 Stone Street, Cranbrook, Kent, TN17 3HE, UK | 01580 713000 | www.thamesandkosmos.co.uk

AIR+WATER power | Safety Information
WARNING! Not suitable for children under 3 years. Choking hazard — small parts may be
swallowed or inhaled. Strangulation hazard — long cords may become wrapped around
the neck.
Keep packaging and instructions as they contain important information.
DEAR PARENTS:
• This is a toy that has been designed for children over 8 years of age. It is not suitable for
children under 3 years of age. It contains small parts that a child could swallow, and long
tubes, which may become wrapped around the neck. It must be kept out of the reach of
very young children.
• Discuss the safety warnings and possible risks involved with the children before allowing
them to build these models.

1
Contents | AIR+WATER power
Parts List ................................................................................................................................................ 1
Learning about Gears .................................................................................................................... 2-4
Learning about Sprockets .............................................................................................................. 5
Tips and Tricks for Building the Models ...................................................................................... 6
The Main Components ..................................................................................................................... 7
Assembly Notes ................................................................................................................................... 8
Operating Notes .................................................................................................................................. 9
Air+Water Turbine Models ............................................................................................................. 10
Air+Water Turbine Models (with water-recycling system)
How to Operate ............................................................................................................................ 11
Model 1 Cutting Machine .................................................................................................. 12-13
Model 2 Grinding Machine................................................................................................... 14-15
Model 3 Truck ........................................................................................................................ 16-17
Model 4 Excavator ................................................................................................................ 18-19
Model 5 Radar Car ................................................................................................................ 20-21
Model 6 Tank .......................................................................................................................... 22-23
Model 7 Antique Car .............................................................................................................24-25
Water-Jet Propelled Models (without water-recycling system)
Water-Jet Vehicles ........................................................................................................................ 26
Jet Propulsion Experiment ........................................................................................................ 27
Model 8 Rocket Car ............................................................................................................. 28-29
Model 9 Excavator ...............................................................................................................30-31
Model 10 Heavy Motorbike ................................................................................................32-33
Model 11 Helicopter .............................................................................................................34-35
Model 12 Radar Car ..............................................................................................................36-37
Model 13 Forklift ....................................................................................................................38-39
Model 14 Antique Car .......................................................................................................... 40-42
Model 15 Propeller Aircraft .............................................................................................. 43-45

2
AIR+WATER power | Parts List
PCS
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
80
2
1
1
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
PARTS NAMES
PRESSURIZED AIR+WATER TANK
WATER STORAGE TANK
WHEEL AND TIRE
SHORT FRAME
PUMP
AIR+WATER TURBINE
CAP FOR AIR+WATER TANK
NOZZLE FOR AIR+WATER TANK
WASHER
CHAIN UNIT
90 DEGREE CONVERTER - L
SHORT AXLE
11-HOLE ROD
No
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
PARTS NAMES
LONG FRAME
LONG AXLE
EXTRA LONG AXLE
ONE-WAY SWITCH
CURVED ELBOW ROD
90 DEGREE CONVERTER - R
LARGE (L) SECURITY NUT
AXLE LOCK
5-HOLE ROD
7-HOLE DUAL ROD
SMALL (S) SECURITY NUT
ANCHOR PIN
O RING LARGE
PCS
5
2
2
1
4
2
2
4
2
2
2
20
2
TOTAL 165
No
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
PARTS NAMES
LARGE PULLEY
SQUARE FRAME
SMALL SPROCKET
SMALL GEAR
MEDIUM SPROCKET
BASE PLATE
LONG ROD
PART SEPARATOR TOOL
TUBE B, 120 CM
MEDIUM GEAR
LAUNCHER
LARGE SPROCKET
TUBE A, 200 CM
PCS
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
2319
24 25
26
27
28
32
33
36
37
38 39
31
34 35
20 21
22
29
16
17
18
13
14
30
3
x 1
x 1x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 5
x 2
x 2x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 3
x 4
x 4
x 80
x 20
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 1
x 2

3
Learning about Gears | AIR+WATER power
Gears are wheels with teeth on them. The teeth, or cogs, of one gear mesh with the teeth of another gear to
transmit force between them. A combination of two or more gears is called a transmission, or gear train. You can
see transmissions with meshing gears inside old toys or old clocks. Gearboxes can be found inside the transmis-
sion system of cars, which combine meshing gears of dierent sizes. This allows the car’s driver to easily change
between dierent speeds.
Do you know how gears work? You can learn how gears work and why they are useful by reading this manual and
building the models in this kit that use gears. The building blocks in this kit were designed based on the number
ten and its multiples, including the size of the components, the distance between the holes, or the unique gears.
This makes it easy to both assemble the gears and also conveniently calculate the gear ratio or change the ro-
tary speed. Dierent from other gear designs that use the number seven or eight as their fundamental number,
these gears were created to be perfect for teaching science to kids because they are easy to assemble and
they make it easy to calculate gear ratios (explained below).
We recommend a gradual learning process using these gears, which begins with very basic assemblies to un-
derstand how each of the components fit together. After you build all of the models in this instruction book
and understand how to use gear trains, you can put your unlimited creativity to work and design vehicles and
machines on your own. Let your imagination guide you!
Now let’s look closely at gears and how we use them. Find the gears in this kit. The wheels which have many
tooth-shaped objects sticking out of their edges are gears. Two gears can mesh with each other using the teeth
on the edges. When one gear rotates, the other one will be driven to rotate as well. The intermeshing teeth of
the two gears transmit torque (turning force) and rotation.
A simple gear train uses two gears with the
same or dierent sizes. If one of these gears
is attached to a motor or a crank, it takes the
role of the driver gear. The gear that is turned by
the driver gear is called the driven gear. Gears of
dierent sizes are used to increase or decrease
the speed or the power of rotary motion. The
relationship between the number of teeth on
intermeshing gears is called the gear ratio (or
speed ratio). The gear ratio reveals the change
in speed or power from one gear to the other.
Fig. B
Illustration of gear ratio calculation
Fig. A
The intermeshing of gears
can eectively transmit
force to cause rotation. The
red circle represents the ac-
tual diameter of the trans-
mission, which is called the
pitch diameter. The special
shape of the teeth allows
for smooth intermeshing
and transmits power along
the pitch.
GEAR
40 teeth
Driven gear
20 teeth
Driver gear
(2:1)
Velocity
ratio =
= =
Number teeth driven gear
Number teeth driver gear
40
20
1
2

4
AIR+WATER power | Learning about Gears
160 T*
20 T
40 T
60 T*
80 T*
The big gear has more teeth than the small
gear. Despite the number of teeth or the
size of the gears, all of the teeth on all of the
gears in the same gear system must all be
the same size. In simple gear trains, the driver
and driven gears will rotate in opposite direc-
tions. When a third gear is inserted between
the driver gear and driven gear, and makes
them rotate in the same direction, it is called
an idler gear.
The gears in this construction system come
in five dierent types: 20T, 40T, 60T, 80T, and
160T, the extra large gears. This particular kit
only contains 20T and 40T gears. The other
gears can be found in other kits.
The gear system contains both spur and
bevel gears. This kit contains “spur gears,”
which mesh in the same plane and regulate
the speed or the turning direction of the
shafts, and “bevel gears” (the beveled edges
of the gears) which mesh together at right
angles to the initial turning plane of the gears
and shafts to change the plane of rotation.
The pitch diameter of the gears in this gear
system is proportional to the number of gear
teeth. In other words, the pitch diameter of
the 20T gears is 20 millimeters while the
pitch diameter of the 40T gears is 40 mil-
limeters. Again, the pitch diameters are the
imaginary circles between the meshed gear
teeth as shown in Figure E.
The gears are easy to install on the rods
and frames in this kit, because the rods and
frames have holes positioned in increments
of ten millimeters. The pitch diameters are
in multiples of 20 millimeters, and thus the
distance between the center points of the
gears is in multiples of ten millimeters.
In Fig. E, the distance between the centers of
the two gears is calculated like this:
Therefore you can easily place the two gears
on a rod or frame so that they mesh together
smoothly. The other sizes of gears are de-
signed with the same elegantly simple con-
cept, so that all of the gears can easily be
assembled into working gear trains.
According to the instructions above, can
you figure out how many holes there are be-
tween a 40T and a 60T gear when they are
meshed?
Fig. D Characteristics of gear teeth
Fig. E The transmission between the pitches
during the meshing of two gears
Fig. C Gears (T = Number of teeth)
(*Not included in this particular kit.)
= 30 mmR1 + R2 = +
20 mm
2
40 mm
2
R1 R2

5
Learning about Sprockets | AIR+WATER power
1. The power transmission in chain gear systems depends on
chains instead of the direct meshing of gears. Chains must fit
on the teeth of chain gears. Gears used with chains are called
sprockets. The “working” diameters of the sprockets in this
kit are about 10 mm (10-tooth), 20 mm (20-tooth) and 30 mm
(30-tooth). Try to ensure that when connecting drive chains
they are neither too tight nor too loose so that the motion of
one is transmitted eciently to the other. If the chain lengths
do not exactly fit, opt for adding an extra chain segment: a
chain that is a little loose will work better than one that is too
tight. However, the chain has to be tight enough so that it does
not fall o the sprockets. Chain gear systems can be found in
normal bikes or escalators.
2. Connect a 10-tooth sprocket to a 30-tooth sprocket as
shown.
3. Use a pencil point, or something similar, to turn sprocket B.
Which direction does sprocket A turn?
Would this be the same if A and B were two gears meshing?
How many times do you have to turn A for B to rotate once?
The gear ratio of these two sprockets would be __ to __ ?
4. Repeat the experiment for the two assemblies below and
make a table of your results for all three.
5. Try chaining a 10-tooth sprocket and two 30-tooth sprockets
together as shown. Turn A clockwise.
What happens to B and C?
Do they turn in the same direction?
Do they turn at the same speed?
6. Now try to chain the 10-tooth sprocket C as shown.
Turn A clockwise. What happens to B and C?
Do they turn in the same direction?
Do they turn at the same speed?
7. By connecting two sets of chain gears together three speeds
can be obtained.
This system is widely used in the transmission on bicycles by
adding a gear shift in between.
A B
A B
A B
A B
C
A B
C

6
AIR+WATER power | Tips and Tricks for Building the Models
ATTACHING BASE PLATES, RODS, AND FRAMES
ATTACHING GEARS
1. The anchor pin can be used to join rods
and frames (Fig. 1).
2. Frames can be connected directly to
each other end to end (Fig. 2).
3. You can use the end “A” of the part sep-
arator tool to pry an anchor pin out of a
hole (Fig. 3).
When connecting gears onto the frame with a drive
axle, be sure to keep a proper gap (about 1 mm)
between the gears and the frames. Try to turn the
gear and confirm that every gear in the gear train
turns smoothly so that friction is minimized. This is
how you can achieve ecient power transmissions
(Fig. 4 & 5).
When you use a motor to drive a wheeled vehicle,
the gear wheels should be arranged symmetrically
(the holes on the two opposite chain gear wheels
must be placed in a horizontal line parallel to the
axle) and be kept at the same driven speed, or the
motor will stall and the vehicle won’t move (Fig. 8).
Attaching gears to the frame Arranging gear wheels symmetrically
NO! (without a space)
TIP! These
two holes
must be
placed in a
horizontal
line.
Holding gears in place
Axle locks are designed to
prevent a pulley wheel or
gear from moving along
the axle, or slipping. They
are easy to install without
removing the wheel or
axle (Fig. 6).
Meshing gears at 90°
When the two red gears mesh
with each other at 90°, the
one on the drive axle must be
assembled as close as pos-
sible to the outer end of the
axle so that a good mesh can
be ensured (Fig. 9).
Use a small sprocket to connect two drive axles
together to lengthen when necessary (Fig. 7).
Lengthening drive axles Connecting chain links
Make sure that you attach the chain links together
with the smooth side always on the inside, so that
the transmission can run eciently and smoothly
(Fig. 10). Note: Not all chain link colors shown are
included in this kit.
Fig. 1
Fig. 4 Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 8
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
YES! (with a space)

7
The Main Components | AIR+WATER power
Air+Water Turbine Engine
Air and water enter the turbine engine
through the entrance nozzle “A”, pushing on
and turning the water wheel, which drives
the gear train behind it to turn the axle.
Then the water flows back to the water
storage tank through the exit nozzle “B” for
repeated use.
Pump
“A” is the entrance nozzle and
“B” is the exit nozzle. You use
the pump to pump water from
the water storage tank into
the pressurized air+water
tank. When the pump handle
is pulled up, air and water will
come into the pump through
the entrance nozzle. When
the pump handle is pushed
down, the air and water will be
pushed into the pressurized
air+water tank through the
exit nozzle.
Water Storage Tank
Pressurized
Air+Water Tank
“A” is the entrance
nozzle and “B” is
the exit nozzle. Air
and water from
the water storage
tank come into the
pressurized air+water
tank through the
entrance, and leave
through the exit.
One-Way Switch
“A” is the entrance nozzle
and “B” is the exit nozzle.
When the switch lever is
in the middle, the exit is
closed, and air and water
cannot pass through the
one-way switch. When
the switch lever is turned
toward the side of the
entrance nozzle, the exit
is opened and the air and
water can flow through.
Exit
Hose B Entrance
Hose A Entrance
Water Wheel Gear Train
Front
Pay attention to the difference between the
“water storage tank” and the “air+water tank”
— you will need to be able to tell them apart by
name to properly build the models!
Back

8
AIR+WATER power | Assembly Notes
Refer back to these notes when
you are building the models.
1. NOTES FOR ASSEMBLY:
•Insert a 9.5 cm long tube into
the protruding nozzle on the
underside of the lid of the water
storage tank, and cut its other
end diagonally (Fig. 11). Position
the diagonally cut end to rest on
the inside bottom of the storage
tank so that water will easily
enter the hose when pumping.
You can attach it to the bottom
with a piece of tape if necessary.
•The lengths of hoses for the
models given in this manual are
for reference only. Be sure not
to make the hoses too tight,
twisted, or compressed (Fig.
12). Water must be able to flow
through them smoothly.
•Slide a security nut onto a hose
and screw it in completely when
connecting the hose to the
pressurized water tank and pump
(Fig. 13 & 14).
•Use an L security nut for tube A,
and an S security nut for tube B.
After repeated use, the hoses
might become worn and come
o the connection nozzles. The
solution is to cut about 1 to 1.5
cm o the end of the tube. Be
sure to wipe the nozzle dry with a
paper towel before the refreshed
hose is installed again.
•The cut hoses can be used again
and again for dierent models.
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 14
Fig. 13
Tube A: 9.5 cm
cut diagonally
S Security Nut
L Security Nut
No Security Nut
L Security Nut
Tube A
Tube B
Tube B
Tube A

9
Operating Notes | AIR+WATER power
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Refer back to these notes when you are
using the models.
2. NOTES FOR OPERATION:
•Check to ensure that all of the hoses
are fixed to the correct positions before
pumping.
•Check to ensure that the air+water tank is
screwed to the end (Fig. 15). The air+water
tank should be half-filled with water
and thus half-filled with air, but you can
experiment with dierent fill levels.
•Check to ensure that the switch lever is
set to the middle of the switch (i.e. in the
closed position, as Fig. 16 shows) before
pumping, so that the pumped air and
water can’t escape.
•Close the switch lever tightly so that air
and water cannot leak out. It may take a
decent amount of force to move the lever.
•Move the pump from the model to the
tabletop whenever you pump it, and put it
back after you finish pumping (Fig. 17).
•About ten pumps are needed to start
pushing water from the water storage
tank into the pressurized air+water tank.
Hold the pump handle up for two or three
seconds before you push it down again so
that the most water can be driven into the
pump cylinder during each pump (Fig. 18).
•Pump no more or less than 50 times.
If you pump it more than 50 times, the
basic parts might come under too much
pressure and become damaged. On the
contrary, if you pump it less than 50 times,
the power might be too weak to lead to
smooth operation. The more air you pump
into the tank, the higher the air pressure
will be, and the more energy is stored.
•Don’t pull o any of the hoses — either
during operation or before all the water
returns to the water storage tank.
Otherwise, the water stream could spurt
out of the hose and might hurt you or
make a mess.
•If a hose becomes disconnected at any
time during operation, turn o the switch
by shifting the switch level back to the
middle to stop the spray of water, and
wipe the hose end and nozzle dry before
reattaching.
•Use the one-way switch to release the air
and water remaining in the pressurized
air+water tank before you put the model
away.
Screw in the air+water
tank tightly.
Set the lever in the
closed position.
Pump on a table,
countertop, or floor.

10
AIR+WATER power | Hydro-Pneumo
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES：
When the pump moves water from the water storage tank into the pressurized air+water tank, the water
squeezes the air inside the pressurized air+water tank upward. Air is a compressible fluid. In other words, the
volume of air can be reduced by compressing it, whereas water cannot be compressed. When more and more
water is added into the air+water tank, the water takes up more and more space. Since the space within the
air+water tank is limited, the increasing volume of water compresses the air inside the air+water tank more and
more. As a result, the pressure inside increases and becomes higher than the air outside the air+water tank. This
high-pressure air pushes on the water in the air+water tank, and the water pushes outward on all sides of the
tank in an attempt to escape and resume pressure equilibrium, or balance.
After the pump first draws water into the pressurized air+water tank, and is then pumped another 40 times, more
air is pumped into the remaining fixed space occupied by the water. Thus the air pressure becomes even higher.
These phenomena include many principles from physical science:
1. Water is incompressible, whereas air is compressible.
2. Boyle’s law: For a fixed amount of gas kept at a fixed temperature, the product of the volume and pressure
is constant.
(P1 · V1 = P2 · V2) (P1 : P2 = V2 : V1) P = Pressure and V = Volume
When more air is pushed inside a fixed volume, the air pressure will rise.
3. Pascal’s principle, also called Pascal’s law, is a term in fluid (gas or liquid) mechanics. It states that if pressure
variation occurs in one part of a static fluid within a closed container, the pressure transfers to every part of
the fluid equally in all directions, and pushes outward on the container wall without any loss.
How much energy is stored within the pressurized air+water tank?
According to the following experiment, when the pump draws water into the pressurized air+water tank and is
then pumped another 40 times, the pressure is approximately 3.5 kg/cm2.

11
Air+Water Turbine Models | AIR+WATER power
1 atmospheric pressure (atm)
= 760 mmHg (torr) = 76 cmHg
= 76 · 13.6 g/cm3(density of mercury)
= 1033.6 g/cm2= 1.0336 kg/cm2
Therefore, 3.5 kg/cm2of compressed air is equal
to 3.4 atm. To grasp the potential energy of
this pressure, you have to realize that mercury
is 13 times denser than water. So, a pressure of
3.4 atm equates to the pressure of a 1-by-1 cm
column of mercury that is 76 cm tall, or a 1-by-1
cm column of water that is 35 meters tall! That is
the height of a 10-story building! This is why you
can power your models with the energy created
by simply pumping air into the air+water tank.
HOW TO OPERATE THE AIR+WATER TURBINE
1. Fill the air+water tank about half full of water and attach it onto the system. Pump the pump about 10 times
to get all water from water storage tank into the pressurized air+water tank, and keep pumping another 40
times to compress the air and build up the pressure in the air+water tank.
2. Move the level of the one-way switch to open it.
3. The released water will spray out and strike the blades of the water wheel to activate the
air+water turbine, and drive the geared mechanism behind it. The water then flows out
through the exit nozzle and returns to the water storage tank for repeated use.
Step 1 Pump 50 times. Step 2 Turn on the switch... Step 3 ...to spin the turbine...
...which drives the geared mechanism behind it. The model begins to move! (Note: Gears shown here may
dier from those in the kit.)
Back
View
The exit
Front
View
The entrance
AIR+WATER TURBINE
The first seven models in this kit use an enclosed water turbine to drive their gears and wheels.

12
AIR+WATER power | MODEL 1 Cutting Machine
Assembly Notes
Parts Needed
x 36
x 16
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 2x 2x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2 x 2
x 3
x 4
x 4
Cutting
Machine
1. The gears should mesh well with each other in order
to operate smoothly. We encourage you to tinker and
improve the design to make the models run smoothly.
2. Note that the sprockets must be aligned in order for
the chain to operate smoothly.
3. Cut Tube A and Tube B to get tubes of the following
lengths for this model. (The same tubes will be used
for all models.)
Tube A : 9.5 cm x 1, 30 cm x 1, 37 cm x 1, 44 cm x 1
Tube B : 25 cm x 1, 35 cm x 1
Tube BTube A
1 2
3
13 42
5 7
911
6 8
10
(Note: Gears shown
here may dier slightly
from those in the kit.)

13
MODEL 1 Cutting Machine | AIR+WATER power
12 1413
15 19
20 21 22
16
17 18
23 24
25
26
27 28
29 30
31 32
Completed

14
Parts Needed
AIR+WATER power | MODEL 2 Grinding Machine
Assembly Notes
x 18
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 4
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 2
x 2
x 2 x 2
x 4
x 2
x 3
Grinding Machine
Tube B
Tube A
1 2
1. The gears should mesh well with each other in order
to operate smoothly.
2. Cut Tube A and Tube B to get tubes of the following
lengths for this model.
Tube A : 9.5 cm x 1, 30 cm x 1, 37 cm x 1, 44 cm x 1
Tube B : 25 cm x 1, 35 cm x 1
1 3 42 5
7
9
11 12 13
6
810
x 1

15
MODEL 2 Grinding Machine | AIR+WATER power
14 15
19 20
21 22
16 17 18
23 24 25
26 27
28 29
Completed

16
AIR+WATER power | MODEL 3 Truck
Parts Needed
Assembly Notes
x 66
x 19
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 5 x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2 x 2
x 2
x 2
x 3
x 3
Truck
Tube B
Tube A
1 2
1. Leave a 1 mm gap between the gear and the long
frame so that the wheel can turn smoothly.
2. Cut Tube A and Tube B to get tubes of the following
lengths for this model.
Tube A : 9.5 cm x 1, 30 cm x 1, 37 cm x 1, 44 cm x 1
Tube B : 25 cm x 1, 35 cm x 1
1 3 42 5
7 9
11
12
14
13
6 8 10
15 16

17
MODEL 3 Truck | AIR+WATER power
19 20
21 22
17 18
23 24
25 26
27
28
29
30 31 32
3333
Completed
34

18
AIR+WATER power | MODEL 4 Excavator
1 3 42 5
7
9
6
810
Parts Needed
Assembly Notes
x 73
x 17
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1x 1
x 4
x 4 x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 2
x 3
x 3
Excavator
1. Note that the sprockets must be aligned in order for
the chain to operate smoothly.
2. Leave a 1 mm gap between the axle lock and the long
frame so that the wheel can turn smoothly.
3. Cut Tube A and Tube B to get tubes of the following
lengths for this model.
Tube A : 9.5 cm x 1, 30 cm x 1, 37 cm x 1, 44 cm x 1
Tube B : 25 cm x 1, 35 cm x 1
Tube A
1 2 3
Tube B