Toshiba Portege 610CT User manual

610CT
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1.1 Features
The Toshiba 610CT is one of the lightest and most advanced portable computers available.
Utilizing advanced technology and high-speed components, the 610CT offers excellent display
legibility, battery operation, and IBM PC/AT compatibility. The 610CT system unit has the
following features:
❑Microprocessor
A Pentium® Processor 90MHz with Voltage Reduction Technology (VRT) that
operates at 90 MHz, 2.9 Volts.
❑Cache memory
A 16 KB cache memory which is stored in the Pentium® Processor.
❑Disk storage
An internal 720 million-byte (MB) Hard Disk Drive (HDD) with an average access
time of 15 milliseconds. A 3.5-inch external Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) supports 2HD
floppy disks (1.44 MB) and 2DD floppy disks (720 KB).
❑Memory
Standard with 8 MB of CMOS Random Access Memory (RAM) 3.3 Volts. This
includes 640 KB of conventional memory and 7,360 KB of extended memory which
can be utilized as expanded memory compatible with the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Ex-
panded Memory Specifications (LIM-EMS).
❑TFT color LCD
A high-resolution, Thin Film Transistor (TFT) full-color LCD displays 640x480 pixels.
The internal display controller supports VGA functions for internal display and Super
VGA (SVGA) for external display.
❑Keyboard
An easy-to-use 82/84-key keyboard provides a numeric keypad overlay for fast nu-
meric data entry or for cursor and page control. The computer’s keyboard supports
software that uses a 101- or 102-key enhanced keyboard.
❑Batteries
Three different batteries: a main battery, a backup battery, and a Real Time Clock
(RTC) battery.

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❑Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) card slot
Two PCMCIA slots enable you to install an MiNC Toshiba card modem or other
industry-standard PCMCIA release 2.01 card.
❑Parallel port
One Centronics compatible parallel interface port.
❑RS-232-C port
One 9-pin serial interface port.
❑3.5-inch external FDD port
One 3.5-inch external FDD port.
❑Port replicator port
One port replicator port enables connection of an optional port replicator or external
monitor adapter. The port replicator allows connection of a PS/2 mouse, PS/2 key-
board, external monitor, printer, DC IN, serial I/O, and 3.5-inch FDD.
❑Memory module slot
One Toshiba optional memory module slot enables you to install a Toshiba optional
memory module.
❑AccuPoint
Apointer control stick, located in the center of the keyboard.
❑Sound System
ASound Blaster™ Pro™ compatible sound system to give multimedia capability with
a built-in microphone and speaker. The sound system provides a volume control dial
and headphone and microphone jacks to connect external audio devices.

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The 610CT Personal Computer is shown in figure 1-1.
Figure 1-1 610CT
The 610CT system configuration is shown in figure 1-2.
Figure 1-2 610CT system unit configuration

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610CT
1.2 System Unit Block Diagram
Figure 1-3 is a block diagram of the 610CT system unit.
Figure 1-3 610CT system board block diagram

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The 610CT system board has the following major components:
❑One Intel Pentium-90 MHz with VRT 64-bit microprocessor
Intel Pentium processor operates at 90 MHz and 2.9 volts
❑Standard RAM
8 MB, four 1Mx16-bit chips
3.3 volt operation
No parity bit
Access time 60 ns
Data transfer is 64-bit width
Available hyper page mode (EDO)
❑BIOS ROM (Flash EEPROM)
128 MB (one 128Kx8-bit chip) memory
64 KB in the ROM are used for system BIOS
40 KB in the ROM are used for VGA BIOS
40 KB in the ROM are reserved
Access time 150 ns
Data transfer is 8-bit width
❑Video RAM
1 MB (Two 256Kx16-bit DRAM)
5 volt operation
❑Optional memory
One expansion memory slot is available for 8, 16, and 32 MB memory modules, which
may consist of 1 MBx16-bit chips
Total maximum memory size is 40 MB (if a 32 MB memory module is installed)
3.3 volt operation
No parity bit
Access time 60 ns
Data transfer is 64-bit width
Available hyper page mode (EDO)
❑One super integration (SI)
The following components:
- Two DMACs 82C37 equivalent
- Two PICs 82C59 equivalent
- Two SIOs 16550 equivalent (One SIO is not used)
- One PIT 82C54 equivalent
- One FDC TC8565 equivalent
- One VFO TC8568 equivalent
- One I/O port decode
- One SIO port control
- One printer port control supported ECP
- One FDD control
- One speaker control
- One power communication control

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❑System Controller Gate Array (SCPCNT6-GA)
This gate array has the following functions:
CPU control
SMI control
CPU clock control
Memory control
64-bit bus memory control
32-bit bus memory control
Bus control
64-bit data bus <==>32-bit data bus
32-bit local bus control
Address latch control
I/O register control
Processing speed control
❑ISA Bus Controller Gate Array (SISCNT3-GA)
This gate array has the following functions:
Bus control
32-bit data bus <==> 16-bit data bus
ISA bus interface control
ISA bus access control
DMAC control
DMA address generation
I/O control
Suspend/Resume sequence
Memory control
IAS bus interface control
Refresh address generation
I/O register control
Suspend/Resume sequence
❑PCMCIA Controller Gate Array
This gate array has the following functions:
PCMCIA memory card control
❑I/O Controller Gate Array (IOCNT-GA)
This gate array has the following functions:
Internal Communication controller
KBC, main CPU communication register file
KBC interrupt controller
Others KBC communication controller
Contrast adjust, speaker volume adjust, PWM control
Sound board interface
BIOS-ROM interface
SIM control

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❑Video Controller
This video controller controls internal TFT color LCD and external SVGA compatible
CRT.
❑Keyboard Controller (KBC)
One M38802M4 chip is used.
This KBC includes the keyboard scan controller and keyboard interface controller.
The KBC controls the internal keyboard, external keyboard, PS/2 mouse.
❑Real Time Clock (RTC)
One T9934 chip is used.
The T9934 has 128 of bytes memory. Fourteen bytes of memory are used for the
calendar and clock. The remaining 114 bytes are used for the system configuration
data.

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1.3 3.5-inch External Floppy Disk Drive
The 610CT 3.5-inch external Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) is a thin, high-performance reliable
drive that supports 720-KB (formatted) 2DD and 1.44-MB (formatted) 2HD 3.5-inch floppy
disks.
The 610CT FDD is shown in figure 1-4.
Figure 1-4 3.5-inch external FDD
The specifications for the FDD are listed in table 1-1.
Table 1-1 3.5-inch external FDD specifications
Item 2-MB mode 1-MB mode
Storage capacity (KB)
Unformatted 2,000 1,000
Formatted 1,440 720
Number of heads 2 2
Number of cylinders 80 80
Access time (ms)
Track to track 3 3
Average 181 181
Head settling time 15 15
Recording track density (tpi) 135 135
Data transfer rate (Kbps) 500 250
Rotation speed (rpm) 300 300
Recording method Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM)

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1.4 2.5-inch Hard Disk Drive
The 720 MB Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a random access non-volatile storage device. It has a
non-removable 2.5-inch magnetic disk and mini-winchester type magnetic heads.
The HDD is shown in figure 1-5.
Figure 1-5 2.5-Inch HDD
Specifications for the HDD are listed in table 1-2.
Table 1-2 2.5-inch HDD specifications
Items (MK1724FCV)
Storage capacity (MB)
Formatted 722 MB
Number of disks 2
Data heads 4
Data surfaces 4
Bytes per sector 512
Rotation speed (rpm) 4000
Recording method 1-7 RLL

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610CT
1.5 Keyboard
The 82-(USA) or 84-(European) keyboard is mounted on the 610CT system unit. The key-
board is connected to the keyboard controller on the system board through a 25-pin flat cable.
The pointer control stick, located in the center of the keyboard, provides convenient control
of the cursor without requiring desk space for a mouse. The keyboard is shown in figure 1-6.
See Appendix E for optional keyboard configurations.
Figure 1-6 Keyboard

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1.6 TFT Color LCD
The TFT Color Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) contains an LCD module, a Fluorescent Lamp
(FL), and an FL inverter board.
1.6.1 LCD Module
The 610CT TFT color LCD supports 640x480 pixels with an internal display controller and
256K colors for graphics and characters. This controller includes the functions of Video
Graphics Array (VGA) and Super VGA (SVGA) for external display.
The LCD receives 9-bit data signals, data enable signals, and has a shift clock for data trans-
mission. All signals are CMOS-level compatible.
The TFT LCD is shown in figure 1-7.
Figure 1-7 TFT color LCD
The specifications for the LCD are listed in table 1-3.
Table 1-3 TFT color LCD specifications
Item Specifications
Number of dots (dots) 640 x 480
Dot pitch (mm) 0.3 x 0.3
Display area (mm) 192 x 144
Contrast 100
FL current (mA) 4.0
FL frequency (KHz) 100 (max)

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1.6.2 Fluorescent Lamp (FL) Inverter Board
The FL inverter board supplies high frequency current to light the LCD’s Fluorescent Lamp.
The specifications for the FL inverter are described in table 1-4.
Table 1-4 FL inverter board specifications
Item Specifications
Input Voltage (VDC) 10
Power (W) 3
Output Voltage (VAC) 1,100 (r.m.s.)
Current (mA) 5.0
Frequency (KHz) 44

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1.7 Power Supply
The power supply provides five kinds of voltages to the 610CT system board. The power
supply has one microprocessor which operates at 500 KHz and performs the following func-
tions:
1. Determines if the AC adapter or battery is connected to the computer.
2. Detects DC output and circuit malfunctions.
3. Controls the LED icon and speaker.
4. Turns the battery charging system on and off and detects a fully charged battery.
5. Determines if the power can be turned on and off.
6. Provides more accurate detection of a low battery.
7. Calculates the remaining battery capacity.
The power supply output rating is specified in table 1-5.
Table 1-5 Power supply output rating
DC Regulation
Use for Name voltage tolerance
(V) (%)
System logic, FDD, HDD, VCC +5 ±5
Display DSPV +15 ±5
RS-232C P+12V +12 ±5
CPU, RAM B3V +3.3 ±5
VGA,I/O B5V +5 ±5

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1.8 Batteries
The 610CT has three types of batteries:
❑Main battery pack
❑Backup battery
❑Real Time Clock (RTC) battery
These battery specifications are listed in table 1-6.
Table 1-6 Battery specifications
Battery name Material Output voltage Capacity
Main battery Lithium-Ion 10.8 V 4,000 mAH
Backup battery Nickel Metal Hydride 6.0 V 110 mAH
RTC battery Nickel Metal Hydride 3.6 V 30 mAH
1.8.1 Main Battery
The removable main battery pack is the computer’s main power source when the AC adapter
is not attached. The main battery recharges the backup battery when the system’s power is
on. The backup and main battery maintain the state of the computer when you enable
AutoResume.
❏Battery Indicator
The Battery indicator is located on the front side of the 610CT. The indicator shows
the status of the removable battery pack, power supply, and AC adapter.
The status of each can be determined by color:
Orange The battery is being charged. (AC adapter is attached.)
Green The battery is fully charged. (AC adapter is attached.)
No light The AC adapter is disconnected from the computer; or the AC
adapter is connected, but it cannot charge the battery for one of the
following reasons:
−The battery is extremely hot. Allow the computer and the
battery to reach room temperature before attempting to charge
the battery.
−The battery is almost fully discharged. The battery will not
begin charging immediately in this state, it will begin charging a
few minutes after the AC adapter is connected.
−The AC adapter is not receiving power.

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1.8.2 Battery Charging Control
Battery charging is controlled by a microprocessor that is mounted on the power supply. The
microprocessor controls whether the charge is on or off and detects a full charge when the AC
adapter and battery are attached to the computer. The system charges the battery using quick
charge or trickle charge.
When the AC adapter is attached, there are two types of charge: quick charge when the
system is powered off, and trickle charge when the system is powered on.
Table 1-7 Time required for battery charges
Status Charging time
Quick charge About 4 hours
(power off)
Trickle charge About 5 to 8 hours
(power on)
❏Quick Battery Charge
If one of the following occurs, the battery quick-charge process stops.
1. The battery becomes fully charged
2. The AC adapter or battery is removed.
3. The battery or AC adapter output voltage is abnormal.
4. The charge current is abnormal.
❏Trickle Battery Charge
When the main battery is fully charged and the AC adapter is attached, the power
supply microprocessor automatically changes quick charge to trickle charge.

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1.8.3 Backup Battery
The backup battery maintains data for AutoResume. The power source used to back-up the
AutoResume data is determined according to the following priority:
AC adapter > Main battery > Backup battery
The backup battery is charged by the main battery or AC adapter when the system is powered
on. Table 1-8 shows the charging time and data preservation period of the backup battery.
Table 1-8 Backup battery charging/data preservation time
Backup Battery Time
Charging Time Power On 40 H
Power Off (with AC Adapter) 40 H
Power Off (Without AC Adapter) Doesn’t charge
Data preservation period (full charge) 8 H
1.8.4 RTC Battery
The RTC battery provides power to keep the current date, time and other setup information in
memory while the computer is turned off. Table 1-9 shows the charging time and data preser-
vation period of the RTC battery.
Table 1-9 RTC battery charging/data preservation time
RTC Battery Time
Charging Time Power On 70 H
Power Off Doesn’t charge
Data preservation period (full charge) 1 month

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2.1 Troubleshooting
Chapter 2 describes how to determine if a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) in the 610CT is
causing the computer to malfunction. The FRUs covered are:
1. Power Supply
2. System Board
3. Floppy Disk Drive
4. Hard Disk Drive
5. Keyboard
6. Display
The Diagnostics Disk operations are described in Chapter 3 and detailed replacement proce-
dures are given in Chapter 4.
The following tools are necessary for implementing the troubleshooting procedures:
1. A 610CT Diagnostics Disk
2. A Phillips screwdriver (2 mm)
3. A Toshiba MS-DOS system disk(s)
4. A 2DD or 2HD formatted work disk for floppy disk drive testing
5. A cleaning kit for floppy disk drive troubleshooting
6. A printer port LED
7. An RS-232-C wraparound connector
8. A printer wraparound connector
9. A multimeter
10. An external monitor adapter
11. An external monitor

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2.2 Troubleshooting Flowchart
Use the flowchart in figure 2-1 as a guide for determining which troubleshooting procedures
to execute. Before going through the flowchart steps, verify the following:
❑Ask the user if a password is registered and, if it is, ask him or her to enter the pass-
word. If the user has forgotten the password, connect the printer port wraparound
board (F31PRT), then turn the POWER switch on. The computer will override the
password function by erasing the current password.
❑Verify with the customer that Toshiba MS-DOS is installed on the hard disk. Non-
Toshiba operating systems can cause the computer to malfunction.
❑Make sure all optional equipment is disconnected from the computer.
❑Make sure the floppy disk drive is empty.

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Figure 2-1 Troubleshooting flowchart (1/2)

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Figure 2-1 Troubleshooting flowchart (2/2)
If the diagnostics program cannot detect an error, the problem may be intermittent. The
Running Test program should be executed several times to isolate the problem. Check the
Log Utilities function to confirm which diagnostic test detected an error(s), then perform the
appropriate troubleshooting procedures as follows:
1. If an error is detected on the system test, memory test, display test, ASYNC test,
printer test, or real timer test, perform the system board troubleshooting proce-
dures in section 2.4.
2. If an error is detected on the keyboard test, perform the keyboard troubleshooting
procedures in section 2.7.
3. If an error is detected on the floppy disk test, perform the floppy disk drive
troubleshooting procedures in section 2.5.
4. If an error is detected on the hard disk test, perform the hard disk drive
troubleshooting procedures in section 2.6.