Trio datacom M series User manual

Page 1

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

User Manual

M Series Data Radio

www.trio.com.au

MR450 Remote Data Radio

Incorporating compatible

EB450 Base Station & EH450 Hot Standby Base Station

Issue 1: August 2004

Page 2

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Contents

SECTION 1 3

Part A – Preface 4

Warranty 4

Important Notice 4

Warning - RF Exposure 4

Other Related Documentation

and Products

E Series Quick Start Guides

TVIEW+ Management Suite

Digital Orderwire Voice Module (EDOVM)

Multiplexer Stream Router (MSR)

Revision History

Issue 1 August 2004 Intitial Release

Page 6

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part B – M Series Overview

Definition of M Series Data Radio

The M Series is a range of wireless modems designed for the

transmission of data communications for SCADA, telemetry and any

other information and control applications that utilise ASCII messaging

techniques. The M Series uses advanced “digital” modulation and

signal processing techniques to achieve exceptionally high data

throughput efficiency using traditional licensed narrow band radio

channels.

These products are available in many frequency band and regulatory

formats, to suit spectrum bandplans in various continental regions. The

range is designed for both fixed point to point (PTP), and multiple

address (MAS) or point to multipoint (PMP) systems.

M Series Product Range

The M Series range consists of the a half duplex “Remote” radio

modem and provision to use an E Series Base Station, including an

optional Hot Standby controller to control two base station units in a

redundant configuration.

Frequency band variants are indicated by the band prefix and model

numbering. (See Model Number Codes)

Part B – M Series Overview

M Series – Features and Benefits

• 395-520 MHz band operation

• 0.1 to 5 watt transmitter output power

• Software selectable Tx and Rx frequencies

• Simplex or half duplex operation with any Tx-Rx splits

• One model suitable for 12.5 and 25 kHz channel spacing

• Synthesized digital data radio design

• High frequency stability

• Professional N Type antenna connector

• Separate versions for true 9600 bps or 2400/4800 bps over-air

data rates

• Fully integrated DSP based data modem

• High data integrity - CRC error checking

• User configurable 300-19,200 bps asynch RS-232 port

• Fully transparent 3 wire user interface

• Intelligent transmitter control - auto Tx on data

• Compatible with most industry standard data protocols, e.g.,

MODBUS, DNP-3, IEC 870-5-101 etc.

• Multi-function bi-colour Tx/Rx data LEDs showing Port activity

(breakout box style), as well as LEDs indicating Tx, Rx, RF

Signal, Data Synchronisation and DC Power status of the

radio.

• Compatible with E-Series Base / Repeater Station (EB) and

Hot Standby Base Station (EH)

MR450 Remote Radio

EB450 Base / Repeater Station

EH450 Hot Standby Base Station

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Model Number Codes

Part B – M Series Overview

D, E, S & M Series Data Radios - Part Number Matrix = Tyxxx-aabbb-cde

T y xxx-aa bbb-cd e

Options - Base Stations

Options - Hot Standby Configurations

0= No Options 0= No Options

Duplexe

Antenn

1= 450MHz Band Reject

Typically Internal [DUPLX450BR]

Number Type Antenna

Confi

Antenna Type

2= 450MHz Band Reject

(<9MHz split)[DUPLX450BR/5]

A- - - Separate Tx & Rx

3= 450MHz Band Pas

[DUPLX450BP]

B- - Dual [x4] Separate Tx & Rx

4= 900MHz Band Rejec

Typically Internal [DUPLX900BR]

CSingle Internal Single Combined Tx/Rx

5= 900MHz Band Pas

[DUPLX900BP]

DDual [x2] Internal Dual [x2] Combined Tx/Rx

6= 900MHz Band Pass

(76MHz split)[DUPLX852/930]

ESingle External Single Combined Tx/Rx

FDual [x2] External Dual [x2] Combined Tx/Rx

Note: Specify Internally or Externally fitted. Externally fitted duplexes require feeder tails.

Options

0= No Options

D= Diagnostics - [DIAGS/D, DIAGS/DH, DIAGS/E or DIAGS/EH, DIAGS/M] (D, E & M Series Only)

E= Hazardous Environment Class 1, Div 2 and Diagnostics [HAZ-APROVAL/M + DIAGS/M] (M Series)

N= Remote Fitted into NEMA Enclosure [NEMA 4/R]

F= Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450] (ER450 only)

X= Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450 & DIAGS/E] (ER450 only)

S= SMA Connector (SR450 Remote Only)

RF Channel Data Rate & Bandwidth (Internal Mode

D Serie

E Serie

= ACA 4800bps 12.5kHz

001

= 12.5kHz (No Modem Fitted)

= ACA 480

/ 9600bps 12.5H

001

= 2400bps 12.5KHz / 4800bps 25kHz

= ACA 9600bps 25kHz

= 25kHz (No Modem Fitted)

= ACA 960

/ 19k2bps 25kHz

= 4800bps 12.5KHz / 9600bps 25kHz

F01

= FCC 9600bps 12.5kHz

241

= 2400bps in 12.5kHz [24SR]*

F01

= FCC 9600

/ 19K2bps 12.5kHz

= FCC 9600bps 12.5KHz

= 2400bps in 25kHz [24SR]*

= FCC 19k2bps 25kHz

= 4800bps in 25kHz [48SR]*

E01

= ETSI 9600bps 12.5kHz

= ETSI 19k2bps 25kHz

Frequency (200 & 400 MHz Bands

)

Frequency (800 & 900 MHz Band) (D & S Series Only

)

= 208 to 240MHz (Tx & Rx

)

= (Tx) 847 to 857MHz (Rx) 923 to 933MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duple

= 370 to 388MHz (Tx & Rx

)

10 = (Tx) 848 to 858MHz (Rx) 920 to 934MH

= 380 to 396MHz (Tx & Rx

)

= (Tx) 923 to 933MHz (Rx) 847 to 857MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duple

48 = 395 to 406MHz (Tx & Rx

)

11 = (Tx) 920 to 934MHz (Rx) 848 to 858MH

50 = 403 to 417MHz (Tx & Rx

)

= 855 to 860MHz (Tx & Rx

)

58 = (Tx) 406 to 421MHz (Rx) 415 to 430MH

14 = (Tx) 925 to 943MHz (Rx) 906 to 924MHz *

= (Tx) 415 to 430MHz (Rx) 406 to 421MH

= (Tx) 904 to 922MHz (Rx) 925 to 943MHz *

= 418 to 435MHz (Tx & Rx

)

= 924 to 944MHz (Tx & Rx) *

= 428 to 444MHz (Tx & Rx

)

= (Tx) 919 to 937MHz (Rx) 943 to 959MHz *

55 = 436 to 450MHz (Tx & Rx) 18 = (Tx) 943 to 961MHz (Rx) 916 to 938MHz **

51 = 450 to 465MHz (Tx & Rx)

52 = 465 to 480MHz (Tx & Rx)

53 = 480 to 494MHz (Tx & Rx) Note: Other frequency bands available upon request.

60 = 490 to 500MHz (Tx & Rx)

54 = 505 to 518MHz (Tx & Rx)

27 = (Tx) 511 to 515MHz (Rx) 501 to 505MHz

M= 395 to 465MHz (Tx & Rx) (M Series Only)

H= 450 to 520MHz (Tx & Rx) (M Series Only)

Generic Frequency Band NOTES:

200 = 208 to 245MHz (D & S Series only) * Additional charges apply. Must be ordered separately. Please refer to price list.

450 = 370 to 518MHz (E, M & S Series only)

Provides compatibility with D Series radio

900 = 800 to 960MHz (D & S Series only) [ ] Items in [ ] parenthesis refer to actual Trio part numbers

** Consult factory for availability.

Unit Typ

R= Remote Station Standards: ACA - Australian Communications Authority

B= Base / Repeater Station FCC - Federal Communications Commission

S= Standard Base / Repeater Station (D Series Only) ETSI - European Telecommunication Standards Institute

H= Hot Standby Base / Repeater (D, E & M Series Only)

Model Typ

D= D Series Family

E= E Serie

Famil

M= M Series Family

S= S Series Famil

Example:

E R 450-51 A02-D0

Version: 4/04

M Serie

S Serie

The example shown specifies: E Series, Remote Radio, generic 450MHz band, with a specific frequency of

450MHz to 465MHz, a 96/19.2kbps modem, with a bandwidth of 25kHz, diagnostics and standard N type

connector.

NOTE: M Series Compatible EB/EH450 Base

Stations are Type A01 or F01

Page 8

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part B – M Series Overview

Part Number Description

Duplexers

DUPLX450BR Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for use

with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx

frequency splits >9MHz. (Fitted Externally for a

Link, Internally or Externally for Base / Repeater)

DUPLX450BR/5 Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for use

with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx

frequency splits <9MHz. (Fitted Externally)

DUPLX450BP Duplexer PSEUDO BAND PASS Cavity 400-

520 MHz for External use with Base / Repeater /

Links.

Notes:

1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.

2. Interconnecting (Feeder Tail) cables must be ordered

separately for Externally fitted Duplexers.

Antennas

ANT450/9A Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd Aluminium 400-520

MHz c/w mtg clamps

ANT450/9S Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd S/Steel 400-520

MHz c/w mtg clamps

ANT450/13A Antenna Yagi15 Element 13dBd Aluminium 400-

520 MHz c/w mtg clamps.

ANT450/13S Antenna Yagi 15 Element 13dBd S/Steel 400-520

MHz c/w mtg clamps.

ANTOMNI/4 Antenna Omnidirectional Unity Gain Side Mount

Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w galv. clamp

ANT450/D Antenna Omnidirectional Unity Gain Ground

Independent Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w 3m cable,

mounting bracket & BNC connector

ANT450/6OM Antenna Omnidirectional 6dBd 400-520 MHz c/w

mtg clamps

ANT450/9OM Antenna Omnidirectional 9dBd 400-520 MHz c/w

mtg clamps

Note:

1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.

Power Supplies

PS13V82A Power Supply 13.8V 2A 240VAC

PS13V810A Power Supply Switch Mode 240VAC 13.8V 10A

for Base Stations – Battery Charge Capability

Part Number Description

RF Cables and Accessories

NM/NM/TL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 50cm fully

sweep tested

NM/NM/TLL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 1 metre fully

sweep tested

RFCAB5M 5.0m RG-58 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB5M2 5.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB10M 10.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB20M 20.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB20M4 20.0m LDF4-50 type (1/2" foam dialectric)

Antenna Feeder Cable terminated with N type

Male Connectors

LGHTARRST Lightning Surge Arrestor In-line N Female to N

Female

Network Management Diagnostics

DIAGS/M Network Management and Remote Diagnostics

Facilities per Radio – M Series

DIAGS/E Network Management and Remote Diagnostics

Facilities per Radio – E Series for EB450

DIAGS/EH Network Management and Remote Diagnostics

Facilities – E Series for EH450

Software

TVIEW+ Configuration, Network Management and Remote

Diagnostics Software

Other

NEMA 4 /R Stainless Steel Enclosure for Remote Site

Equipment. Size 600mm (h) x 600mm (d) x

580mm (w) – Room for Third Party RTU / PLC

equip. (Approx. 400 (h) x 600 (d) x 580mm (w)

EDOVM Digital Order Wire Voice Module

ERFDTRAY 19" Rack Tray for Mounting of ER450 Full Duplex

Radio and External Band Reject Duplexer

TVIEW+MSeries M Series Programming Cable

Standard Accessories

Page 9

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part C – Applications

Generic Connectivity

The M Series has been designed for SCADA and telemetry

applications, and any other applications that use an ASCII

communications protocol, and which connect physically using the

RS232 interface standard (although converters can be used to adapt

other interfaces such as RS422/485, RS530/V35, G703 etc).

Any protocol that can be displayed using a PC based terminal

program operating via a serial communications port is suitable for

transmission by the M Series radio modems.

An ASCII protocol is any that consists of message strings formed

from ASCII characters, that being defined as a 10 or 11 bit block

including start and stop bits, 7 or 8 data bits and optional parity bit(s).

Port set-up dialog that includes the expressions “N,8,1”, or E,7,2” or

similar indicate an ASCII protocol.

Most of the dominant telemetry industry suppliers utilise proprietary

ASCII protocols, and also common 'open standard” industry protocols

such as DNP3, MODBUS, TCP/IP, and PPP. These are all ASCII

based protocols.

Industries and Applications

The M Series products are widely used in point-to-point and point-to-

multipoint (multiple access) applications for remote interconnection of

PLCs, RTUs, dataloggers, and other data monitoring and control

devices - including specialist utility devices (such as powerline

ACRs). In addition, other applications such as area wide security and

alarm systems, public information systems (traffic flow and public

signage systems) and environmental monitoring systems.

Application Detail

SCADA Systems

This is where one or more centralised control sites are used to monitor

and control remote field devices over wide areas. Examples include

regional utilities monitoring and controlling networks over entire shires

or a greater city metropolis. Industry sectors include energy utilities

(gas and electricity distribution), water and sewerage utilities,

catchment and environment groups (rivers, dams and catchment

management authorities).

Telemetry Systems

Dedicated telemetry control systems interconnecting sequential

devices either where cabling is not practical or distances are

considerable.

Examples include:

• ore conveyor or slurry pipeline systems

• simple water systems (pump and reservoir interlinking)

• broadcast industry (linking studio to transmitter) etc.

Information Systems

Public Information systems such as freeway vehicle flow, travel time

monitoring, feedback signage, parking signage systems and

meteorological stations etc.

Page 10

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part C – Applications

Systems Architecture

Point-to-Point

This simple system architecture provides a virtual connection between

the two points, similar to a cable. Operation is half-duplex.

Point-to-Multipoint Systems

In a multiple access radio system, messages can be broadcast from

one (master) site to all others, either using a half duplex radio system

or from any site to all others, using a simplex radio channel.

Half duplex systems often utilise a full duplex master (EB or EH), to

make the system simpler and for faster operation.

In either case, it will be necessary for

the application to support an

addressing system, since the master

needs to be able to select which

remote device it wishes to

communicate with. The radio system

operates “transparently”, allowing the

application’s protocol to provide the

addressing, and thus control the traffic.

Page 11

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part C – Applications

Digipeater Systems

This configuration is used where all sites are required to communicate

via a repeater site. A repeater site is used because it has a position

and/or height advantage and thus provides superior or extended RF

coverage. The radio modem at the repeater does not have to be

physically connected to the application’s master site. Information from

the application’s master is transmitted to the repeater via radio, and the

repeater then relays this information to the other field sites. In this

scenario, the repeater is the master from an RF point of view, and the

application master is effectively a “remote” from an RF point of view,

even though it is controlling the data transfer on the system.

E Series Backbone Store and Forward

Systems (Using M Series Remotes)

Store and forward is used as a way of extending RF coverage by

repeating data messages from one site to another.

Example shows E Series Backbone with E or M Series remotes.

Page 12

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Understanding RF Path

Requirements

A radio modem needs a minimum amount of received RF signal to

operate reliably and provide adequate data throughput.

In most cases, spectrum regulatory authorities will also define or limit

the amount of signal that can be transmitted, and the transmitted power

will decay with distance and other factors, as it moves away from the

transmitting antenna.

It follows, therefore, that for a given transmission level, there will be a

finite distance at which a receiver can operate reliably with respect to

the transmitter.

Apart from signal loss due to distance, other factors that will decay a

signal include obstructions (hills, buildings, foliage), horizon (effectively

the bulge between two points on the earth), and (to a minimal extent at

UHF frequencies) factors such as fog, heavy rain-bursts, dust storms,

etc.

In order to ascertain the available RF coverage from a transmitting

station, it will be necessary to consider these factors. This can be

done in a number of ways, including

(a) using basic formulas to calculate the theoretically available

signal - allowing only for free space loss due to distance,

(b) using sophisticated software to build earth terrain models and

apply other correction factors such as earth curvature and the

effects of obstructions, and

It is good design practice to consider the results of at least two of these

models to design a radio path.

Page 13

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Examples of Predictive Path

Modelling

Clear line of site

Radio path with good signal levels, attenuated only by free space

loss.

Obstructed Radio Path

This path has an obstruction that will seriously degrade the signal

arriving at the field site.

obstpath.pl3 Major Repeater Site Field Site

Elevation (m) 703.83 309.67

Latitude 030 43 55.92 S 030 56 24.00 S

Longitude 150 38 49.51 E 150 38 48.00 E

Azimuth 180.10 0.10

Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL

Antenna Height (m) 40.00 5.00

Antenna Gain (dBi) 8.15 11.15

Antenna Gain (dBd) 6.00 9.00

TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50

TX Line Length (m) 40.00 5.00

TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m) 6.79 6.79

TX Line Loss (dB) 2.72 0.34

Connector Loss (dB) 2.00 2.00

Frequency (MHz) 450.00

Path Length (km) 23.04

Free Space Loss (dB) 112.78

Diffraction Loss (dB) 16.71

Net Path Loss (dB) 117.25 117.25

Radio Type Model EB450 ER450

TX Power (watts) 5.00 1.00

TX Power (dBW) 6.99 0.00

Effective Radiated Power (watts) 6.71 4.63

Effective Radiated Power (dBW) 8.27 6.66

RX Sensitivity Level (uv) 0.71 1.26

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00

RX Signal (uv) 9.70 21.70

RX Signal (dBW) -117.25 -110.26

RX Field Strength (uv/m) 95.74 115.23

Fade Margin (dB) 22.75 24.74

Raleigh Service Probability (%) 99.470 99.665

goodpath.pl3 Major Repeater Site Field Site

Elevation (m) 756.69 309.67

Latitude 031 04 37.49 S 030 56 24.00 S

Longitude 150 57 26.34 E 150 38 48.00 E

Azimuth 297.05 117.21

Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL

Antenna Height (m) 40.00 5.00

Antenna Gain (dBi) 8.15 11.15

Antenna Gain (dBd) 6.00 9.00

TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50

TX Line Length (m) 40.00 5.00

TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m) 6.79 6.79

TX Line Loss (dB) 2.72 0.34

Connector Loss (dB) 2.00 2.00

Frequency (MHz) 450.00

Path Length (km) 33.33

Free Space Loss (dB) 115.99

Diffraction Loss (dB) 0.00

Net Path Loss (dB) 103.75 103.75

Radio Type Model EB450 ER450

TX Power (watts) 5.00 1.00

TX Power (dBW) 6.99 0.00

Effective Radiated Power (watts) 6.71 4.63

Effective Radiated Power (dBW) 8.27 6.66

RX Sensitivity Level (uv) 0.71 1.26

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00

RX Signal (uv) 45.93 102.70

RX Signal (dBW) -103.75 -96.76

RX Field Strength (uv/m) 453.14 545.42

Fade Margin (dB) 36.25 38.24

Raleigh Service Probability (%) 99.976 99.985

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Effect of Earth Curvature on Long Paths

This path requires greater mast height to offset the earth curvature

experienced at such a distance (73km).

longpath.pl3 Repeater Site Far Field Site

Elevation (m) 221.26 75.58

Latitude 032 01 21.63 S 032 33 00.00 S

Longitude 142 15 19.26 E 141 47 00.00 E

Azimuth 217.12 37.37

Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL

Antenna Height (m) 40.00 5.00

Antenna Gain (dBi) 8.15 11.15

Antenna Gain (dBd) 6.00 9.00

TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50

TX Line Length (m) 40.00 5.00

6.79 6.79

TX Line Loss (dB) 2.72 0.34

Connector Loss (dB) 2.00 2.00

Frequency (MHz) 450.00

Path Length (km) 73.46

Free Space Loss (dB) 122.85

Diffraction Loss (dB) 22.94

Net Path Loss (dB) 133.55 133.55

Radio Type Model EB450 ER450

TX Power (watts) 5.00 1.00

TX Power (dBW) 6.99 0.00

Effective Radiated Power (watts) 6.72 4.64

Effective Radiated Power (dBW) 8.27 6.66

RX Sensitivity Level (uv) 0.71 1.26

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00

RX Signal (uv) 1.49 3.32

RX Signal (dBW) -133.55 -126.56

RX Field Strength (uv/m) 14.65 17.64

Fade Margin (dB) 6.45 8.44

Raleigh Service Probability (%) 79.735 86.656

Page 15

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Antenna Gain

By compressing the transmission energy into a disc or beam, the

antenna provides more energy (a stronger signal) in that direction, and

thus is said to have a performance “gain” over a basic omni antenna.

Gain is usually expressed in dBd, which is referenced to a standard

folded dipole. Gain can also be expressed in dBi, which is referenced

to a theoretical “isotropic” radiator. Either way, if you intend to send

and receive signals from a single direction, there is advantage in using

a directional antenna - both due to the increased signal in the wanted

direction, and the relatively decreased signal in the unwanted direction

(i.e. “interference rejection” properties).

Tuning the Antenna

Many antennas are manufactured for use over a wide frequency

range. Typical fixed use antennas such as folded dipoles and yagis

are generally supplied with the quoted gain available over the entire

specified band range, and do not require tuning. Co-linear antennas are

normally built to a specific frequency specified when ordering.

With mobile “whip” type antennas, it is sometimes necessary to

“tune” the antenna for the best performance on the required frequency.

This is usually done by trimming an antenna element whilst measuring

VSWR, or simply trimming to a manufacturer supplied chart showing

length vs frequency. These antennas would normally be supplied with

the tuning information provided.

Antenna Placement

When mounting the antenna, it is necessary to consider the following

criteria:

The mounting structure will need to be solid enough to withstand

additional loading on the antenna mount due to extreme wind, ice or

snow (and in some cases, large birds).

For omni directional antennas, it is necessary to consider the effect of

the mounting structure (tower mast or building) on the radiation pattern.

Close in structures, particularly steel structures, can alter the radiation

pattern of the antenna. Where possible, omni antennas should always

be mounted on the top of the mast or pole to minimise this effect. If this

is not possible, mount the antenna on a horizontal outrigger to get it at

least 1-2m away from the structure. When mounting on buildings, a

small mast or pole (2-4m) can significantly improve the radiation

pattern by providing clearance from the building structure.

For directional antennas, it is generally only necessary to consider the

structure in relation to the forward radiation pattern of the antenna,

unless the structure is metallic, and of a solid nature. In this case it is

also prudent to position the antenna as far away from the structure as

is practical. With directional antennas, it is also necessary to ensure

that the antenna cannot move in such a way that the directional

beamwidth will be affected. For long yagi antennas, it is often

necessary to install a fibreglass strut to stablilise the antenna under

windy conditions.

Alignment of Directional Antennas

This is generally performed by altering the alignment of the antenna

whilst measuring the received signal strength. If the signal is weak, it

may be necessary to pre-align the antenna using a compass, GPS,

visual or map guidance in order to “find” the wanted signal. Yagi

antennas have a number of lower gain “lobes” centred around the

primary lobe. When aligning for best signal strength, it is important to

scan the antenna through at least 90 degrees, to ensure that the centre

(strongest) lobe is identified.

When aligning a directional antenna, avoid placing your hands or body

in the vicinity of the radiating element or the forward beam pattern, as

this will affect the performance of the antenna.

Selecting Antennas

There are basically two types of antennas – omni-directional and

directional.

Omnidirectional antennas are designed to radiate signal in a 360

degrees segment around the antenna. Basic short range antennas

such as folded dipoles and ground independent whips are used to

radiate the signal in a “ball” shaped pattern. High gain omni antennas

such as the “co-linear” compress the sphere of energy into the

horizontal plane, providing a relatively flat “disc” shaped pattern which

goes further because all of the energy is radiated in the horizontal

plane.

Directional antennas are designed to concentrate the signal into a

“beam” of energy for transmission in a single direction (i.e. for point-to-

point or remote to base applications).

Beamwidths vary according to the antenna type, and so can be

selected to suit design requirements. The most common UHF

directional antenna is the yagi, which offers useable beam widths of

30-50 degrees. Even higher “gain” is available using parabolic “dish”

type antennas such as gridpacks.

Page 16

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Common Cable Types Loss per meter Loss per 10m

@ 450MHz @ 450MHz

RG58C/U 0.4426dB 4.4dB

RG213/U 0.1639dB 1.6dB

FSJ1-50 (¼” superflex) 0.1475dB 1.5dB

LDF4-50 (1/2” heliax) 0.0525dB 0.52dB

LDF5-50 (7/8” heliax) 0.0262dB 0.3dB

Data Connectivity

The V24 Standard

The M Series radio modems provide an asynchronous V24 compliant

RS232 port for connection to a serial data device.

There are two types of RS232 interfaces – DTE and DCE.

DTE stands for data terminal equipment and is generally applied to

any intelligent device that has a need to communicate to another

device via RS232. For example: P.C. Comm ports are always DTE,

as are most PLC and RTU serial ports.

DCE stands for data communication equipment and is generally

applied to a device used for sending data over some medium (wires,

radio, fibre etc), i.e. any MODEM.

The standard interface between a DTE and DCE device (using the

same connector type) is a straight through cable (i.e. each pin

connects to the same numbered corresponding pin at the other end of

the cable).

The “V24” definition originally specified the DB25 connector standard,

but this has been complicated by the emergence of the DB9 (pseudo)

standard for asynch devices, and this connector standard has different

pin assignments.

The wiring standard is “unbalanced”, and provides for three basic data

transfer wires (TXD, RXD, and SG – signal ground).

RF Feeders and Protection

The antenna is connected to the radio modem by way of an RF feeder.

In choosing the feeder type, one must compromise between the loss

caused by the feeder, and the cost, flexibility, and bulk of lower loss

feeders. To do this, it is often prudent to perform path analysis first, in

order to determine how much “spare” signal can be allowed to be lost

in the feeder. The feeder is also a critical part of the lightning protection

system.

All elevated antennas may be exposed to induced or direct lightning

strikes, and correct grounding of the feeder and mast are an essential

part of this process. Gas discharge lightning arresters should also be

fitted to all sites.

Note: All ETSI installations require the use of a lightning surge

arrestor in order to meet EN6095. See Part A - Preface for lightning

arrestor specifications.

Page 17

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Cable Wiring Diagrams

Page 18

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

RS232 Connector Pin outs (DCE)

Port A, Female DB9

Cable Wiring Diagrams

Page 19

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Power Supply and Environmental

Considerations

General

When mounting the equipment, consideration should be given to the

environmental aspects of the site. The cabinet should be positioned so

that it is shaded from hot afternoon sun, or icy cold wind. Whilst the

radios are designed for harsh temperature extremes, they will give a

longer service life if operated in a more stable temperature

environment. In an industrial environment, the radio modems should

be isolated from excessive vibration, which can cause data errors and

destroy electronic components, solder joints, and crystals.

The cabinet should provide full protection from moisture, dust,

corrosive atmospheres, and residues from ants and small vermin

(which can be corrosive or conductive). The radio modem will radiate

heat from the in-built heatsink, and the higher the transmitter duty

cycle, the more heat will be radiated from the heatsink. Ensure there is

sufficient ventilation in the form of passive or forced air circulation to

ensure that the radio is able to maintain quoted temperature limits.

Power Supply

The power supply should provide a clean, filtered DC source. The

radio modem is designed and calibrated to operate from a 13.8VDC

regulated supply, but will operate from 10-16 volts (filtered) DC.

The power supply must be able to supply sufficient current to provide

clean filtered DC under the full current conditions of the radio modem

(i.e. when transmitting full RF power). See Part I - Specifications for

more details of the power supply requirements.

Solar Applications

In solar or battery-backed installations, a battery management unit

should be fitted to cut off power to the radio when battery levels fall

below the minimum voltage specification of the radio. In solar

applications, a solar regulation unit MUST ALSO be fitted to ensure

that the radio (and battery) is protected from excessive voltage under

full sun conditions.

When calculating solar and battery capacity requirements, the constant

current consumption will be approximately equal to the transmit current

multiplied by the duty cycle of the transmitter, plus the receive current

multiplied by the (remaining) duty cycle of the receiver.

The Tx/Rx duty cycle will be entirely dependent on the amount of data

being transmitted by the radio modem, unless the device has been

configured for continuous transmit, in which case the constant current

consumption will be equal to the transmit current only (at 100% duty

cycle).

Note: Operation below the minimum specified supply voltages could

result in poor radio performance. If the supply voltage falls below

7.2Vdc the radio will shut down. Normal radio startup will not occur

until 10Vdc is supplied.

Site Earthing

The radio must not be allowed to provide a ground path from chassis

to (DB9) signal ground or (-) battery ground. Ensure that the chassis

mounting plate, power supply (-) earth, RTU terminal device, and

lightning arrester, are all securely earthed to a common ground point to

which an earth stake is attached. Please pay particular attention to

24Vdc PLC systems using DC-DC converters to supply 13.8Vdc.

Caution: There is NO internal replaceable fuse, and therefore

the radio modem power supply MUST be externally fused.

(MR450: 3 amp slo-blow fuse, EB450: 5 amp fast-blow fuse,

EH450 Controller: 1 amp fast-blow fuse).

Page 20

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Physical Dimensions - Remote Data Radio - MR450

Part D – System Planning and Design

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