Trio datacom E series User manual

Page 1

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

User Manual

E Series Data Radio

www.trio.com.au

ER450 Remote Data Radio

EB450 Base Station

EH450 Hot Standby Base Station

Issue 5: February 2004

Page 2

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite -

Programmer 42

Introduction 42

Installation 42

TVIEW+ Front Panel 43

Programmer 43

Part  TVIEW+ Management Suite -

Remote Diagnostics &

Network Controller 55

Introduction 55

System Description 55

perating Instructions 57

Interpreting Poll Results 69

pen Database Connectivity ( DBC) 70

Microsoft Excel Database Query Example 71

Part K  Appendices 75

Appendix A - Application and Technical Notes 75

Appendix B - Slip Protocol 75

Appendix C - Firmware Updates 76

Appendix D - Microsoft Access (.mdb) Structure 78

Part L  Specifications 83

ER450 Specifications 83

EB450 Specifications 84

EH450 Specifications 85

Part M  Support Options 86

Website Information 86

E-mail Technical Support 86

Telephone Technical Support 86

Contacting the Service Department 86

Contents

SECTION 1 3

Part A  Preface 4

Warranty 4

Important Notice 4

Warning - RF Exposure 4

Compliance Information 4

Other Related Documentation

and Products

E Series Quick Start Guides

TVIEW+ Manage ent Suite

Digital Orderwire Voice Module (EDOVM)

Multiplexer Strea Router (MSR)

Re ision History

Issue 1 July 2002 Intitial Release

Issue 2 August 2002 Added EH450 Quick Start Section

and Specifications Section

Issue 3 Nove ber 2002 Major Edits to TVIEW and inor edits

to quick start sections.

Issue 4 June 2003 Major edits to TVIEW and Hot

Standby Controller sections.

Issue 5 February 2004 Additional radio and progra er

infor ation

Page 6

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part B  E Series Overview

Definition of E Series Data Radio

The E Series is a range of wireless ode s designed for the

trans ission of data co unications for SCADA, tele etry and any

other infor ation and control applications that utilise ASCII essaging

techniques. The E Series uses advanced digital odulation and

signal processing techniques to achieve exceptionally high data

throughput efficiency using traditional licensed narrow band radio

channels.

These products are available in any frequency band and regulatory

for ats, to suit spectru bandplans, in various continental regions.

The range is designed for both fixed point to point (PTP), and ultiple

address (MAS) or point to ultipoint (PMP) syste s.

E Series Product Range

The E Series range consists of the basic half duplex Re ote radio

ode , an extended feature full duplex Re ote radio ode , and

ruggedised Base Station variants, including an optional Hot Standby

controller to control two base station units in a redundant configuration.

Frequency band variants are indicated by the band prefix and odel

nu bering. (See Model Nu ber Codes)

Part B  E Series Overview

E Series  Features and Benefits

Common Features and Benefits of the E

Series Data Radio

 Up to 19200bps over-air data rates using progra able DSP

based advanced odulation sche es.

 Designed to various International regulatory require ents

including FCC, ETSI and ACA.

 Superior receiver sensitivity.

 Fast data turnaround ti e <10 S.

 Flash upgrade-able fir ware  insurance against

obsolescence.

 Multi-function bi-colour Tx/Rx data LEDs showing Port activity

(breakout box style), as well as LEDs indicating Tx, Rx, RF

Signal, Data Synchronisation and DC Power status of the

radio.

 Rugged N type antenna connectors on all equip ent.

 High te perature trans itter foldback protection.

 Two independent configurable data ports and separate syste

port.

 Higher port speeds to support increased air-rate (up to

76800bps on Port A and 38400bps on Port B).

 Independent syste port for interruption free progra ing and

diagnostics (in addition to two (2) user ports).

 9600bps in 12.5 kHz radio channels with ETSI specifications.

 Re ote over-the-air configuration of any radio fro any

location.

 Multistrea  si ultaneous data strea s allows for ultiple

vendor devices / protocols to be transported on the one radio

network.

 Flexible data strea routing and steering providing opti u

radio channel efficiency  co plex data radio syste s can be

i ple ented with fewer radio channels.

 The ability to duplicate data strea s  that is, decode the sa e

off-air data to two separate ports.

 Multi-function radio capable of dropping off one strea to a port

and forward on or repeat (store and forward) the sa e or other

data.

 Stand-alone internal store and forward operation  buffered store

and forward operation even in the ER re ote units.

 Unique integrated C/DSMA collision avoidance technology

per its si ultaneous polling and spontaneous reporting

operation in the sa e syste .

 Digital receiver frequency tracking for long ter data reliability.

 Network wide non intrusive diagnostics which runs

si ultaneously with the application.

ER450 Remote Radio

EB450 Base / Repeater Station

EH450 Hot Standby Base Station

Page 7

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part B  E Series Overview

 Network wide diagnostics interrogation which can be

perfor ed fro anywhere in the syste including any re ote

site.

 Diagnostics will route its way to any re ote or base / repeater

site regardless of how any base / repeater stations are

interconnected.

 Full range of advanced features available within Network

Manage ent and Re ote Diagnostics package  BER testing,

trending, channel occupancy, client / server operation, etc.

 On board e ory for i proving user data latency  increased

user interface speeds.

 Full CRC error checked data  no erroneous data due to

squelch tails or headers.

 Radio utilises world standard HDLC as its transportation

protocol.

 Various flow control and PTT control echanis s.

 Configurable backward co patibility with existing D Series

odulation sche e for use within existing networks.

 Digital plug in order wire option for co issioning and

occasional voice co unications without the need to inhibit

users application data.

Features and Benefits of ER450 Remote

Data Radio

 Optional full duplex capable re ote  separate Tx and Rx ports

for connection to an external duplexer.

 New co pact and rugged die cast case with inbuilt heatsink.

 Low power consu ption with various sleep odes.

 Rugged N type antenna connectors.

 In-line power supply fuses.

 Data Port breakout box style flow LEDs for easier

troubleshooting.

Features and Benefits of EB450 Standard

Base / Re eater Station

 Co petitively priced high perfor ance base.

 Incorporates a rugged 5W power a plifier odule.

Features and Benefits of EH450 Hot Standby

Base / Re eater Station

 Individual and identical base stations with separate control logic

changeover panel.

 ALL odules are hot swapable without any user downti e.

 Flexible antenna options  single, separate Tx & Rx, two Tx

and two Rx.

 Both on-line and off-line units onitored regardless of active

status.

Page 8

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Model Number Codes

Part B  E Series Overview

D, E & S Series Data Radios - Part Number Matrix = Tyxxx-aabbb-cde

T y xxx

-aa bbb

-cde

Options - Base Stations* Options - Hot Standby Configurations*

0= No Options 0= No Options

Duplexer Antenna

1= 450MHz Band Reject

Internal [DUPLX450BR]

Number Type Antenna

Confi

Antenna Type

2= 450MHz Band Reject

(<9MHz split)[DUPLX450BR/5]

A- - - Separate Tx & Rx

3= 450MHz Band Pass

[DUPLX450BP]

B- - Dual [x4] Separate Tx & Rx

4= 900MHz Band Reject

Internal [DUPLX900BR]

CSingle Internal Single Combined Tx/Rx

5= 900MHz Band Pass

[DUPLX900BP]

DDual [x2] Internal Dual [x2] Combined Tx/Rx

6= 900MHz Band Pass

(76MHz split)[DUPLX852/930]

ESingle External Single Combined Tx/Rx

FDual [x2] External Dual [x2] Combined Tx/Rx

Note: Specify Internally or Externally fitted. Externally fittered duplexes require feeder tails.

Options*

0= No Options

D= Diagnostics - [DIAGS/D, DIAGS/DH, DIAGS/E or DIAGS/EH] (D & E Series Only)

H= Extended Temp Option [HITEMP]

N= Remote Fitted into NEMA Enclosure [NEMA 4/R]

F= Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450] (ER450 only)

X= Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450 & DIAGS/E] (ER450 only)

S= SMA Connector (SR450 Remote Only)

RF Channel Data Rate & Bandwidth (Internal Modem)

D Series E Series

A01 = ACA 4800bps in 12.5kHz A01 = ACA 4800

/ 9600bps in 12.5Hz 001 = 12.5kHz (No Modem Fitted)

A02 = ACA 9600bps in 25kHz A02 = ACA 9600

/ 19k2bps in 25kHz 002 = 25kHz (No Modem Fitted)

F01 = FCC 9600bps in 12.5kHz F01 = FCC 9600

/ 9600bps in 12.5kHz 241 = 2400bps in 12.5kHz [24SR]*

F02 = FCC 19k2bps in 25kHz 242 = 2400bps in 25kHz [24SR]*

E01 = ETSI 9600bps in 12.5kHz 482 = 4800bps in 25kHz [48SR]*

E02 = ETSI 19k2bps in 25kHz

Frequency (200 & 400 MHz range) Frequency (900 MHz range) (D & S Series Only)

39 = 208 to 240MHz (Tx & Rx) 07 = (Tx) 847 to 857MHz (Rx) 923 to 933MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duplex)

46 = 370 to 385MHz (Tx & Rx) 10 = (Tx) 848 to 858MHz (Rx) 920 to 934MHz

47 = 380 to 396MHz (Tx & Rx) 06 = (Tx) 923 to 933MHz (Rx) 847 to 857MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duplex)

48 = 395 to 406MHz (Tx & Rx) 11 = (Tx) 920 to 934MHz (Rx) 848 to 858MHz

50 = 403 to 417MHz (Tx & Rx) 12 = 855 to 860MHz (Tx & Rx)

58 = (Tx) 406 to 421MHz (Rx) 415 to 430MHz 14 = (Tx) 925 to 943MHz (Rx) 906 to 924MHz **

59 = (Tx) 415 to 430MHz (Rx) 406 to 421MHz 15 = (Tx) 904 to 922MHz (Rx) 925 to 943MHz **

56 = 418 to 435MHz (Tx & Rx) 16 = 924 to 944MHz (Tx & Rx) **

57 = 428 to 443MHz (Tx & Rx) 17 = (Tx) 919 to 937MHz (Rx) 943 to 959MHz **

55 = 436 to 450MHz (Tx & Rx) 18 = (Tx) 943 to 961MHz (Rx) 916 to 938MHz **

51 = 450 to 465MHz (Tx & Rx)

52 = 465 to 480MHz (Tx & Rx)

53 = 480 to 494MHz (Tx & Rx) Note: Other frequency bands available upon request.

60 = 490 to 500MHz (Tx & Rx)

54 = 505 to 518MHz (Tx & Rx)

27 = (Tx) 511 to 515MHz (Rx) 501 to 505MHz

Generic Frequency Band NOTES:

200 = 208 to 245MHz (D & S Series only) * Additional charges apply. Must be ordered seperately. Please refer to price list.

450 = 370 to 518MHz (E & S Series only)

Provides compatibility with D Series radio

900 = 800 to 960MHz (D & S Series only) [ ] Items in [ ] parenthesis refer to actual Trio part numbers

** Consult factory for availability.

Unit Type

R= Remote Station Standards: ACA - Australian Communications Authority

B= Base / Repeater Station FCC - Federal Communications Commission

S= Standard Base / Repeater Station (D Series Only) ETSI - European Telcommunication Standards Institute

H= Hot Standby Base / Repeater (D & E Series Only)

Model Type

D= D Series Family

E= E Series Family

S= S Series Family

Example:

E R 450

-51 A02

-D0

The above example specifies: E Series, Remote Radio, generic 450MHz band, with a specific frequency of 450MHz to 465MHz,

a 96/19.2kbps modem, with a bandwidth of 25kHz, diagnostics and standard N type connector.

Version: 3/03

S Series

Page 9

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part B  E Series Overview

Part Number Description

Duplexers

DUPLX450BR Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for use

with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx

frequency splits >9MHz. (Fitted Externally for a

Link, Internally or Externally for Base / Repeater)

DUPLX450BR/5 Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for use

with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx

frequency splits <9MHz. (Fitted Externally for a

Link, Internally or Externally for Base / Repeater)

DUPLX450BP Duplexer PSEUDO BAND PASS Cavity 400-

520 MHz for External use with Base / Repeater /

Links.

Notes:

1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.

2. Interconnecting (Feeder ail) cables must be ordered

separately for Externally fitted Duplexers.

Antennas

ANT450/9A Antenna Yagi 6 Ele ent 9dBd Alu iniu 400-520

MHz c/w tg cla ps

ANT450/9S Antenna Yagi 6 Ele ent 9dBd S/Steel 400-520

MHz c/w tg cla ps

ANT450/13A Antenna Yagi15 Ele ent 13dBd Alu iniu 400-

520 MHz c/w tg cla ps.

ANT450/13S Antenna Yagi 15 Ele ent 13dBd S/Steel 400-520

MHz c/w tg cla ps.

ANT MNI/4 Antenna O nidirectional Unity Gain Side Mount

Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w galv. cla p

ANT450/D Antenna O nidirectional Unity Gain Ground

Independent Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w 3 cable,

ounting bracket & BNC connector

ANT450/6 M Antenna O nidirectional 6dBd 400-520 MHz c/w

tg cla ps

ANT450/9 M Antenna O nidirectional 9dBd 400-520 MHz c/w

tg cla ps

Note:

1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.

Power Supplies

PS13V82A Power Supply 13.8V 2A 240VAC

PS13V810A Power Supply Switch Mode 240VAC 13.8V 10A

for Base Stations  Battery Charge Capability

Part Number Description

RF Cables and Accessories

NM/NM/TL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 50c fully

sweep tested

NM/NM/TLL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 1 etre fully

sweep tested

RFCAB5M 5.0 RG-58 type Antenna Feeder Cable

ter inated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB5M2 5.0 RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

ter inated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB10M 10.0 RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

ter inated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB20M 20.0 RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

ter inated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB20M4 20.0 LDF4-50 type (1/2" foa dialectric)

Antenna Feeder Cable ter inated with N type

Male Connectors

LGHTARRST Lightning Surge Arrestor In-line N Fe ale to N

Fe ale

Multiplexers

95MSR/6 Multiplexer/Strea Router  6 Port with RS-232 I/

faces and Manual

95MSR/9 Multiplexer/Strea Router  9 Port with RS-232 I/

faces and Manual

Network Management Diagnostics

DIAGS/E Network Manage ent and Re ote Diagnostics

Facilities per Radio  E Series

DIAGS/EH Network Manage ent and Re ote Diagnostics

Facilities  E Series for EH450

Software

TVIEW+ Configuration, Network Manage ent and Re ote

Diagnostics Software

Other

NEMA 4 /R Stainless Steel Enclosure for Re ote Site

Equip ent. Size 600 (h) x 600 (d) x

580 (w)  Roo for Third Party RTU / PLC

equip. (Approx. 400 (h) x 600 (d) x 580 (w)

HITEMP Extended Te perature Option for S, D and E

Series Radios -30 to +70C

ED VM Digital Order Wire Voice Module

ERFD450 ER450. Conversion to Full Duplex Operation

(N Type  Tx Port, SMA - Type Rx Port)

Note: Requires external duplexer

ERFDTRAY 19" Rack Tray for Mounting of ER450 Full Duplex

Radio and External Band Reject Duplexer

Standard Accessories

Page 10

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part C  A lications

Part C  Applications

Generic Connectivity

The E Series has been designed for SCADA and tele etry

applications, and any other applications that use an ASCII

co unications protocol, and which connect physically using the

RS232 interface standard (although converters can be used to adapt

other interfaces such as RS422/485, RS530/V35, G703 etc).

Any protocol that can be displayed using a PC based ter inal

progra operating via a serial co unications port is suitable for

trans ission by the E Series radio ode s.

An ASCII protocol is any that consists of essage strings for ed

fro ASCII characters, that being defined as a 10 or 11 bit block

including start and stop bits, 7 or 8 data bits and optional parity bit(s).

Port set-up dialog that includes the expressions N,8,1, or E,7,2 or

si ilar indicate an ASCII protocol.

Most of the do inant tele etry industry suppliers utilise proprietary

ASCII protocols, and also co on 'open standard industry protocols

such as DNP3, MODBUS, TCP/IP, and PPP. These are all ASCII

based protocols.

Industries and Applications

The E Series products are widely used in point-to-point and point-to-

ultipoint ( ultiple access) applications for re ote interconnection of

PLCs, RTUs, dataloggers, and other data onitoring and control

devices - including specialist utility devices (such as powerline

ACRs). In addition, other applications such as area wide security and

alar syste s, public infor ation syste s (traffic flow and public

signage syste s) and environ ental onitoring syste s.

Application Detail

SCADA Systems

This is where one or ore centralised control sites are used to onitor

and control re ote field devices over wide areas. Exa ples include

regional utilities onitoring and controlling networks over entire shires

or a greater city etropolis. Industry sectors include energy utilities

(gas and electricity distribution), water and sewerage utilities,

catch ent and environ ent groups (rivers, da s and catch ent

anage ent authorities).

Telemetry Systems

Dedicated tele etry control syste s interconnecting sequential

devices either where cabling is not practical or distances are

considerable.

Exa ples include:

 ore conveyor or slurry pipeline syste s

 si ple water syste s (pu p and reservoir interlinking)

 broadcast industry (linking studio to trans itter) etc.

Information Systems

Public Infor ation syste s such as freeway vehicle flow, travel ti e

onitoring, feedback signage, parking signage syste s and

eteorological stations etc.

Page 11

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part C  A lications

Systems Architecture

Point-to-Point

This si ple syste architecture provides a virtual connection between

the two points, si ilar to a cable. Dependent of the hardware chosen,

it is possible to provide a full duplex connection (i.e. data transfer in

both directions si ultaneously) if required.

Point-to-Multipoint Systems

In a ultiple access radio syste , essages can be broadcast fro

one ( aster) site to all others, either using a half duplex radio syste

or fro any site to all others, using a si plex radio channel.

Half duplex syste s often utilise a full duplex aster, to ake the

syste si pler and for faster operation.

In either case, it will be necessary for the application to support an

addressing syste , since the

aster needs to be able to select

which re ote device it with which

it wishes to co unicate.

Nor ally, the radio syste is

allowed to operate transparently,

allowing the applications protocol to

provide the addressing, and thus

control the traffic. Where the

application layer does not provide

the addressing, the E Series can

provide it using SID codes. (See

Part F - Operational Features)

Page 12

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part C  A lications

Digipeater Systems

This configuration is used where all sites are required to co unicate

via a repeater site. A repeater site is used because it has a position

and/or height advantage and thus provides superior or extended RF

coverage. The radio ode at the repeater does not have to be

physically connected to the applications aster site. Infor ation fro

the applications aster is trans itted to the repeater via radio, and the

repeater then relays this infor ation to the other field sites. In this

scenario, the repeater is the aster fro an RF point of view, and the

application aster is effectively a re ote fro an RF point of view,

even though it is controlling the data transfer on the syste .

Backbone Store and Forward Systems

Store and forward is used as a way of extending RF coverage by

repeating data essages fro one site to another.

This can be done globally using the inbuilt data repeating functions, or

selectively using intelligent address based routing features available in

so e PLC/RTU protocols.

In this case it is necessary for all units on the syste to operate in half

duplex ode (only key-up when trans itting data), so that each site is

free to hear received signals fro ore than one source.

Digipeater System

Backbone Store and Forward

System

Page 13

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Part D  System Planning an Design

Understanding RF Path

Requirements

A radio ode needs a ini u a ount of received RF signal to

operate reliably and provide adequate data throughput.

In ost cases, spectru regulatory authorities will also define or li it

the a ount of signal that can be trans itted, and the trans itted power

will decay with distance and other factors, as it oves away fro the

trans itting antenna.

It follows, therefore, that for a given trans ission level, there will be a

finite distance at which a receiver can operate reliably with respect to

the trans itter.

Apart fro signal loss due to distance, other factors that will decay a

signal include obstructions (hills, buildings, foliage), horizon (effectively

the bulge between two points on the earth), and (to a ini al extent at

UHF frequencies) factors such as fog, heavy rain-bursts, dust stor s,

etc.

In order to ascertain the available RF coverage fro a trans itting

station, it will be necessary to consider these factors. This can be

done in a nu ber of ways, including

(a) using basic for ulas to calculate the theoretically available

signal - allowing only for free space loss due to distance,

(b) using sophisticated software to build earth terrain odels and

apply other correction factors such as earth curvature and the

effects of obstructions, and

It is good design practice to consider the results of at least two of these

odels to design a radio path.

Page 14

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Examples of Predicti e Path

Modelling

Clear line of site

Radio path with good signal levels, attenuated only by free space

loss.

Obstructed Radio Path

This path has an obstruction that will seriously degrade the signal

arriving at the field site.

obstpath.pl3

Major Repeater Site

Field Site

Elevation (m)

703.83

309.67

Latitude

030 43 55.92 S

030 56 24.00 S

Longitude

150 38 49.51 E

150 38 48.00 E

Azimuth

180.10

0.10

Antenna Type

ANT450/6OM

ANT450/9AL

Antenna Height (m)

40.00

5.00

Antenna Gain (dBi)

8.15

11.15

Antenna Gain (dBd)

6.00

9.00

TX Line Type

LDF4-50

TX Line Length (m)

40.00

5.00

TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m)

6.79

TX Line Loss (dB)

2.72

0.34

Connector Loss (dB)

2.00

Frequency (MHz)

450.00

Path Length (km)

23.04

Free Space Loss (dB)

112.78

Diffraction Loss (dB)

16.71

Net Path Loss (dB)

117.25

Radio Type Model

EB450

ER450

TX Power (watts)

5.00

1.00

TX Power (dBW)

6.99

0.00

ffective Radiated Power (watts)

6.71

4.63

ffective Radiated Power (dBW)

8.27

6.66

RX Sensitivity Level (uv)

0.71

1.26

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW)

-140.00

-135.00

RX Signal (uv)

9.70

21.70

RX Signal (dBW)

-117.25

-110.26

RX Field Strength (uv/m)

95.74

115.23

Fade Margin (dB)

22.75

24.74

Raleigh Service Probability (%)

99.470

99.665

goodpath.pl3

Major Repeater Site

Field Site

Elevation (m)

756.69

309.67

Latitude

031 04 37.49 S

030 56 24.00 S

Longitude

150 57 26.34 E

150 38 48.00 E

Azimuth

297.05

117.21

Antenna Type

ANT450/6OM

ANT450/9AL

Antenna Height (m)

40.00

5.00

Antenna Gain (dBi)

8.15

11.15

Antenna Gain (dBd)

6.00

9.00

TX Line Type

LDF4-50

TX Line Length (m)

40.00

5.00

TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m)

6.79

TX Line Loss (dB)

2.72

0.34

Connector Loss (dB)

2.00

Frequency (MHz)

450.00

Path Length (km)

33.33

Free Space Loss (dB)

115.99

Diffraction Loss (dB)

0.00

Net Path Loss (dB)

103.75

Radio Type Model

EB450

ER450

TX Power (watts)

5.00

1.00

TX Power (dBW)

6.99

0.00

ffective Radiated Power (watts)

6.71

4.63

ffective Radiated Power (dBW)

8.27

6.66

RX Sensitivity Level (uv)

0.71

1.26

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW)

-140.00

-135.00

RX Signal (uv)

45.93

102.70

RX Signal (dBW)

-103.75

-96.76

RX Field Strength (uv/m)

453.14

545.42

Fade Margin (dB)

36.25

38.24

Raleigh Service Probability (%)

99.976

99.985

Page 15

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Effect of Earth Curvature on Long Paths

This path requires greater ast height to offset the earth curvature

experienced at such a distance (73k ).

longpath.pl3

Repeater Site

Far Field Site

Elevation (m)

221.26

75.58

Latitude

032 01 21.63 S

032 33 00.00 S

Longitude

142 15 19.26 E

141 47 00.00 E

Azimuth

217.12

37.37

Antenna Type

ANT450/6OM

ANT450/9AL

Antenna Height (m)

40.00

5.00

Antenna Gain (dBi)

8.15

11.15

Antenna Gain (dBd)

6.00

9.00

TX Line Type

LDF4-50

TX Line Length (m)

40.00

5.00

6.79

TX Line Loss (dB)

2.72

0.34

Connector Loss (dB)

2.00

Frequency (MHz)

450.00

Path Length (km)

73.46

Free Space Loss (dB)

122.85

Diffraction Loss (dB)

22.94

Net Path Loss (dB)

133.55

Radio Type Model

EB450

ER450

TX Power (watts)

5.00

1.00

TX Power (dBW)

6.99

0.00

Effective Radiated Power (watts)

6.72

4.64

Effective Radiated Power (dBW)

8.27

6.66

RX Sensitivity Level (uv)

0.71

1.26

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW)

-140.00

-135.00

RX Signal (uv)

1.49

3.32

RX Signal (dBW)

-133.55

-126.56

RX Field Strength (uv/m)

14.65

17.64

Fade Margin (dB)

6.45

8.44

Raleigh Service Probability (%)

79.735

86.656

Page 16

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Antenna Gain

By co pressing the trans ission energy into a disc or bea , the

antenna provides ore energy (a stronger signal) in that direction, and

thus is said to have a perfor ance gain over a basic o ni antenna.

Gain is usually expressed in dBd, which is referenced to a standard

folded dipole. Gain can also be expressed in dBi, which is referenced

to a theoretical isotropic radiator. Either way, if you intend to send

and receive signals fro a single direction, there is advantage in using

a directional antenna - both due to the increased signal in the wanted

direction, and the relatively decreased signal in the unwanted direction

(i.e. interference rejection properties).

Tuning the Antenna

Many antennas are anufactured for use over a wide frequency

range. Typical fixed use antennas such as folded dipoles and yagis

are generally supplied with the quoted gain available over the entire

specified band range, and do not require tuning. Co-linear antennas are

nor ally built to a specific frequency specified when ordering.

With obile whip type antennas, it is so eti es necessary to

tune the antenna for the best perfor ance on the required frequency.

This is usually done by tri ing an antenna ele ent whilst easuring

VSWR, or si ply tri ing to a anufacturer supplied chart showing

length vs frequency. These antennas would nor ally be supplied with

the tuning infor ation provided.

Antenna Placement

When ounting the antenna, it is necessary to consider the following

criteria:

The ounting structure will need to be solid enough to withstand

additional loading on the antenna ount due to extre e wind, ice or

snow (and in so e cases, large birds).

For o ni directional antennas, it is necessary to consider the effect of

the ounting structure (tower ast or building) on the radiation pattern.

Close in structures, particularly steel structures, can alter the radiation

pattern of the antenna. Where possible, o ni antennas should always

be ounted on the top of the ast or pole to ini ise this effect. If this

is not possible, ount the antenna on a horizontal outrigger to get it at

least 1-2 away fro the structure. When ounting on buildings, a

s all ast or pole (2-4 ) can significantly i prove the radiation

pattern by providing clearance fro the building structure.

For directional antennas, it is generally only necessary to consider the

structure in relation to the forward radiation pattern of the antenna,

unless the structure is etallic, and of a solid nature. In this case it is

also prudent to position the antenna as far away fro the structure as

is practical. With directional antennas, it is also necessary to ensure

that the antenna cannot ove in such a way that the directional

bea width will be affected. For long yagi antennas, it is often

necessary to instal a fibreglass strut to stablilise the antenna under

windy conditions.

Alignment of Directional Antennas

This is generally perfor ed by altering the align ent of the antenna

whilst easuring the received signal strength. If the signal is weak, it

ay be necessary to pre-align the antenna using a co pass, GPS,

or visual or ap guidance in order to find the wanted signal. Yagi

antennas have a nu ber of lower gain lobes centred around the

pri ary lobe. When aligning for best signal strength, it is i portant to

scan the antenna through at least 90 degrees, to ensure that the centre

(strongest) lobe is identified.

When aligning a directional antenna, avoid placing your hands or body

in the vicinity of the radiating ele ent or the forward bea pattern, as

this will affect the perfor ance of the antenna.

Selecting Antennas

There are basically two types of antennas  o ni-directional and

directional.

O nidirectional antennas are designed to radiate signal in a 360

degrees seg ent around the antenna. Basic short range antennas

such as folded dipoles and ground independent whips are used to

radiate the signal in a ball shaped pattern. High gain o ni antennas

such as the co-linear co press the sphere of energy into the

horizontal plane, providing a relatively flat disc shaped pattern which

goes further because all of the energy is radiated in the horizontal

plane.

Directional antennas are designed to concentrate the signal into bea 

of energy for trans ission in a single direction (i.e. for point-to-point or

re ote to base applications).

Bea widths vary according to the antenna type, and so can be

selected to suit design require ents. The ost co on UHF

directional antenna is the yagi, which offers useable bea widths of

30-50 degrees. Even higher gain is available using parabolic dish

type antennas such as gridpacks.

Page 17

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Common Cable Types Loss per meter Loss per 10m

@ 450MHz @ 450MHz

RG58C/U 0.4426dB 4.4dB

RG213/U 0.1639dB 1.6dB

FSJ1-50 (¼ superf ex) 0.1475dB 1.5dB

LDF4-50 (1/2 he iax) 0.0525dB 0.52dB

LDF5-50 (7/8 he iax) 0.0262dB 0.3dB

Data Connecti ity

The V24 Standard

The E Series radio ode s provide two asynchronous V24

co pliant RS232 ports for connection to serial data devices.

There are two types of RS232 interfaces  DTE and DCE.

DTE stands for data terminal equipment and is generally applied to

any intelligent device that has a need to co unicate to another

device via RS232. For exa ple: P.C. Co ports are always DTE,

as are ost PLC and RTU serial ports.

DCE stands for data communication equipment and is generally

applied to a device used for sending data over so e ediu (wires,

radio, fibre etc), i.e. any MODEM.

The standard interface between a DTE and DCE device (using the

sa e connector type) is a straight through cable (i.e. each pin

connects to the sa e nu bered corresponding pin at the other end of

the cable).

The V24 definition originally specified the DB25 connector standard,

but this has been co plicated by the e ergence of the DB9 (pseudo)

standard for asynch devices, and this connector standard has different

pin assign ents.

The wiring standard is unbalanced, and provides for three basic data

transfer wires (TXD, RXD, and SG  signal ground).

Hardware Handshaking

Hardware handshake lines are also e ployed to provide flow control,

however (in the tele etry industry) any devices do not always

support all (or any) flow control lines.

For this reason, the E Series ode s can be configured for full

hardware flow control, or no flow control at all (si ple 3 wire

interface).

Note: that when connecting devices together with differing handshake

implementations, it is sometimes necessary to loop handshake pins

in order to fool the devices handshaking requirements.

In tele etry applications (particularly where port speeds can be set to

the sa e rate as the radio syste s over-air rate) then flow control,

and therefore handshaking, is usually NOT required. It follows that

any devices that CAN be configured for no flow control should be

used in this ode to si plify cabling require ents.

Handshaking lines can generally be looped as follows:

DTE (ter inal)  loop RTS to CTS, and DTR to DSR and DCE.

DCE ( ode ) - loop DSR to DTR and RTS (note-not required for E

Series ode when set for no handshaking).

RF Feeders and Protection

The antenna is connected to the radio ode by way of an RF feeder.

In choosing the feeder type, one ust co pro ise between the loss

caused by the feeder, and the cost, flexibility, and bulk of lower loss

feeders. To do this, it is often prudent to perfor path analysis first, in

order to deter ine how uch spare signal can be allowed to be lost

in the feeder. The feeder is also a critical part of the lightning protection

syste .

All elevated antennas ay be exposed to induced or direct lightning

strikes, and correct grounding of the feeder and ast are an essential

part of this process. Gas discharge lightning arresters should also be

fitted to all sites.

Note: All E SI installations require the use of a lightning surge

arrestor in order to meet EN6095. See Part A - Preface for lightning

arrestor specifications.

Page 18

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Cable Wiring Diagrams

Page 19

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

RS232 Connector Pin outs (DCE

Port A and B, Female DB9

Cable Wiring Diagrams

Page 20

E Series Data Radio  User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Power Supply and En ironmental

Considerations

General

When ounting the equip ent, consideration should be given to the

environ ental aspects of the site. The cabinet should be positioned so

that it is shaded fro hot afternoon sun, or icy cold wind. Whilst the

radios are designed for harsh te perature extre es, they will give a

longer service life if operated in a ore stable te perature

environ ent. In an industrial environ ent, the radio ode s should

be isolated fro excessive vibration, which can destroy electronic

co ponents, joints, and crystals.

The cabinet should provide full protection fro oisture, dust,

corrosive at ospheres, and residues fro ants and s all ver in

(which can be corrosive or conductive). The radio ode will radiate

heat fro the in-built heatsink, and the higher the trans itter duty

cycle, the ore heat will be radiated fro the heatsink. Ensure there is

sufficient ventilation in the for of passive or forced air circulation to

ensure that the radio is able to aintain quoted te perature li its.

Power Supply

The power supply should provide a clean, filtered DC source. The

radio ode is designed and calibrated to operate fro a 13.8VDC

regulated supply, but will operate fro 10-16 volts (filtered) DC.

The power supply ust be able to supply sufficient current to provide

clean filtered DC under the full current conditions of the radio ode

(i.e. when trans itting full RF power). See Section L - Specifications

for ore details of the power supply require ents.

Solar Applications

In solar or battery-backed installations, a battery anage ent unit

should be fitted to cut off power to the radio when battery levels fall

below the ini u voltage specification of the radio. In solar

applications, a solar regulation unit MUST ALSO be fitted to ensure

that the radio (and battery) is protected fro excessive voltage under

full sun conditions.

When calculating solar and battery capacity require ents, the constant

current consu ption will be approxi ately equal to the trans it current

ultiplied by the duty cycle of the trans itter, plus the receive current

ultiplied by the (re aining) duty cycle of the receiver.

The Tx/Rx duty cycle will be entirely dependent on the a ount of data

being trans itted by the radio ode , unless the device has been

configured for continuous trans it, in which case the constant current

consu ption will be equal to the trans it current only (at 100% duty

cycle).

Note: Operation below the minimum specified supply voltages could

result in poor radio performance. If the supply voltage falls below

7.2Vdc the radio will shut down. Normal radio startup will not occur

until 10Vdc is supplied.

Site Earthing

The radio ust not be allowed to provide a ground path fro chassis

to (DB9) signal ground or (-) battery ground. Ensure that the chassis

ounting plate, power supply (-) earth, RTU ter inal device, and

lightning arrester, are all securely earthed to a co on ground point to

which an earth stake is attached. Please pay particular attention to

24Vdc PLC syste s using DC-DC converters to supply 13.8Vdc.

Caution: There is N internal replaceable fuse, and therefore

the radio ode MUST be externally fused with the fuse

holder provided (ER450: 3 a p slo-blow fuse, EB450: 5

a p fast-blow fuse).

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